THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
VIET NAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DANG THI THUY DUYEN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHERN RED RIVER DELTA’S PROVINCES TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Mayor : Development Economics Major code : 9.31.01.05 THESIS SUMMARY Ha Noi - 2019 Thesis is completed in : Gruduate Academy of Social Sciences Supervisor : Associate Professor, PhD Nguyen Ngoc Son PhD Nguyen Anh Tuan Master Reviewer 1: ………………………………………… Master Reviewer 2: ………………………………………… Master Reviewer 3: ………………………………………… The dissertation will be defended in the Council of PhD thesis council at the Academy of Social Sciences at at ….day… month… year 20 The dissertation can be found at : - Gruduate Academy Library of Social Sciences - National Library, Hanoi, Vietnam LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS BY AUTHOR Serial The name Place of publication Determinants of the state management of sustainable Economy and forecast review tourism development in the issue 27 September 2019 sub-region of Southern Red (709), page100 - 103 River Delta To turn Vietnamese tourism Economy and forecast review into the key economic sector issue 20 July 2019 (702), page 37 - 40 State management of tourism development in Southern Economy and forecast review issue 36 December 2018 Red River Delta’s provinces (682), page 123-126 The factors impacting tourist Economy and forecast review attraction in Southern Red issue 27 September 2018 River Delta’s provinces (673), page 74-78 INTRODUCTION The necessity of research Provinces in southern Red River Delta (including Ninh Binh, Nam Dinh and Thai Binh) have an area of about 4,600 km2 and a population of 4.6 million people There are biodiversity areas with values Outstanding global biodiversity, they impact on the lives of mankind and recognized as the world's first Biosphere Reserve in Red River Delta of Vietnam under the Convention on Wetlands Convention (RAMSAR) by United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) since 2004 Those have diverse types of terrain: low-lying plains, coastal plains, hilly and semimountainous areas The coast is 142 km long so southern Red River Delta has a lot of tourism values with a variety of natural landscapes (beaches, historical sites, unique landscapes) Therefore, this is a destination that attracts the attention of domestic and foreign tourists In recent years, these provinces have initially promoted the advantages of tourism development and achieved remarkable results In 2018, southern Red River Delta’s provinces welcomed 9.9 million visitors (900,000 international visitors), their tourism brought about 4,486 billion VND and created thousands of jobs However, tourism in southern Red River Delta’s provinces has not promoted its advantages to make more significant contributions to the economy in recent years It is not an attractive investment place to attract investors in travel Income from tourism, guest spending and days of stay is low The increase in the number of passengers is fast but the infrastructure and entertainment facilities cannot keep up Besides the increase in the number of direct tourism workers is not yet associated with quality, contributing to the budget and creating jobs for laborers is not commensurate Not only is environment is polluted but also the value of Biosphere Reserve has not been promoted and the heritage is invaded that shows tourism development is the unsustainable Based on that theory and practice, the author chose the topic “Tourism development in southern Red River Delta’s provinces towards sustainable development” The objective and task of the research The purpose of the thesis provides orientation and solutions for tourism development in southern Red River Delta’s provinces towards sustainable development Research tasks: + To systematize and clarify some basic theoretical issues about tourism development towards sustainable development + To analyze and assess the situation of tourism development towards sustainability in southern Red River Delta’s provinces + To analyze factors impacting tourism development towards sustainable development in southern Red River Delta’s provinces, to assess the strengths and weaknesses, to identify the limitations and causes in tourism development in Red River Delta’s the southern provinces + Proposing orientations and solutions to help tourism development in southern Red River Delta’s provinces towards sustainable development in the coming period Object and scope of the study - Object of the research: Theory and situation of tourism development in southern Red River Delta’s provinces towards sustainable development - Research scope: + Scope of location: research tourism development in southern Red River Delta’s provinces including Nam Dinh province, Ninh Binh province and Thai Binh province + Scope of time: study the current situation of tourism development in the southern Red River Delta towards sustainability from 2005 to 2018, then proposing solutions to develop tourism in a sustainable way until 2030 Research Methods Methodology: based on the views of dialectical materialism and historical materialism Based on the viewpoint of dialectical materialism, the study places tourism in a dialectical relationship with sustainable development From the point of view of historical materialism to emphasize the effects of ideology, political organization and social institutions on tourism development in sustainable way The thesis assessed the situation of tourism development in southern Red River Delta’s provinces through surveys of tourist, state management agencies, tourism business units and local population from which to identify the problems in tourism activities, systems of points of view and orientation of tourism organization towards sustainable development Research Methods: After