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VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DO THI ANH JAPAN'S ROLE IN THE PROCESS OF EAST ASIAN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION Faculty: International economy Code: 31 01 06 SUMMARY OF ECONOMICS PHD THESES HANOI - 2019 The work was completed at GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Scientific Supervisor: Assoc Prof PhD Nguyen Canh Hop Reviewer 1: Prof PhD Do Duc Binh Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof PhD Pham Minh Son Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof PhD Pham Thu Huong The dissertation will be defended before the thesis review council of the Academy at the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences at hour minute, day month year The thesis can be found at: - National Library of Vietnam - Library of Graduate Academy of Social Sciences LIST OF RESEARCH WORKS BY AUTHOR Do Thi Anh (2015), "East Asia Economic Intergration: Aspects of theory and practice ", The Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, No in 2015 Do Thi Anh(2015), "Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and Japanese government's attempts ", The Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, No in 2015 Do Thi Anh(2017), "The United States’ withdrawal from TPP : Economic implication and next steps for Japan" The Journal of Northeast Asian Studies (English), No.1 in 2017 Do Thi Anh(2017), "Japan with the decision to withdraw from the US TPP: economic influence and coping direction ", The Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, No in 2017 Do Thi Anh(2017), "Japan's role in East Asia economic integration ", The Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, No in 2017 Do Thi Anh(2018), "Japan’s role in CPTPP", The Journal of Northeast Asian Studies (English), No in 2018 Do Thi Anh(2018), "Achievements of the Japanese economy after years of implementing Abenomics policy ", Finance Magazine, Ministry of Finance, Term I, March of 2018 (676) Do Thi Anh(2018), "Japan’s role in CPTPP", The Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, No in 2018 INDUCTION The urgency of the subject Along with the trend of globalization, regional economic integration has become an indispensable trend in modern international relations [9] If we divide the global economy into three "growth poles", it can be seen that for each of these "growth poles," there is a different form of economic association/integration: the first is Europe Europe (EU), followed by the Americas (NAFTA, MERCOSUR) and the third is East Asia However, unlike expectations, East Asia's economic integration is not only a long-term process but also very complicated Firstly, the participants are not only Governmentsof countries but also Markets and the People(especially the middle class) Secondly, in terms of scale, economic integration is not only in the Region (East Asia) but also in the Sub-Region (ASEAN) and the expanded Area (CEPEA, RCEP, EAFTA, CPTPP …).Thirdly, in terms of status, along with Cooperation, there still exists Competition, even Opposition East Asia is also undergoing more profound changes than any other region with a thriving Chinese economy; the two economies of China and the United States confront fiercely; the central role of ASEAN is narrowing, etc However, even when the protectionist and nationalist tendencies of the American government cause disappointment in its leadership position in economic and trade liberalization and its role in regional economic integration, China 's economy has not yet shown itself to be a convincing leadership model economy Many East Asian countries, especially ASEAN, have always expected a balance factor [15] As an economic power in the region and the world, Japan has a great influence on the development of East Asian countries and the process of economic integration Japanese benefits in this area have been formed for a long time and Japanese Goverment is always aware that Japan needs an important role in East Asia.As the leading bird in "Flying geese pattern" in the 1970s and 1980s, Japan has “dragged on” many countries to develop together, contributing significantly to the birth of “East Asian dragons”,“East Asian tigers” Up to now, apart from actively promoting economic integration frameworks such as ASEAN (AFTA, AEC), ASEAN+1 (AJCEP), ASEAN+3 (EAFTA), ASEAN+6 (CEPEA)…, Japan is also the only economic power in East Asia and Asia - Pacific to join both important multilateral free trade frameworks, namely TPP (with the new version is CPTPP) and RCEP In such a context, the study of Japan's role in the process of East Asian economic integration, especially in the rapid change in the correlation of international power and strategy of superpower economies is clearly an urgent requirement In addition to helping to understand the nature and future of the East Asian integration process, Japan's real capacity and position in the region, the actors are dominating international economic relations through the establishment of and control the "rules" of the East Asian economy, this research is also a reference in the