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VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES PHAM UYEN THY PERSONALITIES OF OFFENDERS IN HO CHI MINH CITY Major: Criminology and Crime prevention Code: 9.38.01.05 SUMMARY OF LAW PHD THESIS HA NOI, 2019 The work was completed at GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Scientific Supervisor: Prof PhD Ho Trong Ngu Reviewer 1: Prof PhD Bui Minh Thanh Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof PhD Dong Dai Loc Reviewer 3: Prof PhD Tran Van Do The dissertation will be defended before the thesis review council of the Academy at the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences at hour minute, day month year The thesis can be found at: - National Library of Vietnam - Library of Graduate Academy of Social Sciences INTRODUCTION Rationale of the thesis Studying the causes of crimes by analyzing the personalities of offenders will help the State make appropriate legal policies in time to reduce conflicts in society, to introduce appropriate social precautionary measures This is to help the fight against crime achieve sustainable results, serving as a social basis to reduce crime rate while ensuring the goal of economic development and stable politics, especially in big cities that play a key role in the national economy Theoretically, the personal characteristics of the offender is a topic that many branches of science are concerned At present, there are many synchronous measures used to prevent the increase of crime, including measures affecting the personalities of offenders Research on the personal characteristics of offenders point out the process of forming negative personal characteristics of the offenders, show the process of forming the causes and conditions of crime In addition, it also reveal how the changes in the offender's personal characteristics change the causes and conditions of crime Hence, classify each personal characteristic to build systems of preventive measures base on each crime group, each target group from the perspective of the offender's personal characteristic Practically, Ho Chi Minh City is big socio-political center of the country, the head of economic activities of the country, with an area of 2,095.06 km², with 19 urban districts and suburban districts According to the General Statistics Office of 2016, Ho Chi Minh City's population is about 9,224,000, but based on the number of unregistered and immigrant population, there are more than 14 million people, the density of population is 3,809 people/km² The population in Ho Chi Minh City is unevenly distributed, concentrated mainly in urban districts As a center of socio-economic activities, Ho Chi Minh City has always been given priority by the State with many socio-economic development policies and guidelines, which is the basis for Ho Chi Minh City to call for sources of investment, which is also a source of jobs for people In recent years, with the rapid development of the economy, people’s quality of life has been increasingly improved However, along with the of economic achievements, Ho Chi Minh City is facing a series of social problems, for example the increasing number of crimes and its complexity A group of people with difficult life having no job or unstable job; the gap between rich and poor and the intrusion of toxic culture, pragmatic lifestyles, increasing social issues are making the situation of social order and security very complicated, creating favorable conditions for crime in Ho Chi Minh City However, research into the personal characteristics of the offenders in Ho Chi Minh City is only limited to an individual level, while the fight against crime require group level research and higher This is to be aware of the cause of the criminal situation and propose solutions to prevent crime in the most effective way and hoping to contribute to reducing the crime rate For the aforementioned reason, the author chose the topic "Personalities of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City", to be the topic of the doctoral thesis, majoring in Criminology and Crime prevention Purpose and tasks of the thesis 2.1 Research purpose The thesis aims to clarify the theoretical and practical issues of personalities of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City, thereby clearly indicating the reality of negative personal characteristics of offenders in the area and any negative social phenomena in the socio-economic life having impact on forming the personalities of offenders Through the above situation, the thesis proposes solutions to prevent crime by limiting, overcoming and eliminating negative phenomena affecting the formation of negative personal characteristics of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City in the future 2.2 Research mission For the above research purposes, the thesis has the following research tasks: - Getting an overview of domestic and foreign research works on personalities of offenders to identify inheritance, acquisition issues and issues that need further study and clarification in the thesis - Systematizing and analyzing the theoretical issues related to the research topic such as human personality, the personality of the offender, the personal characteristics of the offender to be the theoretical and methodological basis for the thesis - Surveying and assessing the reality of personal characteristics of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City, indicating which negative characteristics