I. The effects of the background of the world and AsiaPacific on the adjustment of strategy of China 1. Several important policy adjustments of the US under the control of Donald Trump have strongly affected the international face, AsiaPacific region as well as USChina relationship. Since Donald Trump’ s inauguration in January 2017, several foreign adjustments of the US has been made in the manners: (i) Practically, top priority for interests of the US , shortterm economic benefits are more important than longterm values and strategies, deployment of foreign strategy for the purpose of addressing domestic problems firstly (employment, trade, investment, ……); Willing to implement the exchanges including sensitive issues in relationships with rivals and allies and partners; (ii) Military is more appreciated than diplomacy, bilateral is more appreciated than multilateral (increasing 910% of defense budget, reducing 30% of diplomatic budget and environmental protection); (iii) Disaffirming the legacy of the predecessor (declare death of the rebalancing policy, deciding to withdraw the US from the TPP, reapplying the previous policies to Cuba, withdrawing the US from the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), ... );(iv) Unpredictable, easy to make changes due to being in the period of forming policies, facing great difficulties and obstacles from within the US and strongly influenced by Trumps personality (somewhat erratic, aggressive, personal preference and allergy to criticism).
CHINA'S ADJUSTMENTS OF FOREIGN STRATEGY FROM THE 19TH CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY CONGRESS TO PRESENT AND ITS IMPACTS I The effects of the background of the world and Asia-Pacific on the adjustment of strategy of China Several important policy adjustments of the US under the control of Donald Trump have strongly affected the international face, Asia-Pacific region as well as US-China relationship Since Donald Trump’ s inauguration in January 2017, several foreign adjustments of the US has been made in the manners: (i) Practically, top priority for interests of the US , shortterm economic benefits are more important than long-term values and strategies, deployment of foreign strategy for the purpose of addressing domestic problems firstly (employment, trade, investment, ……); Willing to implement the exchanges including sensitive issues in relationships with rivals and allies and partners; (ii) Military is more appreciated than diplomacy, bilateral is more appreciated than multilateral (increasing 9-10% of defense budget, reducing 30% of diplomatic budget and environmental protection); (iii) Disaffirming the legacy of the predecessor (declare "death" of the "rebalancing" policy, deciding to withdraw the US from the TPP, reapplying the previous policies to Cuba, withdrawing the US from the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), );(iv) Unpredictable, easy to make changes due to being in the period of forming policies, facing great difficulties and obstacles from within the US and strongly influenced by Trump's personality (somewhat erratic, aggressive, personal preference and allergy to criticism) The above adjustments have reduced the credibility from countries, especially from allies and partners of the US, negatively affected the soft power and global leadership role of the US In the Asia-Pacific region, the US’s withdrawal from the TPP has created an economic "power vacuum" for China to exploit At the global level, the fact that Trump’s government is carrying out a trade protection policy, reducing international commitments, in some ways, has facilitated China to promote globalized "leadership" role, seize the power to lead forces to serve the intention of becoming a world power later By the second year of the term, President Trump has continued to adjust policies to China In the National Security Strategy (12/2017) and the Military Strategy (1/2018), the US has publicly identified China as a strategic rival for the first time In the field of science and technology, the US continuously pressured to curb China's rise, prevent and neutralize the "Made in China 2025" Plan set by China since 2015, typically by prohibiting Chinese leading telecommunications corporations such as ZTE to import modern components (chips, microchips) from the US companies such as Intel and Qualcom In terms of economy and trade, the US has continuously "struck" China with the imposition of high import duties of $250 billion so far for Chinese goods exported to the US in 2018, are planning to continue to impose taxes on Chinese goods which are `worth of hundreds of billions of dollars In fact, the US launched a trade war with China on a large scale Regarding regional security issues, unlike previous governments, Trump’s government is changing its approach to the issue of Korean peninsula by more harmonious and direct dialogues with North Korea’s government for disarming nuclear while separating North Korea from traditional Chinese orbit In respect of Taiwan and South China Sea issues, Trump’s government is also increasingly showing a tough approach, not afraid of colliding All of adjustments of the US mentioned above directly have affected to the strategic environment around China as well as the intention to become a world power in the middle of the twenty-first century as mentioned in "two goals lasting for hundreds of years " Relationships between major countries in manner of both cooperation and struggle, but more increasingly fierce in the strategic competition Rapid changes in the strength correlation between the US and other power centers make the strategic competition between major countries increasingly fierce Before Mr Trump’s government, while the background of the US has been relatively weak, China and Russia have been the most powerful challenges of the world order dominated by the US and the West, leading the strategic competition in relationships of China-US and Russia-US to get more and more intense Therefore, it should be clearly realized that, regardless of the any implementations of any aspects, the nature of the point is that the strategic competition of China - US and Russia - US compete ally Besides the conflict of geographical – strategic interests, anti-China and antiRussian forces within the US are relatively strong, making it difficult for any US president to The US imposed an additional tax of 25% on US $ 50 billion of Chinese goods, and then continued to impose a 10% to 25% tax on US $ 200 billion of Chinese goods At the same time, President Trump also expected to continue to impose more taxes to the Chinese goods valued at of 267 billion USD implement a policy of peace with China and Russia Contrary to initial expectations when Trump was elected, so far the prospect of improving the relationship of US-Russia or US’s "playing Russian cards" in the strategy of curbing Chinese (like Nixon used to “playing Chinese cards” to curb the Soviet Union) becomes very difficult Although Trump still set the possibility of strategic cooperation with Russia open, internal battles and the drastic resistance of the “antiRussia” conservative forces within the US (especially the relentless issue of Russia’s back-up forwarded Trump’s crew to get win in contested US presidential election 2016) and Republicans made Trump very difficult to implement the will to improve US-Russia relationship soon Remarkably, the pressure of long-term embargo of the US and the West applied to Russia after the issue of that Crym has been merged to Russia has pushed Russia toward China in both economic and security – the counterbalancing strategy to the US The new point is that showing powerfully political trend in the relationship with major countries is clearer than before Major countries are ready to use force against small countries as the opponent's "satellite" for the purpose of determent, "try" the limits of each other, especially in US-Russia and US-China relationships The cases that the US has bombarded Syria and let the aircraft carrier approach the Korean peninsula for times in 2017 are deterrent messages forward Russia and China However, major countries still seek the cooperation in common interests such as counter-terrorism and the spread of weapons of mass destruction The competition has the limit that leading to no confrontation or broken relationships; the cooperation has the limit that leading no large strategic compromises have been set or large strategic compromises have not been set yet The trend of populism and nationalism is