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FM 3-05.301 (FM 33-1-1) MCRP 3-40.6A Psychological Operations Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures DECEMBER 2003 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Distribution authorized to U.S Government agencies and their contractors only to protect technical or operational information from automatic dissemination under the International Exchange Program or by other means This determination was made on 14 November 2003 Other requests for this document must be referred to Commander, United States Army John F Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, ATTN: AOJK-DT-PO, Fort Bragg, North Carolina 28310-5000 DESTRUCTION NOTICE: Destroy by any method that must prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document Headquarters, Department of the Army *FM 3-05.301(FM 33-1-1) MCRP 3-40.6A HEADQUATERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Field Manual No 3-05.301 Washington, DC, 31 December 2003 Psychological Operations Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures Contents Page PREFACE iv Chapter OVERVIEW .1-1 Full-Spectrum Operations .1-1 PSYOP Missions .1-2 PSYOP Functions 1-3 PSYOP and Information Operations .1-4 Summary 1-6 Chapter COMMAND AND CONTROL OF PSYOP FORCES 2-1 PSYOP Staff Officer or Noncommissioned Officer 2-1 PSYOP Assessment Team .2-2 PSYOP Support Element 2-4 PSYOP Task Force 2-4 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Distribution authorized to U.S Government agencies and their contractors only to protect technical or operational information from automatic dissemination under the International Exchange Program or by other means This determination was made on 14 November 2003 Other requests for this document must be referred to Commander, United States Army John F Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, ATTN: AOJK-DT-PO, Fort Bragg, North Carolina 28310-5000 DESTRUCTION NOTICE: Destroy by any method that must prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document Marine Corps distribution: PCN 14400013500 *This publication supersedes FM 33-1-1, May 1994 i FM 3-05.301 Page Use of Digital Systems by PSYOP Forces 2-25 Summary .2-30 Chapter INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION OF THE BATTLESPACE 3-1 Four-Step PSYOP Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace Process 3-2 Area of Operations and the Battlespace: Implications for PSYOP 3-3 PSYOP Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace Products 3-13 Summary .3-16 Chapter PSYOP PLANNING PROCESS .4-1 Supported Unit Planning 4-1 Operational Planning 4-25 Summary .4-44 Chapter TARGET AUDIENCE ANALYSIS 5-1 Target Audience Analysis Process 5-1 Summary .5-24 Chapter PSYOP DEVELOPMENT .6-1 PSYOP Development Center 6-2 Phases of the PSYOP Development Process 6-11 Summary .6-29 Chapter EVALUATION OF PRODUCT EFFECTIVENESS 7-1 Product Pretesting 7-1 Impact Assessment and Posttesting .7-11 Summary .7-14 Chapter TACTICAL PSYOP FUNCTIONS AND ORGANIZATION .8-1 Tactical PSYOP Battalion .8-1 Tactical PSYOP Company 8-1 Tactical PSYOP Detachment 8-6 Operations Supported by Tactical PSYOP 8-32 PSYOP Support to Army Special Operations Forces Core Tasks 8-35 Summary .8-36 Chapter PSYOP MEDIA PRODUCTION 9-1 Production Process 9-1 Organic Print Assets .9-1 Nonorganic Print Assets 9-2 ii FM 3-05.301 Page Visual Product Production 9-2 Audio and Audiovisual Assets 9-11 Contracted Production Assets 9-20 Other Production Assets 9-20 Summary 9-21 Chapter 10 DISTRIBUTION AND DISSEMINATION OF PSYOP PRODUCTS 10-1 Distribution Methods 10-1 Dissemination Factors 10-5 Summary 10-20 Chapter 11 PROPAGANDA ANALYSIS AND COUNTERPROPAGANDA 11-1 Terminology 11-1 Counterpropaganda Process 11-4 Summary 11-26 Chapter 12 PSYOP SUPPORT TO INTERNMENT/RESETTLEMENT 12-1 Mission 12-1 Mission-Essential Tasks 12-1 Operational Concepts and Procedures 12-2 Internment/Resettlement Detachment 12-2 Summary 12-10 Appendix A PSYOP AND THE TARGETING PROCESS A-1 Appendix B RESERVE MOBILIZATION B-1 Appendix C PSYOP MAPPING SYMBOLS C-1 Appendix D ADVERTISING AND SOCIAL MARKETING D-1 Appendix E TRIP REPORT FORMAT E-1 Appendix F AFTER ACTION REPORT FORMAT F-1 Appendix G PRODUCT NUMBERING COUNTRY CODES G-1 Appendix H USE OF INTERPRETERS .H-1 Appendix I PSYOP IN SUPPORT OF STABILITY OPERATIONS I-1 Appendix J PSYOP IN SUPPORT OF UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE J-1 Appendix K LEAFLET OPERATIONS K-1 Appendix L WEIGHTS, MEASURES, AND CONVERSION TABLES L-1 GLOSSARY Glossary-1 BIBLIOGRAPHY Bibliography-1 INDEX Index-1 iii Preface Field Manual (FM) 3-05.301 presents tactics, techniques, and procedures for implementing United States (U.S.) Army Psychological Operations (PSYOP) doctrine in FM 3-05.30, Psychological Operations FM 3-05.301 provides general guidance for commanders, planners, and PSYOP personnel who must plan and conduct effective PSYOP across the full spectrum of operations This manual also provides guidance for PSYOP personnel to accomplish a broad range of missions successfully, using the latest organizational structure, terminology, and capabilities FM 3-05.301 is a guide, not a regulation As such, the tactics, techniques, and procedures it presents should not limit creativity or