collecting information, the thesis analyzed and processed the information through statistical, synthesizing, comparing, contrasting methods and field research methods New contributions of the thesis Firstly, the thesis has generalized the theoretical basis of tourism, tourism development, tourism development towards sustainable development and the relationship between factors affecting tourism development towards sustainable development Secondly, the thesis has assessed of factors affecting tourism development towards sustainable development in the economic integration, climate change and industrial revolution 4.0 Thirdly the thesis uses qualitative research and quantitative survey findings to analyze and make assessments on the situation of tourism development in southern Red River Delta’s provinces towards sustainable development Fourthly, based on theoretical and practical analysis, the thesis proposes certain solutions to promote tourism development in southern Red River Delta’s provinces towards sustainable development Theoretical and practical significance of the thesis 6.1 Scientific significance To begin with, the thesis has generalized the theoretical basis of tourism, tourism development, tourism towards sustainable development and the relationship between factors affecting tourism development towards sustainability Secondly, the thesis has assessed factors impacting tourism development towards sustainability in the context of economic integration, climate change and industrial revolution 4.0 Thirdly, the thesis has mentioned the situation of sustainable tourism development in the three localities Through the analyzed model results, the thesis pointed out the limitations both quantity and quality of tourism development activities towards sustainable development 6.2 Practical significance By analyzing the secondary and primary data, the author has made suggestions for tourism development in southern of the Red River Delta’s provinces towards sustainable development Firstly, in terms of economy, (1) strengthening the development about tourism and ancillary services businesses; (2) investing and mobilizing capital for tourism development; Secondly, in terms of culture and society, it is necessary to invest high quality human resources; Thirdly, on the target environment (1) promoting communication, raising awareness about the value of natural resources and the tourism environment, (2) preserving tourism resources, (3) managing the value of resources tourism, (4) socializing investment, preserving and embellishing relics, protecting the natural landscape environment; Fourthly, the need for the state management role to develop tourism towards sustainable development such as (1) improving the management capacity, (2) completing the formulation and promulgation of mechanisms and synchronous, modern and effective policies (3) enhance the synchronous and flexible planning, (4) promote promotion and cooperation to link tourism development with neighboring provinces and other tourist areas Structure of the thesis CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS ON TOURISM DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 3: SITUATION OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHERN RED RIVER DELTA’S PROVINCES TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 4: SOLUTIONS FOR DEVELOPING TOURISM IN SOUTHERN RED RIVER DELTA’S PROVINCES TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Foreign situation of research 1.1.1 The content of tourism development and tourism development towards sustainable development Nikolova A and Hens L., 1998 [84]: Sustainable tourism requires the management of all forms of resources in a way that we can meet economic, social and aesthetics while maintaining cultural identity, basic ecological processes, biodiversity and life assurance systems “Linking Communities, Tourism, & Conservation: A Tourism Assessment Process - Tools and Worksheets” [65] “Tourism and Sustainability: Principles to Practice” [91] synthesized and evaluated the views on tourism development theory 1.1.2 Criteria for assessing tourism development and tourism development towards sustainable development Criteria for evaluating sustainable development are included “Towards Sustainable Development: On the Goals of Development and the Conditions” Indices reflected sustainable development by providing reliable information about nature, the physical and social world, preserving values and quality of life Common indices such as GDP, economic indicators were not enough because they only showed cash flows but they did not indicate environmental condition, destruction of resources or quality of life “Indicator for Sustainable Development: Theory, Method, Application” used systematic approaches to find tourism sustainable development indicators from which specific set of indicators to measure sustainable development on subjects such as communities, states, territories and countries on the world Pamela A Wight (1997) gave the basic principles as the basis for sustainable development The three target groups are economy, society and environment which are of equal importance and be addressed in a balanced way to achieve sustainable development including: Community economy, rational conservation and combining economy with environment 1.1.3 Factors affect tourism development and tourism towards sustainable development Multidimensional aspects were considered and assessed for the natural environment, culture, environmental impacts in development policies and management implications “Tourism and the Environment: A Susstainable Relationship” [70] “Sustainable Tourism What is it really?” [63], or “Ecotourism and Sustainable Development Who Owns Paradise?” [69] assessed the growth of tourism in each country's strategy, its political system and economic policies They studied the economic and cultural implications