emerging strongly, significantly affecting the process of globalization, regionalization, multilateralism as well as the role of international law Populism and nationalism are rising strongly and affecting internal politics and foreign policies of several countries The new point is that this wave is emerging strongly in the region and the developed capitalist countries that have provided the most powerful advocacies for globalization including Europe and North America On the political scene of the US and the UK and several key members of EU, populist forces have either gained the power or won a larger role Meanwhile, developing countries, especially Asian countries, have expressed a view to protect globalization (according to the survey, 75% of Chinese and 68% of Indians have a positive view of the globalization) Under the influence of the populist and nationalist movement, countries tend to value national - ethnic interests over regional and international common interests In particular, the reductions of the interest & commitment & resources of the US for the United Nations and climate change response .under Donald Trump’s government, also have strongly affected the behavior of countries in the manner of reducing confidence in the multilateral institutions and the role of international law, showing more cares for selfish national interests and enlistment of major countries The Asia-Pacific region continues to be at the forefront of economic development and economic links but security is increasingly unstable; the situation of "double supers, multiple powers" is increasingly being formed with the dominant role of the US and China Compared to the world background, the Asia-Pacific region is moving faster due to a number of factors: (i) This is the most dynamic developmented area in the world, with the prospect of becoming the world's new center of power in the 21st century, with the presence of most of the world's most powers which have fierce strategic competition with each other; (ii) This is one of the areas with the highest concentration of potential hotspots directly related to strategic competitions of major countries as well as non-traditional security challenges in the world; (iii) Compared to other regions such as Europe and America, multilateral institutions in the Asia-Pacific region have not developed to the extent that they can handle security challenges in the region There is also no collective security system like many other areas in the world The US and China have a superior overall strength compared to other major powers including Japan, Russia and India Only the US and China have a GDP of over USD 10,000 billion (in 2016, the GDP of the US is USD 18,561 billion and of China is USD 11,391 billion compared to about USD 4,900 billion of Japan, USD 2,500 billion of India and USD 1,500 billion of Russia) The US and China are also powers with the largest military budget in the world: In 2016, the US spent US $ 596 billion, accounting for 40% of global military costs while China's figure was US $ 147 billion and 9.7% By 2017, China has become the largest trading partner of over 130 countries and territories In which, nearly all regional countries, including close allies of the US such as Japan, South Korea, Australia .have the number one trade relationship with China This is an important advantage for China to have important leverage in gathering forces in the region In contrast, the US still has the strength of investment (just behind Japan and EU on investment in Southeast Asia) and still dominates the system of "axes and spokes" - the backbone of the regional security structure of Asia- Pacific Basically, regional countries still "go with China on economics, go with the US on security." The East Asia region has become the place of several most traditional and nontraditional security hotspots of the world while the regional structure is still in the process of forming, multilateral institutions are weak and lack of binding , not able to solve problems in the region The four hotspots of potential conflicts in the region including the Korean Peninsula, the East China Sea, the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea have directly related to the China-US strategic competition and will undoubtedly entice the direct military intervention of the three strongest powers in the world including the US, China and Japan, if the conflict occurs In those hotspots, the Korean Peninsula and the South China Sea are considered hotspots that are most at risk of conflict ASEAN has formed the Community with a population of 630 million USD and at the time of starting the construction of Community, a total GDP of 2,400 billion USD has been achieved (ranked 7th in the world and is expected to be the fourth largest economy in the world by the year 2050) The role of ASEAN is still respected by major countries and partners However, ASEAN has not become a unified entity with a larger role than before, even the "central role" of ASEAN is showing signs of reduction due to internal challenges and policy adjustments of major countries Before the XIX Congress, the ASEAN Community was established over a year, but the level of cooperation was actually relatively low ASEAN is essentially an intergovernmental organization, not really a Community with common policies The level of internal economic integration is very low: trade among ASEAN countries accounts for only about 24% of ASEAN's total trade, while this rate in EU is about 60% ASEAN is facing internal challenges and external challenges In terms of internal issues, except Singapore, out of founding member countries of ASEAN are experiencing domestic problems that need to be addressed Countries such as Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar also face various difficulties related to politics, economy, and separatism due to religious and ethnic conflicts, in which Cambodia and Laos have seriously depended on China That reality is giving the negative affects to the unity, the consensus of the ASEAN, especially on the South China Sea issue In particular, the South China Sea issue continues to be complicated in the field as well as in the politics-diplomatic, legal and gathering forces China has completed the construction of structures in Changsha ; on the one hand, strengthened the presence in the field, aggressively combined militarization with civilization to force regional countries to gradually accept the new status, besides, expressed diplomatic harmony to differentiate regional countries, creating division between countries of ASEAN, not allowed ASEAN to become a unified entity that could be relative counterbalance on China, prevented ASEAN countries from falling towards the US, prevented the US, Japan and India from participating in the South China Sea issue The US has not considered the South China Sea as a priority in regional policy, still focused on dealing with more important issues to the US including the Korean nuclear and trade deficit with China In 2017, despite strengthening the military presence in the South China Sea more than the Obama’s era, Trump’s government still has no clear, formal policy on the South China Sea, not interested in gathering the political - diplomatic force or overall combination of military, political - diplomatic and economic - commercial measures to prevent China’s violations of international law in the South China Sea Other major countries such as Japan, India and some of the major powers in the EU have shown signs of wanting to engage more deeply in the South China Sea, but due to constraints of resources, they cannot afford to influence China's behavior This situation makes the South China Sea more and more beneficial to China and more disadvantageous for the countries of ASEAN in dispute, including Vietnam The gap in comparision of forces of China and the claimant countries in the South China Sea is increasingly diluting in favor of China The uncertainty and trust in the US security commitment forward to the region also makes the internal ASEAN more divided and weakened regarding the South China Sea issue Not only practical countries like Cambodia and Philippines, but also some scupulous countries such as Singapore and Indonesia have also adjusted their approachs towards a more gentle approach to China The field situation as well as the gathering of forces for the South China Sea issue are creating a basis for China to make the "Nine-dash line" claim possible to control and proceed to achieve the goal of monopolizing the South China Sea