imagination, provided that they adhere to Army doctrine, U.S national policy, and the commander’s intent The targeted user of this manual is primarily the PSYOP community Written to give PSYOP officers, noncommissioned officers (NCOs), enlisted Soldiers, and civilians standardized PSYOP doctrine, FM 3-05.301 is a comprehensive how-to manual, focusing on critical PSYOP tasks, duties, and responsibilities This manual describes procedures and provides templates for conducting the five PSYOP missions and seven PSYOP functions in a systematic, chronological fashion Its organization generally follows the PSYOP development process, from planning through execution This manual contains numerous acronyms, abbreviations, and terms Users should refer to the Glossary at the back of this manual for their meanings or definitions The proponent of this manual is the United States Army John F Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School (USAJFKSWCS) Submit comments and recommended changes to Commander, USAJFKSWCS, ATTN: AOJK-DT-PO, Fort Bragg, NC 28310-5000 Unless this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns not refer exclusively to men This manual does not implement any international standardization agreements (STANAGs) iv Chapter Overview All military action is intertwined with psychological forces and effects Carl von Clausewitz On War, 1827 PSYOP are planned operations that convey selected information and indicators to foreign target audiences (TAs) to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately, the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals The purpose of all PSYOP is to create in neutral, friendly, or hostile foreign groups the emotions, attitudes, or desired behavior that support the achievement of U.S national objectives and the military mission In doing so, PSYOP influence not only policy and decisions, but also the ability to govern, the ability to command, the will to fight, the will to obey, and the will to support The combination of PSYOP products and actions create in the selected TAs a behavior that supports U.S national policy objectives and the theater commander’s intentions at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels The nature of PSYOP is varied and ever changing PSYOP personnel must support a broad range of missions and force structures in environments ranging from austere to highly sophisticated PSYOP are planned, coordinated, and executed before, during, and after conflicts, and must be integrated at all echelons to achieve its full force-multiplier potential A force multiplier of special operations forces (SOF), PSYOP forces are assigned to the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), based on the 1986 Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense (DOD) Reorganization Act PSYOP units deploy to conduct missions in support of geographic combatant commanders and their subordinate joint task force (JTF) and component commanders PSYOP forces may also support U.S Ambassadors, allies, alliance and coalition partners, and other government agencies (OGAs) FULL-SPECTRUM OPERATIONS 1-1 PSYOP are conducted in military operations other than war (MOOTW) and war (Figure 1-1, page 1-2), and are key contributors to shaping the international security environment and reacting to events PSYOP are inherently joint and frequently combined operations They support joint, 1-1 FM 3-05.301 interagency, multinational, conventional, and special operations (SO) forces Army PSYOP forces are organized, equipped, and trained to provide strategic, operational, and tactical support to the theater combatant commanders PSYOP support all missions across the full spectrum of operations Figure 1-1 Full-Spectrum Operations 1-2 Proven in combat and peacetime, PSYOP are one of the oldest weapons in the arsenal of man, as well as an important force protector, combat multiplier, and nonlethal weapons system Effective use and employment of PSYOP forces provides many capabilities that facilitate successful mission accomplishment The following are examples: • Project a favorable image of U.S and allied forces • Inform TAs in new or denied areas • Amplify the effects of a show-of-force • Give TAs alternative courses of action (COAs) • Overcome censorship, illiteracy, or interrupted communications • Exploit ethnic, cultural, religious, or economic differences PSYOP MISSIONS 1-3 PSYOP are conducted at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of war to influence foreign audiences PSYOP forces provide a nonlethal capability in conveying information to selected TAs and governments to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and behavior PSYOP Soldiers perform the following five principal missions to meet the intent of the supported commander: • Advise the commander on Psychological Operations actions (PSYACTs), PSYOP enabling actions, and targeting restrictions that the military force will execute These actions and restrictions minimize adverse impacts and unintended consequences, attack the enemy’s will to resist, and enhance successful mission accomplishment 1-2 FM 3-05.301 • Influence foreign populations by expressing information subjectively to influence attitudes and behavior, and to obtain compliance or noninterference These actions facilitate