Organization and Identity Organization and Identity provides an exploration of identity as a contemporary concern in everyday life and as a key concept in the social sciences, particularly focusing on how ideas about identity can be applied to organization and management studies The contributors to this volume use and develop recent philosophical thought on the nature of identity to ask questions about the key social divisions of gender, class and nation, such as whether we are able to write our own identity stories or if we remain bound by social constraints and inequalities The book fulfils three objectives: it confronts established notions and assumptions about identity and its relevance to organization and management; it looks critically and in detail at the performance of identity in different contexts; and it explores beyond current understandings of identity, asking whether identity itself is a concept which now only has a history The chapters in this collection bring approaches from contemporary philosophy into the area of organization theory and critically assess their relevance and impact in a way which interrupts identity as a notion Alison Pullen is Senior Lecturer in Critical Management and Director of the PhD programme in the Department of Management Studies at the University of York She is the co-author of Thinking Organization (also with Stephen Linstead, Routledge 2005) and has published in several journals on issues including organizational change and poststructuralist feminism Stephen Linstead is Professor of Critical Management and Head of the Critical Management Studies Group at the University of York He was previously Director of Research, and Professor of Organizational Analysis, Durham Business School, University of Durham He has published widely on organizational aesthetics, language, philosophy, qualitative methodology, gender and sexuality and is the author of Text/Work (Routledge 2003) He is an Academician at the Academy of the Social Sciences and co-edits the journal Culture and Organization Routledge studies in business organizations and networks Democracy and Efficiency in the Economic Enterprise Edited by Ugo Pagano and Robert Rowthorn Towards a Competence Theory of the Firm Edited by Nicolai J.Foss and Christian Knudsen Uncertainty and Economic Evolution Essays in honour of Armen A.Alchian Edited by John R.Lott Jr The End of the Professions? The restructuring of professional work Edited by Jane Broadbent, Michael Dietrich and Jennifer Roberts Shopfloor Matters Labor-management relations in twentieth-century American manufacturing David Fairris The Organisation of the Firm International business perspectives Edited by Ram Mudambi and Martin Ricketts Organizing Industrial Activities Across Firm Boundaries Anna Dubois Economic Organisation, Capabilities and Coordination Edited by Nicolai Foss and Brian J.Loasby The Changing Boundaries of the Firm Explaining evolving inter-firm relations Edited by Massimo G.Colombo 10 Authority and Control in Modern Industry Theoretical and empirical perspectives Edited by Paul L.Robertson 11 Interfirm Networks Organization and industrial competitiveness Edited by Anna Grandori 12 Privatization and Supply Chain Management Andrew Cox, Lisa Harris and David Parker 13 The Governance of Large Technical Systems Edited by Olivier Coutard 14 Stability and Change in High-Tech Enterprises Organisational practices and routines Neil Costello 15 The New Mutualism in Public Policy Johnston Birch all 16 An Econometric Analysis of the Real Estate Market and Investment Peijie Wang 17 Managing Buyer-Supplier Relations The winning edge through specification management Rajesh Nellore 18 Supply Chains, Markets and Power Mapping buyer and supplier power regimes Andrew Cox, Paul Ireland, Chris Lonsdale, Joe Sanderson and Glyn Watson 19 Managing Professional Identities Knowledge, performativity, and the ‘new’ professional Edited by Mike Dent and Stephen Whitehead 20 A Comparison of Small and