In the three years from 2014-2017, China has created a total of 1,300 hectares on structures in Changsha, 20 times larger than the total area of all other countries with dispute in Truong Sa combined in the past 40 years II China's international strategy determined at the XIX Congress Xi Jinping's political report presented at the XIX Congress of the CCP has identified great and important goals and tasks for the next phase of China's development, which specify long-term strategic objectives is to make China become a modern socialist power with a national synergy and the world-leading influence by 2050 (implying a clear superpower goal) To achieve that goal, China will continue the full azimuth diplomatic layout, and foreign policy of major country with Chineses features in many fields and levels The report of Xi Jinping has pointed out that, in the last years after the 18th Congress (October 2012), China has achieved great achievements with historical and comprehensive characteristics, bringing several profound & basic changes for China; has solved very difficult problems that could not been solved for many years, made great things that past years have not been able to carry out In which, in terms of economy and society, China continued to maintain a high average growth rate, GDP from RMB 54,000 billion in 2012 (equivalent to USD 8.130 billion) increased to RMB 80,000 billion (USD 12,000 billion), hold the position of world's second largest economy, contributing over 30% to global GDP growth; trade turnover, offshore investment and foreign exchange reserves are constantly leading the world; people's income is higher than economic growth In terms of foreign policy, the full azimuth diplomatic layout continues to be expanded and with depth, the foreign policy of major country with Chineses features are comprehensively deployed in many fields and levels; maintaing the peace & stability of external environment of China, China's international influence, the abilility for calling upon and tectonic capacity are enhanced to the next level; China has implemented a series of major initiatives such as "Belt and Road," Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank; has organized many important events such as APEC Summit (11/ 2014), G20 Summit in Hangzhou (9/2016), High-level International Forum "Belt and Road" (5 / 2017), BRICS Summit in Xiamen (9/2017); China has made great new contributions to regional peace and development and the world However, Xi Jinping's report at the XIX Congress has also pointed out, besides the achievements, China has still had many difficulties and challenges: unbalanced, uneven development have not been resolved; quality and efficiency of development are not high; creative capacity is not strong; the level of economic development is really low; the task of protecting the environment is still difficulty; issues of livelihood of the people such as employment, education and health still face many difficulties; the development and income gaps between urban and rural areas are still large; many reform measures have not been implemented completely; national security is facing a complex new situation because unstable, unidentified factors are emerging, regional hotspots are complicated, non-traditional security risks continue to spread Based on the full assessment and analysis of achievements and limitations over the past years, Xi Jinping's Political Report at the XIX Congress has identified great and important goals and tasks for the next stage of China's development, in which the long-term strategic goal is to bring China to become a modern socialist power, with the national synergy and the worldleading influence by 2050 Xi Jinping has emphasized that the XIX Congress brought China into a new era of socialism with Chinese features and moved to the third stage of development, after China "stood up" (under Mao Zedong’s era), was "rich" (under the Deng Xiaoping’s era), now will be "strong" (under Xi Jinping’s era) At the same time, China's strategic goals and foreign policy in the following stage will also have new changes which produce profound affects to the situation of the world, region and international political situation in the following years Strategic objectives and tasks Xi Jinping's political report continues to affirm the strategic development goal in the new era to successfully implement the socialist modernization, until the middle of the 21 st century, China will become the rich and modern, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist power; to emphasize that the period from the XIX Congress to the XX Congress (2022) is the period of interference of two "goals of 100-year" whereby the first "goals of 100-year" must be successfully implemented with the formation of a entirely well-off society by 2021 (celebrating 100 years of establishment of the Party) while must open a new process, create momentum for the completion of the second "goals of 100-year" by 2049 (100 years of establishment of the Nation ) On that basis, Xi Jinping, for the first time, has identified a two-step roadmap to concretize the implementation of the second "goals of 100-year": (i) from 2021 to 2035, the basic completion of the modernization of socialism is made; (ii) from 2035 to 2049, building China into a modern, rich &strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist power is finished Basically, the long-term goal in China's global strategy after the XIX Congress is still 3In the Political Report, read by General Secretary Xi Jinping at the XIX Congress, the phrase "new era" appears 34 times to rise to become the world's leading power, playing a leading role and having a decisive voice for global issues In which, Xi Jinping has emphasized that the international objectives and tasks would expand the development space to create the new international position and influence, and international strategies would contribute directly and importantly to the successful implementation of the strategy development goals for medium-term & long- term mentioned above The political report of Xi Jinping at the XIX Congress has determined the key objectives and tasks of China in the international strategy for the next time: Persistently promoting the construction of “common community for human destiny (on the basis of upgrading the "common community for Asian destiny"); promoting the establishment of a new type of international relationship (on the basis of upgrading "a new type of relationship of major countries" proposed to the US from 2013); building a global partnership network; resolutely protecting the sovereignty, security and national development benefits In the article on the Diplomatic Thought of General Secretary Xi Jinping, Chinese Foreign Minister -Wang Yi –right before the XIX Congress also has pointed out the key goal and task of foreign policy for next time that "opening a new situation for foreign diplomacy of major nation with Chinese features” by promoting the establishment of "the common community for human destiny”, building “international relationship with new style”, raising " global partnership network” while clarifying the implications of these concepts, in which: common community for human destiny is a policy to build the world with characteristics including lasting peace, broad security, prosperity together, openness, longanimity, beauty and freshness; new-style international relationship with the content of mutual respect, justice, cooperation instead of antagonism, victory together instead of monopoly; building a network of global partnerships is a policy of expanding friendships under the principle of no association, no alliance, raising equal and peaceful and generous partnership, no division of front, no assumed enemy, no aim toward the third party Based on the overall objectives and tasks stated in the XIX Congress, China will focus on implementing a number of objectives and tasks on the following aspects: 4Article published on "Learning Times" - Journal of China Central Party School, September 1, 2017 About security: The most important objective and task is to maintain a peaceful, stable external environment, to consolidate a favorable international environment in order to maintain and extend the period of strategic opportunities for China's development; firmly protect "core interests" especially sovereignty and territorial integrity, national security and development interests; strengthening the gathering of forces, promoting the formation of new regional security frameworks and orders based on