military operations, minimize needless loss of life and collateral damage, and further the objectives of the United States and its allies • Provide public information to foreign populations to support humanitarian activities, restore or reinforce legitimacy, ease suffering, and maintain or restore civil order • Serve as the supported commander’s voice to foreign populations to convey intent and establish credibility • Counter enemy propaganda, misinformation, disinformation, and opposing information to portray friendly intent and actions correctly and positively, thus denying others the ability to polarize public opinion and political will against the United States and its allies PSYOP FUNCTIONS 1-4 To conduct the five PSYOP missions effectively and efficiently, PSYOP units perform seven functions These functions include the following: • Perform command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C4I) functions C4I is the exercise of authority and direction over assigned PSYOP forces when accomplishing their missions A PSYOP commander performs this function by arranging personnel, equipment, communications, supplies, facilities, and procedures when planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling PSYOP PSYOP forces play a unique role in the intelligence function They are both a producer and a consumer PSYOP forces have the ability to collect, process, integrate, analyze, and evaluate relevant information for their own use and for use by the supported commander, OGAs, and other intelligence organizations • Develop PSYOP plans, programs, supporting programs, series, and products Development involves the selection of Psychological Operations objectives (POs) and supporting Psychological Operations objectives (SPOs), the conceptualization of multiple series, the construction of specific product prototypes, as well as the recommendation of actions to influence the beliefs of selected TAs to modify their behavior This function consists of detailed coordination between various PSYOP elements involving target audience analysis (TAA), series development, product prototype development, approval process review, and evaluation before and after dissemination to measure PSYOP effectiveness • Produce PSYOP media Production is the transformation of approved PSYOP product prototypes into various media forms that are compatible with the way foreign populations are accustomed to receiving information Some production requirements may be contracted to private industry, while other requirements may be performed by units attached or under the tactical control (TACON) or operational control (OPCON) of the PSYOP forces 1-3 FM 3-05.301 • Distribute PSYOP products Distribution is the movement of completed products from the production source to the point where disseminators are located This function may include the temporary storage of PSYOP products at an intermediate location Depending on the type of product, this can be done either physically or electronically PSYOP forces must make full use of organic equipment, commercial assets, and resources of other Services to facilitate the distribution process PSYOP planners should attempt to simplify distribution and ensure alternative and contingency techniques whenever possible • Disseminate PSYOP products Dissemination involves the delivery of PSYOP products directly to the desired TA PSYOP forces must leverage as many different media and dissemination means as possible to ensure access to the targeted foreign population • Employ tactical PSYOP Tactical PSYOP forces provide PSYOP functions on a reduced and limited scale to a supported tactical commander within a designated area of operations (AO) These forces are sometimes the supported tactical commander’s only link with indigenous populations Tactical PSYOP forces also collect relevant information for use by developers and the supported commander • Conduct internment/resettlement (I/R) operations In virtually all situations where military forces are used, the management of internees becomes an integral part of the operation PSYOP forces dispel rumors, create dialogue, and pacify or indoctrinate internees to minimize violence, facilitate efficient camp operations, and ensure safe and humanitarian conditions persist This function also complements other PSYOP tasks through testing of materials, assessing the culture of potential audiences, collecting information and processing intelligence, and recruiting key communicators, informants, and collaborators PSYOP AND INFORMATION OPERATIONS 1-5 Information operations (IO) are actions taken to influence adversary information and information systems while defending one’s own information and information systems IO are conducted at all levels of war, across all phases of an operation, and across the conflict spectrum PSYOP function not only as an integral capability of IO but also as a leverage for IO activities and capabilities PSYOP are, therefore, a user of IO capabilities and technologies and a contributor to the overall IO effort of the supported command INFORMATION OPERATIONS SUPPORT TO PSYOP 1-6 Joint and Service-specific IO support elements and organizations offer the following capabilities and technologies that enhance and facilitate PSYOP in support of a commander: • Databases and links to other Services and to OGAs that can provide alternate distribution or dissemination means and intelligence support to PSYOP forces • Access to organizations that conduct media, propagation, and spectrum analysis, as well as modeling 1-4 FM 3-05.301 • Systems and links to facilitate the collection of PSYOP impact indicators • Access to organizations that provide critical personality profiling and human factor analysis FM 3-05.30 provides a detailed discussion of joint and Service-specific IO organizations and their capabilities PSYOP AS A CONTRIBUTOR TO INFORMATION OPERATIONS 1-7 Just as IO can enhance and facilitate PSYOP, PSYOP can contribute to the achievement of a supported commander’s IO objectives PSYOP personnel assigned or attached to a supported command—working in the J-3 (joint), G-3/G-7 (Army corps/division), or S-3 (brigade/battalion)—coordinate, synchronize, and deconflict PSYOP with IO They participate through continuous coordination and liaison as staff members at all levels on the staff of supported commands; such as an IO cell, plans group, and targeting meetings PSYOP personnel advise the supported commander on all aspects of PSYOP and recommend PSYACTs and PSYOP enabling actions PSYOP support IO by— • Influencing foreign populations by expressing information subjectively to change attitudes and behavior and to obtain compliance or noninterference • Providing feedback on the effectiveness of IO activities PSYOP personnel can collect information in the performance of assigned duties that, although not specifically related to PSYOP, may indicate effectiveness in another aspect of a supported command’s IO plan For example, an IO objective may be to gain the confidence and trust of the local populace PSYOP personnel might observe civilians within a joint operations area (JOA) or an area of responsibility (AOR) using U.S or coalition medical facilities, rather than those provided by an adversary or competing force This preference may indicate that the civilians trust U.S or coalition forces for medical care, rather than trust the adversary for that care • Conducting PSYOP to support the commander’s IO objectives For example, an IO objective may include denying certain frequencies to adversaries PSYOP platforms can broadcast on these frequencies and effectively deny their use to adversaries amplifying the effect of IO efforts For example, PSYOP can publicize the efforts of CA activities, such as medical programs, engineering projects, and facilities restoration 1-8 Usually the combatant commander, the commander of the joint task force (CJTF), or the Service component commanders establish a cell to facilitate the IO process This cell usually has representatives for every capability and related activity of IO PSYOP representatives to the IO cell may come from assigned PSYOP officers to the unified command 1-5 FM 3-05.301 influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals The purpose of psychological operations is to induce or reinforce foreign attitudes and behavior favorable to the originator’s objectives (JP 1-02) PSYOP enabling action Action required of non-Psychological Operations units or nonDOD agencies to facilitate or enable execution of a Psychological Operations plan developed to support a commander, joint task force, a commander-in-chief, or other non-DOD agency PSYOP impact indicator An observable event or a discernible subjectively determined behavioral change that represents an effect of a Psychological Operations activity on the intended foreign target audience at a particular point in time It is measured evidence, ascertained during the analytical phase of the Psychological Operations development process, to evaluate the degree to which the Psychological Operations objective is achieved PSYOP plan A series of Psychological Operations programs conducted at the theater level to achieve short- and mid-term objectives in support of a geographic combatant commander’s goals PSYOP program A sequential, coordinated presentation of a series of actions and/or products to achieve a specific Psychological Operations objective Action program A sequential, coordinated presentation of a series of actions to achieve a specific Psychological Operations objective Product program A sequential, coordinated presentation of a series of products to achieve a specific Psychological Operations objective PTAL potential target audience list PTS Product Tracking Sheet pub publication PW prisoner of war PWRS QRF R RA RAA RC refugee rep pre-positioned war reserve stock quick-reaction force reinforcing regular Army redeployment assembly area Reserve Component A civilian who, by reason of real or imagined danger, has left home to seek safety elsewhere (JP 1-02) representative Glossary-19 FM 3-05.301 RFA RFI RFO RI restrictive fire area request for information—Any specific time-sensitive ad hoc requirement for intelligence information or products to support an ongoing crisis or operation not necessarily related to standing requirements or scheduled intelligence production (JP 1-02) request for orders routing indicator RLD ready-to-load date ROE rules of engagement ROTC RP Reserve Officer Training Corps retained person RPV remotely piloted vehicle RRF Ready Reserve Force RSO regional