Medium Enterprises in Europe and in the USA Solomon Karmel and Justin Bryon 21 Workaholism in Organizations Antecedents and consequences Ronald, J.Burke 22 The Construction Industry An international comparison Edited by Gerhard Bosch and Peter Philips 23 Economic Geography of Higher Education Knowledge, infrastructure and learning regions Edited by Roel Rutten, Frans Boekema and Elsa Kuijpers 24 Economies of Network Industries Hans-Werner Gottinger 25 The Corporation Investment, mergers and growth Dennis C.Mueller 26 Industrial and Labour Market Policy and Performance Issues and perspectives Edited by Dan Coffey and Carole Thornley 27 Organization and Identity Edited by Alison Pullen and Stephen Linstead 28 Thinking Organization Edited by Stephen Linstead and Alison Linstead 29 Information Warfare in Business Strategies of control and resistance in the network society Iain Munro 30 Business Clusters An international perspective Martin Perry 31 Markets in Fashion A phenomenological approach Patrik Aspers Organization and Identity Edited by Alison Pullen and Stephen Linstead LONDON AND NEW YORK First published 2005 by Routledge Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005 “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.” © 2005 Alison Pullen and Stephen Linstead selection and editorial matter; the contributors their contributions All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN 0-203-30008-4 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-35001-4 (Adobe e-Reader Format) ISBN 0-415-32231-6 (Print Edition) Contents Contributors Acknowledgments Introduction: organizing identity ALISON PULLEN AND STEPHEN LINSTEAD PART I Confronting identity: selves and others Now where was I? Questioning assumptions of consistent identity NIC BEECH AND PETER MCINNES Theorizing narrative identity: symbolic interactionism and hermeneutics DOUGLAS EZZY Self and other in everyday existence: a mystery not a problem BOGDAN COSTEA AND LUCAS D.INTRONA Living a story and storying a life: a narrative understanding of the distributed self DAVID SIMS PART II Performing identities: selves for others Career as a project of the self and labour process discipline CHRISTOPHER GREY Fetish failures: interrupting the subject and the other STEFFEN G.BÖHM The mission statement as epideictic rhetoric: celebrating organisational identity PETER M.HAMILTON Other work: a dividual enterprise PER BÄCKIUS ix xiv 18 20 40 55 77 94 96 114 148 166 PART III After identity…?: selves in question 10 Beyond happy families: a critical re-evaluation of the control-resistanceidentity triangle YIANNIS GABRIEL 11 Casting the other to the ends of the Earth: marginal identity in organisation studies STEPHEN LINSTEAD, STEWART CLEGG AND GRAHAM SEWELL 12 Making global subjects: diasporic identity as a media event GOLDIE OSURI AND BOBBY BANERJEE 13 Fluid identities and ungendering the future STEPHEN LINSTEAD AND ALISON PULLEN 14 Identity aesthetics: asymmetry and the assault on order ROBERT GRAFTON-SMALL 181 183 204 223 242 270 Author index 278 Subject index 292 Contributors Per Bäckius teaches and researches at Gotland University and at Stockholm University School of Business His main area of interest concerns the role of philosophy, art and figures of thought in business and economic life He has been working on beggary, uncertainty, entertainment and the individual as important figures of thought for understanding human endeavour and he is currently completing a study on gambling Bobby Banerjee is Professor of Strategic Management and Director of the PhD Program at the University of South Australia in Adelaide He has taught at the University of Massachusetts as well as at the University of Wollongong where he headed the doctoral program, and RMIT University where he was Director of the Doctor of Business Administration program His research interests are in the areas of sustainable development, corporate environmentalism, socio-cultural aspects of globalization, postcolonial