of tourism expansion for indigenous peoples as well as ecosystems “Indigenous Ecotourism: Sustainable Development and Management” [66] researched ecotourism sites owned and operated by indigenous people They had brought benefits to indigenous communities and had the impacts of tourism development on economy, society and the environment around tourist destinations in particular and tourist areas in general “Sustainable Tourism in Protected Area: Guidelines For Planning And Management” 1.2 Domestic situation of research 1.2.1 The content of tourism development towards sustainable development Most authors approach the concept of: Sustainable tourism development is the managed exploitation of natural and human values to meet the diverse needs of tourists and concern about long-term economic benefits while it still ensures a contribution to the conservation and restoration of resources, maintain cultural integrity for future tourism development, environmental protection and improving the living standards of the local community 1.2.2 Criteria for assessing tourism development and tourism development towards sustainable development “Studying and proposing solutions for development investment of resorts”; “Scientific basis and solutions for sustainable tourism development in Vietnam”; “The role of provincial governments in Ninh Binh sustainable tourism development”; “Tourism development in Binh Thuan province from the perspective of sustainable development” directs the harmonious and reasonable tourism development among the goals towards sustainability However, sustainable tourism development is associated with specific, unique, quality from that creates satisfaction of tourists needs, economic and social benefits Extensive integration with all countries has a significant impact on economic development in general, tourism development in particular Studying the impact criteria but authors put them in the context of integration and globalization in a specific tourist area There is an agreement on the role of tourism sustainability in the economy is the economic efficiency that tourism brings like social stability and sustainable environment “Sustainable tourism development in Ninh Binh province in the present conditions”, the author set a set of criteria for evaluating sustainable tourism development of a province It emphasizes the role and participation of parties in sustainable tourism development in the present conditions 1.2.3 Factors affect tourism development and tourism towards sustainable development There are a number of studies that have mentioned and analyzed the factors affecting sustainable tourism development: “Sustainable tourism”; “Sustainable tourism development in Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park”; “The role of provincial governments in sustainable tourism development in Ninh Binh Province”; “Local state management for sustainable tourism development in some central provinces of Vietnam” These referred to the role of the state management agency in charge of tourism, especially inspection stages Then development solutions have been proposed by many topics, each with specific characteristics of diffirent regions in “Scientific basis and solutions for sustainable tourism development in Vietnam” Bui Thanh Toan (2018) [43] proposed the research model for sustainable development for Phu Yen province in AEC 1.3 Evaluation of research works To begin with, this dissertation identified the basics of tourism, tourism development, sustainable tourism, implications for sustainable tourism development; the concept of sustainable development, sustainable tourism development, tourism management There are many different views both domestical and international dissertation Second, the hot trend is the countries focus on developing tourism towards sustainable development There are many different experiences in the goal of developing tourism towards sustainable development of some localities in Vietnam and countries around the world interventions otherwise the environment is degraded in the future The tourism industry itself must know what to to make tourism develop more sustainably 2.2.2.3 Criteria for assessing tourism development towards sustainable development Based on the reference of sustainable development criteria in the United Nations and local sustainable development monitoring and evaluation criteria for Vietnam from 2013 to 2020, the author chose accordingly to form a system of general criteria for tourism development towards sustainability An economic perspective: Location and scale of tourism, economic benefits from tourism A cultural - social perspective: People's participation; Livelihoods of local people, preserving the cultural and historical value of the tourist destination An environmental perspective: Preserving tourism resources, pollution reduction, conserve biodiversity, ecosystems and landscapes 2.3 Factors affect tourism development and tourism towards sustainable development 2.3.1 Socio-economic environment 2.3.1.1 Planning systems and policies of government 2.3.1.2 Local business environment 2.3.2 Support services 2.3.3 Human resources 2.3.4 Cooperation activities in tourism 2.3.5 Tourists’ the satisfaction and needs 2.3.6 Promote tourism development 2.3.7 Impacts of climate change, international economic integration and industrial revolution 4.0 2.4 Experience in tourism development towards sustainability This dissertation explores domestic and international experiences including the South Central Coast (Vietnam), AnnapurnaNepal Conservation Area, Thenmala- India, Koronayitu- NewZeland The dissertation draws some lessons: Firstly, fFully aware of sustainable development Secondly, to formulate a suitable tourism development strategy for the region and the province Third, 10 organizational management is unified and specific Fourth, mobilize all resources for tourism