integration policy planning, serving the country's development goals and further promoting bilateral relations between Vietnam and Japan In addition, although there are many scientists in the world as well as Vietnam studying issues related to Japan in East Asia from many aspects, but studies of Japan's role in the process of East Asian economic integration are not only lacking in systematic but also really meagre.We may even comment that, after decades of "loss" and recession, Japan's international economic role seems to have become a forgotten research topic Besides, from the theoretical point of view, it can be seen that so far there has not been a universal theoretical system of East Asia's specific regional economic integration (like other regions, especially EU) as well as there is also no normative analytical framework for the role of a subject in this process Therefore, if the role of Japan in the intergration process is clarified through the thesis, this is also a proof of the formation of a reasonable analytical framework, which is meant as a reference for studies on after These are the reasons that encourage graduate students to choose the topic “Japan's Role In The Process Of East Asian Economic Integration” as the PhD thesis after a course of study and research at the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences Purpose and mission of the thesis research 2.1 Research purpose Clarify Japan's role in the East Asian economic integration process, thereby proposing some policy recommendations for Vietnam 2.2 Research mission To achieve the research purpose as above, the thesis must solve the following specific tasks: + Systematize theoretical and practical issues on East Asian economic connectivity and the role of actors that have an important influence on this process + Analyze and clarify Japan's role in East Asian economic intergration from the mid-1980s to the present and forecast the prospects for the coming years (2019-2025) + Proposing solutions to help Vietnam’s economy take advantage of the opportunities derived from the Japanese economy’s role, further strengthen relations with this important partner, and participate more actively and effectively in regional economic integration process Object and scope of the thesis 3.1 Subject of the thesis The object of study is Japan's role in the process of East Asian economic integration 3.2 Scope of the thesis research - Scope of space: East Asia according to traditional geographic understanding is an area of 10 Southeast Asian countries (ASEAN10) and Northeast Asian countries (Japan, China, South Korea) However, with the complex geo-economic and geopolitical properties, the concept of East Asia is increasingly open and dynamic, changing depending on the context and perspective (for example, the World Bank recently used to call "East Asia and the Pacific - EAP" instead of "East Asia") Therefore, based on the dynamic practices of the East Asian economic integration process, in some contents of the thesis, the scope of the study will not only be confined internally to the region but also to the expanded area (including participating countries with interests and influences in the region, such as India, Australia, New Zealand in ASEAN + 6, USA and some countries in TPP – CPTPP, so on) - Scope of time:From about the mid-1980s to the present day (late 2018) and prospects forecasts until 2025 In particular, to highlight the transformation of Japan's role in the overall ofintegration process, the content of main chapter (chapter III) will be divided into two stages: the first stage from the mid-1980s to the early 2010s;the second stage from the early 2010s to the present day The reason why PhD students choose such discernment is because at these two points not only Japan economy but also the East Asian economic integration process is facing extremely significant turning points In particular, the regional and world economic order are volatile, showing the ability to transfer economic power from the West to the East, deeply affecting the process of regional economic integration Even the scale of integration process, if it used to be mainly confined within the region, from the early years of 2010, the scale of the expanded area has become a strong trend and difficult to be reversed - Scope of the study field:  East Asian economic integration process: It can be seen that East Asian economic integration is actually a process rather than an outcome or destination The thesis will consider this process from two aspects of Reality (Economic integration in terms of reality, English: De facto economic integration, tiếngNhật: 事実上の 経済統合)and Institution (Institutional economic integration, English: De jure economic integration, Japanese: 制度的経済統合) In Reality terms, the thesis focuses mainly on the micro perspective from the perspective of regional production networks, particularly the fields of trade and investment.In Institution terms, the analysis will revolve around macro issues such as the regional free trade agreement In addition, also related to the Institution term, it can be seen that since the early 2010s in East Asia, there