theories and Indigenous ecology He has published in several international journals, including the Journal of Marketing, Human Relations, Organization, Organization Studies, Journal of Management Studies, Journal of Advertising and Management Learning Nic Beech is Professor of Management Studies at Strathclyde Graduate School of Business where he is also Director of Research Nic’s current research is focused on the construction of individual and group identity at work and the problems and possibilities that arise from such constructions His research has been published in journals including Human Relations, Organization Studies and the Journal of Applied Behavioural Science Nic chairs the British Academy of Management Special Interest Group on Identity, is a senior editor of Organization Studies, and is co-author of three books on HRM and Management Learning Steffen G.Böhm is Lecturer in Management and PhD Director in the Department of Accounting Finance and Management at the University of Essex He holds degrees from Lancaster University and Warwick, where he obtained his PhD in 2003 A founding editor of the electronic journal, ephemera: critical dialogues on organization, his research interests encompass the political philosophy of organization, alternative organizational forms and futures, the organization of resistance and social movements, the critique of automobility and other contemporary transport regimes, and art and organization A frequent contributor to conferences, he has organized or co-organized several international workshops or conference streams at such colloquia as the European Group for Organization Studies, the Art of Management and Critical Management Studies The undecidable Stewart Clegg was nevertheless born in Bradford, England, and migrated to Australia in 1976, after completing a first degree at the University of Aston (1971) and a Doctorate at Bradford University (1974) Previously he has held positions at the University of St Andrews, Scotland; University of New England, NSW; University of Western Sydney, in all of which he was Professor and Head of Author index 282 Easlea, B 270, 295 Eco, U 95, 103 Ecstavasia, A 291, 295 Eden, D 230, 242 Edwards, L 102, 103 Edwards, R 200, 218 Egri, C.P 231, 242 Ellis, A 90, 103 Emler, N 125 Engels, F 160 Eshun, E 305, 306 Evans, W 44, 53, 54, 58 Evetts, J 109, 125 Ewald, F 124, 125 Ezzamel, M 23, 26, 41 Ezzy, D vii, 10, 43 Fannie, M 68, 83 Farley, T 306 Favre, G 68, 83 Fernandez, J.P 56, 83 Fields, R 246, 264 Fineman, S 5, 154, 158, 210, 212, 218 Finkelstein, N 298, 299, 301, 302, 306 Firat, A.F 214, 218 Firestein, B.A 282, 283, 295 Fisk, R 256, 264 Fitzgerald, G 264 Flusser, V 301, 306 Foss, D.C 243 Foss, K.A 167, 179 Foss, S.K 167, 179 Foucault, M 4, 7, 108, 109, 125, 144, 185, 188, 193, 194, 200, 204, 207, 211, 216, 218, 233, 241, 270, 271, 281, 295 Fox, S 108, 125 Frame, P 164, 179 Frankenberg, R 247, 248, 264 Freud, S 142, 143, 145, 155, 158, 159, 209, 217, 218, 275 Friedman, J 2, 5, 18 Frith, F 240, 242 Frow, J 255, 264 Frye, C.N 54, 58 Fryer, P 229, 242 Fukayama, F 256, 264 Fullerton, J 63, 65, 67–74, 84 Fulop, L 240, 242, 243 Gabriel, Y viii, 15, 88, 90, 91, 103, 142, 155, 157–9, 199, 201, 202, 207, 210, 212, 213, 215, 217– 19 Gabros, JJ 84 Author index 283 Garavan, T.N 164, 179 Garber, M 269, 284, 295 Gardner, W.L 24, 41 Garfunkel, H 1, 3, 18, 231, 236 Gatens, M 269, 295 Gergen, K 24, 35, 37, 41, 43, 54, 58 Gergen, M 24, 35, 37, 43, 54, 58 Gherardi, S 291, 296 Ghoshal, S 3, 18 Gibson, G 53, 59 Giddens, A 108, 109, 124, 125, 215, 219 Gill, A 176, 179 Ginsburg, G 56 Gioia, D 166, 179 Glaister, K.W 164, 167 Glasser, B 44, 46, 58 Glassman, M 179 Gleber, A 152, 158 GlücklerJ 154, 158 Goffee, R 42 Goffman, E 1, 2, 4, 10, 18, 25, 37, 41, 43, 44, 52–6, 58, 231 Goleman, D 2, 4, 35, 41, 52–5 Gordon, C 125, 193, 194 Gorz, A 210, 219 Gouldner, A.E 213, 219 Grafton-Small, R viii, 2, 17, 18, 234, 241, 243, 297, 298 Grant, D 180 Gray, J 229, 242 Greene, A.M 65, 84 Grey, C