Solid waste management and environmental compliance of historic hot spring resorts in calamba city laguna, philippines

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY MARK VIXEN V GLODO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE OF HISTORIC HOT SPRING RESORTS IN CALAMBA CITY, LAGUNA, PHILIPPINES BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full-time Major: Environmental Science and Management Faculty: Advanced Education Program Batch: 2015 – 2018 Thai Nguyen, 25/09/2018 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student Name Mark Vixen V Glodo Student I.D DTN1454290111 Thesis Title Solid Waste Management and Environmental Compliance of Historic Hot Spring Resorts in Calamba City Laguna, Philippines Supervisor (s) Dr Maricris G Unico Mrs Ly Thi Thuy Duong Supervisor (s) Signature Abstract: Pollution is one of the world’s worst problems and became an issue from the past decades until now Generations of waste are rapidly increasing due to some reasons like tourism, population growth, and building infrastructure, migration from rural-urban Most of the people concern about this is solid waste management Calamba City also known as resort capital of the Philippines because of its hot spring resorts With the rapid constructions of resorts in Calamba City it also increases the generation of waste The study will determine the solid waste management practices and environmental compliance of the selected hot spring resorts in Calamba City It will also assess the current solid waste status of the hot spring resorts in terms of waste generation, waste disposal, waste collection and waste handling and sorting The study will also assess the extent of environmental compliance of the historic hot spring resorts The study aims to increase the knowledge of people in solid waste management to help the community and environment to decrease the level of pollution With the help of proper solid waste management practices and environmental ordinances by the local government, it will decrease the generation of solid waste in one area meaning it will also decrease the health risk and disaster in the community Keywords Solid Waste Management, Environmental Compliance, Waste Generation, Waste Handling and Sorting, Waste Collection, Waste Disposal ii Number of Pages Date of submission September 25, 2018 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The researcher wants to express his utmost gratitude and deepest appreciation to his wonderful, loving, and supportive family Rodolfo M Glodo Jr., Teresita Aya Ay Villarica, Everett Lloyd V Glodo who keeps on supporting him through his ups and down moments Thank you for the unending love, and prayers To his cousins for giving him all the supports To the two beautiful and understanding thesis advisors Mrs Ly Thi Thuy Duong of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry for giving giving ideas and assistance as the author conducted her research study and deepest appreciation to Dr Marcris G Unico of Laguna College of Business and Arts for giving me lots of words of wisdom that became his inspiration as the author conducted his research study Sincerest thank you to all respondents who invest a little time answering the structured questionnaire and interview specially the owners of the resorts for letting the researcher conduct a survey in their facilities for his research study To Advance Education Program, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry together with the staffs for giving him opportunity to study abroad To the batch K46-AEP, for sharing beautiful memories, knowledge and food along his journey in Vietnam To all friends especially Anne Gillyn Raymundo, Camhil Lacap, Manuel Victor Ramirez, Saintly Ghia Sarmiento Jeanne Corpuz, Nicole De Castro, Hannah Ayson, and Jefferson Vivas The author got this far because of you all, w`ho pushed him to pursue his goals, who relieved his stresses, who enlightens his mood, who gives his positivity in life, and who keeps on sending prayers for him Words are not enough to express how thankful and blessed the iv author is All the author can is to take a new step with all the lessons, laughers and memories you have shared with him May the Lord bless all of you Mark Vixen V Glodo v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv TABLE OF CONTENTS vi LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS x PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research Rationale 1.2 Research’s Objectives 1.3 Research Questions and Hypotheses Hypotheses 1.4 Significance of the Study 1.5 Scope and Limitation 1.6 Definition of Terms 1.7 Research Paradigm CHAPTER II: LITERETURE REVIEW 11 2.1 Solid Waste Management Practices 11 2.2 Environmental Compliance 13 2.3 Waste Generation 14 2.4 Waste Collection 16 2.5 Waste Disposal 18 2.6 Waste Handling and Sorting 20 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY 23 3.1 Research Design 23 3.2 Population and Sampling 23 3.3 Respondents of the Study 24 3.4 Data-Gathering Procedure 24 3.5 Validation