security office RWS remote workstation S-2 intelligence officer S-3 operations and training officer S-4 logistics officer S-6 signal officer SAW SCAME SCI squad automatic weapon source, content, audience, media, and effects sensitive compartmented information SCIF sensitive compartmented information facility SCW series concept work sheet SDW series dissemination work sheet SECARMY SecDef Secretary of the Army Secretary of Defense series All actions and products developed in support of a single supporting objective and single target audience combination Service component command A command consisting of the Service component commander and all those Service forces, such as individuals, units, detachments, organizations, and installations under that command, including the support forces that have been assigned to a combatant command or further assigned to a subordinate unified command or joint task force (JP 1-02) SFC SFOB Glossary-20 sergeant first class Special Forces operational base FM 3-05.301 SFOD Special Forces operational detachment SFODA Special Forces operational detachment A SFODB Special Forces operational detachment B SFOR SGT SINCGARS SIO SIPRNET SITREP SITTEMP SJA SO Stabilization Force sergeant single-channel ground and airborne radio system senior intelligence officer Secret Internet Protocol Router Network situation report situation template Staff Judge Advocate special operations SOC special operations command SOF special operations forces SOI signal of interest SOMS-B Special Operations Media System-B SOP standing operating procedure SOR statement of requirement SORTIEALOT SORTS SOSCOM SOTSE SOW sortie allotment message Status of Resources and Training System Special Operations Support Command special operations theater support element special operations wing SPA special Psychological Operations assessment—A Psychological Operations intelligence document which focuses on any of a variety of different subjects pertinent to Psychological Operations, such as a particular target group, significant social institution, or media analysis It can serve as an immediate reference for the planning and conduct of Psychological Operations SPC specialist SPINS SPO special instructions supporting Psychological Operations objective SPOD seaport of debarkation SPOE seaport of embarkation SPS special Psychological Operations study Glossary-21 FM 3-05.301 sq square SRP Soldier Readiness Processing SSD strategic studies detachment SSG staff sergeant STAMMIS STANAG STCCS STO STU-III standard Army multicommand management information system standardization agreement Strategic Theater Command and Control System special technical operations secure telephone unit III supported commander The commander having primary responsibility for all aspects of a task assigned by the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan or other joint operation planning authority In the context of joint operation planning, this term refers to the commander who prepares operation plans or operation orders in response to requirements of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JP 1-02) supporting commander A commander who provides augmentation forces or other support to a supported commander or who develops a supporting plan Includes the designated combatant commands and Defense agencies as appropriate (JP 1-02) supporting PSYOP program SW SWO symbol TA TAA TAACOM short wave staff weather officer A visual, audio, or audiovisual means, having cultural or contextual significance to the target audience, used to convey a line of persuasion target audience target audience analysis Theater Army Area Command TAAD target audience analysis detachment TAAP target audience analysis process TAAT target audience analysis team TAAW target audience analysis work sheet TACC theater Army component command TACON Glossary-22 All actions and products developed in support of a single program supporting objective tactical control—Command authority over assigned or attached forces or commands, or military capability or forces made available for tasking, that is limited to the detailed, and usually, local direction and control of movements or maneuvers necessary FM 3-05.301 to accomplish missions or tasks assigned Tactical control is inherent in operational control Tactical control may be delegated to, and exercised at any level at or below the level of combatant command (JP 1-02) TACP TACSAT TALO tactical air control party tactical satellite theater airlift liaison officer TAMCA theater Army movement control agency TBMCS theater battle management core system TC TC-ACCIS TCP/IP TED terrorism track commander Transportation Coordinator’s Automated Command and Control Information System transmission control protocol/Internet protocol testing and evaluation detachment The calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological (JP 1-02) theme An overarching subject, topic, or idea (FM 3-05.30) threat The ability of an enemy to limit, neutralize, or destroy the effectiveness of a current or projected mission organization or item of equipment (TRADOC Regulation 381-1) TI Tactical Internet TL team leader TM technical manual TMPC Theater Media Production Center TOC tactical operations center TPB tactical Psychological Operations battalion—Psychological