Mật mã dữ liệu ảnh ứng dụng kỹ thuật hỗn loạn

BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA HÀ NỘI HOÀNG XUÂN THÀNH MẬT Mà DỮ LIỆU ẢNH ỨNG DỤNG KỸ THUẬT HỖN LOẠN LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ KỸ THUẬT ĐIỆN TỬ HÀ NỘI - 2019 BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA HÀ NỘI HOÀNG XUÂN THÀNH MẬT Mà DỮ LIỆU ẢNH ỨNG DỤNG KỸ THUẬT HỖN LOẠN Ngành: Kỹ thuật điện tử Mã số: 9520203 LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ KỸ THUẬT ĐIỆN TỬ NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: PGS.TS HOÀNG MẠNH THẮNG HÀ NỘI - 2019 LỜI CAM ĐOAN Tôi xin cam đoan kết trình bày Luận án cơng trình nghiên cứu tơi hướng dẫn PGS.TS Hoàng Mạnh Thắng Các số liệu, kết trình bày luận án hồn tồn trung thực chưa công bố cơng trình trước Các kết sử dụng tham khảo trích dẫn đầy đủ theo quy định Hà nội, ngày 06 tháng 11 năm 2019 Tác giả Hoàng Xuân Thành LỜI CÁM ƠN Để hồn thành Luận án này, tơi xin gửi lời biết ơn sâu sắc đến Thày cô Bộ mơn Điện tử Kỹ thuật máy tính, Viện Điện tử–Viễn thông hỗ trợ, giúp đỡ động viên tơi suốt q trình làm luận án tiến sĩ Trường Đại học Bách khoa Hà Nội Tôi gửi lời cám ơn đến người hướng dẫn, PGS Hoàng Mạnh Thắng, người bảo định hướng cho trình nghiên cứu Xin cám ơn nhiều! Hà nội, ngày 06 tháng 11 năm 2019 Mục lục Trang DANH MỤC CÁC TỪ VIẾT TẮT iv DANH SÁCH HÌNH VẼ vii DANH SÁCH BẢNG x MỞ ĐẦU Chương 1: TỔNG QUAN VỀ HÀM HỖN LOẠN VÀ ẢNH SỐ 1.1 Giới thiệu 1.2 Mật mã đại phân loại .7 1.2.1 Định nghĩa 1.2.2 Phân loại mật mã 1.3 Hệ thống hỗn loạn 11 1.3.1 Hệ hỗn loạn liên tục theo thời gian 11 1.3.2 Hệ hỗn loạn rời rạc theo thời gian 12 1.3.2.1 Hàm Logistic 13 1.3.2.2 Hàm Henon 13 1.3.2.3 Hàm Cat 14 1.3.2.4 Hàm hỗn loạn Cat-Hadamard 14 1.3.2.5 Hàm Standard .15 1.3.2.6 Hàm Skew tent 15 1.3.2.7 Hàm Chebyshev 16 1.3.2.8 Hàm hỗn loạn không gian-thời gian 16 1.4 Các thuộc tính hàm hỗn loạn phù hợp cho ứng dụng mật mã 16 1.4.1 Các thuộc tính 16 1.4.2 Các tham số tính chất hàm hỗn loạn dùng mật mã 18 1.5 Tạo chuỗi ngẫu nhiên dùng hàm hỗn loạn 20 1.5.1 Tạo chuỗi bit ngẫu nhiên 21 1.5.2 Tạo chuỗi số giả ngẫu nhiên 22 1.6 Ảnh số đặc điểm 23 1.6.1 Biểu diễn ảnh số 23 1.6.2 Các đặc trưng liệu ảnh 24 1.7 Kết luận 26 i Chương 2: MẬT Mà ẢNH Ở MỨC BIT ỨNG DỤNG KỸ THUẬT HỖN LOẠN 2.1Giới thiệu 2.2 Mơ hình mật mã cấu trúc SPN 2.2.1 Hoán vị điểm ảnh sử dụn 2.2.1.2 Luật hoán vị dựa vào biến 2.2.2 Phép thay sử dụng hỗn 2.2.2.1 Phép thay không tạo 2.2.2.2 Thay có lan truyền 2.3 Đề xuất hệ mật mã hỗn loạn làm việc mức bit 2.3.1 Đề xuất 1: Hệ mật mã dựa 2.3.1.5 Kết thiết kế mạch cứn 2.3.2 Đề xuất 2: Hệ mật mã hỗn loạ 2.3.2.2 Giải thuật giải mật 2.3.2.3 Chi phí tính tốn 2.3.2.4 Giải thuật phân phối khóa 2.4 Chương 3: PHÂN TÍCH MẬT Mà HỖN LOẠN CĨ CẤU TRÚC SPN 3.1 Giới thiệu 69 3.2 Một số qui ước phân tích mã 71 3.3 Mô tả hệ mật mã hỗn loạn đề xuất W Zhang 71 3.4 Đề xuất 3: Phân tích