of Instrument 25 3.6 Ethical Considerations 25 3.7 Treatment of Quantitative Data 26 CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 29 CHAPTER V: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS40 5.1 Summary of Findings 40 5.2 Conclusions 41 vi 5.3 Recommendations 42 REFERENCES 43 APPENDICES 50 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: The Research Paradigm 10 viii LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Arbitrary Scale for the Solid Waste Management Practices 27 Table 2: Arbitrary Scale for Extent of the Environmental Compliance 27 Table 3: The Status of the Solid Waste Management Practices of the Historic Hot Spring Resorts in Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines in terms of Waste Generation 29 Table 4: The status of the Solid Waste Management Practices of the Historic Hot Spring Resorts in Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines in terms of Waste Handling and Sorting 31 Table 5: The Status of the Solid Waste Management Practices of the Historic Hot Spring Resorts in Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines in terms of Waste Collection 32 Table 6: The Status of the Solid Waste Management Practices of the Historic Hot Spring Resorts in Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines in terms of Waste Disposal 33 Table 7: The Environmental Compliance of Historic Hot Spring Resorts 35 Table 8: Test of Significant Difference on the Assessment of the Resort and Resort Respondents on the Status of the Solid Waste Management Practices and the Environmental Compliance of the Historic Hot Spring Resorts 37 Table 9: Regression Analysis on the Impact of Solid Waste Management Practices to the Environmental Compliance 38 ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources GDP Gross Domestic Product MRF Material recovery facility MMDA Metro Manila Development Authority SPSS Statistical Package for Social Sciences SWM Solid Waste Management UNEP United Nations Environment Programme x As reflected, solid waste management as applied by historic resorts in Pansol, Calamba City, Laguna Philippines influences the compliance level of the resorts with the legal acts covering environmental protection and nurturing 5.3 Recommendations Based on what has reflected in this study, the researcher recommends the following: The solid waste management practices of each historic resort must be implemented as a system rather than a standalone activity The system must cover various phases covering waste generation, handling and sorting, collection to disposal A practical policy must be developed for each phase considering their relevance from each cycle The subjects of this study proved that there seem to be a deficiency in terms of compliance strategy on the environmental acts in the community and country In this regard, developing an environmental compliance program or plan should be considered by the resorts identifying actual compliance activities, objectives, people involved and targeted costs This program or plan should be used as the resorts’ guidelines in ensuring that compliance is being achieved Benchmarking with the practices of other resorts is highly recommended to determine and 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http://www.ijesd.org/vol7/860-S0033.pdf Vasquez, JM V et al (2015) The current solid waste management practices of Carlos John Resort In Barangay Soledad, San Pablo City, Laguna LetranCalamba Research Report, vol no World bank http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPHILIPPINES/Resources/16-38BrownEnvt.pdf Yuan G (n.d) Disposal of Solid Wastes http://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c09/e411-03-03.pdf 49 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Table of the Number of Respondents Surveyed per Resort Cuyab Hot Spring Resorts (n) Owner Staff Laguna Hot Spring Resorts (n) 19 Clients 30 40 50 50 Total Appendix 2: Survey Questionnaire used in Determining the Status of Solid Waste Management Practices and the Extent of the Environmental Compliance of Hot Spring Resorts SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE OF HISTORIC HOT SPRING RESORTS IN CALAMBA CITY, LAGUNA, PHILIPPINES SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE Name (optional): Resort: _ Position:  Resort Administrator/Manager,  Resort Personnel/Staff,  Guest/Client Gender: Male, Female Direction: Please use the rating scale below and encircle the number that corresponds to the evaluation of each value item What is the status of the Solid Waste Management practices of the selected historic hot spring resorts in Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines? 50 Disagree (Not Observed – NO) Somewhat Agree (Moderately Observed – MO) Agree(Observ ed-O) Strongly Agree (Highly Observed HO) A Waste Generation The resort has a waste 1management program for waste segregation and reduction The resort implements an on-site solid waste segregation for biodegradable, recyclable, residual and special waste The resort