development investment Fifth, the participation of local communities is very important in sustainable tourism development strategy Sixth, training high quality human resources Seventhly, localities must have a suitable plan to promote tourist sites Eighth, rational exploitation of resources and environmental protection is the responsibility of the state management, local residents and tourists CHAPTER CURRENT SITUATION OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHERN RIVER DELTA’S PROVINCES TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 3.1 Tourism potential in southern Red River Delta’s provinces 3.1.1 Overview of south Red River Delta’s provinces 3.1.1.1 Natural features The southern Red River Delta includes three provinces: Thai Binh, Nam Dinh and Ninh Binh with area of 4,600 km2 and a population of 4.6 million people Its tourism is a lot potential such as famous scenic spots: Cuc Phuong, Tam Coc, Bich Dong, Trang An and beaches of Hai Thinh, Quat Lam, Tien Hai… Besides, these provinces also preserved unique historical and cultural values like relics of Bai Dinh, Hoa Lu, Co Loa, Keo pagodas Particularly, on October 13, 2008, UNESCO awarded the certificate of World Biosphere Reserve for coastal wetlands of these three localities That recognition has initially impacted on changing the perception and management approach of government, department and localities to enhance the value and promote the advantages of this large wetland area including tourism 3.1.1.2 Socio-economic features and tourist space The three provinces of southern Red River Delta are planned in the northern coastal economic region with various types of terrain and 142 km coastline Its provinces have great potential tourism with long and beautiful beaches, long historical sites and unique natural landscapes After more than 30 years of renovation, the economy of it has witnessed a strong change and development In recent years, tourism has contributed significantly to provinces’ economic 11 development Besides, many old tourist sites have been exploited and new places have been built which create a unique attraction for it 3.1.2 Tourism potentials of southern Red River Delta’s provinces 3.1.2.1 Natural tourism potentials 3.1.2.2 Cultural tourism potentials 3.2 Situation of tourism development in southern Red River Delta’s provinces towards sustainability 3.2.1 An economic perspective 3.2.1.1 Position and scale of the tourism industry a) Tourism in local economic policy (1) Tourism in southern Red River Delta’s provinces is increasingly being affirmed in terms of potential, location, image, and quality on Vietnam's tourism map (2) The tourist sites are located in favorable locations, many places border between neighboring provinces, that is convenient for sightseeing, travel and links (3) The tourist sites are interspersed with residential areas not far from the city center b) Tourism growth Tourism growth is fast and continuous (at about 18.78%), which is much higher than the GRDP growth rate in general and the service sector growth rate in particular Tourism plays an important role in local economic development c) Shifting in the tourism industry’s structure Tourism support services are insufficient and weak, specific products are lack, entertainment areas and additional services need to be plentiful In the investment structure of the southern Red River Delta, there is no foreign direct investment project in tourism but only projects with domestic investment, most of which is state capital 3.2.1.2 Economic benefits from tourism a) Contribute to GRDP and other industries In 2010, the added value of the tourism industry accounted for 0.57% GRDP, in 2018 it reached 1.5% The contribution of tourism in the GRDP is small, compared to with the position and potential of of provinces’ tourism (in the whole country, tourism contributed about 5.9% GDP) 12 b) Tourism labor Along with the rise of the tourism industry, tourism labor saw dramatic increases Localities and tourist attractions have attracted and addressed employment needs for the community, for workers from other localities and industries c) Tourists Domestic tourists to the southern Red River Delta’s provinces accounted for more than 90% from 2005 to 2018, an increase of of 12% The majority of domestic tourists to the southern Red River Delta is to Ninh Bình (over 70%) Although Ninh Binh is one of the biggest tourist attractions in the country the southern Red River Delta’s provinces attracts the lowest tourists in the tourist areas (at only 1/3 of the central sub-region and ½ of the Northeast coastal subregion) d) Tourism revenue In 2010, the total revenue from tourism in the southern Red River Delta’s provinces reached 979,927 million VND This figure rose to 4,486,000 million VND in 2018, and this was over three times In the coming years, the total tourism revenue of this region will increase, contributing positively to the socio-economic development e) Travel service prices Hotel prices, tickets at tourist destinations are also not higher than some tourist destinations in Hanoi and neighboring provinces f) The spending level of tourists The current average expenditure of the southern Red River Delta’s provinces is mainly for accommodation, meals and transportation Travel service, guide groups to visit scenic places, caves, pagodas still accounts for a low proportion of the total revenue There are a variety of reasons to explain Firstly, the number of tourists often visit during the day Secondly, the stay time is not long Those affected the total revenue of the tourism industry 3.2.2 A social - cultural perspective 3.2.2.1 Livelihoods of local people a) Jobs in the tourism industry Similar to the tourism industry, labor in the tourism industry increased considerably between 2005 and 2018 Localities and tourist 13 attractions have attracted labor needs for their community, other