affect the formation of negative personal characteristics of the offenders in Ho Chi Minh City - Proposing measures to effectively prevent crime in Ho Chi Minh City from the perspective of the offender's personalities Subject and scope of the thesis research 3.1 Research subjects The subject of the thesis is the theoretical and practical issues of offenders’ personalities in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of 2009 - 2018 3.2 Research scope The thesis studies theoretical issues of offenders’ personalities in terms of criminology and crime prevention based on the reality of crime situation in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of 2009 - 2018 with two crime groups: drug-related crimes and possession offenses, as these account for a high proportion (75.61%) of the total criminal cases in Ho Chi Minh City Methodology and research methods 4.1 Methodology The dissertation is based on the methodology of Marxist Leninist and Ho Chi Minh Thought, perspective, guidelines and policies of the Party and State in the fight against crime 4.2 Research methods Statistical method; Case study method; Comparative method; Professional method; Methods of sociological investigation New scientific contributions of the thesis The thesis is an intensive, systematic and comprehensive research on "Personality of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City" in terms of criminology and crime prevention New points of the thesis: First, the thesis uses interdisciplinary approach to solve the key issues of the thesis, especially the legal philosophy approach; crime psychology combined with specific research methods to analyze and assess the personal characteristics of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City; Second, analyzing to make clear about the characteristics of the offenders in Ho Chi Minh City while taking into account the criminal geography at the same time (Personalities of the offenders' in relation to population, culture, customs, traditions, lifestyles, ) Third, analyzing the impacts from the environment of family, school, friends in forming negative personal characteristics of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of 2009 - 2018; Fourth, point out the differences of personal characteristics of offenders in different crime groups in Ho Chi Minh City; Fifth, proposing solutions to enhance crime prevention in Ho Chi Minh City from the perspective of personlities of offender Theoretical and practical meanings of the thesis The results of the thesis have important implications in terms of theory and practice in crime prevention in general and crime prevention in Ho Chi Minh City in particular 6.1 Theoretical meaning - Based on the analysis to clarify the theory of the offender's personality and practice of crime in Ho Chi Minh City, the thesis contributes to the addition of criminological science and crime prevention in general as well as the theory of personal characteristics of the offenders - The thesis acts as a work that contributes to adding an approach generalizing the practical study of general offenders' personalities into crime prevention theory 6.2 Practical significance The solutions proposed in this thesis will be valuable documents for the competent authorities to refer, research and apply to improve the effectiveness of crime prevention and activities to fight against crime in Ho Chi Minh city The research results in the thesis contribute to supplementing references in research and learning of law training institutions and will contribute to supplementing and completing the theory of personalities of offenders The structure of the thesis Apart from the introduction, conclusion, list of references and appendices, the thesis includes chapters: Chapter Literature review Chapter Basic theoretical issues regarding the offender's personality Chapter Reality and negative phenomena affecting the formation of personality of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City Chapter Forecast and solutions to crime prevention in Ho Chi Minh City from the aspect of personality of offender Chapter 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Research abroad 1.1.1 Research on the theoretical issues of offenders' personalities 1.1.2 Research on the reality of offenders' personalities 1.1.3 Research on measures to enhance prevention of criminal from the aspect of offenders' personalities 1.2 Domestic studies 1.2.1 Research on the theoretical issues of offenders' personalities 1.2.2 Research on practical issues about offenders' personalities 1.2.3 Research on crime prevention solutions from the aspect of offenders' personalities 1.3 Value and shortcoming of related research Firstly, the research does mention offenders' personalities in terms of criminology and crime prevention to study the offenders' personalities in relation to issues such as the crime situation, causes and conditions of crimes, measures to prevent crimes in general and in some other localities in particular Secondly, the studies have analyzed the contents and signs of the offenders' personalities, evaluated the meaning of studying offenders' personalities in many different sciences Thirdly, there are many important issues related to the offenders' personalities that have not been addressed in depth, such as: the mechanism of forming criminal acts, the mechanism of forming negative personalities of offenders; solutions to overcome the effects of negative phenomena, negative social on the process to form