viii, 2, 12, 107, 201, 207, 211, 213, 219 Griffiths, A 230, 242 Gropius, W 298, 302, 306 Grosz, E.A 17, 169, 180, 233, 242, 267, 269, 271, 272, 273, 275, 276, 279, 280, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 296 Guattari, F 4, 16, 17, 131, 150, 151, 158, 159, 184, 192, 193, 266, 267, 269, 270, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 293, 295 Gubrium, J.F 51, 58, 87, 93, 103 Habermas, J 146 Hackett, P 302, 306 Hadfield, P 243 Hage, G 247, 264 Haggis, J 246, 264 Hains, S.C 25, 41 Hamacher, W 189, 194 Hamilton, P.M viii, 13, 14, 162, 167, 169, 180 Hampton, M 294 Hancock, P 2, 3, 18, 267, 296 Hanson, P 262 Hardt, M 238, 242, 280, 296 Hardy, B 27, 91, 95, 103, 231, 234, 242 Author index 284 Hardy, C.M 2, 7, 41, 243 Harlow, E 233, 243 Harper, R 113, 114, 120, 125 Harré, R 98 Hartog, M 164, 179 Hartsthorne, C Hassard, J 2, 18, 203, 219 Hatch, M.J 1, 2, 7, 8, 18, 166, 178, 180 Hatfield, J 243 Hattem, R 154 Haughland, S.N 40 Hauser, G 170, 180 Hayward, H 240, 242 Hearn, J 233, 243 Heelas, P 64, 83 Hegel, G.F Heidegger, M 10, 11, 50, 58, 61, 75–8, 82, 83, 151, 158, 159 Heller, T.C 182, 194 Henderson, G 65, 83 Henry, J 306 Herdt, G 281–4, 296 Herrick, J.A 168, 175, 180 Hersey, P 24, 35, 41 Hill, S 40, 221 Hirschorn, L 201, 209, 219 Hislop, D 160 Hitchens, C 169, 180 Hobbs, D 227, 243 Hochschild, A.R 209, 219 Hogg, M.A 25, 41 Hoh, B 260, 264 Holland, J.L 24, 41 Holstein, J.A 51, 58, 87, 93, 103 Hopfl, H 214, 219, 235 Horkheimer, M 153, 157 Houston, B 179 Huczynski, A 175, 180 Hughes, C 270, 296 Hughes, R 232, 237, 243 Humphreys, M 37, 41 Huxham, C 27, 40 Iacocca, L 99, 104 Introna, L.D vii, 10, 60 Irigaray, L 272, 275, 296 Ithaka, O 95 Izraeli, D.N 65, 83 Jackson, B 167, 180 James, H 297, 298 Jamieson, L 125 Author index 285 Janis, I.L 25, 41 Jarry, A 184, 193, 194 Jay, G 262 Jeffcutt, P 27, 41, 203, 219 Jenkins, W.A 41 Jermier, J.M 204, 211, 219, 220 Johnson, G 16, 61, 80 Jones, D 304, 305, 306 Jones, G 42 Jones, T 98, 104 Jonsson, S 158, 159 Josselson, R 89, 104 Joyce, P 166, 180 Kafka, F 127–31, 137, 148, 149, 151, 155, 158, 159 Kamoche, K.N 241, 243 Kandola, R 63, 65, 67–74, 84 Kant, I 188 Karreman, D 36, 39, 42 Katovich, M 58 Katzenbach, J.R 23, 24, 42 Kawabata, Y 300, 306 Kearney, R 91, 95–7, 102, 104 Keenoy, T 180 Kellner, D 2, 5, 18 Kelly, P 258, 259, 264 Kemp, P 51, 58 Kennedy, A.A 23, 41 Kennedy, G 169, 170, 175, 180 Kennedy, L 256, 257, 263, 264 Keranan, L 162, 173, 176, 178, 180 Kerfoot, D 108, 125, 269, 296 Kets de Vries, M.F.R 201, 219 Khan, S 303, 306 Kirton, G 65, 84 Klein, R 302, 303, 306 Kluver, B 299, 300, 301, 302, 304, 305, 306 Knights, D 1, 18, 107, 108, 125, 126, 200, 202, 204, 207, 219, 220, 240, 269, 296 Koestler, A 206 Kohlhoff, K 300, 306 Kohli, C 166, 180 Kojève, A Koolhas, R 299, 300, 301, 303, 304, 305, 306 Kosinski, J 194 Krantz, J 201, 202 Krone, J 162, 180 Kroker, A 275, 296 Kroker, M 275, 296 Kunda, G 210, 220 Kwon, S 3, 14, 17 Author index 286 Lacan, J 12, 127, 130, 132, 133, 134, 138, 142, 143, 145, 147, 152, 155, 156, 158, 159, 275 Lachs, J 83, 84 Laclau, E 150, 151, 158 LaNeuz, D 211, 220 Lang, T 202, 209, 219 Langer, L 54, 58 Lasch, C 209, 220 Lash, S 135, 137, 147, 158, 159, 193, 194, 274, 296 Latour, B 231 Leach, E 303, 306 Legge, K 204, 207, 220 Leinberger, P 187, 194 Letiche, H 8, 18, 154, 158, 159 Leuthesser, L 166, 180 Lévinas, E 3, 4, 11, 51, 75, 78, 79, 80, 81, 83, 84 Lewis, P 110, 125 Libeskind, D 298, 306 Lieblich, A 89, 104 Liff, S 65, 84 Lilley, S 243 Linde, C 86, 93, 94, 104 Lindholm, C 207, 209, 220 Linstead, A 19, 26, 42, 296 Linstead, S.A i, v, vi, vii, viii, 2, 16, 17, 18, 26, 42, 167, 181, 223, 229, 232, 234, 240, 241, 243, 266, 267, 268, 269, 275, 276, 285, 289, 291, 294, 296 Lister, S 243 Lloyd, G 270, 296 Luckman, T 25, 41, 133, 156, 158, 159 Luhmann, N 25, 133, 156, 158, 159, 188, 194 Lupton, T 211, 220 Luscombe, D.E 193, 194 Lynch, R 165, 180 McAffe, R.B 179 McCall, G 46, 58 McClintock, A 249, 264 Maccoby, M 183, 187, 194 McGahan, A.M 165, 178 McGuire, D 164, 