have been many competing moves influence, strategy adjustment, forces gathering through the institutions integration between the two powers China - USA, which greatly impacting the process of economic integration, breaking the geographic boundaries previously For this reason, this thesis will pay special attention to the transformation of Japan's role in this new situation In addition, the introduction of China's BRI strategy has forced the United States and its allies including Japan to quickly plan both in the field of infrastructure Therefore, besides trade, investment and FTA, infrastructure is also an area that the thesis wants to focus on clarifying Within the limited scope of the thesis, other related areas of regional economic integration such as non-traditional trade (ecommerce, environmental economics, etc), trade in services, transfer of natural persons, public procurement, intellectual property, economic diplomacy (official aid from the government - ODA), financial and monetary field, etc is only mentioned as general issues but not within the main scope of the thesis  Important influencer/participant: understood as a key participant country or group, having a great influence on the East Asian economic integration process in which the role of actors is clarified and it will highlight the role of Japan In this thesis, China, the US and ASEAN (outside Japan) will be considered as important actors (or participants)  National role: The understanding of a nation's role in the thesis is equivalent to its international position, function, influence and responsibility (international responsibility is an attitude of respect for international standards, harmonizing national interests, public interests and legitimate interests of other countries, contributing to the development of legal frameworks suitable to international conditions, providing international public services, and creating integration frameworks towards more fairness, democracy and civilization…) Research mothods of the thesis 4.1 Research methodology This thesis uses methodologies in scientific research such as dialectical materialism with the focus on pairs of categories such as nature-phenomena, possibility-reality, causes-results, etc.; The methodology has practical perspective, which attaches importance to the applicability of the research problem; methodology of historical materialism by examining things in specific contexts 4.2 Specific research methods The main research methods that the thesis uses include: - Methods of analysis, economic statistics:synthesize and analyze primary and secondary data information including quantitative analysis results of reputable published works, so on - Comparative method:By using comparative research, Japan's role in the East Asia economic intergration is not only considered individually but also placed in the totality of relationships, thereby evaluate more accurately and objectively about the research object - Interdisciplinary research method:As mentioned above, East Asian economy intergration is a long and complex process with many problems that we will not be able to fully explain if only research in economic sector alone It is required the combination with interdisciplinary research For that reason, the dissertation will not only encapsulate the analysis within the framework of economic disciplines efficiency of regional trade agreements 1.1.2 Studies related to the theoretical basis of a nation’s role in regional interagration A number of foreign policy studies have given the concept of a national role in the way a country acts within the framework of an international system 1.2 Studies on East Asia economic integration 1.2.1 Domestic studies In Vietnam, research on East Asian economic integration is generally quite rich Many studies have focused on the movement trend of economic intergration, the nature of economic pairs such as Japan ASEAN, China - Japan, China - US, US - ASEAN 1.2.2 Foreign studies These studies describe the progress of East Asian economic intergration, systematize the reality and challenges and prospects of economic integration The new studies focus on explaining the relationship between the two RCEP and TPP frameworks to find out whether they are contradictory or complementary, the prospect of integration when the US’s view on TPP changes 1.3 Studies on the role of Japan in East Asian economic integration 1.3.1 Domestic studies Domestic studies have basically summarized the role of Japan such as proposing intergration ideas after the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the idea of the East Asian Community in 2002 Japan’s roles and motivations in economic intergration as a powerful nation have also been substantially clarified 10 1.3.2 Foreign studies English studies have analyzed almost entirely the Japanese policies in the field of FTA in East Asia Many authors have mentioned Japan in the role of creating a development model in the position of "a leading goose", Japan before and during the 1997 Asian financial crisis, Asian expectations for the role of Japan, the role of the state and the non-government sector of Japan