localities and industries However, the total number of employees participated (both directly and indirectly) in tourism in the southern Red River Delta’s provinces remained below 5% in 2018 - the proportion is much lower than tourism potential b) The figure of local labor involved in tourism When tourism developing, local labor’s career has changed significantly, many poeple quit traditional jobs (mainly agriculture) and turned to tourism services such as motels business, restaurant, travel guide With households works in handicrafts, tourism helps them create more motivation for production development, especially creating unique products which attaches the local traditional breath c) Local people’s income Through the interview, the households who answered the better income regularly participated in tourism activities in the provinces People’s income in the three provinces has increased considerably from 2005 to 2018 The average local people's income in 2018 was was over three times higher than those of 2005 3.2.2.2 Preserving cultural and historical values at tourist sites a) The conservation of monuments The southern Red River Delta’s provinces are still exploiting and researching to restore and conserve relics In parallel, the provinces submitted documents to the Ministry of Culture to verify, evaluate and rank the relics at different levels, that hepls them mobilize and allocate capital from investors combining local people’s preservation b) The number of traditional festivals and crafts villages is preserved The number of festivals in the southern Red River Delta’s provinces is very large, so the provinces have exploited to serve customers The festivals show poeple’s richness of the spiritual life in provinces, those are also a great resource for managers to plan local development policies But it is also important to preserve and promote the cultural identity and tradition 3.2.2.3 Participation of the people a) Forms of citizen participation in tourism activities People's participation in tourism activities such as renting houses, eating and drinking goods, souvenir, taking photos, 14 participating in management around tourist sites (parking, participating in comments ) b) Local people’s the level of satisfaction and cooperation 3.2.3 An environmental perspective 3.2.3.1 Preserving tourism resources a) Density tourist destinations In general, the density tourism destinations the southern Red River Delta’s provinces is relatively dense with a full range of cultural, historical, and monuments mixed with natural landscapes b) Number of planned tourist areas The southern Red River Delta’s provinces had a comprehensive and detailed planning for many tourist areas and destinations Ninh Binh had the planning for Trang An, Tam Coc-Bich Dong, Van Long, Kenh Ga-Van Trinh and Bai Dinh pagodas Thai Binh had the planning Con Vanh beach and Keo Pagoda area Nam Dinh planed the tourism area of Xuan Thuy National Park, Tran cultural and historical relics complex c) The proportion of contribution to the conservation and protection of environmental resources 70-80% of the fee are retained for local, 20% is remitted to the state budget 3.2.3.2 Minimizing pollution In the southern Red River Delta, there are a national park, a Ramsar site, a World Heritage Site and a world heritage site The "hot" development of tourism, especially in the peak season, environmental and tourist capacity overload, which affects the plants and behavior of the animals in the tourist areas a) Water power Due to people’s perception in the use of fertilizers, pesticides, industrial wastes, domestic wastes causes water pollution b) Waste is collected and treated The arrangement of trash systems and garbage collection bags in urban centers, tourist resorts and residential areas is inadequate and not suitable for waste classification Only a few operating businesses have standardized waste collection and treatment system c) Air environment 15 Environmental pollution in trade villages is being alarmed in provinces, especially Thai Binh and Nam Dinh Some air pollution sources like construction, means of transport, especially vehicles carrying sand, bricks and stones, construction materials, craft villages, exhaust gas from air-conditioning system with gas and dust concentrations excesses allowed level such as CO2, CO, NO2, NO 3.2.3.2 Conserving biodiversity, ecosystems and landscapes a) Degradation levels of the tourist landscape The urbanization process has had a significant impact to the tourism landscape and nature This greatly affected the space and tourism environment In addition, the use of some monuments does not function, role and purpose in some tourist sites, leading to damage and degradation b) Consumption of rare animal products The survey results show that no store sells wildlife products as souvenirs and decorations (such as the use of animal skins, horns, teeth and claws) * Overall assessment of the level achieved according to the criteria of tourism development towards sustainability There are 17/25 targets that have not yet reached the sustainability criteria, combining with with the results of surveys and assessments of the objects on tourism development towards sustainability (most of the answers got an average score of 3-3,4/5) shows that tourism development in southern Red River Delta’s provinces has not been sustainable 3.3 Situation of factors affecting tourism development towards sustainable developmnet in southern Red River Delta’s provinces 3.3.1 Institutional and policy environment 3.3.1.1 Planning system and policies of the state and local authorities The three provinces of southern the Red River Delta have had valid plans about tourism development For example, No 3562 / QDUBND, September 9, 2017 of Thai Binh Provincial People's Committee, approving the Planning on development of Thai Binh Tinh tourism to 2025, orientation to 2030 