179 McHugh, P 174, 181, 239, 240, 243 Mclnnes, P vii, 10, 23 McIntyre, A 43, 58, 91, 104 McKee, R 89, 104 McKinlay, A 2, 18 McNee, F 251, 264 McSwite, O.C 155, 160 Maddock, S 164, 180 Mae, F 68, 83 Mael, F Maines, D 43, 44, 47, 53, 54, 58 Mannheim, K 156 Author index 287 Marcel, G 83 Marcuse, H 205, 209, 220 Marsden, R 200, 220 Martin, J 23, 25, 35, 42 Martinko, M.J 24, 41 Marx, K 61, 136, 139, 140, 141, 144, 145, 146, 147, 154, 156, 160, 182, 192, 206 Mason, E.S 201, 209, 220 Mayo, E 15, 200, 223, 227, 237 Mazza, C 178, 180 Mead, G.H 1, 2, 6, 10, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 58, 188, 194 Merleau-Ponty, M 91 Merton, R Meyer, J.W 191, 193, 194 Miethe, T.D 211, 221 Milgram, S 25, 42 Miller, D 65, 84 Miller, N 126 Miller, P 107, 108, 124, 125, 126 Mills, A.J 228, 243 Minh-Ha, T.T 252, 264 Missac, P 160 Mitchell, W.J.T 140, 160 Mkhonza, S 55, 58 Moore, S 246, 264 Morgan, D 124, 126, 202, 209, 220, 240 Morgan, G 124, 221, 240 Morleau-Robinson, A 200, 264 Morris, C 191, 193, 194 Mouffe, C 150, 151, 158 Mullane, J.V 164, 180 Mullins, L 165, 180 Mumby, D.K 201, 220 Murakami, H 301, 302, 306 Musil, R 151, 160 Musson, G 181 Nahapiet, J 3, 18 Negri, A 238, 280, 296 Nemerov, H 191, 194 Newell, S 160 Nietzsche, F 51, 188, 189, 191, 193, 194, 279 Nonaka, I 147, 157, 160 Nord, W.R 219, 242 Nordström, K.A 187, 194 Ochberg, R 88, 99, 100, 104 O’Connor, E.S 227, 243 O’Farrell, C 241, 243 Ogbonna, E 202, 220 Oglensky, B.D 201, 209, 210, 220 Olbrechts-Tyteca, L 175, 177 Author index 288 O’Leary, T 107, 126 Olkowski, D 17, 267, 280, 296 O’Reilly, C.A 24, 42 Orobio de Castro, I 284, 296 Orton, F 87, 103 O’Shea, A 278, 296 Osuri, G viii, 8, 15, 226, 243, 244, 263, 264 Oswick, C 180 Parker, M 23, 25, 35, 42, 164, 165, 167, 181, 203, 204, 205, 207, 209, 219, 220 Parkhurst-Fergusson, P 152, 160 Parsons, T Paterson, B 243 Patton, G.K 40 Peccei, R 221 Peppers, D 187, 194 Perelman, C.H 171, 174, 177, 181 Perera, S 247, 250, 254, 261, 262, 264, 265 Peters, T.S 182, 187, 194, 210, 205, 220 Pierce, C 44 Pietz, W 140, 141, 160 Pile, S 5, 18 Pinfield, L.T 231, 243 Pinha e Cunha, M 243 Pirsig, R Poe, E.A 182, 195 Polhemus, T 160 Polkinghorne, D 53, 58 Porac, J 2, 19 Porter, M 165, 167 Power, M 111, 126 Prasch, T 141, 157 Propp, V 27, 42 Pryke, M 18 Pucci, E 49, 57, 58 Puglise, J 247, 250, 265 Pullen, A i, v, vi, vii, viii, 2, 16, 18, 266, 285 Purcel, J 204, 210 Putnam, L.L 201, 220 Quinn, M 298, 306 Raffel, S 243 Ram, M 154, 160 Randall, H 160 Rasmussen, D 55, 59 Ray, C.A 201, 221 Redding, S.G 227, 242 Reilly, S 175, 181 Reinhraz, S 55, 59 Reynolds, R 164, 181 Author index 289 Richman, J 172, 181 Ricoeur, P 10, 43, 44, 46, 48–57, 59 Ridderstrale, J 187 Rigby, D.K 162, 181 Ritzer, G 2, 18, 201, 220 Roberts, K 125 Roberts, R.H 62, 64, 68, 84 Robertson, R 252, 265 Robins, S.P 70, 84, 230, 231, 243 Rogers, M 187, 194 Roosevelt, T.R 65, 84 Roscoe, W 285, 286, 296 Rose, N 107, 108, 124, 126, 187, 190, 195, 285 Rosenthal, R 202, 221 Rosenwald, G 57, 59 Rothschild, J 211, 221 Roy, D 211, 221 Sahlins, M 181 Said, E.W 245, 265 Sakolsky, R 107, 126, 200, 221 Salaman, G 23, 25, 41, 42, 202 Sarbin, T 43, 59 Sartre, J.P 232 Sass, L 56, 59 Scarborough, H 160 Schech, S 264 Schlosser, E 302, 303, 304, 306 Schoeck, R.J 169, 181 Scholes, K 166, 180 Schuijt, J.J.M 154, 160 Schultz, M 1, 2, 7, 8, 18, 166, 178, 179, 180 Schutz, A 3, 25, 42 Schuyt, T.N.M 154, 160 Schwartz, H.S 155, 160, 201, 203, 204, 207, 209, 210, 214, 221 Scott, D.T 84 Seabrook, J 204, 218 Sedgwick, E.K 282, 296 Semler, R 23, 42 Sennett, R 186, 195 Sewell, G viii, 15, 107, 126, 200, 204, 205, 211, 221, 223 Shattuck, R 191, 193, 195 Shiveley, M.G 281, 295 Sibley, D 5, 19 Sievers, B 207, 221 Silverman, D 27, 35, 42, 214, 243 Simmell, G 232, 284 Simmen, J 300, 306 Simmons, J 46, 58 Simons, H.W 164, 169, 181 Sims, D vii, 11, 12, 86, 89, 96, 102, 104 Author index 290 Sinan, M 214, 222 Sisson, K 164, 181 Slaughter, J 204, 220 Slogoski, B 56, 59 Smircich, L 2, 18, 201, 209, 221, 231, 242 Smith, D.K 