Operations unit that normally provides tactical- and operationallevel Psychological Operations support to an Army corps, a Marine expeditionary unit, or a Navy fleet, although it could also provide support at an Army or equivalent headquarters TPC tactical Psychological Operations company—Psychological Operations unit that normally provides tactical-level Psychological Operations support to a division- or equivalentsized element TPD tactical Psychological Operations detachment TPDD TPFDD tactical Psychological Operations development detachment time-phased force and deployment data Glossary-23 FM 3-05.301 TPT TRADOC TSCP TSS TV United States Army Training and Doctrine Command theater security cooperation plan target selection standards television UAR unconventional assisted recovery UAV unmanned aerial vehicle UAV-P UCC UCMJ unmanned aerial vehicle-payloads unified combatant command Uniform Code of Military Justice UCP Unified Command Plan—The document, approved by the President, that sets forth basic guidance to all unified combatant commanders; establishes their missions, responsibilities, and force structure; delineates the general geographical area of responsibility for geographic combatant commanders; and specifies functional responsibilities for functional combatant commanders (JP 1-02) ULN unit line number UMD unit movement data UN UNHCR unified command United Nations United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees A command with a broad continuing mission under a single commander and composed of significant assigned components of two or more military departments, that is established and so designated by the President through the Secretary of Defense with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JP 1-02) U.S United States USA United States Army USACAPOC USAF USAID USAJFKSWCS Glossary-24 tactical Psychological Operations team—Psychological Operations unit that normally provides tactical-level Psychological Operations support to a brigade- or equivalent-sized element to include a marine expeditionary unit, a Special Forces group, an armored cavalry regiment, a separate infantry regiment, or a brigade United States Army Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations Command United States Air Force United States Agency for International Development United States Army John F Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School FM 3-05.301 USAR USARC USASOC USD(P) USG United States Army Reserve United States Army Reserve Command United States Army Special Operations Command Under Secretary of Defense for Policy United States Government USIA United States Information Agency USIS United States Information Service USMC USN USSOCOM United States Marine Corps United States Navy United States Special Operations Command USSPACECOM United States Space Command USSTRATCOM United States Strategic Command USTRANSCOM United States Transportation Command UTM UW universal transverse mercator unconventional warfare—A broad spectrum of military and paramilitary operations, normally of long duration, predominantly conducted by indigenous or surrogate forces who are organized, trained, equipped, supported, and directed in varying degrees by an external source It includes guerrilla warfare and other direct offensive, low visibility, covert, or clandestine operations, as well as the indirect activities of subversion, sabotage, intelligence activities, and evasion and escape (JP 3-05.5) UXO unexploded ordnance VCD video compact disc VCR videocassette recorder VHS video home system—Trade name for a commercial videotape format using half-inch-wide videotape housed in a cassette, normally used for distribution VTR videotape recording WARNORD warning order WIA wounded in action WIN Warfighter Information Network WIN-T WMD WWMCS XO Warfighter Information Network-Tactical weapons of mass destruction Worldwide Military Command and Control System executive officer Glossary-25 Bibliography AR 190-8 Enemy Prisoners of War, Retained Personnel, Civilian Internees and Other Detainees October 1997 Axtell, Roger E Do’s and Taboos Around the World Parker Pen Company, February 1993 CJCS Instruction 3110.05C, Joint Psychological Operations Supplement to the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan FY 2002 (CJCSI 3110.01 Series) 18 July 2003 CJCS Instruction 3210.01A (S) Joint Information Operations Policy (U) November 1998 CJCS Manual 3122.03A Joint Operation Planning and Execution System, Volume II: Planning Formats and Guidance 31 December 1999, with Change 1, September 2000 DOD Directive 5111.10 Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and LowIntensity Conflict (ASD[SO/LIC]) 22 March 1995 DOD Directive S-3600.1 (S) Information Operations (IO) (U) December 1996 DOD Instruction S-3321-1 (S) Overt Psychological Operations Conducted by the Military Services in Peacetime and in Contingencies Short of Declared War (U) 26 July 1984 FM 3-0 Operations 14 June 2001 FM 3-05.20 Special Forces Operations 26 June 2001 FM 3-05.30 Psychological Operations 19 June 2000 FM 3-05.102 Army Special Operations Forces Intelligence 31 August 2001 FM 3-05.201 Special Forces Unconventional Warfare Operations 30 April 2003 FM 3-07 Stability Operations and Support Operations 20 February 2003 FM 3-13 