national interests About development: Maximize the scope and space of national interests through strengthening interwoven interests with countries, promoting the establishment of a global partner network on the basis of mutually beneficial cooperation, sharing benefit distribution developed as a binding agent; thoroughly exploit the strengths of the regional and world markets, especially the energy and resource markets, actively attract foreign capital, techniques and management experience to serve domestic development, strengthen the National Capability The key task in this phase is to promote implementation of initiatives, regional and inter-regional economic connections that established and lead by China, especially the "Belt and Road" strategy to continue to push strong strategic power to expand the area for developing the marine economic About international position: Continue to expand the scope of influence, further improve the role and voice of China in international issues, first of all in the Asia-Pacific region; strive to create and reinforce the image of "responsible big country" actively participating in leading international political-economic-mechanism and institutions, actively participating in the construction of "game rules," shaping the agenda in global issues China's deep goal is to create a new international position commensurate with the increasing National Capability, step by step promoting the formation of regional and international order that towards China’s benefits Guidelines and ways to achieve strategic goals Xi Jinping's speech at the XIX Congress continued to affirm China's strategy of next time: Persistently go on the path of peace development, implement the strategy of opening doors with mutual benefits and winning; persevering in a new way in the relationship between the country and the country is mutual respect, equal negotiation, non-confrontational dialogue, 5The white paper of "Chinese Development of Peace" issued in September 2011 defines the "core interests" of China, including the following six points: (i) national sovereignty; (ii) national security; (iii) territorial integrity; (iv) unification of the country; (v) the national political regime stipulated by the Constitution and stabilizing the social bureau; (vi) basic assurance for sustainable development of socio-economy 10 In general, China continues to pursue the motto "use economic to promote politics" and foreign affairs policy "stick and carrot" For countries without territorial sovereignty disputes and regional strategic competition with China, China will radically adopt "seductive" foreign affairs policy to strengthen good relations and use soft power economic (aid, investment) to entice, increase influence For countries with territorial sovereignty disputes and a strategic competitor to China in areas such as Japan, India and some Southeast Asian countries (Vietnam, Philippines), China will have a multidimensional approach, taking advantage of cooperation, deterring and imposing, may even use firm measures to handle territorial sovereignty disputes As for ASEAN: China will continue to implement a two-sided policy, both calming and imposing On the one hand, actively mobilizing about the "diamond decade" in China-ASEAN cooperation, promoting the idea of building a community of destiny and new cooperation framework; enticing ASEAN countries to participate in the establishment of the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" to mobilize a number of related countries to participate more deeply in the Mekong - Lan Thuong cooperation initiative On the other side, thoroughly using economic and financial leverage to guide Southeast Asian countries into cooperative trajectories led by China, seeking to entice, divide ASEAN on the issue of East Sea and Security regional security, proactively discourages the involvement of the US and other countries outside the region The deeper involvement of China and other major countries in the region will continue to create great challenges to ASEAN's solidarity, unity and leading role in regional mechanisms For multilateral mechanisms China defines multilateral diplomacy as an important "international arena", a "stage" to express the image of "responsible big country"; actively advocate, actively participate in the reform process and build a global governance system with the aim to: (i) towards building new mechanisms and institutions that benefit China; (ii) protect and promote China's security and development interests outside; (iii) promote multilateralization of international order, re-establish new rules and rules in the region and the world; (iv) enlisting forces in global agendas, improving China's international status In the coming time, China will continue to actively promote diplomatic activities in international and regional mechanisms / forums that benefits China, actively promote its role, voice and strength "vote" in important multilateral institutions such as the United Nations and UN agencies, thereby influencing and participating in leading the reform process, perfecting the 18 global governance system, promoting forming multi-polar, multi-center international politicaleconomic order that benefits China; continue to have a strong voice in support of the role of multilateral trade institutions, demonstrating the leading image of protecting economic globalization, combating protectionism, promoting trade-investment liberalization international; actively lead and shape the agenda in a number of important international economic mechanisms / forums such as WEF, WTO, G20 and APEC Promoting mechanisms and initiatives on regional security and economy About security, China will promote the development of mechanisms and reshaping regional security structures through strengthening and expanding the role of organizations / forums that China has a lot of influence such as CICA, SCO , Xiangshan Forum, ASEAN Defense Ministers Meeting (ADMM +); actively coordinating with Russia to play a leading role to enhance SCO's position in the region, on the one hand to promote the formation of an important alliance in the framework of this mechanism to prevent three forces "terrorism, separatism, extremist religion" maintains peace and stability in China's border areas, on the other hand enlists a non-US and Western organization to promote China's role and influence in international and regional issues Besides, for some security initiatives such as "new Asian security concept" which has not achieved significant results in the past, China will continue to "raise" this issue at the multi-forum regional and international directions to maintain their strategic interests, continue to raise the contention of "Asia's work by Asians" to limit and move away from the involvement of powers of foreign countries, especially the US About fact, China wants to "zone" Asia in its area of influence, wiping out US influence from the region About economics, China with increasing economic and financial potential, is and will seek to challenge the world economic order led by the US after the Second World War through the following steps: (i) The focus is to drastically implement the initiative "Belt and Road," especially key projects along the "Silk Road Economic Belt" (taking the old Silk Road as the main) to promote connection with the Eurasian Economic Union, expand the space and influence of China's economy in Asia and Europe; (ii) consolidate and expand new financial and economic institutions in parallel with existing institutions such as AIIB Bank, BRICS Bank, SCO Bank, Silk Road Fund (currently with a total capital of about USD 200 billion, separate USD 40 billion Silk Road Fund); (iii) focus on promoting bilateral and multilateral FTAs, especially the RCEP Agreement (which is a non-US mechanism), ACFTA 2.0 (China FTA with new ASEAN 19 countries, instead of the actual version) from 2010, FTAAP (FTA of the entire Asia-Pacific region) to compete with institutions led by the US and Japan; (iv) continue to promote the internationalization of the Yuan, creating a position as a key currency of payment and reserves of the world; (v) promote the implementation of the Mekong - Lan Thuong cooperative initiative to compete with existing cooperation mechanisms between the Mekong sub-regions with Japan, South Korea, India and the US Deploying strategy of sea power On the basis of the potentials, objectives and strategic interests in the rise to global power, in the coming time, China will continue to promote the implementation of the "sea power" strategy on all aspects, including The South China Sea will become the key direction China's implementation of this strategy in the context of territorial and maritime disputes between China and neighboring countries that have not been resolved and increasingly complicated will make sovereignty disputes between China and other countries In the area is getting more and more severe, if there is no effective control measures, the occurrence of a collision, even a local conflict, is not excluded About thinking and behavior, China on the one hand will maintain a maximum of harmonious and stable factors to promote cooperation, especially "joint exploitation" but on the other hand will be more resolute and tougher in protecting maritime sovereignty and interests 13; increase mobilization, pressure on both bilateral and multilateral channels to force countries to compromise low intensity, even China can accept small-scale collisions and conflicts with some individual statues to convey the message of deterrence, on the premise not upset the big face, keep the environment relatively stable, not affect the goal of focusing on economic development and building the world power of China About the South China Sea issue, China continues to apply a two-sided policy with more flexible and practical measures On the one hand, promoting dialogue and cooperation, affirming the policy of resolving disagreements by peaceful measures, persisting the stance of dealing with the South China Sea by the "two orbits" method 14 ; continue to push countries in the "joint exploitation" issue to actively work out cooperation projects, using economic benefits to entice and differentiate ASEAN, seek to narrow the scale of the South China Sea issue in the overall China-ASEAN relations; promote propaganda to calm public opinion, prevent the involvement of the US and countries outside the region 20 14 (i) Relevant disputes brought by direct negotiations through friendship negotiations to seek peaceful settlement; (ii) Peace and stability in the South China Sea are jointly protected by China and ASEAN countries On the other hand, China still maintain a strong and assertive viewpoint and action in matters relating to maritime and maritime sovereignty disputes; continue to carry out field activities to break the status quo in the South China Sea, disable the decision of the Arbitration Court (PCA) such as renovating and expanding artificial stone islands, and intensifying insidious inconvenience, strengthen actual control within the "Nine-dash line", gradually controlling the strategic situation in the South China Sea, but at the same time avoiding large-scale military conflicts or breaking ties with other countries III Some assessments on China’s strategy adjustment after the XIX Congress up to now and its impact As for internal politics, foreign control has shifted from a highly focused "collective leader" to a "nuclear leader" focus on Xi Jinping Xi Jinping affirmed the supreme leadership position, made important reforms to enhance China's role and position: establishing Xi Jinping's diplomatic thought is the guiding thought of all activities facing China, expressed in main functions: (i) Clarify the strategic objectives and mission of foreign affairs in the new situation; (ii) Affirming self-confidence in the socialist country with Chinese characteristics; (iii) Emphasize to build a community of same destiny; (iv) Enhance global diplomacy with the goal of developing global partnerships; (v) Determining the construction of the "Belt and Road" to dominate the new external opening layout; (vi) Demonstrate the determination (actually harder) in protecting national sovereignty security interests; (vii) Provide innovative global governance concepts and practices (essentially competing for world leadership with the US and the West); (viii) Emphasize the absolute leadership of the Party in foreign affairs (essentially the leadership role of Xi Jinping) Accordingly, the international strategic focus of China under Xi Jinping, as presented by the Chinese state diplomacy, aims to revive the Chinese nation with the emphasis on "actively act" instead of "wait for time", actively leading new order formation at the regional and global level based on the main pillars is to build "new international relations" and "the common community of humanity ", In which the" Belt and Road "initiative is the main tool and method of deployment China has upgraded the sub-group leads the central foreign affairs into the Central 21 Foreign Affairs Committee, breaking the unwritten rule "7 up down." 15 (from a State perspective) brought former Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Wang Qishan (70 years old) as Vice President and Member of the Central Foreign Affairs Committee Although only a member of the committee, Wang Qishan is considered by the public to be the main responsible for directing and managing China's foreign affairs, having a higher voice than the Vice Chairman of the Committee Prime Minister Li Keqiang and is only behind the Chairman of the Committee, General Secretary and President Xi Jinping 16 In terms of personnel, China has used and promoted top diplomats and enthusiastically supported Xi Jinping: former State Councilor Yang Jiechi was elected as a full-time Politburo member in charge of the Office of the Central Foreign Affairs Committee; Foreign Minister Wang Yi is allowed to join the State Councilor (equivalent to Deputy Prime Minister) 17 In terms of resources, China increased its budget for diplomacy, increasing by 15.6% in 2018, reaching billion USD, nearly doubling the level of the national defense budget of 8.1% In leading, gathering forces, China consulted the experiences of world powers, established the Department of International Development Cooperation like USAID model, KOICA and JICA to build and coordinate the general Foreign aid In addition, China has stepped up its foreign policy adjustment, strengthening its diplomatic diplomacy, with a focus on promoting large foreign diplomacy and neighboring diplomacy, taking large foreign diplomacy as a leverage in handling relations with neighbors, taking neighboring diplomacy as a tool to gather forces, competing with major countries In its overall foreign policy, China has put the relationship with the US on top priority with the goal of not letting the China-US relations fall into conflict, confrontation, to sustain the party environment in addition to peace, stability, creating favorable conditions for China to rise in peace, to achieve the victory of two "goals of 100-year" and the Chinese Dream China's treatment of Taiwan, the China-US trade dispute and the case of the Zhongxing Group (ZTE) show that China is firm in principle, but flexible and pragmatic in strategy 16 According to some sources, the recent moves of China in dealing with relations with the US, Japan and the Korean issue are all advised and advised by the Vice President Wang Qishan 22 17 Before the XIX Congress, Yang Jiechi and Wang Yi all wrote articles praising diplomatic thoughts of Xi Jinping, contributing to creating a public opinion for China to formally establish diplomatic thought of Xi Jinping at the Conference external relations (June 22-23, 2018) On the other hand, China willing to push up the dispute, however there are concessions necessary, to push the US into negotiation and dialogue to keep the situation under control Besides accepting President Trump's claims about ZTE Corporation, China also directed domestic press to limit criticism of President Trump, reducing the commentary on the "Made in China 2025" strategy China has completely abandoned the motto "wait for time" even at regional and international levels In fact, since the XVIII Congress in 2012, China has taken a strategic adjustment, gradually shifting from "wait for time" initiated by Deng Xiaoping to "actively act" with the aim of bringing China from the "stand up" (under Mao Zedong) period, "getting rich" (under Deng Xiaoping) to a "strong up" period (under Xi Jinping) But it is not until the XIX Congress of 2017, China's position and power as well as international and regional conditions, especially the seemingly "shrinking" US expression under Trump to focus on domestic issues, China has completely abandoned the motto "wait for time", openly expressed ambition and strategic intentions at both regional and global levels Accordingly, the XIX Congress marks China's total abandonment of the motto "wait for time" 18 shifted to "actively act", affirming "great