Japanese studies have analyzed the need for Japan to play a more active role as a regional economic power, especially in the stagnancy of the WTO negotiations 1.4.Assessing the agreed viewpoints and remaining issues, identifying the contents that needed to be solved in the thesis The agreed viewpoints It can be seen that these are studies of great academic value, creating a solid foundation for the research process of East Asian economic integration and the role of Japan, suggesting many ideas in the direction of development the content of the thesis, providing multidimensional information to help the thesis get a more objective view Remaining issues and the contents that will be focused to be solved in the thesis Remaining issues: Besides the successful results, there are still some gaps that need to be continually implemented and updated In terms of the time range, the previous studies were mainly limited to a single period of time, not extended In terms of the content, many studies mainly stopped at stating the current situation and prospects, but did not highlight the nature, motivation and factors affecting the East Asian economic integration process Most of the studies, even the 11 recent published ones, have little or no connection with the new topical trends and issues in the context of the rapidly changing East Asia In particular, the number of in-depth studies on Japan's role in economic integration is extremely modest, while Vietnamese studies in the fields of culture, politics, security are quite popular Similarly, English research works are mostly focused on the Japanese foreign policy content, if a few of theses studies mention the role of the country in East Asia integration then it just an overview idea, or go into the political and security sectors Although the studies written in the native language Japanese are the closest to the content of the topic, they still tend to look at the issue from the perspective of Japanese people, applying their own theories and propositions derived from Japanese interests The contents that will be focused to be solved in the thesis In parallel with inheriting the achievements of previous studies, the thesis will focus on clarifying Japan's role in the integration process in practical and institutional aspects, especially when putting it in the context of confronting with Central American economy Based on the acquired conclusions, the thesis will propose a number of recommendations and solutions serving the process of making regional economic integration policies of Vietnnam Chapter A NUMBER OF THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES ON EAST ASIAN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION AND THE ROLE OF AN ENTITY 2.1 A number of theoretical issues on regional economic intergration and the role of an entity 12 2.1.1 The theory of regional economic integration on the institutional aspect Clarifying the concept of regional intergration, regional economic intergration, levels of regional economic intergration and benefits of regional economic intergration (for countries, businesses, consumers) 2.1.1.4 Other related concepts Concept of Economic Globalization, Free Trade, Trade Protection, Regional Trade Agreements, Free Trade Agreements, Economic Partnership Agreements The concept, content, methods, development process of FTA, the "Mega FTAs" are strongly controlling globalization and regionalization in the world such as TPP RCEP, TTIP, TISA, TFTA, CFTA 2.1.2 A number of theories about economic integration on the practical aspect (De-facto) Clarifying key concepts and theories related to international division of labor and regional production networks (David Ricardo and Hechscher- Ohlin’s theory of comparative advantage, the theory of ”Fragmentation”, the theory of "Agglomeration" or the Industrial cluster, theories related to multinational corporations, the theory of Flying Geese Paradigm Based on those theories, the thesis proposes concepts that will be applied in the thesis 2.1.3 A number of theories related to the role of an entity in international relations Based on comprehensive theories, explanations and terms of role, the thesis provides concept and a framework of criteria to evaluate the 13 role of an entity in the process of East Asian economic integration Depending on the degree to which those criteria are met, the role of an entity will be assessed as important, positive or not, or indicate specific roles such as connecting, leading, promoting 2.1.4 Basic conditions of East Asian economic integration and the role of some entities taht have an important influence on the formation and progress of East Asian economic integration Clarifying the premises, causes and contributions that contribute to the progress of East Asian economic integration 2.2 The reality of East Asian economic integration 2.2.1.Economic integration on practical aspect - East Asian production network: Clarifying the content, nature and meaning of the regional production network 2.2.2 Economic integration on East Asian institutional aspect Clarifying frameworks of regional free trade agreements in East Asia, stating specific