and No 1501 / QD-UBND, September 1, 2011 of the People's Committee of Nam Dinh province, approving the economic-technical report on the planning project of 16 Nam Dinh tourism development up to 2020, with a vision to 2030 On August 30, 2018, the People's Committee of Ninh Binh province issued No 1124 / QD-UBND, approving the Master Plan for tourism development in Ninh Binh Province up to 2025, with orientations to 2030 3.3.1.2 Collaboration among agencies in tourism management The state management about tourism has come into the system with coordination between all levels, sectors, localities, businesses and residents into tourism activities Besides, There is the coordination and participation of security forces to ensure safety and civilization for tourist areas and destinations 3.3.1.3 Participation of the community and stakeholders In fact, the local people's contribution to tourism planning and management is still very few They are lacking in information about tourism projects, so they have not really participated in the project implementation and monitoring process 3.3.1.4 Local business environment In past several years, southern Red River Delta’s provinces have made many changes and efforts to create a stable and healthy business environment, in order to attract a large number of businesses to participate in business and development local tourism 3.3.1.5 Investment for tourism development Three provinces have not had foreign direct investment projects in tourism This is also the general situation of some neighboring provinces The majority of development investment comes from the state Attracting other sources of capital for investment in developing infrastructure for tourism still faces many difficulties because investors are less interested in investing in tourism infrastructure 3.3.2 The support services 3.3.2.1 The infrastructure According to the tourists’ assessment about the quality of infrastructure in three provinces: roads, Internet and communications, electricity and water are good, but the point for the quality of the road system is highest Survey results show that good and very good 69.2% are for the quality of roads, 58.8% for information quality, 59.28% for electricity quality, 59.8% is devoted to water quality However, the 17 current rapid expansion of the information network, tourists want the provinces to improve the quality of the Internet and communications to connect domestically and internationally easier and faster 3.3.2.2 Support services a) System of material and technical facilities for tourism The survey results of tourist about the quality of material facilities - tourism techniques in three provinces are average and good b) Ancillary service system Tourists assessed the quality of ancillary services: the health system reached 3.38 points, the bank reached 3.37 points, that means the quality of ancillary services reached an average level (over 56% of visitors rated the quality of the health system as average, banking services were rated at more than 60) Therefore, in the coming time, the provinces need to increase the quality of ancillary services, especially health services and banking to increase the tourists’ satisfaction 3.3.3 Human resources The tourism labors in southern Red River Delta’s provinces has increased sharply over the years from 2005 to 2017 (2,143 and 10,658 respectively) But the percentages of tourism workers who are trained professionally is still low The quality of training labor is still limited, they not meet the requirements professionalism, management skills and service quality 3.3.4 Tourism cooperation Since Tourism Association established, it has been on strengthening the organizational structure and mutual assistance among members such as promoting and introducing information about businesses, products and goods services for members on publications, on websites Members support each other to organize events like the the annual sea tourism season and the kite contest Besides, there is no outstanding link with the neighboring provinces Linking the typical tourism products with each other and with the others in the Red River Delta and the Northern provinces as a highlight on the tour is limited and fragmented 3.3.5 Tourists’ the satisfaction and needs Tourists with the 15 to 59 age group accounted for the majority 18 and the the rate of first-time visitors was highest at 42.2% However, the number of second-time visitors is 36.9%, a positive signal for tourist market in southern Red River Delta’s provinces 3.3.6 Promote tourism The southern provinces of the Red River Delta have paid attention and diversified forms of tourism promotion Tourism is publicized on the media, on the website in English, French, Japanese and Vietnamese Moreover, it promoted socialization in tourism promotion activities at the National Tourism Year Program, international tourism conferences and fairs 3.3.7 Impacts of climate change and international economic integration and industrial revolution 4.0 In many years, southern Red River Delta’s provinces suffered less damage to people, properties, crops due to natural disasters, but more or less directly affected the environment, especially water pollution International economic integration has helped southern Red River Delta’s provinces implement many tourism programs and tours with diversified content and forms 3.3.8 Analysis of factors affecting tourism development towards sustainable developmnet in southern Red River Delta’s provinces According to the regression equation, tourism development towards sustainable developmnet has a linear relationship with the factors: socio-economic environment, development policy, support services, human resources, association and cooperation and advertising and tourism promotion The impact order from strongest to weakest is human resources, support services, advertising and tourism promotion, association