offenders' personalities 1.4 The issues that need to be further studied in the thesis 1.4.1 Issues raised on theory, practice and solutions In addition to the contents agreed upon above, which will be inherited in the thesis, the thesis needs to address the following contents: First, research to clarify theoretical issues on the personalities of offenders, drawing the meaning of researching on offenders' personalities, classifying offenders' personalities; clarifying and indicating the characteristics of offenders' personalities including what negative characteristics and social phenomena affecting the personalities of offenders Second, based on the theory of offenders' personalities in general and studies of offenders' personalities in other areas, it clarifies the reality of personal characteristics of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City in the year of 2009 - 2018; Third, from the reality of personal characteristics of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City, by sociological survey, the author points out which negative social phenomena in social life and belongs to offenders impact on forming negative personal characteristics in the offenders that promote the criminal acts Fourth, from the results of theoretical research and practical research and the reality of offenders' personalities in Ho Chi Minh City, the basis of negative factors affecting the formation of negative personal characteristics that promote crimes, the author proposes solutions to prevent crimes in Ho Chi Minh City 1.4.2 Research question - Clarifying the theoretical issues about the offenders' personalities? - Types of offenders' personalities? - Reality of offenders' personalities in Ho Chi Minh City from 2009 to 2018 - Are there any negative social phenomena affecting the formation of offenders' personalities in Ho Chi Minh City from 20092018? - In the coming time, how will the situation and negative phenomena impact on the formation of offenders' personalities in Ho Chi Minh City be? - What are the characteristics of offenders' personalities in Ho Chi Minh City? - With such personal characteristics of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City, what solutions are suitable to the criminal geography to prevent the crime today? 1.4.3 Research hypotheses On researching the topic, the author's offers some hypotheses as follows: - The offenders' personalities in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of 2009-2018 has some of the following characteristics: Criminals are mainly men, but in drug-related crimes, the gap between the number of female and male is not big, there is a gender gap between men and women relating to possession offence; ages 18 to 45, have no stable jobs, low levels of education; the majority are people without working habits, disorted desires and hobbies; generally have criminal records, recidivism, dangerous recidivism - Researching and analyzing the reality of negative phenomena affecting the process of forming offenders' personalities, studying the phenomena in terms of habitat: culture, economy, society, family, school the negative phenomena from the offenders themselves such as: legal awareness, interests, needs thereby applying effective preventive measures - From the practice of theoretical and practical research on the offenders' personalities in Ho Chi Minh City, the author proposes a number of optimal preventive measures, consistent with the reality, contributing to limiting the crime situation in Ho Chi Minh City including solutions to eliminate negative factors affecting the process of forming the personal characteristics of offenders Conclusion of chapter CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL ISSUES ABOUT THE OFFENDERS' PERSONALITIES 2.1 Concepts, characteristics and research meanings of offenders' personalities 2.1.1 Concept of human personalities and offenders' personalities CHAPTER THE REALITY AND NEGATIVE PHENOMENA IMPACTING THE FORMATION OF OFFENDERS’ PERSONALITIES IN HO CHI MINH CITY 3.1 The reality of crime in Ho Chi Minh City 3.1.1 Reality (extent) of crime in Ho Chi Minh City The situation (extent) of the crime situation in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of 2009 - 2018 is determined by the total number of crimes and the number of people committing crimes in Ho Chi Minh City period 2009 - 2018 Crime is reviewed including both clear and hidden crimes Occupying the highest number of convictions in Ho Chi Minh City compared to other crime groups are possession offenses and drug offenses, the two typical crime groups, which account for the highest proportion, and are also very In Ho Chi Minh City, the author focused on studying the identities of offenders on these two crime groups The reality of the crime of possession and drug offenses in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of 2009-2018 is determined through all criminal offenses in Ho Chi Minh City in the period 2009 -2018 with the number of cases discovered and dealt with through two-level trial by Ho Chi Minh City People's Court (clear crime) Table 3.1 Reality (extent) of crime in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of 2009 – 2018 Total Year Total number of number of criminal Property offence Drug offence Other offences offenders Cases Offender Cases Offender Cases Offende cases s s rs 2009 5113 5203 1704 1715 2219 2224 1280 1264 2010 5267 5397 1856 1873 2187 2198 1354 1326 2011 5472 5516 1876 1906 2378 2386 1262 1224 2012 5712 5962 1883 1899 2287 2292 