Some strategies on teaching reported speech

APPENDIX Contents PART A: INTRODUCTION Reasons of choosing the title Aims of the study Subjects of the study Methods of the study PART B : CONTENTS OF THE STUDY I THE THEORETICAL BASIC II THE SITUATIONS OF THE STUDY Advantages Disadvantages III THE SOLLUTIONS Some basic rules of Reported Speech Some main types of Reported Speech Other kinds of Reported Speech Use a mind-map in teaching and studying Reported Speech PART C: RESULTS OF THE STUDY PART D: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS Page 2 2 2 3 3 12 16 18 18 PART A: INTRODUCTION REASONS OF CHOOSING THE TITLE Nowadays, in the time of co-operation and globalization, English is used as a mean of international communication Therefore, more and more people all over the world are trying to master this language In Viet Nam, to meet the demands for development and integration of the country into the world, over the last decades, more emphasis has been put on the teaching and learning of English language As a result, English becomes a compulsory subject in most schools of all levels now It can not be denied that English grammar is a indispensable factor in teaching and studying English One of the most confusing grammatical points is Reported Speech which major of students don’t know how to change direct speech into reported one correctly Therefore, the question for teachers is that how to teach this important grammatical point effectively All these reasons motivate me to carry out the study of “ Some strategies on teaching Reported Speech” AIMS OF THE STUDY The study aims at overviewing about the Reported Speech Also, it suggests some strategies on teaching Reported speech Moreover, I did the research to evaluate the effectiveness of doing Reported Speech tasks of students SUBJECTS OF THE STUDY The study focuses on some strategies in teaching Reported Speech such as some rules for changing from Direct Speech into Reported Speech, some main forms of Reported Speech,some other cases of Repoted Speech, and the use of a mindmap in teaching Reported Speech METHODS OF THE STUDY The research based on the theoretical methods : searching, researching and analysing the materials relating to the grammatical point of Reported Speech Besides, the research also based on the practical methods : attending to the classes of my colleagues, teaching with the attendance of my colleagues, doing some surveys for my students by asking them to some tasks, homework and tests PART B : CONTENTS OF THE STUDY I THE THEORETICAL BASIC So far, most of learning English students have troubles with Reported Speech because of its complicated rules and cases For examples, when changing into Reported Speech, they often confuse with changing Subjects, Verbs, Adverbs of time and place Moreover, they not master how many main types of reporting there are and how to change them into Reported Speech Last but not least, they also not master what verbs used to report the feeling, attitude of the speaker Because of being a teacher of English , I understand that not only students have difficulties in learning Reported Speech but also a lot of teachers face to it in teaching They have not found the most efficient way to facilitate this grammatical point to students As a result, how to teach Reported Speech effectively is the important question for all teachers to answer II THE SITUATIONS OF THE STUDY Advantages * In term of teachers: - Most of them are well–qualified and well–competent in their professional teaching -They have good ability of applying information technology in teaching English - They are always accessed to the latest teaching methods in the workshops * In term of students: Nowadays, most of students aware the importance of English which improves their motivation and passion for studying it Disadvantages * In term of teachers: - Many teachers sometimes have problems in teaching some difficult points of the lesson So, it is not easy for students to understand such lesson “ Reported Speech” is an example for this * In term of students: - Many students are lack of their attention in the class - They are not self-confident enough and always passive in mastering the knowlegde - Sometimes, they are lazy to their homework or extra exercises - Some students belong to the poor families that they have no time for studying any more This problem causes their bad studying result - Students are lack of a language environment in which their communicative skills are practised daily Every thing students learn is most theoretical * In term of teaching equipments: - Equipments used for teaching English are limited and even outdated or not working - Many schools