Fruit farming in summer and autumn season at ulm renchen, baden württemberg, germany

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY OANDASAN, ALYSZA VILLENE ABUSTAN FRUIT FARMING THROUGH THE TIME OF SUMMER AND AUTUMN SEASON AT RENCHEN, BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG GERMANY BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full- Time Major: Bachelor of Science Environmental Science and Management Faculty: Advanced Education Program Office Batch: 2015-2018 Type: On the-Job-Training (OJT) Thai Nguyen, 23/09/2019 Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student Name Alysza Villene Abustan Oandasan Student ID DTN1454290089 Fruit Farming in Summer and Autumn Season at Ulm On-Job-Training Title Renchen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany Patric Michael Spraul (Germany) Supervisor (s) Dr Ho Ngoc Son (Vietnam) Supervisor(s) signature Patric Michael Spraul Dr Ho Ngoc Son (Germany) (Vietnam) Abstract: International training and development Center and Zentrale Auslands- und Fachvermittlung is an organization/program that helps as an college students find a workplace for their internship Thus, the student intern conducts the on the–JobTraining at Ulm, Renchen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany Climate Change is the most difficult to anticipate as it hinders predicting the changing weather Moreover, for the farmers or owner of the farm will be very challenging especially when drought, heavy rains and cold or freezing weather occurs because there are an advantages and disadvantages in the farm To begin with, the i farm fields have five (5) different kinds of fruits in which are strawberry, plum, cherry, apple and grapes which are scattered in different places of Ulm that are twenty-seven (27) hectares in total of the fruit fields Generally, fruit farming have many challenges and struggles during the harvest season of the fruits and also during the post-harvesting In Spraul’s fruit farm, no fruit is put into waste as every fruit that have a big or small size, ripe or not, even its deteriorated fruit, it can be brought to the winery However, as for selling, the fruits must have a better quality and a big size to have a better income So when the drought occurs the fruit trees are lacking of water and the fruits are smaller than the usual size or dried out Moreover, when it have a heavy or normal rain, the fruits becomes bigger As a result, the student intern learns a lot from the internship, gain a lot of skills and knowledge throughout the fruit farming activities with the help of the supervisor and owner especially the workers in the farm in Germany Climate change, Strawberry, Cherry, Apple, Plum, Keywords: Grapes Number of pages 41 Date of Submission September 23, 2019 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to thank God for everything and for giving a strength I need I’m expressing my immeasurable gratitude to our God our almighty father of heaven and earth for guiding me and also for the unconditional love Second, I want to express my appreciation to my employer Mr Patric Michael Spraul and to his family, without their valuable assistance and guidance, in this journey could have been and wouldn’t be done smoothly and perfectly I am also very thankful to Spraul family for everything as I successfully complete my training without any concern Third, I am greatly thankful to my family no one has been important to me to pursue this Internship, also for their never ending support and motivating me when I’m losing my strength when I was about t to give up already especially to Claudia Beatriz for being my inspiration throughout my internship and also for her everlasting love Fourth, to my co- workers in that farm Daniel Demitru Gilca, Daria Litvinova, Marius Simu, Maria Simu, Nicolae Plezsca, Danut Ciama, Costel Badea and George Badea I just want to say my thanks for their help during my internship days for the friendship as well and always got my back when I need it the most Fifth, to the office staff of Advanced Education Program Office staff for helping me to pursue my internship, the International Training Center staff for giving me this opportunity to my Internship overseas and also to the Praktikum Global who find and gave me a chance to this training iii Six, I would also want to give my gratitude to Mrs Olivia Magpily for her help in the time that I am at stake for giving me a chance and be my guarantor when I need one and especially I would like to express my sincerest gratitude and appreciation to my Internship adviser, Mr Ho Ngoc Son, a Deputy Director, Agriculture and Forestry Research & Development Center for Mountainous Region (ADC) also a Forestry Faculty in Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry for his support and guidance to have a better result of my paper Lastly, I am grateful to Pauline Damaso and Erika Padlan for helping to check and for editing my report For I know the plans I have for you,” declares the LORD,” plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and future Jeremiah 29:11 Thai Nguyen, October 2019 Alysza Villene Abustan Oandasan Student iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Chapter I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Objectives and the Goals 