1792 1771 11 2013 5979 6037 2506 2556 1987 1993 1994 1488 2014 6222 6189 2156 2182 2276 2278 1757 1729 2015 6041 6108 2457 2472 2731 2748 920 888 2016 6422 6598 2453 2459 2039 2045 2106 2094 2017 6782 7099 2541 2545 2897 2903 1661 1651 2018 6799 7105 2589 2601 3002 3017 1514 1487 59.609 61.214 Tota l 21.57 22.208 24.00 24.084 15.64 15.922 (Source: The people’s court of Ho Chi Minh city) 3.1.2 Movement of crime situation in Ho Chi Minh city Table 3.2 Numbers of offenders in Ho Chi Minh city in the period of 2008 – 2017 Year Offences in Property general offence Numbe Percent Number Percent age Drug offences Number Percen tage Others Number Percent r age 2009 5203 100 1715 100 2224 100 1264 100 2010 5397 103,72 1873 105,28 2198 94.,57 1326 103,59 2011 5516 106,01 1906 107,13 2386 102,66 1224 98,59 2012 5962 114,58 1899 106,74 2292 98,62 1771 140 2013 6037 116,02 2556 143,67 1993 85,75 1488 155,78 2014 6189 118,95 2182 122,65 2278 98,02 1729 137,26 2015 6108 117,39 2472 138,95 2748 118,24 888 71,87 2016 6598 126,81 2459 138,22 2045 87,99 2094 164,53 2017 7099 136,44 2545 143,05 2903 124,91 1651 129,76 2018 7105 136,55 2601 146,20 3017 129,81 1487 118,28 Total 61.214 - 22.208 Percent 100% - 36,27 24.084 12 39,34 age 15.922 - 25,59 - 3.1.3 Structure of crime in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of 2008 - 2017 3.1.3.1 Structure by offence * Drug-related offence * Property offence * Other offences 3.1.3.2 Structure by crime classification Structure by type of crime: less serious offenses, serious offenses, very serious offenses, particularly serious offenses according to the Criminal Code 3.1.3.3 Structure by methods According to statistics of the Ho Chi Minh City People's Procuracy, cases of accomplice account for 40%, especially property robbery, intentionally causing injury, stealing property, causing public disorder disorder has an accomplice rate of over 75% According to the statistics of Ho Chi Minh City Police, in the period of 2009 - 2018, offenders have used crime, tools and means accounting for a high proportion, with 90% of the total number of cases In particular, most of the tools and means used to commit crimes are motorbikes, cars, mobile phones Analysis of the structure of the above-mentioned crimes not only has a meaning in orienting and laying out effective ways to prevent crimes, but also makes sense and is a foundation for criminal identification and decide the punishment fairly, accurately and objectively, ensuring the right handling of the right people, the right crime, and the law A study of the case files shows that many offenders have a criminal record or a criminal record of using violence to commit a crime 3.2 Reality of offenders’ personalities in Ho Chi Minh City 3.2.1 Reality of offenders’ personalities considering social demographic characteristics 13 * Age: In fact, when considering the correlation between different age groups among offenders in general, the proportion of offenders aged 18-25 years accounts for the highest percentage (54.5%), followed by the group of offenders aged 25 to under 45 (31.6%) and the group of juvenile offenders (aged 14-18 years) with the proportion of 13 , 5%; in the last place are those who are 45 years and older (0.06%) The group of offenders aged 18-25 years commit the most crime * Gender: Among 61.214 offenders in Ho Chi Minh City, 44.584 were male, accounting for 75.75% and 16.630 were female, accounting for 22.28% - Drug offenders: Out of 24,084 defendants tried for drug offenses, 14,913 defendants are male and 9,171 are female Male drug offenders account for a high rate of 54%, while female offenders account for only 46% Regarding the age, the group of offenders aged under 18 accounts for 7.98%; 18 years old to 30 years old accounts for 38.20% and over 30 accounts for 58.48% Thus, the group of offenders aged over 30 years old accounts for the highest proportion and remains quite stable for 10 years from 2009 to 2018 (with an average of 77.68% for the whole period), notably the percentage is signifcantly increased in 2017 and 2018 - Property offenders: Of the total of 22.208 defendants charged with property offence, there are 17,001 male and 5,207 female defendants, with male accounts for 82, 1%, higher than female accounting only for 17.9% * Education: Based on the Ho Chi Minh City Court database and the number of research convictions, the results of the characteristics of the educational level of the offenders in Ho Chi Minh City are as follows: 14 Table 3.3 Structure by education of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of 2009 – 2018 Property offence No Drug offence Others Total Level Numb er % Numb er % Numb er % er % 9176 15,59 Illiterate - Primary 4.144 18,66 4462 18,53 1098 Secondary - High 14.024 63,15 16.959 70,42 12.673 79,6 42.984 70,22 Graduate Postgraduate Total 3.508 15,8 528 2,38 2.263 9,40 1385 397 1,65 764 6,9 Numb 8,7 7.015 11,46 4,8 1.665 2,72 22.208 100 24.084 100 15.922 100 61.214 100 (Source: Ho Chi Minh City People's Court) * Occupation and social status: Studies on occupation of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City show that: Among 61,214 defendants tried by the Ho Chi Minh City People's Court between 2009 and 2018: 43.6% were unskilled workers, 17.7% were freelance workers, 10.1% were other jobs and 28.7% were unemployed The subjects who are unskilled workers account for the highest crime rate (43.6%) and other occupations have the lowest rate (10.1%) f) Family background: Out of 61,214 offenders tried