have no functional classrooms This does not meet the demand of learning language in the modern life III THE SOLLUTIONS Some basic rules of Reported Speech Reported Speech is used to report what someone has said When reporting, the reporter needs to give the exact content, meaning and feeling of a remark or a speech, without necessarily using the speaker’s exact word Thus, the reporter not only obeys some basic rules but also bases on the context of the situation These are some basic rules for changing from the direct speech into the indirect speech 1.1 Change Pronouns, Possessive Adjectives and Reflexive Pronouns Pronouns, Possessive Adjectives and Reflexive Pronouns usually change from fist or second to third person, except when the speaker is reporting his own words For instance: a) I said: “ I cut my hand myself ” => I said that I had cut my hand myself These are some notes for changing Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives in Reported Speech: DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH The first person It is the person of the speaker in the Direct Speech Ex: a) He said : “ I did it myself ” => He said that he had done it himself b) He said : “ We’ll come right away” => He said (that) they would come right away The second person It is the person of the listener in the Direct Speech Ex: a) He said to her : “ You are a hard-working student” => He told her (that) she was a hard-working student b) “ You have to your homework yourselves ”, Mrs Lien said to her students => Mrs Lien told her students (that) they had to their homework themselves The third person It stays the same as in the Direct Speech Ex: a) She said : “ They have to go to the market and cook dinner themselves” => She said (that) they had to go to the market and cook dinner themselves b) He said : “ She will never return here one more time” => He said (that) she would never return ther one more time 1.2 Change the tense of the Verb Reported Speech is usually introduced by a verb in the past tense Verbs in the Direct Speech have then to be changed into a corresponding past tense The changes are shown in the following table DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH Present Simple Past Simple Ex: She said : “ I am a new student” => She said (that) she was a new student Present Progressive Past Progressive Ex: “ We are having dinner”, he said => He said (that) they were having dinner Present Perfect / Past Simple Present Perfect Ex: a) “ I have never seen a such fat man”, Mai said to Tam  Mai told Tam that she had never seen a such fat man b) “ He sold his apartment”, she said => She said that he had sold his apartment Present Perfect Progressive / Present Perfect Progressive Past Progressive Ex: a) He said: “ I’ve been waiting for ages” => He said that he had been waiting for ages b) “ We were having dinner when your mother came”, Lan said to me => Lan told me that they had been having dinner when my mother had come Past Perfect Past Perfect Ex: a) She said: “ He had been to school but he had learnt nothing here” => She said that he had been to school but he had learnt nothing there Future Future in the Past Ex: a) Jane said: “ I will / shall be 20 on my next birthday”  Jane said that she would be 20 on her following birthday b) He said: “ I will / shall be using the car myself on the 24th” => He said that he would be using the car himself on the 24th Fist Condition Condition in the Past Ex: a) He said : “ If the bus is late again, I will take a taxi to work”  He said that if the bus was late again, he would take a taxi to work b) He said: “ I’ll be glad if she is here in an hour” => He said that he would be glad if she was there in an hour ( NOT: He said that he would be glad if she were there in an hour.) * Notes: - If Direct Speech uses the Past Simple which contains a certain period of time, or an unchangeable event, it will not change into the Past Perfect in Reported Speech Ex: My teacher said: “ The Second World War ended in 1945” => My teacher said that the Second World War ended in 1945 She said : “ I decided not to buy the house because it was on the main road” => She said that she had decided not to buy the house because it was on the main road - In theory, the past progressive tense in Direct Speech changes into the Past Perfect Progressive However, this change only takes place when it refers to a completed action In practice, the Past Progressive Tense in Direct Speech usually remains in Reported Speech Ex: He said: “ When I saw them they were playing tennis” => He said that when he saw them they were playing tennis - In term of Conditional Sentences in Reported Speech, there is no tense changes