content of each framework ASEAN (AFTA and AEC): The frameworks of ASEAN+1: Between ASEAN and China (ACFTA), Japan (AJCEP), Korea, India (AIFTA), Australia - New Zealand (AANZFTA) ASEAN+3 (EAFTA) APEC (FTAAP) CEPEA (ASEAN+6) TPP and RCEP: Comparing RCEP with TPP to see the goals, nature and effectiveness with the integration process and the feasibility level 14 2.2.3 Some remarks on the East Asian economic integration process Firstly, integration on practical aspects Second, institutional integration Thirdly, in recent years, there has been a new trend in regional economic integration which is the matter of connecting economic infrastructure networks 2.3 The role of a number of important influencers in the process of East Asian economic integration (ASEAN, China, the US) 2.3.1 The role of ASEAN Central role of ASEAN: current situation, conditions, challenges 2.3.2 The role of China The importance, influence, role enhancement, and success in the use of economic "cards" 2.3.3 The role of the US Although the United States is not an East Asian nation, the country still has a vital role in the process of economic integration However, as the United States choose to leave East Asia, the future of regional integation depends more on China After the United States left the TPP, China actively sponsored an open, multilateral order in order to replace the US leading economic regionalization 2.4 Conclusion of chapter This chapter summarizes the theoretical and practical issues of East Asian economic integration and the role of the entities that have an important influence on this process, thereby forming an analytical framework for the research object 15 Chapter CURRENT SITUATION OF JAPAN'S ROLE IN THE EAST ASIAN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION PROCESS 3.1 Major roles of Japan in East Asian economic integration from the mid-1980s to the early years of the 2010s 3.1.1 Major roles of Japan  Promoting economic integration on practical aspects  The role of an economic power that have important influence in the region  The role of a promising market that help reduce the dependence on external supply and demand  Japan's "bridging" role in regional economic integration 3.1.2 Reviews of Japan's role in East Asian economic integration from the mid-1980s to the early years of the 2010s In practical terms, Japan has clearly shown its role as a leader in leading and promoting integration However, in contrast to the aforementioned success, it accidentially contributed to promoting the rise of another power that could threaten Japan's own role Several decades of economic recession have made Japan's role in regional economic integration become blurred In institutional terms, it can be seen that so far Japan has not succeeded in creating effective integration institutions and is also slower than China 3.2 The prominent role of Japan in the process of economic integration from early years of 2010s to the present East Asian economic integration in the context of fierce competition between the two superpowers have undergone many changes The emergence and progress of Mega FTAs such as RCEP, 16 TPP and major economic institutions such as AIIB have shown the US-China confrontation in shaping ongoing economic and trade principles In this section, the thesis clarifies related contents to highlight the role of Japan in economic integration in the new context 3.2.1 The advantages and challenges for Japan in enhancing its role in East Asian economic integration 3.2.1.1 Advantages Domestic factors: The domestic political situation has become stable, the economy after decades has shown signs of revival, related to the soft power is the international recognition, especially the view of East Asian countries on Japanese role and influence 3.2.1.2 Challenges for Japan in enhancing its role in East Asian economic integration Focusing on current main challenges such as the decline in the role of economic integration on a practical aspect, China the "Threat" and the US's decision to leave TPP 3.2.2 The role of Japan in the process of East Asian economic integration in the context of the US-China rivalry 3.2.2.1 The US-China rivalry in the view of two economic institutions: TPP and AIIB The analysis aims to clarify the nature of the two institutions, thereby explaining the reasons why it’s said that TPP and AIIB are representing the US-China opposition in terms of establishing economic principles in East Asia, Asia Pacific, specifically with the following  Economic significance of TPP - High quality agreement of the 19th century 17  Strategic significance of TPP  AIIB identification  Strategic significance of AIIB  China's vision in promoting regional economic integration and the reason why the country focuses on infrastructure  The relationship between AIIB and BRI 3.2.2.2 The Japanese response in the context of the US-China 0000000000000000000000000000  Consistently promoting TPP  Maintaining good relations with the US  Strengthening and establishing "alliance" relations with countries with "same ideas"  TPP rescue effort without US  3.2.2.3 The role of Japan to CPTPP  Overview of CPTPP  The reason Japan