during the 2009-2018 period, 31,978 people (accounting for 54.3%) lived in families with economic difficulties and had children or more; there were 11,371 people (accounting for 19.3%) having family with divorced parents, imprisoned parent and must live with siblings, grandparents from an early age; 9873 people (accounting for 16.8%) came from complicated families, and relatives in the family had criminal and criminal records (of which most of them had criminal records related to drug offences); 5636 people (accounting for 9.57%) 15 living in families that lack attention, care, and education for their children 3.2.2 Reality of offenders’ personalities in terms of moral psychological features * Reality of moral - psychological characteristics of the offenders' personalities based on their needs - interests * Reality of moral - psychological characteristics of the offenders' personalities based on their motives 3.2.3 Criminal legal characteristics Studying 250 randomly selected convictions, including 100 ones on drug offenses and 100 ones on property offences, gives a result of recidivism and dangerous recidivism Among 58,858 people who committed crimes in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of 2009 - 2018: 61,214 people had criminal records and recidivism, accounting for 89.13% 3.3 Reality of negative social phenomena affecting the formation of personalities of drug offenders and property offenders in Ho Chi Minh City According to figures of the Ho Chi Minh City People's Court and the cases tried, some personal characteristics of drug offenders and property offenders in Ho Chi Minh City are pointed out to be the basis to indicate the negative social phenomena affecting the formation of negative identities and explain why those negative traits are formed in offenders 3.3.1 Reality of negative social phenomena in the living environment a) Reality of negative social phenomena in the living backgrounds After studying case files, the results show that in Ho Chi Minh City from 2008 to 2017, the negative phenomena arising from the family environment formed the identities of drug offenders and property offenders are as follows: 16 * Family lacks of care and attention for children: Survey results of 537 criminal offenders who are serving imprisonment penalties at Chi Hoa prison show that there are 233 prisoners with divorced parents, accounting for 43.3%; 75 prisoners with father or mother died, making up 13.9% and 103 people with a parent working away from home accounting for 19.1% * Family educates children not in the wrong way: Survey results on 538 prisoners at Chi Hoa prison show that: 249 prisoners asuming "only need to finish high school and go to work to earn money" accounts for 46.2%, 115 prisoners say that their families want "to go to work abroad to have more money" accounts for 21.3%; there are 78 inmates who state that their families have the opinion that “they cannot go to university, they must get ocational training to get a job” accounting for 14.4% and 51 of them said that their families have the opinion that “they need to go to university to ensure life" * Incomplete family: The number of defendants living in families without father, mothers or both is quite high (15.18%) * Complex family, having criminal records: The number of defendants living in complicated and irresponsible in raising children families accounts for 31.68% * Unhappy family, members often fight and insult each other; families with difficult economic situation: Survey results show that 261 prisoners said "their families are not happy, members often fight, families with difficult economic condition", accounting for 48.5% of the total prisoners living in families without sufficient care and education, mainly because the offenders come from families with many children, unfavorable economic conditions and unhappy families b) Reality of negative social phenomena relating to the school environment * The school has not focused on ethical education, legal and life skills: According to statistical results from criminal cases in the 17 period of 2009 - 2018 in Ho Chi Minh City, there are defendants who are under 18 years old, and up to 24.74% of children commit crimes when they no longer go to school, dropped out of school in their hometown *The weak management of school, the increase of school violence: The educational environment and school discipline have been seriously violated This has affected children in gradually building up some bad characteristics and habits, such as depression and pessimism; being afraid to study, to go to school; hatred for the people who bullied them c) Reality of negative social phenomena belonging to the socio-economic-political environment - In socio-economic aspect - In cultural aspect 3.3.2 Reality of negative social phenomena relating to drug offenders and property offenders themselves In addition to the objective factors, the formation of the offender's personal characteristics also depends on the characteristics of the offenders themselves, such as physical and psychological traits, hobbies, lifestyles, point of view a) Deviations in the demand-satisfying method A study of 200 criminal convictions of the People's Court of Ho Chi Minh City shows that, wrongful hobbies such as gathering with bad friends, playing games, drinking alcohol, drugs, games and gambling are the root cause of the defendants' crime b) Deviations in personal preferences In a normal person’s thoughts, there always exist material needs, but for adults, they