in Type and Type Ex: a) “ If I had a permit I could get a job”, he said => He said that if he had a permit he could get a job b) Mary said: “ If I had finished the composition earlier, I would have handed it in on time” => Mary said that if she had finished the composition earlier, she would have handed it in on time - Unreal past tenses after wish, would rather/ sooner and it is time not change: Ex: “We wish we didn’t have to take exam,” said the children => The children said they wished they didn’t have to take exams 1.3 Change expressions of time and place ( some adverbs of time & demonstrative) Adverbs and adverbial phrases of time and demonstrative change as follow: Direct Speech Reported speech here there this that these those now then, at that time today that day yesterday the day before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next day / the following day the day after tomorrow in two days’ time next week/ next month/ next year, ect the following week/ month / year, ect last week/ last month, ect The previous week/ month/ etc Two years ago Two years before * Note: - If the speech is made and reported on the same day, these time changes are not necessary Ex: At breakfast this morning my father said: “ I’ll be very busy today” => At breakfast this morning my father said that he would be very busy today Some main types of Reported Speech To facilitate Reported Speech in teaching and studying, I classified it into three basic types as follow: - Statements - Questions : Wh- questions and Yes / No Questions - Imperatives (Advice, commands, requests, Suggestions) 2.1 Statements - When reporting statements, we should use the form: Reporting verb + ( that ) + Reported clause (F1) - We use say or tell to report the statements in Reported Speech say + that + reported clause tell + sb + that + reported clause Ex: “ I have just heard the news”, she said  She told me ( that) she had just heard the news  She said ( that) she had just heard the news PRACTICE Change these statements into Reported Speech “He always has dinner here,” she said =>……………………………………………………………………………… “I couldn’t get into the house because I had lost my key,” he said =>……………………………………………………………………………… “I’m her guest at the moment,” he said =>……………………………………………………………………………… “If the ground is dry on the day of the race, my horse might win,” said the owner =>……………………………………………………………………………… “I’m deeply grateful for all what you’ve done for Maurice,” Mrs Tabret said to Stella =>……………………………………………………………………………… “You behaved very badly yesterday,” Pearl says to her =>……………………………………………………………………………… “The bus was here a minute ago,” said Arnold =>……………………………………………………………………………… “If you saw my father, you’d recognize him at once,” said Tom =>……………………………………………………………………………… “I meet Peter at the club last weekend,” said Bessie =>……………………………………………………………………………… 10 “I’ll come with you as soon as I am ready.” She replied =>……………………………………………………………………………… 2.2 Questions ( Wh- Questions and Yes / No Questions) - There are two main kinds of questions, these are Wh- Questions and Yes / No Questions When we turn direct questions into Reported Speech , changes are the same in statements It means that we change tenses, pronouns, possesive adjectives, adverbs of time and place, and demonstratives If the introductory verb is say , it must be changed to a verb of inquiry like ask, inquire, want to know, wonder… The interrogative form of the verb changes to the affirmative form The question mark (?) is therefore omitted in reported questions The commom forms of this type in Reported Speech are shown as follow: 2.2.1 Wh – questions Reporting verb + wh-word + S + V (F2) Ex: a) He said : “ Where is she going ? ” => He asked where she was going b) She said to me : “ Who are you?” => She asked me who I was 2.2.2 Yes / No Questions: - Yes / No – questions has the following forms: To be Do/ Does/ Did Will/ Shall + S + N/ Adj …./ V / P2, ect ? Can/May/ Should Would/ Could/ Might , ect Have/ Has/ Had - We use if / whether to report Yes/ No question Direct Speech Reporting verbs + if / whether + S + V ( F3) Ex: a) “ Am I right ?”, He said => He wondered if / whether he was right b) “ Did you see the accident ?” the policeman asked => The policeman asked if / whether I had seen the accident c) “ Shall I lock the car or leave it unlocked?” he said => He asked if / whether he should lock the car or leave it unlocked - Whether is usually used to emphasize to a choice Also, we can use whether or not and whether… or not instead of if / whether Ex: He asked: “ Do you want to insure your luggage or not?” => He wanted to know whether or not I want to insure my luggage => He wanted to know whether