Information Operations: Doctrine, Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures 28 November 2003 FM 3-19.40 Military Police Internment/Resettlement Operations August 2001 FM 3-25.26 Map Reading and Land Navigation 20 July 2001 FM 6-0 Mission Command: Command and Control of Army Forces 11 August 2003 FM 27-10 The Law of Land Warfare 18 July 1956, with Change 1, 15 July 1976 FM 34-1 Intelligence and Electronic Warfare Operations 27 September 1994 FM 34-81/AFM 105-4 Weather Support for Army Tactical Operations 31 August 1989 FM 34-130 Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield July 1994 FM 41-10 Civil Affairs Operations 14 February 2000 Bibliography-1 FM 3-05.301 FM 100-7 Decisive Force: The Army in Theater Operations 31 May 1995 FM 100-8 The Army in Multinational Operations 24 November 1997 FM 100-25 Doctrine for Army Special Operations Forces August 1999 FM 101-5 Staff Organization and Operations 31 May 1997 FORSCOM Regulation 55-1 Unit Movement Planning March 2000 JFSC Pub The Joint Staff Officer’s Guide 2000 JP 0-2 Unified Action Armed Forces (UNAAF) 10 July 2001 JP 1-02 Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms 12 April 2001 JP 2-0 Doctrine for Intelligence Support to Joint Operations March 2000 JP 3-0 Doctrine for Joint Operations 10 September 2001 JP 3-05 Doctrine for Joint Special Operations 17 April 1998 JP 3-05.1 Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Joint Special Operations Task Force Operations 19 December 2001 JP 3-05.2 Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Special Operations Targeting and Mission Planning 21 May 2003 JP 3-07 Joint Doctrine for Military Operations Other Than War 16 June 1995 JP 3-07.4 Joint Counterdrug Operations 17 February 1998 JP 3-08 Interagency Coordination During Joint Operations, Volumes I and II October 1996 JP 3-13 Joint Doctrine for Information Operations October 1998 JP 3-53 Doctrine for Joint Psychological Operations September 2003 JP 3-57 Joint Doctrine for Civil-Military Operations February 2001 JP 3-58 Joint Doctrine for Military Deception 31 May 1996 JP 5-0 Doctrine for Planning Joint Operations 13 April 1995 JP 5-00.1 Joint Doctrine for Campaign Planning 25 January 2002 JP 5-00.2 Joint Task Force Planning Guidance and Procedures 13 January 1999 NSDD 130 U.S International Information Policy March 1984 PDD 14 Counternarcotics November 1993 PDD 44 Heroin Control Policy November 1995 PDD 56 Managing Complex Contingency Operations May 1997 PDD 68 U.S International Public Information (IPI) 30 April 1999 Bibliography-2 FM 3-05.301 (FD) Aug 03 USAJFKSWCS Pub 525-5-14 Unconventional Assisted Recovery January 1999 USAJFKSWCS Pub 525-5-15 Psychological Operations: Capabilities and Employment January 1999 USAJFKSWCS Pub 525-5-16 Psychological Operations: Equipment Types, Specifications, and Capabilities May 2001 Bibliography-3 Index A access to the supported commander, 1-6, 4-27 after action report (AAR), 6-3, 6-5 format, F-1 through F-3, H-4 Army Battle Command System (ABCS), 2-26 through 2-30 Army special operations forces (ARSOF) core tasks, 8-35, 8-36 Army Tactical Command and Control System (ATCCS), 2-26 B battle damage assessment (BDA), 2-21, A-5 C command and control (C2), 2-1, 2-2, 2-4, 2-5, 2-12, 2-19, 2-25 through 2-28, 4-13, 4-27, I-13 command relationships, 2-4, 4-12, 4-34, 4-37, B-1 through B-3 commander’s critical information requirements (CCIR), 2-29, 4-17, 4-18, 4-20, 4-39, 8-19 commander’s intent, 4-4, 4-5, 4-9, 4-18 through 4-20, 4-38, 4-40, 4-44, 8-2, 8-10, 8-36, A-4, A-7, B-10, B-14, K-9 COMMANDO SOLO, 2-5, 2-11, 2-25, 4-7, 9-21, A-6 communications, 1-2, 1-3, 2-3, 2-12, 2-14, 2-18, 2-20, 2-23, 2-26 through 2-30, 3-12, 4-13, 4-16, 4-25, 4-28, 8-6, 8-9, 8-10, 9-11, 9-17, 9-18, 10-3, 10-8, 10-15, I-10, I-16 counterdrug (CD), 2-26, 8-33, 8-34, I-1, I-5 through I-8, I-10 through I-12 counterpropaganda, 3-3, 4-31, 6-7, 6-10, 6-29, 8-33, 11-1, 11-3, 11-4, 11-9, 11-11, 11-17, 11-18, 11-20 through 11-22, 11-25, 11-26, D-7 course of action (COA), 1-2, 2-9, 2-10, 3-1, 3-3, 3-16, 4-8, 4-17, 4-19 through 4-24, 4-26, 4-40 through 4-44, 5-11, 6-2, 6-3, 8-2, 8-6, 9-9, 11-3, A-5 information operations (IO), 1-4 through 1-7, 2-1, 2-2, 2-30, 4-22, 4-23, 4-35 through 4-38, 8-35, 8-36, 10-19 information requirement (IR), 2-1, 2-10, 2-26, 3-1, 4-32, 4-39, 4-43, 6-1, 8-3, 8-5, A-5 intelligence preparation of the battlespace (IPB), 2-1, 2-10, 3-1 through 3-16, 4-5, 4-18, 4-38 through 4-42, D-2, I-20 interagency coordination, I-8 internment/resettlement (I/R), 2-28, 2-29, 12-1 through 12-5, 12-7 through 12-10 D deliberate and crisis-action planning, 2-2, 4-1 E electronic warfare (EW), 2-27, 4-12, I-19 F facts and assumptions, 3-1, 4-15, 4-20, 4-39, 4-41, 8-10 force protection, 4-31, 8-32, 11-20, I-10 foreign internal defense (FID), 3-15, 8-33, 8-35, 9-8, 9-9, 10-16 H human factors analysis, 3-9, 4-3 humanitarian assistance (HA), 8-33, 8-34, 9-18, 12-1, 12-5, I-23 I implied tasks, 4-8, 4-9, 4-11, 8-10 J Joint Information Operations Center (JIOC), 2-5, 4-3, 4-12 joint PSYOP task force (JPOTF), 2-4, 2-6, 4-31, A-1, A-3, A-4, A-6, A-7 joint targeting coordination board (JTCB), 1-6, 2-5, 4-24, A-1, A-7 Joint Warfare Analysis Center (JWAC), 4-12 L line of persuasion, 3-9, 4-17, 5-9, 5-11 through 5-15, 5-17, 5-19, 5-22, 