promoting TPP11 - CPTPP The role of Japan to CPTPP o Attempting to save the agreement from the risk of collapse after the US departure o Successfully leading CPTPP negotiations o Encourage the return of the US to TPP o Confirm the position of CPTPP in shaping rules, promoting free trade and regional economic integration 3.3 Conclusion of Chapter 18 Chapter VIETNAM AND JAPAN IN EAST ASIAN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION PROCESS 4.1 Some forecasts about the future of East Asian economic integration (from now to 2025) and the role of Japan 4.1.1 Prospects of East Asian economic integration (from now on 2025) East Asia after 2018 is expected to continue to transform strongly, showing the need for deeper regional economic integration The adjustment and implementation of regional initiatives such as CPTPP, RCEP, APEC Vision after 2020, China's BRI, and IPS / FOIP of the US continue to take place Economic, political and security relations in East Asia will mainly revolve around the central US-China relationship axis As for the prospect of the role of some major parties in East Asia, China will continue to promote the BRI strategy version 2.0 The US, in the coming years, will accelerate the implementation of the FOIP strategy which shows that it will be even tougher for China and continue to conduct forces presence in the region As for ASEAN, the stagnation of ASEAN + and RCEP frameworks also makes ASEAN's central position become increasingly narrower, making economic integration more dependent on major countries 4.1.2 Prospects of the role of Japan In the context of the prospect of East Asian economic integration process facing many challenges and opportunities, Japan's role is predicted to follow three scenarios: 19 Firstly, Japan will show its leading role in promoting further regional economic integration Secondly, Japan will join the US in deepening this process, and will still have a significant position in the region, demonstrating its active role in promoting and actively participating in the process of economic integration Thirdly, the role of Japan once again became overshadowed, in the context of an emerging ASEAN role, the two Central American superpowers decide to corporate and unite to share their power and orient intergration process without the role of Japan Among these three options, the first scenario is more likely to be happended This is also reflects the actual context as well as the capacity and expectations of Japan 4.2 Vietnam's points of view on East Asian economic integration and some policy implications to improve the efficiency of regional economic integration 4.2.1 Basic points of view of Vietnam on East Asian economic integration In consistent with Vietnam's goals in building an independent, autonomous, industrialized, modernized and integrated economy, East Asia's economic integration is an important factor to create the country's good position and power 4.2.2 Policy implications for Vietnam on East Asian economic integration Over the past few years, Vietnam's integration policy has proven to be correct and contributes to the stability and development of the country However, with complicated situations of the region, including 20 changes in the role of Japan, Vietnam urgently needs appropriate policy directions suitable to the new situation for further achievements 4.3 Vietnam - Japan relationship in East Asian economic intergration 4.3.1 An overview of the history of Japanese - Vietnamese economic cooperation Giving a general picture of the trade relations between Vietnam and Japan developed from the 16th century to the present 4.3.2 Current situation of Vietnam-Japan relationship It can be seen that the bilateral relationship between Vietnam and Japan is quite good, with many mutually beneficial interests in most important issues, especially in economic integration The area of mutually beneficial cooperation is not only consistent with the strategic interests of the two sides, but also contributes to the positive promotion of the process of East Asian economic integration 4.4 Some recommendations and solutions to effectively apply Japan's role in the East Asian economic integration process and further promote Vietnam-Japan cooperation This section has made several policy recommendations to take advantage of Japan's role, influence and help Vietnam integrate more effectively into East Asian economic integration First, it can be seen that Vietnam currently faces many challenges in sustainable development In many fields, Japan can support Vietnam to promote economic development Second, besides expanding relations and taking advantage of Japan's role in practical economic integration, Vietnam can promote its strengths in accordance with Japan’s needs in many areas 21 Third, in era of the 4th industrial revolution, it is very important to pay attention to innovation factors In the future, this can also become an important field and opportunity for cooperation between Vietnam and Japan Fourth, Vietnam can continue to cooperate with Japan to contribute positively and constructively the integration process, thereby increasing opportunities