diplomatic with Chinese characteristics in the new era" XIX Congess is also the first time China has publicly identified a three-step roadmap to become a world superpower in 2049, publicly affirming its ambition to become a "world leader", arguing that China "has ever gotten closer to the world central arena" This is considered a "declaration of war" directly to other major countries, especially the US In practical implementation, China's total abandonment of “wait for time" is reflected in three main points: Firstly, China tends to further expand the scope of national interests, demonstrating a more rigid approach in matters of sovereignty claims: after officially raising the South China Sea to "core interests" (7/2017) 19, bringing the island's achievements to the Political Report at the XIX Congress, after the XIX Congress and the Congressional Session (the first session of the 2018-2023 term), China has taken the Initiative "Belt and Road ”(BRI) into the Constitution amends, announcing the" White Book of Arctic Policy "(1/2018) etc In the East Sea, in addition to suppressing disputed countries such as Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei, for 23 non-disputing countries like Indonesia, China also increased pressure, opposing Indonesia's partial renaming of the East Sea to "North Natuna Sea" Second, direct competition with the US over not only geographical - economy and strategy as before, but also both models / values The internal difficulties of the US and EU through the phenomena of Donald Trump and Brexit make China think that the Western multiparty democracy model has problems Therefore, China has moved from being passive to active Xi Jinping claims that the Chinese model is a new option for countries, demonstrating China's wisdom and approach to solving human problems At the congregation meeting in early 2018, Xi Jinping confirmed that other countries should consult China's "new political system model" Although it still insists that it does not seek to "revolutionize export", that fact shows that China is seeking to disseminate its model / value system outside Third, promote propaganda to show the "responsible big country" image in handling regional and global issues such as promoting globalization in opposition to US protectionism, more proactive leading international efforts to respond to climate change after the US announced its withdrawal from CORP-21 etc XIX Congress stressed that China will actively contribute "Chinese wisdom and plans" to international issues, actively participating in the formulation and shape of global governance Xi Jinping's speech at Boao forum confirmed that China continues to reform, open the door, promote globalization and win-win cooperation In parallel with focusing on handling relations with the United States, China is also actively taking advantage of the US shrinking to strengthen its internal strength and the EU falls into a difficult, internal rift like Brexit, anti-protectionism globalization etc to promote global roles and influences, promote the actual implementation of the "Belt and Road" initiative (BRI), demonstrating the "lead" image at multilateral fora (WEF Davos, G20, APEC), especially in economic globalization, trade liberalization, significantly improving diplomatic influence, international status and soft power on a regional and global scale The Asian Power Index report of the Lowy Institute, Australia (May 8, 2018) shows that China now has the largest diplomatic influence in the region, exceeding the US for the first time.20 10 About the gathering of forces, for the first time, the concept of global values of China such as "Common destiny community" and "new international relations" are mapped with the 1020 In terms of overall strength, the United States ranked highest with 85/100 points, China ranked second with 75.5 points; But with the diplomatic power criteria, China reached 89.4 points, the US achieved 83.8 points 24 motto "win-win cooperation" Unlike the United States, China continues its non-coalition policy but strengthens the construction of a "global partnership network" and "circle of friends" under the motto of flexibility, without relying on ideology but grounds into national interests and on the basis of development benefits By the end of 2017, China has built a strategic partnership and comprehensive partnerships with more than 100 countries and regional and international organizations (including more than 50 strategic partners are countries) For the current international institutional system, China: (i) make the most of the institutions that are in their favor, including the United Nations and the WTO; (ii) pressuring global governance reforms, especially in areas and issues that China does not match with its potential and benefits and (iii) building institutions that exist but compete with the institutions dominated by the US and the West Specifically, China strives to promote the Boao Forum to counterbalance the World Economic Forum Davos, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) counterbalance with ADB, Xiangshan Forum to counterbalance with Shangri-la Dialogue China also seeks to institutionalize regional multilateral cooperation mechanisms that are dominated by itself and without the participation of the United States, such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), and the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA) etc The "Belt and Road" initiative is promoted to implement in reality, more clearly expressed through BRI to expand strategic space, gather forces, lead the shaping of regional order by China plays a key role By early 2018, BRI attracted more than 80 countries with a total population of 70%, GDP 30% and trade 25% of the world As of April 2018, China signed 101 cooperation agreements with 86 countries and international organizations within the BRI framework; signed 16 Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with 24 countries and territories such as: Korea, Pakistan, ASEAN, Peru, Chile etc In the five years 2012-2017, the total trade turnover between China and BRI countries reached over USD 5,000 billion Particularly in 2017, trade turnover between China and BRI countries reached 1.440 billion USD, China invested 14.4 billion USD in BRI countries, the total contract value of construction projects reached 144.3 billion USD Along with AIIB, other Chinese banks also pledged about $ 900 billion for projects within the BRI framework Recently, China continues to offer the initiative "4 + 1" 21 11 In order to promote economic cooperation with Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines, together 1121 This initiative was first raised by Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang during his official visit to Indonesia in May 2018 25 with the Mekong - Lan Thuong cooperation mechanism to promote BRI implementation in Southeast Asia China continues to promote the implementation of the strategy of "sea power", focusing on developing marine economy, marine science and technology and comprehensively enhancing the capacity to enforce sovereignty at sea In the period of 2013-2017, the proportion of marine economy in China GDP always maintained at 9.4%; Marine science research has made significant progress, successfully built the largest and most modern deepwater oil and gas drilling rig in the world, high-capacity dredger for construction of artificial islands, diving ships Long etc In the South China Sea , China continues to demonstrate a tough stance on territorial sovereignty, on the one hand, take advantage of political, diplomatic and economic measures to pull pulling countries in line with China's views, simultaneously adjusting their tactics in terms of tactics, reducing the mention of "Nine-dash Line", changing to the "Four Sha" claim to avoid criticism of the international community, refuse the PCA Judgment; on the other hand, promoting dialogue and cooperation, mobilizing, pressing countries in the issue of "joint exploitation", promoting propaganda to calm public opinion, sending signals about China and ASEAN countries completely COC can be built and the South China Sea dispute resolved, to prevent the involvement of the US and other countries outside the region China is much tougher in regional security issues, especially the policy of dealing with territorial and island disputes with countries The cause of this adjustment is a combination of two factors: First, the great nationalism in China increasingly dominates foreign policy, and is also the card used by