23, 24, 42 Smith, J.H 227, 243 Snowden, D.J 5, 19 Snyder, M 97, 104 Somers, M 53, 59 Sonnenschien, W 65, 84 Stael Von Holstein, J 187, 195 Stavrakakis, Y 133, 152, 160 Stein, H.F 97, 104 Stevenson, R.L 198, 195 Stitch, A 65, 84 Stone, A.R 269, 296 Stonehouse, G 179 Strauss, A 44, 46, 58, 59 Strindberg, A 14, 189, 190, 195 Sturdy, A 98, 104, 201, 202, 204, 209, 212, 214, 218, 221 Suerdem, A 214, 222 Sugrue, N 58 Suh, E.M 98, 104 Sullivan, D.L 108 Swan, J 157, 160 Tajfel, H 25, 42 Takeuchi, H 147, 157, 160 Taussig, M 141, 146, 153, 160 Taylor, C 43, 59, 64, 84 Terry, D.J 25, 41 Tester, K 137, 160 Thomas, H 2, 19 Thomas, R 2, 18, 19, 26, 42, 269, 279, 296 Thompson, P 155, 157, 174, 181, 200, 210, 222, 240, 243 Thrift, N 5, 18, 64, 84 Tietze, S 167 Townley, B 1, 19, 108, 126, 152, 160, 165, 181, 200, 204, 206, 207, 222 Trahir, R.C.S 227, 243 Trapp, R 179 Truss, C 25, 42 Tschumi, B 301, 303, 304, 306 Tucker, B 187 Turner, B.S 24, 40 Turner, J.C 25, 40, 42, 266 Tyler, M 3, 18, 267, 296 Ulmer, J 43, 58 Urry, J 274, 296 Author index 291 Van Hattem, R 158 Venkatesh, A 2, 14, 222 Vieira da Cunha, J 243 Virilio, P 16, 137, 160, 262, 298, 306 Von Hayek, F.A 243 Vurdubakis, T 200, 207, 220 Wajcman, J 65, 84, 274, 281, 296 Warhol, A 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 306 Wark, M 16, 251, 252, 253, 262, 265 Warren, S 270, 296 Waterman, R.H 201, 205, 220 Watson, T.J 23, 26, 42, 96, 104, 167, 181, 205, 209, 210, 222 Webb, J 65, 85 Weber, S 118, 151, 160 Weedon, C 269 Weick, K.E 2, 3, 19, 87, 89, 104, 234 Weigel, S 152, 153, 160 Wellbery, D.E 182, 194 Werr, A 154, 158 Westwood, R 167, 181, 228, 243 Whetten, D.A White, H 43, 59 Whitehead, S 293 Wiersma, J 57, 59 Wilcox, P 251, 265 Wiley, N 44, 45, 59 Wilkinson, B 107, 126, 200, 202, 204, 205, 211, 220, 221 Williams, P 26, 36, 42 Willis, P 113, 126 Willmott, H.C 1, 3, 5, 6, 17, 18, 19, 26, 27, 37, 40, 41, 42, 201, 204, 205, 208, 209, 210, 211, 214, 222, 240 Wilson, E 160, 232 Winlow, S 227, 243 Wolfe, I 300, 306 Wolff, J 152, 161 Woodward, K 166, 181 Worchel, S 25, 42 Worthington, F 41 Wright, P 171, 181 Zaleznik, A 201, 221 Zanetti, L.A 142, 155, 158 Zemke, R 65, 85 Zita, J.K 281, 286 Žižek, S 13, 127, 129, 140, 144–8, 152, 158, 161 Znaniecki, F 43 Zuboff, S 205, 222 Subject index activist-intellectuals 248 aesthetics 139 allegorical 131, 132, 135–7, 141, 148, 150–5 allegory 135, 152 anthropology 17, 60, 75, 140, 154, 228, 262, 267, 269, 280, 286, 292, 293 aporias 61 asymmetry 298, 301, 304 berdaches 285, 286 binary 16, 17, 266–8, 276–89, 292 biological 71, 133, 134, 231, 250, 267, 269, 271, 277–9 bisexual 278–83, 287, 292 boundary 266 capital 4, 139, 140, 155, 174, 228, 232, 240, 257, 285 capitalism 64, 71, 137, 139, 140, 144, 186, 200, 205, 206, 212, 226–9, 239, 247, 274 change xiii, 51, 67, 68, 183, 203, 209, 215, 216, 268, 270, 276, 277, 280, 282, 283, 303 collective 2, 10, 16, 17, 62, 63, 65, 129, 131, 142, 150, 164–7, 203, 204, 235, 244, 245, 279, 288, 302 colonial 213–15, 224, 232, 245–50, 256, 260 commodity 13, 127, 129, 134–50, 154–7 concept i, 1, 2, 3, 4, 14, 23, 25, 39, 53, 60, 61, 65, 67, 69, 73–5, 79, 86, 88, 89, 91, 101, 109, 110, 115, 118, 122, 124, 139, 144, 151, 165, 184–8, 191, 202, 206, 211, 216, 231, 234, 241, 245, 252, 268, 273, 274, 277, 282 conceptualisation 44, 64, 66, 127, 165, 167, 185, 186, 188, 244, 267, 268, 286 control 69, 116, 119, 205, 206, 210–13, 216, 217, 225, 230, 254 corporate 1, 2, 5, 32, 37, 62, 64–7, 163, 186, 199, 200, 202, 205, 209, 210, 214, 216 corporeal 277, 278 creative 17, 66 critical i, x, 164, 230, 240, culture i, ix, xi, xiii, 1, 9, 11, 23, 24, 26, 27, 23, 40, 53, 55, 60–4, 66, 68–70, 72, 73, 82, 93, 96, 108, 110, 113, 140, 141, 144–7, 155, 166, 178, 193, 199, 201, 203, 204, 209, 210, 213, 223, 224, 232–8, 247–53, 256, 257, 262, 269–72, 282, 283, 285, 286, 289, 292, 293, 298, 301, 303, 305 democracy 24, 146, 213, 239, 250, 258, 259 demonstrative 170 desire 35, 39, 72, 79, 95, 96, 110, 135, 141, 150, 189, 190, 209, 266, 267, 269, 274, 