for boosting economic growth Fifth, Vietnam can count on Japan to support increasing regional connectivity and expanding value chains through cross-border infrastructure investments and cooperation with other economic centers to increase trade opportunities Finally, Vietnam can take advantage of its cooperation with Japan to reduce its dependence on China 4.5 Conclusion of chapter CONCLUSION This thesis has analyzed and clarified the role of Japan in East Asian economic integration process, achieved the objectives and obtained the following results: The thesis has systematized theoretical and practical issues on East Asian economic integration and the role of important influential subjects such as ASEAN, China and the US The East Asian regional economic integration has evolved in both practical and institutional terms Over a quarter of a century, the economic integration has been formed and developed mainly based on market leadership Furthermore, in terms of institution, East Asia has also made significant positive progress 22 The thesis has also clarified Japan's role in East Asian economic integration from the mid-1980s to the present and forecasted prospects to 2025 It can be seen that at the beginning of the process of economic integration, Japan is the regional "leader", playing the most important role in shaping a production structure - a model of multi-layered labor division that has never appeared in any other regions in the world However, the form of intergation through regional production networks also makes it difficult for Japan to maintain its dominance In addition, while Japan is relatively "passive" in the construction of associated institutions, China has continuously taken effective initiatives, becoming a leading country in East Asian economic integration In the context of Japan's economy in a prolonged recession, while China has risen strongly again, Japan's position in the process of integration faces great challenges, the TPP framework which the US promotes is born The TPP in which Japan is a founding member becomes an opportunity that can help deepen Japan's economic integration in East Asia and significantly increase its role Although the TPP negotiations were successful in early 2016, the US unexpectedly withdrew from the agreement, posing a risk of disintegration for the TPP Change of opinion before the inconsistent attitude of the US, undergoing an arduous negotiation process, a new version of TPP CPTPP among the remaining 11 members is born with a key role of Japan, showing that its role in the process of integration has been significantly improved On the way to find a position in the regional economic integration of Japan, besides the advantages, there are still many difficulties and obstacles However, with domestic and foreign 23 affairs efforts, Japan has gradually developed its strength, having more initiative and independence, being able to escape the shadow of the US in international relations Japan’s voice has now a greater weight in the area's important issue The dissertation has also proposed a number of solutions to help Vietnam take advantage of opportunities obtained from the role of Japan, further strengthen its relationship with this important partner as well as actively participate in the process of regional economic integration more effectively For Vietnam, a strong role of Japan will help create a good environment for economic development and security stability in the region The role and efforts to enhance the role of Japan also create new opportunities and advantages to promote development, better implement the policy of comprehensive integration, deepen and promote cooperation relation, strengthen the new position and power for the country However, there are still some gaps that the thesis still has not resolved Firstly, the thesis has not mentioned the role of Japan in US’s FOIP strategy in terms of economy The rise of China is seriously challenging the leading role of the US, so the US is working very well with allies, including Japan to protect its interests and influence in the East Asia Secondly, the US-China trade war is creating strong pressures that TNCs are starting to calculate moving their production chains out of China, leading to the possibility that the East Asia and the world will reduce its significant dependence on China as a "The world's largest manufacturer " In this context, how the role of Japan will be changed is the issues requiring further studies for clarification 24 ... of Reality (Economic integration in terms of reality, English: De facto economic integration, tiếngNhật: 事実上の 経済統合)and Institution (Institutional economic integration, English: De jure economic... Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and Japanese government's attempts ", The Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, No in 2015 Do Thi Anh( 2017), "The United States’ withdrawal from TPP : Economic... 2017 Do Thi Anh( 2017), "Japan with the decision to withdraw from the US TPP: economic influence and coping direction ", The Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, No in 2017 Do Thi Anh( 2017), "Japan's