I want to insure my luggage or not 2.2.3 Before TO – INFINITIVE a) Question words: - We can use question words who, what, where, where, when, how before a to – infinitive to express situation that is difficult or uncertain Some reported verbs often used in this case are ask, wonder, (not) be sure, have no idea, ( not) know, (not) decide, (not) tell Ex: “Who should we contact ? ” said they => They asked me who they should contact => They didn’t know who to contact “ How could I tell this news to my parents ?” said he => He wondered how to tell that new to his parents - Question words can be used to report questions about something that should be done: Ex: “ What should I do?” she said => She wondered what to - Note: The question word why can not be used before a to – infinitive b) Yes/ No – Questions: - We can only use whether before to – infinitive - Note: if can not be used in this case Ex: “ Should I tell my parents what I really think?” she wondered => She wondered whether to tell her parents what her really thought ( NOT: She wondered if to tell her parents what her really thought.) PRACTICE Exercise 1: Change the following sentences into Reported Speech “Is there a word of true in this story,” said his mother =>……………………………………………………………………………… “What country you come from?” said Bill =>……………………………………………………………………………… “Which Tim has won?” asked Ann =>……………………………………………………………………………… “What are you going to study?” sai Bill =>……………………………………………………………………………… “What platform does the train leave from?” asked John =>……………………………………………………………………………… “Have you ever seen this before?” she said to him =>……………………………………………………………………………… “Does he speak English and Frech?” said Paul =>……………………………………………………………………………… “Aren’t Bessie and Harry here?” she asked him =>……………………………………………………………………………… “ Were your own boys happy at the school?” she said =>……………………………………………………………………………… 10 “Will you tell John what I told you last night?” Ann said to Peter =>……………………………………………………………………………… Exercise 2: Rewrite the following questions in reported speech, using question words before TO- infinitive “ How should we use this suupport service?” they wondered => …………………………………………………………………………… “ Who should I turn to for help?” he asked => …………………………………………………………………………… “ Mum, when should I turn off the oven?” Mai asked her mother => …………………………………………………………………………… “ Where should we park our bikes?” asked Phong and Minh => …………………………………………………………………………… “ Should we call her now?” he asked => …………………………………………………………………………… 6."What should we to make Linh feel happier?” they wondered =>…………………………………………………………………………… 2.3 Imperatives + The sentence that expresses a command, a request and an advice or a suggestion is call an imperative sentence For examples: - Open the door ( a command) - Please help me ( a request) - Avoid unhealthy food ( an advice / a suggestion) - Don’t make a noise ( a command) + Indirect commands, requests and advice or suggestion are usually expressed by a verb of commands / requests / advice/ suggest + Object + to – infinitive + Common form: Reporting Verb + O + (NOT) + TO - infinitive ( F4 ) Reporting Verbs can be used: ask and tell: ask / tell sb (not) to st Ex: He said, “ Lie down, Tom” => He told Tom to lie down He said : “ Can you pass me a buiscuit?” => He asked me to pass him a buiscuit My teacher said to me : “ You should improve your Spainish pronunciation ” => He told me to improve my Spainish pronunciation - The person addressed (indirect object) is often not mentioned in direct commands, requests, advice, such as He said, “ Go away” Hence, when reporting we must add a noun or pronoun: He told me / him/ her/ them/ the childen to go away 2.3.1 Commands - Direct commands are usually expressed by the imperative in the form of (F4) : Ex: “ Don’t drive too fast,” he said => He told me not to drive too fast - Some other reporting verbs can be used for indirect commands such as command, order,charge, demand, warn, forbid… Ex: My mornitor said : “ Make a line !” => My mornitor commanded us to make a line Ex: “ Don’t swim out too far, boys,” I said => I warned the boys not to swim out too far - Note: say is not normally included in command 2.3.2 Requests, advice It is especially effective that we report speaker’s words with understanding his attitude and intention so that we use a reporting verb exactly For instance, “ Can you open the door, please?” In this direct speech, the speaker wants to give a request of opening the door, but makes a question Therefore, instead of reporting She asked if I could open the door, we should report : She asked me to open the door - Requests and advice can be expressed not only in the forms ( F1), ( F2), ( F3), ( F4) but