and cooperation, environment and development policy 3.4 Overall assessment of tourism development in southern Red River Delta’s provinces towards sustainable developmnet 3.4.1 Results * Economy: Tourism plays an increasingly important role in the economic development orientation in southern Red River Delta’s provinces: number of passengers and revenue growth is stable The tourist market is expanding (both domestic and international) Tourism focused on products which exploited the cultural values associated with 19 the Red River wet rice civilization It created jobs for workers and encouraged the traditional trade development The role of the community is increasingly enhanced through participating in local tourism management * Social - cultural: Employment in the tourism industry increased shardly (by 2017, this was 4.97 tim higher than in 2005) The average annual growth rate from 2010 to 2017 was 10.4% People have participated in many generating tourism activities which their income increased significantly and social order and safety is maintained The management agencies, ministries, branches and resident have preserved, repaired and embellished historical and cultural heritages and organized traditional festivals and trade villages They propagate, educate and raise the awareness of people and tourists about preserving local tourism resources The budget revenues from tourism in the provinces make certain contributions to protecting heritages, renovations and conservation of historical and cultural relics in the provinces * Environment: The region, areas and tourist resource planning is fully implemented The relics in the strategy and plan to attract investment from 2005 to 2020 all have general or detailed planning All tourist areas and sites have developed regulations on management of natural resource exploitation activities and environmental protection Tourism investment projects have environmental assessment reports or environmental protection commitments Environmental management and protection on the rise from treated water, air and waste environments Funding in the restoration and conservation increases everyyear 3.4.2 Limitations * Economic: Attracting international tourists is low, it is not commensurate with the potential Investment resources have not been attracted to turn potentials (especially marine tourism potentials) into high quality tourism products for tourists The number of tourists (especially domestic ones came to Ninh Binh) has increased rapidly, while related services (infrastructure, services ) have not developed adequately Income from tourism is not high, contributing to the GRDP of the provinces is lower than those of the provinces in the Red 20 River Delta and the surrounding provinces The capital for tourism development is still limited, mainly from the state budget (without foreign investment capital) * Social - cultural: Human resources for tourism is lacking in quantity and weak in quality They lack of good management team, tour guides and speakers A part of the local population who participates in tourism still lacks communication and behavior skills to serve tourists, especially international visitors Organizing and preserving festivals are sometimes in form, not taking into account the cultural tradition values As a result, many festivals lose part of their identity Activities to ensure safety, security, traffic, and food hygiene still face many difficulties in management Inspection activities have been strengthened but there are still bad phenomena affecting tourism * The environment: the management and protection of landscape relics in some places are not good and still loose Some tourism sites have over-exploited that degraded natural and human resources Pollution levels in some places are on alert and at risk of seriously affecting touris There is still the phenomenon of consuming rare animals in some restaurants, hotels and tourist spots 3.4.3 Causes * Objective reasons Firstly, international economic integration creates intangible pressures in competition such as attracting capital, attracting tourists, investing in infrastructure and increasing tourism services Secondly, climate change causes abnormal changes in weather, natural disasters, epidemics, etc., which have greatly affected the actual development situation of localities Thirdly, the instability and frequent changes in policies and laws of the State in general and the three southern Red River Delta’s provinces in particular Investment policies for tourism, infrastructure and facilities have not been synchronized Tax policies, investment policies, capital mobilization, resources not have a breakthrough to attract investors Fourthly, the seasonality in tourism is clear, most of which focus on the first half of the year, so it has a significant impact on the accommodation and spending decisions of visitors 21 * Subjective reasons: Firstly, the infrastructure system (especially the waste collection and treatment system in tourist areas), technical infrastructure of provinces are not synchronized and low quality Second, there are not tourism products that bring the local breath and have quality and competitiveness to meet visitors’ needs Most travel companies consider the tourism areas in the southern Red River Delta as a stopover and transit point on the journey to other tourist destinations On the other hand, the southern Red River Delta is not far from Hanoi, the majority of tourists choose to stay in Hanoi where the services are better While the southern Red River Delta region does not have many additional quality tourism services to retain longstay tourists Thirdly, it has not been proactive in creating tourism links with other localities and provinces, which limited the source of international tourists to the southern Red River Delta Tourism connecting programs with the space of Hanoi capital and the