Chinese leaders for internal consolidation (Xi Jinping is the first senior leader of China publicly stated that the islands in South China Sea are inherent territories of China for thousands of years", according to the South China Morning Post, Xi Jinping himself directly pointed a campaign to restore the island in the South China Sea Therefore, there is almost no chance for China to compromise in the maritime disputes Secondly, Xi Jinping successfully established the "marshal" position of the armed forces, through military reform, established the National Security Committee, rearranged the entire leadership team, only High-ranking commanders in the military, armed police and police, intelligence, hold and tightly control these forces In order to enlist the support of military generals and stabilizers, especially the reduction of 300,000 soldiers (in 2016), the position and role of the Chinese army is valued and has a greater right to decision making policy 26 decisions, especially for issues related to national security and territorial sovereignty, and strong military decentralization This has led China to have a tougher policy, potentially more localized conflicts and conflicts between China and its neighbors, especially in sovereignty disputes and territories In deployment, China promoted a parallel policy between "power" and "military force", deploying the largest-scale military reform ever, maintaining its position as the No military power in Asia, the second highest defense budget increase in the world (2017, 2018, respectively, 157 billion USD, up 7% and 175 billion USD, up 8.1%), just behind the US but greater than the national budget of all East Asian countries combined Since the XVIII Congress, China has given priority to developing naval, air force, strategic missiles, electronic warfare and cyberspace, accelerating the building of combat capability, long-range combat and electronic warfare, cyberspace, aiming to improve sea combat capability and combat in the electromagnetic environment of modern warfare, create greater military deterrence and expand from territorial protection to The protection of China's interests is growing globally, especially in the BRI region In the South China Sea, a few years ago, China only put pressure on the disputing countries in positions relatively close to the Paracels and Spratlys (like the HD-981 case in 2014), but now has forced it all the whole continental shelf of southeastern Vietnam (through the Lot 136/03 and Lot 07/03) Currently, China is both pressing and enticing sedatives of the Philippines, Malaysia, and Vietnam etc into "joint exploitation" under the motto "sovereignty at the falls, guarding disputes and joint exploitation" to force countries defaulted on China's sovereignty over maritime areas within the "Nine-dash line" In South Asia, China proactively caused a long-standing confrontation with India in the disputed Doklam region between China and Bhutan, which is strategically important between the three countries China, India and Bhutan Despite significant results, the adjustments in China's international strategy are also facing great difficulties Firstly, potential risks, political and economic and social instability: On Politically, Xi Jinping concentrates too much power to create a cult of individualism, a negative impact on democracy in the Party and society, potentially leading to oppression setting the subjective will from top to bottom authority, making the decision-making process lack of democracy, not logic, even making mistakes, restraining the country's development as happened in previous periods 27 The consequences of the recent China-US trade war have made China insidiously reveal divisions; much of the criticism criticized China for abandoning the motto "wait for time" and Xi Jinping's views on foreign affairs as a "declaration of war", challenging the US too soon to make the US "action "drastically in the recent period In addition, the tightening of internal politics and the drastic anti-corruption increase internal tension, curb creative innovation, negatively impact economic development, leading to the situation of leaders "dare to strong ", only maintain" enough" so as not to make mistakes On Socio-economic, public debt increased, excess production capacity, rich and poor disparities, unbalanced development among regions, environmental pollution were long-standing problems Basically, China is difficult to solve in a short time In which, China's total debt is now up to 28,000 billion USD, equivalent to 250% of GDP, much higher than 100% of US GDP; Excessive steel and coal production capacity must be cut in the period 2016-2018 of 150 tons of steel, 800 million tons of coal and China still has more than 40 million people living below the poverty line, polluted ecological environment serious Secondly, the implementation of the "Made in China 2025" Plan is facing many challenges, especially the containment and containment of the US and the West: Although China has won many breakthrough achievements in science and technology, but the ability to selfresearch and develop core technologies and components is very limited Currently, almost 100% of Chinese computer and electronics technology chips must rely on imports from outside, especially the US Xi Jinping is very concerned about this situation, comparing China's dependence on foreign technology like "building houses on other people's nails" Recent China -US trade disputes surrounding the Zhongxing Group (ZTE) show that key core and components technology is a critical weakness of the China economy that the US will actively control Recently, the US, Japan and the EU are having consensus in preventing China from taking over and mastering key technologies, especially to prevent Chinese investors from buying and selling , annexing high-tech companies, such as the arrest of the Chief Financial Officer and the daughter of Huawei Technology Group President (Guang Yi) with alleged violations of US regulations on sanctions of Iran Thirdly, the risk of separatism: Taiwanese leader Tsai Ing-wen pursues a tough policy, does not recognize the "one China" principle, reacting strongly to China's strengthening of 28 military and economic pressure and isolating Taiwan diplomatic 2212 ; President Donald Trump's administration strengthens the real relationship with Taiwan, through a number of laws that challenge China's red limit, adding variables to the situation on the two sides of the Taiwan The Democratic movement in Hong Kong, Macau (the movement opposed to the goal of "mixing" the Hong Kong, Macau and Mainland) and the separatist issue in Xinjiang, Tibet continued to threaten the security and territorial integrity of China Fourthly, China -US competition and geographic environment - strategies around China are increasingly complicated: Although comparing forces that are developing in a way that benefits China, the world and force still have a certain distance from the US The US publicly identified China and Russia as No competitors, increasing pressure on China in all aspects, both diplomatic, economic, and military politics; strengthen the gathering of forces, entice allies and partners to curb and control China's rise, most clearly reflected in the National Security Strategy and Defense Strategy and protectionism (the peak is the trade war) of the US under President Trump The rise of China, accompanied by its decisive behavior, China's territorial ambitions and the risk of economic dependence that makes its neighbors at different levels feel insecure, concerned, tending to "double defense", enlisting China economically but seeking to entice the US to strengthen its regional presence to ensure strategic balance The hotspots around China such as the Korean Peninsula, Taiwan, and the South China Sea, although still controlled, are always in a state of tension, appearing complicated by the direction of creating disadvantages for China Fifthly, the implementation of BRI is facing many difficulties and challenges: China's BRI ambitions are too big but financial capacity is limited Officials of the Research and Development Center under the State Council of China admitted that the fund for BRI projects is still short of about 500 billion USD / year Some BRI countries are wary of the risk of falling into China's "debt trap" (as is the case in Malaysia), concerned about the quality and progress of projects deployed by China Pakistan, Nepal and Myanmar refused to cooperate with China in a number of hydropower projects worth tens of billions