PART 1: READING SECTION 1: 1: Consumers ………… to be fickle and seek novelty rather than reliability in electronics goods purchases A turn B tend C lead D point 2: Under the revised procedure, efforts have been ……… by the government to ensure that the emerging exporters have adequate access to the credit facilities A made B done C taken D started 3: All businesses have a wider social ……… and are answerable to more than just their shareholders A strategy B assurance C responsibility D statement 4: The County Commission is still waiting for word from the Kansas City Railroad Company concerning repairs ……… to be done at three crossings A needed B need C necessary D needs 5: Even though our company is small and has only been up and running for months, the market’s reaction has been very ………… A promise B promised C promises D promising 6: Our organisation has always preferred ………… motivated and experienced people to those with high academic qualifications A higher B highly C highest D highness 7: The final date for the picnic has not been finalized yet, but it will be either Thursday the 20 th or Friday the 21st, ………… the weather forecast A depend on B depending from C depending on D depends 8: No one is happy with the plan, but no other ………… has been suggested A alternative B equivalent C distinction D d ifference 9: Obviously, the benefits of producing in Vietnam are low labor costs and rentals ……… the availability of labor A apart B moreover C in addition D as well as 10: Employees wanting to attend the Christmas Bell can ……… tickets to the event at the front desk in the Personnel Department A join in B find out C pick up D get over 11: The senior managers are waiting for technical advice before deciding ………… operating system to install A which B that C who D whose 12: It is not yet known ………… t h e position left vacant by the retiring general manager will be filled or not B although A that C however D whether 13: If you ……… any inconvenience in using the student laboratory, please not hesitate to tell us so that we can rectify the problem A experience B were experienced C had experienced D experiencing 14: When you go and buy cosmetics, the salesperson often ……… that you buy several products from the same line A suggests B offers C reminds D tells 15: Our new, large sedan has proven less ………… than the medium-sized model due to high fuel costs A recommending B acquainted C popular D solicited 16: A plethora of study programs now available online has made it possible for working people to gain certificates or degrees far ……… than ever before A easily B more easily C easier D easiest 17: The resistance ……… by the firm’s staff made it very difficult to conduct the audit efficiently A furnished B taken C encountered D built 18: The managers hope that the new plan will increase sales both in the coming year and ……… A beyond B above C over D along 19: To remain ……… for financial aid, recipients are required to show satisfactory progress toward a degree according to the guidelines A eligible B responsible C considerate D entitled 20: It is important for the sales force to know ……… how many products they have sold, and how much money they have made A by detailing B in detail C detailed D details 21: As the war continues, certain hidden costs, such as wear and tear on vehicles and weapons, are ………… to become increasingly apparent A capable B responsible C liable D accountable 22: Although we have warned staff members …………that smoking is banned inside the building at all times, there are still some who persist A incredibly B repeatedly C briefly D exactly 23: All employees are reminded that they should enter through the rear entrance ………… before and during office hours A either B both C each D neither 24: When working long hours, you should try to ………… your diet with nutritious snacks such as fresh fruits A impose B pursue C add D supplement 25: Senior executives will decide on the matter of replacing our computer hardware …………and when it becomes necessary A by B if C to D through READING COMPREHENSION In this section you will find that each of the passages has a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage You must choose one of the four suggested answers or ways of finishing Questions 41 to 46 refer to the following passage Although the composition and role of the board of directors of a company will vary from one organization to the next, a few generalizations may be made As regards the composition of the board, customarily some directors are prominent men and women selected to give prestige to the group Others are usually chosen from among retired executives of the organization for their specialized knowledge of the company It is generally true that, as long as the top management maintains the confidence of the board of directors, the directors will not actively intervene to dictate specific policies This is the same administrative procedure usually followed by the board of trustees of a college or university, and is similar in many respects to the parliamentary system of ministerial responsibility practiced in Great 10 Britain 31: The title below that best expresses the ideas in this passage is A The Board of Trustees B Management C The Parliamentary System D The Board of Directors 32: Who generally formulates policies for a company? A Top management B Retired executives C The board of directors D A dictator 33: The author mentions all of the following as having similar administrative procedures EXCEPT A the members of Congress in the United States B the board of trustees of a college C the board of directors of a company D the members of parliament in Great Britain 34: The word "prominent" in line could best be replaced by A elderly B important C ethical D professional 35: The word "Others" in line refers to A executives