Tài liệu ISSUES IN THE INTEGRATION OF RESEARCH AND OPERATIONAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS FOR CLIMATE RESEARCH pdf

[...]... agencies Using as a framework the broad area of climate research, which includes monitoring climate change as well as understanding climate processes and impacts, the committee has continued its study of these issues The committee uses the notion of climate observation in its broadest sense, to include monitoring climate change, understanding underlying processes, and estimating the impacts of climate. .. establishment of a coherent Earth observing system for climate research and monitoring.6 Challenges in the Integration of NASA/ESE and NOAA/NPOESS Programs • Division of responsibility in the integration of research and operational missions Climate research and monitoring raise issues that transcend the capabilities of any single federal agency Yet, in the committee’s view, no effective structure is currently in. .. response 7 8 ISSUES IN THE INTEGRATION OF RESEARCH AND OPERATIONAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS FOR CLIMATE RESEARCH WEATHER AND CLIMATE The requirements for a program of climate research are often perceived to be in conflict with what is required for weather services: climate- related studies require long-term consistency whereas weather services (e.g., forecasts, severe weather warnings) require rapid delivery of data... value of such time series increases as the record INTEGRATING RESEARCH AND OPERATIONAL MISSIONS IN SUPPORT OF CLIMATE RESEARCH 9 Box 1.1 Distinguishing Weather and Climate “Weather,” the current condition of the atmosphere, is usually described in terms of temperature, cloud cover, wind, and precipitation Operational weather forecasts attempt to predict the evolution of these variables over the next... within the federal government that will assess the U.S remote sensing programs and their ability to meet the science and policy needs for climate research and monitoring and the requirements for operational weather observation and forecasting The panel should be convened under the auspices of the National Science and Technology Council and draw upon input from agency representatives, climate researchers,... weather prediction and the protection of life and property, they have also played a vital role in study of the Earth The operational nature of these systems has ensured that the data record is nearly complete, spanning more than 30 years in certain cases Many of the variables important for weather forecasting are also critical for understanding climate- related processes as well as climate monitoring... and NOAA operational and research users to produce a detailed list of measurement requirements The culmination of this effort was the Integrated Operational Requirements Document (IORD-1) 4See, for example, NRC (1998, 1999b) 4 ISSUES IN THE INTEGRATION OF RESEARCH AND OPERATIONAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS FOR CLIMATE RESEARCH that was formally endorsed by NOAA, DOD, and NASA.5 The IORD-1 consists of 61 environmental... roles in the development of a climate observing system Differing sampling strategies will also be needed to tailor measurement requirements to instrument capabilities in a cost-effective manner 3The committee’s forthcoming phase two report, Issues in the Integration of Research and Operational Satellite Systems for Climate Research: II Implementation (NRC, 2000), addresses systems engineering issues. .. transferring key aspects of the observing program for USGCRP to operational programs will be very difficult.” The Climate Research Committee (NRC, 1999a) in its report The Adequacy of Climate Observing Systems stated that “there has been a lack of progress by the federal agencies responsible for climate observing systems, individually and collectively, toward developing and maintaining a credible integrated... THE INTEGRATION OF RESEARCH AND OPERATIONAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS FOR CLIMATE RESEARCH NASA’S APPROACH TO LONG-TERM OBSERVATIONS The original plans for EOS included three nearly identical groups of satellites, with each group lasting 5 years The resulting 15-year data set would form the basis for climate research and modeling Implicitly, it was assumed that a subset of these observations and their associated . National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and. class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" ISSUES IN THE INTEGRATION OF RESEARCH AND OPERATIONAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS FOR CLIMATE RESEARCH I. S CIENCE AND DESIGN Committee on