275, 277–81, 289, 291, 292 determinism 277 diaspora 16, 244, 245, 248–50, 253–6, 261, 262 discipline 12, 107, 109–12, 115–17, 122–4, 170, 188, 193, 199, 203, 204, 206, 208, 211, 213, 214, 233, 253, 267, 270, 298, 302 Subject index 293 discourse 2, 6, 14, 26, 27, 36, 51, 60, 62, 68, 70, 123, 148, 149, 156, 168, 171, 173, 177, 184, 200, 202, 205–10, 213, 215, 216, 218, 229, discourse continued 232, 233, 245, 247–55, 258, 260, 261, 263, 279, 285, 289 discrimination 62, 63, 67, 68, 71, 211, 231, 260 discursive 4, 6, 7, 9, 12, 16, 107, 109, 124, 135, 206, 232, 245, 246, 249, 250, 259, 261, 281, 284 disempower 61 disperse 76 diversity 2, 3, 10, 11, 15, 60–3, 65–75, 77, 78, 82, 83, 111, 112, 207, 223, 224, 226, 234, 251, 256, 259, 261, 286, 288 dividual 182, 198, 190, 192, 193 dominant 5, 25, 33, 55, 60, 64, 73, 146, 170, 185, 199, 209, 233, 247, 251–3, 256, 258, 268, 273, 276, 280, 281, 286, 300 dramaturgical 1, 4, duality 164, 202, 282, 289, 290, 292, 302 dynamism 2, 5, 26, 40, 74, 75, 77, 78, 212, 281, 284 dysphoria 281 ecology ix, 283 emancipation 7, 61–3, 66–8, 191, 262, 289 empowerment 7, 62, 70, 74, 183 enunciation 129–31 epideitic 13, 162, 169–77 epistemology 7, 10, 57, 226, 239, 240, 268, 287, 292 ethics xiii, 11, 55, 62, 66, 72, 75, 78, 79, 81, 185, 227, 287 ethnic 5, 63, 65, 68, 71, 82, 124, 245, 247, 262 ethnocentric 226 ethnographical 285 ethnomethodology existential 74–6 fantasy 62, 129, 150, 201, 214–17, 291 feminism i, 17, 155, 233, 267–70, 270–2, 277–80, 287, 289, 291, 293 fetish 13, 127, 137, 139–50, 154, 156, 157, 291 flow 142 fluidity xii, 3, 16, 17, 52, 75, 77, 86, 235, 266–72, 277, 281–3, 286, 287, 292 flux 8, 303 functionalist 275 gender i, xiii, 5, 6, 7, 16, 17, 34, 65, 66, 68, 71, 82, 155, 202, 205, 231, 233, 250, 252, 266–71, 276–8, 281, 282, 284–93 genocidal 248, 257 global ix, 1, 2, 15, 16, 66, 137, 138, 175, 200, 226, 227, 229, 238, 244–55, 259, 260, 261, 262, 284, 298 hegemony 24, 224, 228 hermenutic 10, 43, 49, 51, 56, 57, 77 heroism 54, 258 heterarchical 278 heterogeneous 70, 73, 288, 290, 293 heterosexual 273, 283 Subject index 294 hierarchy 110, 116, 120, 122, 203, 217, 270, 280, 288, 290, 293, 298 hippocratic 173, 176 homogenous 11, 27, 61, 63, 69, 70, 72, 113, 122, 232, 276, 281, 293 homosexual 122, 281–3 hypermodern(organ)isation 13, 127, 137 idealisation 13, 64, 68, 70, 73, 186 identity i, ix, xi, xiii, 1–10, 12–16, 21, 23–8, 30–4, 36–40, 43, 44, 46, 47, 50–7, 71, 88–90, 98, 99, 105–9, 117, 119, 127, 132–5, 143, 144, 148–52, 162, 163, 165–8, 173–8, 186, 197, 200, 202, 204– 8, 211, 212, 214–16, 223, 226, 231, 236, 244–9, 257, 259, 266–70, 277–85, 288–93, 298, 303 imperialism 244 individual ix, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 17, 24–6, 33, 34, 44, 45, 52, 61–8, 71–4, 79, 80, 88, 92, 93, 99, 107–9, 115–18, 123, 129, 131, 132, 134, 141, 143, 149, 156, 157, 171, 182–93, 201, 202, 205–12, 215, 216, 228, 270, 272, 274, 277, 278, 284, 286, 288, 289, 292, 302 industrial 149 institutional 7, 57, 66, 124 interaction 148 intersubjective 10, 43, 52, 57, 93, 157 knowledge 6, 62, 64, 70, 73, 93, 108–13, 119, 133, 137, 144, 147, 157, 173, 189, 201, 206, 211, 230, 267, 271–4, 276, 286, 287, 289, 298 leadership xii, xiv, 9, 10, 28–32, 132, 285 linguistic management i, ix, x, xi, xii, xiii, 1, 2, 5_7, 9–11, 13, 23, 24, 26, 27, 32–4, 36–8, 40, 54, 60–75, 77, 78, 82, 83, 100, 107–15, 118–24, 127, 132, 137, 138, 154, 157, 163–5, 171, 173, 178, 183, 184, 187, 200, 203, 205, 207, 208, 211, 216, 217, 224, 230, 238–40, 275 masculine 155, 233, 267–71, 274, 275, 279, 293 methodology i, x, 10, 29, 57, 88, 168, 216, 230 mission statements 13, 14, 162–78 modernity 5, 13, 108, 127, 129, 131–7, 145, 153, 205, 228, 253, 254 MOSAIC 74, 78 motivation xiv, 64, 121, 167, 275, 286 multiculture 2, 226, 245, 247, 249, 261, 262 multiplicity 8, 17, 52, 98, 101, 102, 200, 207, 217, 231, 267, 269, 270, 276–81, 286–8, 291, 293 mythical 47, 96, 135, 252 narcissism xiii, 5, 6, 151, 193, 201, 216, 217, 235 narrative xi, 2, 4, 7, 