1.2.1 Employer’s Objectives 1.2.2 Student Intern’s Objectives 1.2.3 Farm’s Objectives 1.2.4 The Goals of the Farm 1.3 Contents of Work 1.3.1 Post harvesting 1.3.2 Harvesting 1.4 Profile of the Cooperating Agency and Farm 1.4.1 Brief Introduction of the Cooperating Agency and Farm 1.4.1.1 Cooperating Agency 1.4.1.1.1 History of ITC 1.4.1.1.2 International Training and Development Center (ITC) Mission 1.4.1.2 Farm 1.4.2 Background of the training supervisor/ owner and his/her position 10 1.4.3 Frequency meeting with the training supervisor/owner 10 1.5 Description of the Activities 10 1.5.1 Work Plan 10 Chapter II: LITERATURE REVIEW 13 2.1 International Literature Review 13 2.2 National Literature Review 18 Chapter III: METHODOLOGY 21 3.1 Materials needed during the student’s OJT 21 v 3.2 Time in the working place 23 3.2.1 Duration of the Internship 23 3.2.1.1 The working hours 23 3.2.1.2 Total months of work 23 3.2.1.2.1 Based on contract 23 3.2.1.2.2 Month’s that only consumed 23 3.3Fruit harvest season 23 3.4 Location of the fruits that harvested 24 3.4.1 Strawberry 24 3.4.2 Cherry 24 3.4.3.Plum 24 3.4.4 Apples 24 3.4.5 Grapes 24 3.5 Five Kinds of Fruit Analysis 25 Chapter IV: RESULTS, DISCUSSION AND LESSON LEARNED 26 4.1 Discussion 26 4.1.1 The number of hectares that the fruit farm have 26 4.1.2 The problem that the farm have and/or happened 26 4.2 Lesson Learned 27 4.2.1 Did all the objectives achieved during the OJT 27 4.2.2 Skills learned throughout the Internship 28 4.2.3 Work Experience/ Challenges Experience/Observation 28 4.3 Self-Assessment/ Result 35 4.3.1 Did the Internship contribute to the student’s academic, personal development and reach personal goals? 35 4.3.2 How the student value the overall result of the OJT? 35 Chapter V:CONCLUSION 36 REFERENCES: 38 APPENDIECES 42 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure : Tools and Equipment……………………………………………… 22 Figure : Strawberry………………………………………………………… 29 Figure : A Deformed Strawberry…………………………………………… 29 Figure : Cherry……………………… …………………………………… 30 Figure : Plum………………………………………………………………….30 Figure : Apples………………………………………… ………………… 31 Figure 7: A Deformed Apple……………………………………………………33 Figure 8: Grapes…………………………………………………………… …33 Figure : Aligning of the grapes’ stem……………………………………… 34 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Schedule to follow………… ……………………………………… 11 Table 2: Work Plan in English version…………………………………………12 Table 3: Gant chart of fruit harvest season……… ………………………… 23 Table 4: Fruit Analysis……………………………………………………….…25 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CO2 Carbon dioxide GHG Green House Gas ITC International Training and Development Center TUAF Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry ZAV Zentrale Auslands- und Fachvermittlung In Apples, the trainees or workers need to step on the box to reach all of it from the top of the tree or in the highest part and should always pay attention because the feet might be rolled by the train boxes and when getting the apples it might drop in the face Harvesting apples is one of the dangerous work the workers should always be sensitive and attentive all the time When the train box were almost finish they need to hurry picking because while gathering the apples the driver of the tractor is controlling the machine moving forward and when packing it for selling when you will make all the boxes the pressure is in the hands, Because if there’s not enough boxes the others will wait, the task will be delayed and interrupted (fig.1 and fig.6) an apples that have been harvested Apples are use also as a flavored liqueurs and also for marketing Figure 6: Apples(Äpfel) Note: shown in this figure that the apples were not yet ready, apples that been removes and the time that they were harvested 31 Figure 7: A Deformed Apple The last is in the Grapes, in harvesting, the interns and employees will always hike to go up, during harvest season they use boxes with slay cart so we will just pull it until we go down but if we will go back from the top we must carry it all and when using the snipping cutter you must look carefully you might cut your finger (figure and fig.9) Figure 8: Grapes (Wein) Note: in figure and it shown how the grapes how the stems will aligned and when it is getting bigger until the harvest season 33 The last is in the Grapes, in harvesting, the interns and employees will always hike to go up, during harvest season they use boxes with slay cart so we will just pull it until we go down but if we will go back from the top we must carry it all and when using the snipping cutter you must look carefully you might cut your finger (figure and fig.9) Figure 9: Aligning of the grapes’ stem In all, post harvesting and harvesting is a hard work especially you are working under the sun or in a very cold weather for to hours a day yet you will have your way to enjoy, have fun and learn from the other people mainly through the experience that you have been through Every month the trainee made different things Not just harvesting the fruits that need to be harvested in that month but also they’ve been struggling to make things better so that they can have a better harvest and so their boss can have a higher profit During the harvest season (table 3) the employees even