CẤP SO SÁNH

- So sánh hơn Ex: Peter is older than John - So sánh nhất Ex: Peter is the oldest man in the band Tính từ và trạng từ có nhiều hình thức khác nhau trong mỗi dạng so sánh bằng, so sánh hơ

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NỘI DUNG BÀI HỌC

I Giới thiệu về các loại so sánh

II So sánh bằng

III So sánh hơn

IV So sánh nhất

V Một số cấu trúc so sánh khác

VI Bài tập luyện tập

CẤP SO SÁNH

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I Giới thiệu về các loại so sánh

Có 3 loại so sánh:

- So sánh bằng

Ex: Peter is as old as John

- So sánh hơn

Ex: Peter is older than John

- So sánh nhất

Ex: Peter is the oldest man in the band

Tính từ và trạng từ có nhiều hình thức khác nhau trong mỗi dạng so sánh bằng, so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất

II So sánh bằng

1/ Định nghĩa:

So sánh bằng dùng để so sánh 2 người hoặc vật tương đương về số lượng hoặc phẩm chất

Công thức:

as + tính từ/ trạng từ + as Ex:

- Her hair was as black as coal

- The order was shipped as quickly as possible to the customer

Công thức khác:

the same (+ danh từ) + as Ex:

- Nelly has the same dress as I do

- Nelly’s dress is the same as mine

Lưu ý:

* Not as/ so as được sử dụng để thể hiện một người hoặc vật không tương đương với người hoặc vật kia

Ex:

- My report is not as/ so comprehensive as yours

* Khi trong câu không có ý so sánh giữa 2 người hoặc vật thì không được sử dụng công thức so sánh bằng

Ex: He drove on the icy roads as careful as he could

-> He drove on the icy roads carefully

2/ Trong công thức so sánh bằng phải có từ chỉ số lượng

as + many/ much/ few/ little + danh từ + as Ex:

- I ate as MANY potato chips as you did

- Please complete as MUCH information as possible

3/ Một số trạng từ có thể bổ nghĩa cho tình từ và trạng từ trong so sánh bằng như: nearly, almost, just

Ex: The book, the second in a series, is nearly as exciting as the first

QUICK QUIZ 1:

1 Management has decided to rotate workers to keep the assembly line running as _ as

possible

(A) efficiency (B) efficiently (C) more efficient (D) efficient

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2 Studies have proven that laborers work twice hours on average as skilled professionals in any field

(A) much (B) more (C) as many (D) more than

3 In order to serve you best, we ask that you take the time to fill out our questionnaire in detail _ as possible

III So sánh hơn

1/ Định nghĩa:

So sánh hơn được sử dụng để so sánh hai người hoặc vật

Công thức:

tính từ/ trạng từ ở dạng so sánh hơn + than Ex:

- Last month’s test was harder than this one is

- She acted more cleverly than usual

Lưu ý:

* Trong trường hợp người hoặc vật kém hơn/ ít hơn so với người hoặc vật kia, ta sử dụng công thức:

less + tính từ/ trạng từ + than

Ex: This report is less important than the first one you showed me

* Khi chỉ có 1 người hoặc 1 vật thì không dùng so sánh hơn

Ex:

- The lesson we took up in class today was harder -> hard

2/ Mạo từ “the” không sử dụng trong so sánh hơn ngoại trừ một số trường hợp sau đây

* The + so sánh hơn, the + so sánh hơn

Ex:

- The more you eat, the fatter you will become

* The + so sánh hơn + of the two

Ex:

- Daniel is the more intelligent of the two

3/ Một số trạng từ để nhấn mạnh hơn cấu trúc so sánh gồm: much, even, still, far, a lot, by far

Ex:

- The effort you spent on achieving your dreams is much more valuable than the dream itself

QUICK QUIZ 2:

1 Unfortunately the shipment will be delayed, as our factory is experiencing more technical

problems we anticipated

(A) or (B) while (C) whether (D) than

2 _ we put off finishing these cases, the more work there will be to do over the weekend (A) Longer (B) Longest (C) The long (D) The longer

3 Sending the memos by fax is far _ than attempting to deliver them by express mail

(A) quickest (B) quickly (C) quicker (D) quick

IV So sánh nhất (Superlative)

1/ Định nghĩa: So sánh nhất được sử dụng khi so sánh hai người hoặc vật trở lên

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Công thức:

dạng so sánh nhất của tính từ/ trạng từ + danh từ + of/ in/ mệnh đề that Ex:

- He is the funniest boy of all the children

- It is the thickest book in the world

- It is the most informative documentary (that) I’ve ever seen

Lưu ý:

* Nếu danh từ trong câu dễ dàng nhận biết được thì có thể được lược bỏ bớt

Ex:

- He is the funniest of all the children

* Nếu đằng sau “of” không phải là 1 nhóm người hoặc vật thì không sử dụng so sánh nhất

Ex:

- The quickest responses of the interviewee made the manager skeptical

-> quick

* Một số cấu trúc so sánh phổ biến:

one of the + superlative + danh từ số nhiều

at least

at most Ex:

- She is one of the largest girls in the group

- I can drink at least six glasses of water a day

2/ Tính từ ở dạng so sánh nhất luôn theo sau “the” hoặc một tính từ sở hữu

Ex:

- Snoopy was the/my most favorite cartoon character when I was a kid

3/ Một số trạng từ dùng để nhấn mạnh cấu trúc so sánh nhất: By far, quite

Ex:

- He was by far the worst roommate

QUICK QUIZ 3:

1 Of the many laborers at this plant, the _ highly skilled will be transferred to a newly opened facility

(A) so (B) most (C) such (D) much

2 Although less popular than the phonograph, the projection box was the of the home

viewing devices available in the early 1900s

(A) success (B) successful (C) most success (D) most successful

3 Erickson Brands offers customers the variety of cellular phone accessories in the

marketplace

(A) wider (B) more widely (C) most widely (D) widest

V Một số cấu trúc so sánh khác

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More than + danh từ There are more than 10,000 books in the

library Less than + danh từ Less than five percent of the subscribers

chose not to renew

No later than The supervisor expects us to come in to work

no later than 7:00

No sooner ~ than No sooner did Pete put the phone down than

it rang again Other than Other than cornflakes, crispy bacon is her

favorite breakfast food

Rather than The demonstrator stood his ground rather

than run away like the others

Would rather ~ than I would rather read a book at home than

watch a movie at the theater

So sánh bằng và so sánh hơn cũng có thể được sử dụng thay cho so sánh nhất trong những trường hợp sau:

1/ So sánh hơn + than any other ~

Ex:

This show is the funniest sitcom on TV

-> This show is funnier than any other sitcom on TV

2/ Have + never/ hardly/ rarely + been + comparative

Ex:

- Herbs have never been more popular than they are now

3/ No other ~/ nothing + as + adj + as

No other ~/ nothing + comparative + than

Ex:

- No other sitcom is as funny as this show

- When it comes to investing, nothing is more important than experience

QUICK QUIZ 4:

1 Customers wanting refunds must bring in the product and its receipt _ one week after the date

of purchase

(A) no more than (B) no later than (C) no later as (D) no more as

2 I would rather make the reservation now _ risk not getting a ticket down the road

(A) than (B) else (C) whereas (D) rather

3 Garson's Manufacturing boasts in its advertisement that it can produce steel rods than any other producer in the business

(A) fast (B) faster (C) fastest (D) the fastest

BÀI TẬP LUYỆN TẬP

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1 Improving our customer outreach program is _ important than reorganizing our office system right now

(A) better (B) more (C) well (D) greater

2 Recent changes in the regulations and procedures at the American embassy have made it _ to get a visa in a timely manner

(A) such difficult (B) not difficult (C) fewer difficult (D) more difficult

3 A meeting sometime after the project deadline fits for my schedule than trying to have one this week

(A) better (B) good (C) any better (D) any good

4 At this firm, young, motivated candidates who show enthusiasm have _ value as experienced professionals

(A) a lot (B) also (C) as much (D) so many

5 It is the company's position that moving into a market with competition will result in greater gains

(A) a few (B) least (C) often (D) less

6 did the manager leave on vacation than the most important client walked in seeking an urgent consultation

(A) Sooner (B) No sooner (C) The sooner (D) Any sooner

7 The company is currently much _ than it was five years ago

(A) weaker (B) weakest (C) weak (D) weakness

8 Due to the alleged scandal, the corporation was receiving more attention _ that which was good for business

9 In the field of industrial arts and applied sciences, there are _ positions open for entry-level candidates

(A) lesser (B) fewer (C) sort of (D) much

10 Piles of old newspapers must be stacked and tied as _ as possible before being loaded into the truck and brought to the plant

(A) tight (B) tighter (C) lightly (D) tightest