are aware that to satisfy needs, they need to work to get something in return and they are aware of what is allowed and not allowed in society c) Deviations in legal consciousness The case studies in Ho Chi Minh City show that the ethical issues of a part of offenders are seriously degraded; there are families 18 for profits from drugs, they are willing to draw other members into commiting crime Conclusion of chapter CHAPTER FORECAST AND SOLUTIONS TO CRIME PREVENTION IN HO CHI MINH CITY FROM THE ASPECT OF PERSONALITY OF OFFENDER 4.1 Forecast of trends of factors affecting the formation of personal characteristics of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City 4.1.1 Scientific basis of forecasting Predicting the fluctuation of factors affecting the offender's identity in Ho Chi Minh City is to point out the changing tendencies of factors affecting the offender's identity, thereby clarify how the change has impact on the identity of the offender in Ho Chi Minh City 4.1.2 Forecast of socio-economic and political changes of Ho Chi Minh City 4.1.2.1 Forecast of socio-economic and political changes of Ho Chi Minh City 4.1.2.2 Predict fluctuations in the family environment 4.2 Solutions to eliminate negative phenomena from living environment Negative phenomena from the living environment affect the formation of negative personal characteristics in offenders These solutions aim to eliminate and limit the negative social phenomena affecting the formation of negative personalities of drug offenders and property offenders existing in the living environment in Ho Chi Minh City 4.2.1 Solutions in family environment 4.2.2 Solutions in school environment 4.2.3 Solutions in economic environment 4.2.4 Solutions in social and cultural environment 19 4.3 Measures to overcome, gradually eliminate negative phenomena from drug and property offenders’ personalities in Ho Chi Minh City 4.3.1 Solutions to improve the effectiveness of law propaganda activities to influence the people's legal awareness Promote and improve the effectiveness of legal propaganda, education and law dissemination for all strata of the locality To renovate and diversify the forms of propaganda and law dissemination, without organizing conferences for propaganda in the form of a theory Pay attention and increase education propaganda to overcome bad habits and preferences for juvenile offenders To apply preventive education-impacting measures to minors, it is necessary to increase education propaganda to overcome bad habits and preferences Assigning families, unions and other agencies with an educational responsibility to help them have a good sense of behavior and to integrate into the community early 4.3.2 The solution affects bad habits and hobbies of negative personalities From the results of practical research, it is shown that the personality of drug and property offenders comes from hobbies, needs and methods to satisfy wrongful needs, so it is necessary to have measures to prevent these negative social phenomena 4.3.3 Solutions to improve the effectiveness of prisoners’ rehabilitation Stemming from the characteristics of prisoners' rehabilitation activities, to improve the effectiveness of these, it is necessary to perform the following tasks well: a) Determining factors affecting psychology, personality and efficiency of the process of rehabilitating prisoners: b) Clearly identify the objectives of educating offenders 20 4.3.4 Solutions to enhance the effectiveness of community reintegration activities Detecting and handling administrative and criminal violations in accordance with the extent of each act of participating in social evils to punish and educate them to prevent them from recommiting 4.3.5 Solutions to strengthen social management, state management of security and order in Ho Chi Minh City Firstly, mobilize the power of the political system in preventing and combating crimes Second, focus on strengthening and improving the effectiveness of social preventive measures Thirdly, step by step improve the crime prevention and fighting capacity of law enforcement agencies and specialized forces Fourthly, continue to improve the system of policies and laws on crime prevention Fifthly, proactively and actively expand foreign relations and strengthen international cooperation on crime prevention and fighting Based on the analysis of the forecast of fluctuations in Ho Chi Minh City affecting the formation of negative characteristics of the offenders' personalities, the graduate student proposes a system of solutions legal measures to prevent crime in the city in recent years In order to reduce the situation of crimes, many measures should be synchronized and coordinated among agencies in the crime prevention Conclusion of chapter CONCLUSION Ho Chi Minh City is a major center of economics, culture, education, science and technology, a focal point of international exchange and integration, a locomotive, a motivator and a great attraction of Southern key economic region, having important political position of the whole country Therefore, the number of 21 people outside the province as well as foreigners entering the city is increasing in number and for various purposes Taking advantage of the open door policy to attract foreign investment, develop tourism many foreigners who enter the city commit crimes Therefore, crime prevention is an important part of the task of protecting national security and maintaining order in the city Therefore, the autor selected the topic "Personality of the offender in Ho Chi Minh City" as her thesis With the above research results, the thesis has solved the following problems: First, the thesis clarifies the rationale and situation of studies related to the offenders' personality specifically developed in chapter 1, including research, analysis, and clarification of the results achieved, and the shortcomings, limitations and research gaps that the author continues to develop in her thesis Second, the thesis has analyzed and clarified the basic theoretical issues on the offenders' personality in general, based on that generalizing and drawing out the concept of drug and property offenders' personality From that, the meaning of the study of the offenders' personality is drawn The study of theoretical issues about the offenders' personality has great significance in directing the research on the offenders' personality in Ho Chi Minh City From the above theoretical issues, the author compares and evaluates with the points which need to be implemented in the area Through studying and researching theoretical issues, from the common points as well as the points that are still inconsistent, the author sheds light on the following theoretical issues: Firstly, the PhD student analyzed and clarified the theoretical issues about the offenders' personality, in which introduced the concept: “The drug and property offenders' personality is a total of socially significant signs and characteristics, in combination with external conditions and factors, lead to criminal acts ” Based on the concept of the personality of drug and property offendersthe author 22 has identified the research subjects, scope and basic theoretical background Those also show the dialectical relationship between biological factors and social factors in the offenders' personality Through theoretical research, the author has drawn three basic characteristics of the offender: Social - demographic characteristics; ethical psychological characteristics and criminal legal characteristics On the basis of the theory of offenders' personality, the author investigates and identifies negative social phenomena that influence the offenders' personality identity of offenders and cause crime commitment From here, we can find out the reasons of forming drug and property offenders’personality There are two groups of causes that lead to such crimes: objective social phenomena and subjective phenomena belonging to the environment of the offenders Analyzing the theoretical issues on drug and property offenders’ personality would be a basis for the author to assess specific characteristics of the reality of drug and property offenders’ personality in Ho Chi Minh city From these characteristics, the author will buil up effective measures to prevent crime in Ho Chi Minh City in the upcoming period In the thesis, the author has pointed out the causes and conditions of crime from the aspect of the offender's personal characteristics; identified two important issues of the thesis are the personal characteristics of offenders involved in the mechanism of forming specific criminal acts and pointed out the whole system of negative social phenomena affecting the process of forming personality of drug offenders and property offenders Third, the thesis has clarified biological characteristics such as gender, age; social demographic characteristics; family living environment and school employment as well as economic conditions, deviations in needs, interests as well as methods of satisfying needs, 23 Fourth, clarifying the situation of factors affecting the formation of the personality of drug offenders and property offenders in Ho Chi Minh City, including negative social phenomena belonging to living environment and ones belong to drug and property offenders themselves Fifth, on the basis of analyzing the personal characteristics of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City and the factors affecting the formation of such negative traits, the author proposes some solutions impact on different aspects In addition, the auhor also points out the basis to forecast how criminal trends change to propose appropriate measures 24 LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS Assoc Prof Dr Tran Huu Trang and Pham Uyen Thy, Drug offenders’ personal characteristics in HCm city, Science Journal, Ha Noi Open University (ISSN…) No.47, Oct 2018 Prof Dr Ho Trong Ngu and Pham Uyen Thy, Offenders’ personality in view of mitigating and aggravating factors in Criminal Code 2015, Prosecutor Journal (ISN…) No.24, Dec 2018 Pham Uyen Thy, Impacts of family environment on the formation of offenders’ personality in HCM city, Science Journal, Ha Noi Open University (ISSN…) No.45, Jul 2018 Pham Uyen Thy, Some personal characteristics of foreign offenders and crime prevention in this case, Prosecutor Journal (ISSN…) No.21, Nov 2018 ... PERSONALITIES IN HO CHI MINH CITY 3.1 The reality of crime in Ho Chi Minh City 3.1.1 Reality (extent) of crime in Ho Chi Minh City The situation (extent) of the crime situation in Ho Chi Minh City in the... personalities in Ho Chi Minh City be? - What are the characteristics of offenders' personalities in Ho Chi Minh City? - With such personal characteristics of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City, what solutions... of people committing crimes in Ho Chi Minh City period 2009 - 2018 Crime is reviewed including both clear and hidden crimes Occupying the highest number of convictions in Ho Chi Minh City compared