5-23, 6-19, 6-20, 6-24, 6-26, 7-1, 9-5, D-3 M military decision-making process (MDMP), 2-25, 2-27, 3-6, 4-1, 4-5, 4-8 through 4-10, 4-23, 4-25, 4-33, 4-38 through 4-44, 6-11, 8-2 mission analysis, 2-1, 2-10, 4-2, 4-4, 4-11, 4-18 through 4-20, 4-33, 4-38 through 4-41, 6-2, 6-3, 6-6, 6-8, Index-1 FM 3-05.301 6-10, 8-2, 8-6, A-3, A-5, D-2, D-6 O operation order (OPORD), 2-1, 2-30, 3-3, 4-1, 4-9, 4-19, 4-20, 4-23, 4-26, 4-28, 4-31, 4-33, 4-38 through 4-40, 4-44, 6-11, 6-16, 6-17, 6-21, B-10, B-13 operation plan (OPLAN), 2-1, 2-2, 2-22, 2-30, 3-5, 4-1, 4-9, 4-14, 4-23, 4-25, 4-26, 4-28, 4-31, 4-33, 4-38 through 4-40, 4-44, 6-11, 6-21, B-1, B-4, B-14, B-21, B-23 orders preparation, 4-23 P peace operations, I-1, I-19 through I-23 peacetime PSYOP program, 4-35 principal missions, 1-2, 1-3 product approval authority, 4-29, 4-31, 4-37, 7-1 product development, 2-11, 2-30, 4-36, 4-37, 5-17, 6-2 through 6-9, 6-18, 6-22, 6-23, 8-2, 8-4 through 8-6, 12-2, 12-6, 12-10, I-15, I-18 psychological center of gravity, 5-4 PSYOP action (PSYACT), 1-2, 1-5, 2-8, 2-11, 2-21, 2-24, 4-35, 6-5, 6-23 through 6-25, 9-11, A-1 through A-3, A-7, D-1 PSYOP assessment team (POAT), 2-2 through 2-4, 3-2, 3-13, 4-4, 4-12 PSYOP detachment, 4-34, 8-6, 12-3 through 12-5, 12-9 PSYOP development center (PDC), 2-5, 2-8, 2-11, 6-1 through 6-11, 6-23, 6-26, 8-4, 9-12, 9-19, A-7, D-6 PSYOP dissemination battalion (PDB), 2-3, 3-12 Index-2 PSYOP Distribution System (PDS), 10-5 PSYOP functions, 1-3, 1-4, 6-1, D-4 PSYOP group (POG), 3-4, 3-6, 4-3, 4-12, 10-1 through 10-4, I-17 PSYOP objectives (POs), 2-2, 4-8 through 4-11, 4-21, 4-26, 4-32, 4-33, 4-38, 4-42 through 4-44, 5-1, 6-3, 6-11 through 6-13, 6-15 through 6-17, D-1, I-21 PSYOP support element (PSE), 1-6, 2-2, 2-4, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, 2-24, 2-30, 3-3, 3-4, 4-11 through 4-13, 4-24 through 4-28, 4-31 through 4-33, 4-38 through 4-44, 5-1, 6-1, 6-2, 6-9, 6-14, 6-24, 6-26 through 6-29, 8-2, 8-6, I-10, I-13 through I-15 PSYOP task force (POTF), 2-2, 2-4 through 2-6, 2-8 through 2-12, 2-14, 2-20, 2-21, 2-23, 2-24, 2-30, 3-1, 3-3, 3-4, 3-15, 3-16, 4-10 through 4-14, 4-24 through 4-29, 4-31 through 4-33, 4-38 through 4-44, 5-1, 6-1, 6-2, 6-9, 6-14, 6-24, 6-26 through 6-29, 8-2, 8-5, 8-6, 9-18 through 9-20, 10-3, 10-9, 10-19, 12-1, 12-2, 12-5 through 12-7, 12-9 R reachback, 2-3, 2-4, 2-14, 4-15, 4-22, 4-26 through 4-28, 4-32, 9-19, 10-2, 10-3, 12-5 S series, 1-3, 4-11, 4-15, 4-17, 4-25, 5-2, 5-10, 5-18, 5-20, 5-24, 6-3 through 6-5, 6-11 through 6-15, 6-17 through 6-24, 6-26, 6-27, 6-29 source, content, audience, media, and effects (SCAME), 2-10, 3-13, 6-10, 6-29, 8-4, 8-9, 11-10, 11-15, 11-16 special PSYOP assessment (SPA), 3-5, 3-7, 4-3, 4-6, 4-32, 4-35, 4-38, 5-5 special PSYOP study (SPS), 3-5, 3-7, 4-3, 4-6, 4-32, 4-38, 5-5 specified tasks, 4-8, 4-14 stability operations and support operations, 8-32 through 8-34, 12-5, I-1 statement of requirement (SOR), 2-12, 4-32, 6-3, 6-4, 6-6, B-6, B-11 strategic studies detachment (SSD), 2-2, 2-5, 2-10, 3-5, 3-7, 3-13, 4-3, 4-5, 4-38, 5-5, 6-1, 6-4 through 6-7, 6-9 through 6-11, 6-23 supporting PSYOP program, 6-12 symbol, 2-12, 3-13, 4-37, 5-12 through 5-14, 5-19, 5-22, 6-19, 6-20, 6-23, 6-24, 7-1, 7-14, 8-3 through 8-5, 8-19, 10-6, 11-8, 11-10, 11-11, 11-17, C-1, C-2, D-3 through D-5 T receipt of mission, 4-2, 4-4, 4-38 tactical PSYOP battalion (TPB), 2-2, 8-1 regional PSYOP battalion, 3-5, 4-5, 10-3, I-13 tactical PSYOP team (TPT), 4-10, 6-9, 8-2, 8-4, 8-6 through 8-12, 8-17 through 8-19, 8-24 through 8-28, 8-30, 8-33, 9-11, 9-14, 9-18, 10-9, 10-12 request for information (RFI), 2-9, 2-18, 2-29, 2-30, 4-43 rules of engagement (ROE), 2-12, 4-9, 4-37, 4-39, 6-11, 8-9, 8-10, I-2, I-19 target audience analysis (TAA), 1-3, 2-29, 3-1, 3-3, 3-8, 3-13, 3-14, 4-6, 4-34, 4-36, FM 3-05.301 5-1, 5-2, 5-5, 5-14, 5-17, 5-24, 6-6, 6-7, 6-11, 6-18, 8-2 through 8-5, 8-19, 9-3, 9-18, 11-21, D-2, D-3 targeting, 1-6, 2-2, 2-11, 2-26, 2-27, 4-24, 4-25, 4-38, 4-40, 4-43, 8-2, A-1 through A-7 testing and evaluation, 6-9, 6-10 theater security cooperation plan (TSCP), I-7 theme, 2-2, 3-8, 3-10, 3-14, 4-14, 4-24, 4-34 through 4-37, 5-1, 8-3, 8-5, 8-19, 9-9, 9-13, 9-14, 11-11, 11-17, 11-19, 11-20, 11-25, D-5 through D-7, I-3, I-21, J-1, J-4, J-5, J-8 U unconventional warfare (UW), 3-15, 8-35, 9-9, J-1, J-3 through J-6, J-8, J-9 Index-3 FM 3-05.301 (FM 33-1-1) 31 DECEMBER 2003 By Order of the Secretary of the Army: PETER J SCHOOMAKER General, United States Army Chief of Staff Official: JOEL B HUDSON Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army 0401218 DISTRIBUTION: Active Army, Army National Guard, and U S Army Reserve: To be distributed in accordance with initial distribution number 115177, requirements for FM 3-05.301 PIN: 081210-000 ... Methods 10 -1 Dissemination Factors 10 -5 Summary 10 -20 Chapter 11 PROPAGANDA ANALYSIS AND COUNTERPROPAGANDA 11 -1 Terminology 11 -1 Counterpropaganda... Process 11 -4 Summary 11 -26 Chapter 12 PSYOP SUPPORT TO INTERNMENT/RESETTLEMENT 12 -1 Mission 12 -1 Mission-Essential Tasks 12 -1 Operational Concepts... supersedes FM 33- 1- 1, May 19 94 i FM 3-05.3 01 Page Use of Digital Systems by PSYOP Forces 2-25 Summary .2-30 Chapter INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION OF THE BATTLESPACE 3 -1 Four-Step