hệ mật mã hỗn loạn có cấu trúc SPN với vòng lặp mã75 3.4.1 Tấn cơng lựa chọn rõ 76 3.4.1.1 Tấn cơng vào q trình hốn vị 76 3.4.1.2 Tấn công vào khuếch tán 79 ii 3.4.2 Tấn công lựa chọn mã 83 3.4.2.1 Tấn cơng q trình hốn vị ngược 83 3.4.2.2 Tấn công khuếch tán ngược 87 3.4.3 Ước lượng thời gian công 90 3.4.3.1 Thời gian cơng hốn vị 90 3.4.3.2 Thời gian công khuếch tán .91 3.4.4 Một số bàn luận cơng vòng lặp mã 92 3.5 Đề xuất 4: Phân tích mật mã hỗn loạn có cấu trúc SPN với nhiều vòng lặp mã 93 3.5.1 Giải thuật mật mã giải mật nhiều vòng lặp mã 93 3.5.2 Phân tích mã 95 3.5.2.1 Nhận diện điểm yếu hệ mật mã 96 3.5.2.2 Khơi phục luật hốn vị 101 3.5.3 Đề xuất phương pháp nâng cao bảo mật cho hệ mật mã .110 3.5.4 Kết luận .120 KẾT LUẬN VÀ HƯỚNG PHÁT TRIỂN 121 DANH MỤC CƠNG TRÌNH CƠNG BỐ CỦA LUẬN ÁN 123 TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 124 iii Danh sách từ viết tắt VIẾT TẮT 1D 2D AES BIC CCA CML COA CPA Cdr Cdr DBAP FIPS 199 HSV ID IP KPA LFSR NIST NPCR PRESENT PWLCM PAPC PKI iv PV RGB UACI SAC SAFER SPN SV v q trình hốn vị điểm ảnh; giá trị điểm ảnh dùng để tác động vào đặc tính động hàm hỗn loạn q trình khuếch tán Việc tác động xảy bit biểu diễn giá trị biến trạng thái hàm hỗn loạn bit biểu diễn vị trí giá trị điểm ảnh Hàm hỗn loạn Logistic dùng ví dụ minh họa Phần cứng cho hệ mật thiết kế dùng ngôn ngữ VHDL để thực FPGA với kết đạt mong muôn Hệ mật mã thứ hai đề xuất có cấu trúc SPN thực mật mã cho ảnh mức bit Quá trình xáo trộn liệu dựa hàm hỗn loạn Cat trình khuếch tán dùng hàm Cat-Hadamard nhiều chiều (2) Đề xuất phương pháp phân tích mã cho hệ mật mã có cấu trúc SPN với vòng lặp mã nhiều vòng lặp mã Các phương pháp nêu lỗ hổng bảo mật hệ mật mã hỗn loạn có cấu trúc SPN đề xuất W Zhang đồng nghiệp Từ điểm yếu này, hệ mật mã phân tích thành cơng luật hốn vị liệu ảnh khơi phục với chế công lựa chọn rõ lựa chọn mã trường hợp vòng lặp mã Cơ chế cơng lựa chọn mã áp dụng thành công để khôi phục luật hoán vị bên giải mã trường hợp hệ mật mã có nhiều vòng lặp mã Lỗ hổng bảo mật hệ mật mã hỗn loạn W Zhang đồng nghiệp khắc phục qua đề xuất phương pháp nâng cao nâng cao khả bảo mật Trong trường hợp, trình khuếch tán tăng cường cách thêm ràng buộc từ mật Tất đóng góp chứng minh có hiệu thơng qua lập luận, đại lượng đánh giá ví dụ minh họa Hướng phát triển Nội dung Luận án nghiên cứu khía cạnh lý thuyết đánh giá, chứng minh hiệu qua ví dụ minh họa Để nghiên cứu hệ mật mã ứng 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Mật mã ảnh mức bit ứng dụng kỹ thuật hỗn loạn: Các mơ hình, cấu trúc, phương pháp chung ứng dụng hỗn loạn để hình thành hệ mật mã trình bày Những cải tiến hệ mật mã ứng dụng hỗn loạn theo hướng... bất đối xứng • Phân loại theo cách sử dụng khóa mật ta có mật mã khóa cơng khai (hay mật mã bất đối xứng) mật mã khóa riêng tư (hay mã đối xứng) Hệ mật mã đối xứng hệ mật mã có khóa mật dùng