of dollars Western countries are increasingly reacting negatively to BRI 27/28 EU ambassadors in Beijing signed BRI criticism 1222 Since 2001, there have been 14 countries cut off diplomatic relations with Taiwan, of which countries cut ties with Taiwan while Tsai Ing-wen took power 29 documents (4/2018); The US - Japan - Australia - India quartet co-ordinates the "freedom and open Indian Ocean - Pacific" strategy to counterbalance BRI The prospect of China's international strategy implementation in the coming time will gain some certain results, but it will be difficult and impossible to win all the ambitious goals set by the XIX Congress China's foreign policy in the next - years will follow the diplomatic ideology of Xi Jinping, more confident and assertive under the motto of "actively act", opening a new face for foreign diplomacy of Chinese characteristics, most likely to be implemented in the following main directions: - In terms of strategic areas , China will continue to promote global diplomacy, promoting influence globally, which focuses on expanding the area of influence and strategic space from East Asia - Pacific to vertical lines of initiative "Belt, road" including: (i) Northeast Asia, Central Asia, Russia, CIS; (ii) Southeast Asia, South Asia, Middle East - Africa, EU - About the priority focus , in the next - years, China will focus on 03 key tasks, namely: (i) handling China-US relations, especially in the context of strategic competition, trade wars aimed at resolving US and Western restraint and containment for China's rise; (ii) addressing regional security hotspots, the focus is to effectively intervene in the process of resolving the Korean nuclear issue (the problem that has been shown by the US and its allies, Japan over time) dominated in the process of strong reconciliation) and the South China Sea (the problem is forecasted that the US will intervene substantially and strongly next time); (iii) continue to promote and expand cooperation and connection within the framework of the "Belt and Road" initiative - Strategic measures that China can use: + About external politics: (i) strengthening the construction of "Common destiny of humanity" and "new international relations", establishing a global partner network to expand influence and gather force quality, promote benefits on a global scale; (ii) actively participate in reforming the global governance system by promoting reforms at the United Nations, WTO, G20, changing the rules of the game in a way that is consistent with China's interests; (iii) make full use of "prime minister diplomacy" and "host diplomacy" to promote the new conception of value, consolidate cooperation mechanisms led by China and differentiate alkaline forces institutionalization of China's rise; (iv) use all factors (Party, Human, Politics, people, scholar, 30 cultural, economic, etc.) to support the State foreign channel, enhance influence and soft power; (v) maintain a rigid stance combining economic, soft economic deterrence on issues related to core interests + Economic: (i) continue to open markets, both in trade, investment, services, finance, insurance, increasing the attractiveness of the market; building image contrasted with the protection policy of Trump government, thereby enhancing China's prestige and economic position, promoting the formation of an economic hub for China; (ii) promoting "going out" by aid, lending, exporting production capacity, tourism; using economic leverage to entice regional countries and developing countries into orbital cooperation to benefit China; (iii) promote the implementation of BRI, AIIB, MLC and cooperation mechanisms promoted and played by China, to enhance China's position in the global economic order, step by step improve the edge painting and eroding economic institutions led by the US and the West; (iv) continue to promote its leading role in promoting the trend of economic globalization, multilateralism, trade and investment liberalization, competition leadership, shaping the agenda the global + Military: (i) strengthening military power in the direction of focusing on defense modernization, enhancing combat capacity and long-range combat and multi-dimensional multidimensional combat of the air force and navy; (ii) opening more military bases in foreign countries, building a logistics base to support China to expand outside; (iii) increasing military aid, organizing bilateral and multilateral exercises to show off military power, protect China's interests abroad, especially within the framework of "Belt and Road" - About the method of deployment : (i) rigid in principle, flexible in how to deploy, in each issue and specific time; (ii) take advantage of the opportunity that the US and the West shrink to expand their influence; (iii) a combination of "carrot and stick", between "soft" and "hard", but inclined to persuade and entice; (iv) maintaining relationships with all partners; with each partner build relationships with all localities, gender and industry; (v) combining bilateral and multilateral diplomacy, taking multilateral to promote bilateral, bilateral to impact multilateral; (vi) more drastic and methodical in promoting the strategy of maritime powers, including the South China Sea issue However, the rise of China in the coming time will also be more difficult and challenging than the previous development periods 31 In the domestic context, although completing the hard targets of economic development in the first "goals of 100-year", China is unlikely to fully solve 03 outstanding socio-economic issues, namely risk financial risk, poverty reduction, environmental pollution due to: (i) China's financial and debt risks are at a high level of potential systematic risk In 2017, China's central bank governor Zhou Xiaochuan once admitted that China's financial risks exist many problems and in a wide range with insidious, complex, unexpected and spread characteristics and dangerous; (ii) to eradicate poverty for more than 40 million people, from now until 2021, China needs to bring about 15 million people out of poverty every year This is a very difficult task because China's economy has passed a period of hot development and is in the deceleration phase; (iii) environmental pollution, many experts expect China to take about 10-20 years and 1,000 billion USD to basically solve this problem In addition, to rise to become a world power, China must overcome the "middle income" trap International practice shows that, among the 101 countries that have achieved average income in the 1960s, only 13 countries have succeeded in escaping the middle-income trap and are all reformed according to the population model more owner About foreign affairs, strategic security pressure is growing The more China outstretched, the US and its allies are increasingly pressuring and controlling China In particular, the actual effect of trade war has helped the US and other countries see " grave" of China and it is certain that the US will prolong trade policy with China The regional security hotspots such as the situation of the Korean peninsula, the China-India border, the South China Sea and East China issues which are complicated, unpredictable, potentially at risk of conflict and unfavorable trends for China is clear Besides, China's soft power and international influence are limited Many value concepts initiated by China have not been widely acknowledged by suspicious countries and concerned about China The policy of "guarding disputes, joint exploitation" was introduced by China for nearly 40 years but countries did not respond Although the Chinese model of development is successful in its country, it is not really attractive, even countries closely to like Cambodia and Pakistan also not follow this model On the other hand, China has not built up a global network of reliable and reliable partners like the US alliance system; only one military base is outside (in Djibouti) 32 ... Macau (the movement opposed to the goal of "mixing" the Hong Kong, Macau and Mainland) and the separatist issue in Xinjiang, Tibet continued to threaten the security and territorial integrity of. .. become the rich and modern, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist power; to emphasize that the period from the XIX Congress to the XX Congress (2022) is the period of. .. especially the "Belt and Road" strategy to continue to push strong strategic power to expand the area for developing the marine economic About international position: Continue to expand the scope of