utilizes separate garbage bins for biodegradable, recyclable, residual and special waste The resort's garbage bins are properly labeled according to the 4type of waste such as biodegradable, recyclable, residual and special waste The resort utilizes leaked proof 5garbage bins for biodegradable waste The resort has an on-site material recovery facility (MRF) specifically a 6composting area for biodegradable refuse and a storage facility for recyclable waste 4 4 4 4 4 B Waste Handling and Sorting The resort has a composting shed for recyclable solid waste Residual and special wastes are 2separated from biodegradable and recyclable refuse Materials recovery facility (MRF) is utilize for biodegradable refuse that is 3subject for composting and for recyclable refuse that is subject for storage and recycling Recyclable wastes collected are sold to recyclable buyers 51 The materials recovery facility (MRF) is sanitized Compost produced is used as 6fertilizers and as part of the greening project of the resort 4 4 4 4 4 4 C Waste Collection The resort utilizes specific garbage 1bins for biodegradable, recyclable, residual and special waste A coordinator/personnel oversees the overall operation on solid waste 2management and ensures that all garbage bins are properly labeled according to the type of waste All collected wastes are carried to 3the on-site materials recovery facility (MRF) for storage and composting Residual and special solid wastes are the only refuse being collected by the municipal or city garbage collectors There is a procedure for solid waste collection and transport that is 5monitored by the resort coordinator designated for solid waste management Resort solid waste personnel wear 6protective equipment or apparel in collecting refuse D Waste Disposal A waste management disposal plan is applied that ensured compliance with existing law or ordinances Residual and special wastes are 2disposed using garbage bags or containers The resort coordinates with the 3local government so that proper waste disposal may be observed Residual and special wastes are the only type of refuse being collected by the garbage collectors or the LGU The waste management disposal program ensures that biodegradable 52 and recyclable wastes are diverted to the materials recovery facility (MRF) What is the extent of environmental compliance of the selected historic hot spring resorts in Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines? Disagre Somewhat Strongly e (Not Agree Agree(Compl Agree Complied – (Moderately ied-C) (Highly NC) Complied – MC) Complied -HC) The resort implements waste segregation at source including segregation of biodegradable, recyclable, residual and special wastes The resort implements garbage bins specifically to the (4) different kinds of waste such as biodegradable, recyclable, residual and special wastes The resort implements composting of biodegradable waste that can be used as fertilizer or on the resort greening project The resort implements a materials recovery facility for its recyclable wastes The resort coordinates with the local government unit on collection and disposal of residual and special wastes The resort implements an integrated solid waste management plan/ strategy The resort conducts trainings on solid waste management specifically composting and recycling The resort implements a mandatory composting on all collected biodegradable waste in the premises The resort implements a 4 4 4 4 53 1 1 mandatory recycling on all the collected recyclable materials using the resort materials recovery facility (MRF) The resort thru solid waste management collects and disposes waste particles such as wood, metals and rock chips The resort prevents risk or injury by proactively collecting and disposing solid waste that can cause fire, steam or hot surfaces The resort prevents potential source of injury by ensuring construction debris are collected and transported properly The resort proactively collects and segregates construction solid waste to prevent any potential injury within the premises The resort set-up proper and adequate sanitary facilities The resort strictly observe proper waste handling and disposal 4 4 4 Thank you and God Bless! 54 Appendix 3: Letter of Request to Conduct Survey in Laguna Hot Spring Resort 55 Appendix 4: Letter of Request to Conduct Survey in Cuyab Hot Spring Resort 56 ... status of the Solid Waste Management Practices of the Historic Hot Spring Resorts in Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines in terms of Waste Handling and Sorting 31 Table 5: The Status of the Solid Waste. .. status of Solid Waste Management practices of the historic hot spring resorts in Barangay Pansol, Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines  To determine the extent of environmental compliance of hot spring. .. current solid waste management status and environmental compliance practices of the two historic hot spring resorts in Calamba City namely Cuyab Hot Spring Resorts and Laguna Hot Springs These two resorts