the owner not know what will happen if the weather will change 34 4.3 Self-Assessment/ Result 4.3.1 Did the Internship contribute to the student’s academic, personal development and reach personal goals? The personal goals have been reached, the student was accepted in a reputed organization and give an opportunity to train and also to enhanced her knowledge and skills overseas Both scholastic and individual objectives are met, taking into account that this entry level position helped gain more information not only in fruit farming and adapt new things, and fills in as an involvement in a working place and should follow, obey and associate with the colleagues and to the owner, learn from the struggles that you overcome The outcome of this entry level position will be a big help for the future, that is esteemed to a very significant part in beginning as an official occupation and work Set asides all the doubts and fears and think that you can it no matter it takes 4.3.2 How the student value the overall result of the OJT? The apprentice value this internship, they gain more experience and knowledge about fruit farming even though it needs to invest all the effort especially the strength through the work In addition it not only gain knowledge and experience it can also develop yourself as a person as well as conquering your doubts and fears It may seems like easy job well it’s not, As a student the experience what the parents been through the hardship that they’ve been struggling even though having different jobs 35 Chapter V:CONCLUSION In Germany no one can predict the weather, same goes all over the world It was normal that climate change was always happening Nobody can anticipate if when will be the dry season, substantial downpour or something even though it is spring harvest time, winter, summer or autumn The internship was conducted at the southwest part of Germany in Ulm, Renchen, Baden-Württemberg it was a six (6) months on the- job- training in a fruit farm The owner of the farm was Patric Michael Spraul, he is an Obstbauer he was hands-on to all the task that should make in the fruit trees field, Patric the boss and the second in command are hands-on for everything and anything the fruit farm business needs In the said fruit farm they have five (5) different kinds of fruits It is the strawberry, cherry, plum, apple and grapes, they are located in a various places of Renchen, Baden-Württemberg So therefore, the intern student conclude that climate have an enormous impact in Agricultural farming As the trainee observed that when the dry season occurs the fruits like grapes was dried out to the point that there was no more sap while in the apple it was smaller in their usual size and the market price is also getting low About the heavy rains occur it have advantage and disadvantage happened, the advantage was the fruit trees can get more water aside from watering it and the fruits becomes bigger than the normal width and length but the disadvantage was the substantial downpour occur the upper layer of the soil was being removed and it also cause flooding for the trees When the winter season was approaching it was hard to work because of the cold and the trainees and the other workers are freezing while doing their task 36 In the field, the workers tasks was not only harvesting but they also postharvesting They are also hands-on in caring for the fruit trees same goes on transportation and packaging it There were many challenges happen during the on thejob- training there will always ups and downs throughout the training but everything is worth the risk The students, employee even the boss supervisor cannot just learn by only book because the thorough knowledge was in the experiences that have done 37 REFERENCES: Altieri, M A., Nicholls, C I., Henao, A., & Lana, M A (2015) Agroecology and the design of climate change-resilient farming systems Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35(3), 869–890 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-015-0285-2 Bhullar, N K., & Gruissem, W (2013) Nutritional enhancement of rice for human health: The contribution of biotechnology Biotechnology Advances, 31(1), 50–57 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.02.001 Britannica(2019).Plant Strawberry Retrieve from: https://www.britannica.com/plant/strawberry Challinor, A J., Watson, J., Lobell, D B., Howden, S M., Smith, D R., & Chhetri, N (2014) A meta-analysis of crop yield under climate change and adaptation Nature Climate Change, 4(4), 287–291 https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2153 Change, U S C., & Program, S (2008) Backlund.2008.pdf (May) https://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/SAP4_3/CCSPFinalReport.pdf Childers N.F.