B companies C directors D boards 36: Who would not be a likely candidate to be chosen as a member of the board of directors of City Bank? A a respected lawyer B a state senator C a retired president of City Bank D a City Bank employee Questions 47 to 54 refer to the following passage 10 15 20 The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multimilliondollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further The American negotiator's role becomes that of an impersonal purveyor of information and cash In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiator's position Two traits in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and the success of negotiators For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding 37: What is the author's main point? A Negotiation is the process of reaching an agreement B Foreign perceptions of American negotiators are based on stereotypes C American negotiators need to learn more about other cultures D Foreign languages are important for international business 38: According to the author, what is the purpose of negotiation? A To undermine the other negotiator's position B To reach an agreement C To understand the culture of the negotiators D To communicate back and forth 39: The America negotiator is described as all of the following EXCEPT A perceived by foreign negotiators as wealthy B known for direct interactions C willing to invest time in relationships D interested in short-term goals 40: The word "undermining" in line 14 is closest in meaning to the phrase A making weak B making clear C making known D making brief 41: The word "that" in line 12 refers to A role B price C corporation D bargaining 42: The word “Furthermore” in line 16 can be replaced by A Therefore B Nevertheless C Moreover D Otherwise 43: The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses A knowledge of foreign languages B ways to increase cross-cultural understanding C traits that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding D relationships between negotiators 44: The word “it” in line 18 refers to A time B impatience C directness D relationship Questions 55 to 60 refer to the following passage 10 15 20 After you decide what kind of car you want, which options you need, and how much you can afford to spend, you should shop at several dealerships Buying a car is one of the few purchases that you will make in the United States that allows for negotiation In the case of cars, new and used, the sticker price posted on the window is not fixed, and the car dealer will expect you to bargain It has been estimated that fewer than 20 percent of all new car buyers end up paying an amount even close to the list price To save the most money, use the following strategies when you negotiate In the first place, don't mention that you have a car to trade in until you have agreed on a price for the car you want to buy If the salespersons know in advance, they may quote you a high price for the trade-in, but the price of the new car may be adjusted to include the added amount In addition, buy a car that is already on the dealer's lot instead of ordering a car The dealer has to pay insurance and finance charges for every car in the inventory and is usually willing to sell one for less money in order to reduce the overhead expenses Furthermore, try to buy your new car at the end of the year, just before the next year's models arrive in the fall Dealers are usually glad to move these cars off their lots to make money for the new models If you can't wait until fall to buy your car, at least wait until the end of the month, when the dealer is trying to reach a set sales quota in order to earn a bonus from the manufacturer Finally, don't mention to the car dealer that you intend to pay cash or use a bank for financing until the deal is closed Some dealers will offer a lower price if they believe that they will have the opportunity to arrange the financing and collect a commission 45: What is the author's main purpose in writing this passage? A To sell new cars B To offer advice to prospective car buyers C To complain about car dealers D To explain how to finance a car 46: According to the author, when should a buyer purchase a new car? A Near the first of the month B In the fall C At the end of the week D In December 47: The author recommends all of the following strategies for getting the best price on a new car EXCEPT A negotiating a lower price than the one that appears on the sticker B financing the new car at the dealership C not telling the dealer that you have a car to trade in D buying a car that is on the dealer's lot instead of ordering one 48: The word "inventory" in line 12 could best be replaced by A the cars that the dealer has sold B the cars that the dealer must sell every month C the cars that the dealer has to sell D the cars that the dealer will order 49: The word "one" in line 13 refers to A the dealer B you C insurance D a car 50: It can be inferred from the passage that A negotiating a price for most purchases is not common in the United States B new cars are very expensive in the United States C car dealers in the United States are not honest D most shoppers have a car to trade in ... accountable 22 : Although we have warned staff members …………that smoking is banned inside the building at all times, there are still some who persist A incredibly B repeatedly C briefly D exactly 23 :... D entitled 20 : It is important for the sales force to know ……… how many products they have sold, and how much money they have made A by detailing B in detail C detailed D details 21 : As the war... B both C each D neither 24 : When working long hours, you should try to ………… your diet with nutritious snacks such as fresh fruits A impose B pursue C add D supplement 25 : Senior executives will