10, 16, 27–32, 38, 39, 43, 44, 46–57, 86, 88, 90, 91, 95, 97, 101–3, 133, 152, 187, 215, 240, 251, 252, 255, 257, 259 native 241 normalisation 61, 69, 71, 74, 136, 228 normative 199, 200, 203, 206, 210, 277 objectives 6, 10, 35, 45, 47, 48, 56, 57, 60, 69, 71, 72, 75, 95, 119, 120, 131, 136, 139–45, 150, 152, 162–8, 171, 172, 174, 176, 270, 281 ontological 10, 11, 17, 61, 76, 82, 151, 207, 226, 229, 266–71, 276–83, 286, 289, 292 Subject index 295 organisation i, ix, x, xii, xiii, xiv, 1–7, 9, 11–14, 23–34, 38, 39, 49, 50, 52, 60–74, 78, 86, 88, 92, 93, 100, 8, 110, 120, 122, 124, 132, 141, 151, 153, 155, 162–78, 183, 199–205, 208–17, 223, 226, 228, 231–40, 266–74, 280–2, 288–90, 298, 303 panoptic 12, 107, 111, 112, 115, 116, 204, 206, 211, 213, 215, paradigm 167, 228, 280, 283 paradox 65, 70, 73, 120, 122, 168, 177, 206, 208, 256, 303, 304 penetration 274 penis 273, 275, 278 performance 7, 8, 17, 24, 73, 270, 275, 281, 286 phallic 267, 269, 270, 273–5 phallogecentric 124, 275, 278, 279, 289 phantasmagoric 13, 127, 144, 148, 155, 156 phenomenology xii, 4, 11, 43, 49, 60, 61, 65, 71–7, 109, 130, 131, 148, 153, 156, 186, 233, 239, 241 philosophical i, ix, xiii, 1, 3, 8, 10, 11, 15, 43–52, 56, 60, 61, 74–9, 82, 130, 151, 153, 184, 185, 188, 193, 200, 223, 227, 228, 232, 241, 249 physical 9, 25, 49, 52, 56, 73, 40, 211, 215, 233, 235, 281, 282, 286, 290, 292 postmodernism 3, 5, 8, 51, 52, 146, 203, 204, 226, 229, 240, 273, 275–7 poststructure 200, 269, 279, 285, 286 power 1, 5, 6, 34, 55, 73, 94, 108, 111, 122, 123, 135, 144, 150, 152, 154, 155, 170, 188, 199, 201, 204, 206–9, 212, 216, 217, 229–33, 244, 246, 248–51, 262, 263, 267–71, 274, 281, 285, 300 psychoanalytical 15, 110, 141, 142, 151, 152, 155, 156, 201, 208, 209, 212, 216, 217, 275, 290 psychodynamic psychological 3, 5, 43, 44, 96, 129, 132, 133, 151, 155, 190, 199, 200, 202, 206–13, 228, 230, 240 psychometric 72 racial 246 reflexive 4, 7, 10, 15, 46, 49, 108, 201, 215, 223, 246, 248, 266, 276, 279, 286 rhetoric 13, 14, 56, 65–70, 74, 157, 162–78, 208, 228 rhizome 17, 267, 270, 278–81, 287–94 ritual 174 seductive 251, 268 Self 1, 3, 6, 12, 14, 25–7, 36–8, 40, 43–53, 56, 60, 61, 72, 75–9, 82, 86, 89, 90, 93, 96–9, 101–3, 107–12, 117, 120, 123–5, 142, 184, 186, 187, 191, 206, 213, 228, 266, 267, 270–2, 278, 279, 283, 298 semiotic 45, 49, 244, 282, 298 September 11 244–6, 249–63 sexuality 71, 139 social i, ix, x, xii, xiii, 1–5, 7–11, 15–17, 23, 25–7, 30–2, 36, 39, 43–7, 52–6, 61–9, 73, 74, 78, 82, 97, 113, 120, 122, 127, 133–50, 155, 156, 170, 174, 182–7, 189, 192, 201, 203–6, 213, 216, 226– 33, 241, 247, 248, 253, 262, 267–76, 280–93, 300, 302, 305 sociology xi, xii, 18, 43, 44, 54, 56, 109, 110, 156, 211, 231, 235, 240, 241, 252, 268, 277 socio-symbolic 132 structural 53 subjective xi, xii, 1, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12–15, 44, 51, 52, 57, 62–7, 70–2, 81, 95, 107, 108, 110, 114–16, 122, 123, 127, 129, 131–3, 138, 144, 147_52, 155, 156, 188, 199, 201, 202, 206, 209, 215, 216, 225, 246, 253, 269, 270, 276, 277, 278, 280, 286 Subject index teleology 5, 8, 16, 38, 248, 250, 254–6, 260, 261, 276 temporal 10, 44–51, 56, 64, 74–9, 153, 235, 250 terrorism 258 totalising 208, 209, 270, 290, 291 totalitarianism 135, 204, 205, 213 transgender 17, 283, 284 transgress transparency 48, 56, 127, 145, 147–9 transsexual 269, 283, 284, 289 white 16, 245–50, 253–6, 259–62 296 ... struggling, feeling, thinking, suffering subject, one capable of obeying and disobeying, controlling and being controlled, losing and escaping control, defining and redefining control for itself and. .. Thornley 27 Organization and Identity Edited by Alison Pullen and Stephen Linstead 28 Thinking Organization Edited by Stephen Linstead and Alison Linstead 29 Information Warfare in Business Strategies... to rethinking the individual, of thinking it otherwise, of Introduction 13 conceptualizing it in another fashion One follows the enterprising individual in its daily dealings using Strindberg’s