(2019) Fruit farming Retrieve from: https://www.britannica.com/topic/fruitfarming Chmielewski, F M., Müller, A., & Bruns, E (2004) Climate changes and trends in phenology of fruit trees and field crops in Germany, 1961-2000 Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 121(1–2), 69–78 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00161-8 Chmielewski, F M., & Rötzer, T (2002) Annual and spatial variability of the beginning of growing season in Europe in relation to air temperature changes Climate Research, 19(3), 257–264 https://doi.org/10.3354/cr019257 38 FAO (2016) POST-HARVEST AND AGRO-INDUSTRY GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR Formulation and Operationalization of National Action Plan for Poverty Alleviation and Rural Development through Agriculture (NAPA) Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Ir, (June).p.17-18 http://www.fao.org/3/a-bl837e.pdf Hatfield, J L., Boote, K J., Kimball, B A., Ziska, L H., Izaurralde, R C., Ort, D., … Wolfe, D (2011) Climate impacts on agriculture: Implications for crop production Agronomy Journal, 103(2), 351–370 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0303 Hatfield, J L., & Prueger, J H., (2015) Temperature extremes: Effect on plant growth and development Weather and Climate Extremes, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094715300116#s0005 Houston, L., Capalbo, S., Seavert, C., Dalton, M., Bryla, D., & Sagili, R (2018) Specialty fruit production in the Pacific Northwest: adaptation strategies for a changing climate Climatic Change, 146(1–2), 159–171 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-017-1951-y Hu, H., & Xiong, L (2014) Genetic Engineering and Breeding of Drought-Resistant Crops Annual Review of Plant Biology, 65(1), 715–741 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurevarplant-050213-040000 IPCC.(2014) Adaptation Planning and Implementation In climate change 2014-Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Part A:Global and Sectorial Aspects Working Group II Contribution to the IPCC fifth Assessment Report.p.869 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415379.020 39 Kadir, S., Sidhu, G., & Al-Khatib, K (2006) Strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duch.) growth and productivity as affected by temperature HortScience, 41(6), p.17 https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9b8d/41d8ace1fa2665b1014aa2690dc47176a26f.pdf Körner, C (2006) Significance of Temperature in Plant Life Plant Growth and Climate Change, 48–69 https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470988695.ch3 Lobell, D B., & Field, C B (2007) Global scale climate-crop yield relationships and the impacts of recent warming Environmental Research Letters, 2(1) https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/2/1/014002 Lobell, D B., & Gourdji, S M (2012) The influence of climate change on global crop productivity Plant Physiology, 160(4), 1686–1697 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.208298 Miller, M., Anderson, M., Francis, C., Kruger, C., Barford, C., Park, J., & McCown, B (2013) Critical Research Needs for Successful Food Systems Adaptation to Climate Change Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 3(4), 1– 15 https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2013.034.016 Porter, J H., Parry, M L., & Carter, T R (1991) The potential effects of climatic change on agricultural insect pests Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 57(1–3), 221–240 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(91)90088-8 Sacks, W J., & Kucharik, C J (2011) Crop management and phenology trends in the U.S Corn Belt: Impacts on yields, evapotranspiration and energy balance Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 151(7) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.02.010 40 Stringer, L C., Dyer, J C., Reed, M S., Dougill, A J., Twyman, C., & Mkwambisi, D (2009) Adaptations to climate change, drought and desertification: local insights to enhance policy in southern Africa Environmental Science and Policy, 12(7), 748–765 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2009.04.002 Tol, R S J (2002) Estimates of the Damage Costs of Climate Change 47–73 TUAF (2012) International Training and development Center Retrieve from: http://tuaf.edu.vn/en-Us/article/international-training-development-center-12.html Umweltbundesamt (2013) Climate energy climate change adaptation field of action agriculture Retrieve from: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/topics/climateenergy/climate-change-adaptation/field-of-action-agriculture WIKIPEDIA(n.d.) Zentrale Auslands- und Fachvermittlung Retrieve from: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zentrale_Auslands-_und_Fachvermittlung Zebisch, M (2005) English: www.umweltbundesamt.org/fpdf-l/2974.pdf – German: www.umweltbundesamt.org/fpdf-l/2947.pdf Zinoni, F., Antolini, G., Campisi, T., Marletto, V., & Rossi, F (2002) Characterisation of Emilia-Romagna region in relation with late frost risk Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 27(23–24), 1091–1101 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-7065(02)00145-6 41 APPENDIECES 42 43 44 45 46 ... Frankfurt am Main in Germany In Germany, it is the nation with the longest custom in natural cultivating and showcasing for health products At South Western part of Germany in BadenWürttemberg,... take over the business at the year 1976 they did not continue the animal farming and he just focus on fruit farming and they expand their land to grow more and different kinds of fruits Until Peter’s... storage planning to maintain quality, preparation and sale of the top, mowing ditches and organizing the water drainage for the winter Patric Spraul Patric Spraul Patric Spraul Patric Spraul