provinces in the Red River Delta have not been formed and organized in methodical and permanent manner Chapter SOLUTIONS FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHERN RIVER DELTA’S PROVINCES TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 4.1 Orientation of tourism development in southern the Red River Delta’s provinces towards sustainable development 4.1.1 The bases determine 4.1.1.1 Domestic and international contexts a) International contexts: Negative changes of the global market such as the rising protection wave, even the risk of trade wars between powers, political and military conflicts in many parts of the world b) Assessment of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges for tourism development in southern the Red River Delta’s provinces Forecast of world and regional tourism development trends to 2030 According to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO): tourism continues to grow globally The number of international tourists is expected to reach 1.8 billion by 2030 Southeast Asia is 22 expected to become the fourth largest international tourist attraction in the world with 187 million visitors 4.1.1.2 Views on tourism development in southern the Red River Delta’s provinces Firstly, tourism development ensures towards sustainable development, efficiency, professionalism, quality and depth Secondly, diversify tourism products Thirdly, tourism development is in close relationship with tourism of provinces in the Red River Delta region Fourthly, maintaining the spiritual tourism development Fifth focus on exploiting domestic tourists and taking international tourism development as a long-term strategic direction Sixthly, tourism development ensures close coordination among industries, the support of the community to promote internal resources 4.1.2 Tourism development orientations in southern the Red River Delta’s provinces 4.1.1 The bases determine Economy: tourism is an important economic sector in the local economic development Tourism products of southern Red River Delta’s provinces focus on sustainable development with various types of natural tourism (caves, national parks), cultural and spiritual tourism (Bai Dinh pagoda, Tran temple, Keo pagoda) and marine tourism (Con Vanh, Quat Lam) Tourism is invested various types such as green tourism; tourism on rivers and lakes; MICE Society: the tourism landscape is protected as the approved planning It absolutely does not happen the situation unauthorized construction, encroachment affecting the structure of the monuments The approved tourism projects must create conditions for investors to implement the project quickly and on schedule Environment: waste pollution, air pollution in tourist areas and transport routes are handled and controlled Public toilet systems, garbage disposal systems and stagnant water treatment systems are built to the standard Regulations on the protection of forest resources, protection of limestone systems, caves, stalactites and wildlife are specified in detail 23 4.2 Solutions for tourism development in southern the Red River Delta’s provinces towards sustainable development Firstly, Strengthening the development of tourism businesses and support service Secondly, developing typical tourism products associated with diversifying tourism products Thirdly, investing and mobilizing capital for tourism development Fourthly, improving the quality of human resources Fifth, conservation of tourism resources Sixth, promoting communication and raising awareness of the natural resources value and tourism environment Seventh, state management solutions Eighthly, cooperation in tourism development THE CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION The thesis has studied the stituation of tourism development in southern Red River Delta’s provinces the towards sustainabile development and proposed solutions In the scope of the dissertation's research content, some conclusions are drawn: From 2005 to 2018, tourism activities in southern Red River Delta’s provinces have gained many important achievements Tourism resources are constantly being exploited Tourism technical facilities have increased in both quantity and quality However, tourism development in southern Red River Delta’s provinces still faces many difficulties and shortcomings that need to be overcomed: the conservation of tourism resources is still limited, promoting the value of tourism resources have not been given adequate attention When analysis of factors affecting tourism development towards the sustainabile development in southern Red River Delta’s provinces shows that the policy environment has contributed to motivating tourism development but some are still incomplete The role of the community is unclear and inefficient The sustainability of tourism development has been assessed, so it is necessary for having longterm policies and incorporating effective solutions, which avoiding not sustainability of tourism now will cause negative impacts on future heritage The solution is suitable with the conditions of the provinces and highly feasible, ensuring sustainable tourism development in terms of natural resources, environment, culture, society and economy by 2030 24 ... Dong, Van Long, Kenh Ga-Van Trinh and Bai Dinh pagodas Thai Binh had the planning Con Vanh beach and Keo Pagoda area Nam Dinh planed the tourism area of Xuan Thuy National Park, Tran cultural and... preserved, repaired and embellished historical and cultural heritages and organized traditional festivals and trade villages They propagate, educate and raise the awareness of people and tourists about... ecosystems and landscapes a) Degradation levels of the tourist landscape The urbanization process has had a significant impact to the tourism landscape and nature This greatly affected the space and tourism
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