also in a variet of ways - Reporting verbs can be used in Reported Speech for them: advise, ask, tell,, beg, encourage, entreat,request, urge, implore, recommend,remind, invite,… Ex: “ If I were you, I’d stop smoking,” I said => I advised him to stop smoking “ Don’t forget to order the wine,” said Mrs Pitt => Mrs Pitt reminded her husband to order the wine 10 “ Go on, apply for the job,” said Jack => Jack urged / encouraged me to apply for the job “ You shouldn’t draw on the wall,” said teacher => The teacher advised us not to draw on the wall * Notes: - The reporting verb advise is usually used with: + You should / You ought to + V + If I were you , I would / should… + You’d better… + Why don’t you… Ex: “ You’d better go to the dentist,” she said => She advised me to go to the dentist - The reporting verb remind is usually used with: + Don’t forget … + Remember… Ex: She said to me: “ Don’t forget to ring me up tomorrow evening” => She reminded me to ring her up the next evening - The reporting verb agree is usually used with: + All right… + Yes, + Of course,… Ex: “ All right, I’ll wait for you”, he said => He agreed to wait for me - The reporting verb want is usually used with: + would like… + …wish… Ex: “ I’d like to become a doctor,” my mum said => My mum wanted Lan to become a doctor 2.3.3 Suggestions - The reporting verb suggest is usually used the same to advise The reporter must realize the direct speech is a suggestion or an advice in order to use the reporting verb suitably + Why don’t we/ you… ? + I thinh you should…… + What about + V-ing….? + Let’s …… Ex: The dentist said, “ I think you should use a different toothbrush” => The dentist suggested (that) I should use a different toothbrush => The dentist suggested using a different toothbrush She said, “Why don’t you get a machenic to look at the car?” => She suggested (that) I should get a machenic to look at the car => She suggested getting a machenic to look at the car OR: => She advised me to get a machenic to look at the car 11 PRACTICE Exercise 1: Change the following into Reported Speech “Lend me your pen for a moment,” I said to Marry =>………………………………………………………………………………… “Don’t belive everything you hear,” he warned me =>………………………………………………………………………………… “Please as I say,” he begged me =>………………………………………………………………………………… “Climb in through the window,” he ordered =>………………………………………………………………………………… “Wash it in lukewarm water,” recommended the assistant =>………………………………………………………………………………… “Don’t forget your sandwiches,” said his mother =>………………………………………………………………………………… “Don’t go near the water, children,” she said =>………………………………………………………………………………… Other kinds of Reported Speech 3.1 Exclamation or feeling - Exclamation usually becomes statements in the indirect speech The exclamation mark disappears - The tense changes are the same to the statements - The connective that has to be supplied in the Reported Speech Ex: She said to me, “May God bless you with success!” => She prayed that God might bless me with success a) – Beginning What (a)….! , How ….! can be reported by (a1) exclaim/ say that or (a2) give an exclamation of delight/ disgust/ hornor/ relief/ surprise……or (a3) With an exclamation of delight/ disgust/ hornor/ relief/ surprise / sorrow/ regret… Ex: He said: “What a wonderful idea!” => He exclaimed that it was a wonderfull idea => He gave an exclamation of pleasure that it was a wonderfull idea - Beginning Good!, Marvellous! can be reported as in (a2) and (a3) Ex: “Good!” he exclaimed => He gave an exclamation of pleasure/ satisfaction “Ugh!” She exclaimed, and turned the programme off => With an exclamation of disgust she turned the programme off b) We also use the following form to report Exclamation or the speaker’s feeling Ex: Reporting Verb + with + N/ clause Reporting Verb + adv + N/ Clause “ Hurrah! I’ve passed the exam!” => He exclaimed with joy that he had passed the exam => He exclaimed joyfully/ happily/ cheerfully that he passed the exam “ What? Is it my bag?” 12 => She asked with doubt whether it was her bag or not “ What on earth are you doing here?” => The man shouted with anger what we were doing “ Ouch! Ouch!” => The boy cried out with pain c) Some explanatory phrases: Hurrah! Ha! ( Express: joy) Alas! Oh! ( Express: sorrow, regret, or loss ) Bravo! ( Express: applause ) What! Oh! How! ( Express: surprise ) Pool! Pshaw! ( Express: contempt ) PRACTICE Rewrite the following sentences in Reported Speech She said: “How expensive the dress is!” => ………………………………………………………………………………… “What an interesting film!” Tom said => ………………………………………………………………………………… “Congratulation!” I said, “and good luck with the second.” => ………………………………………………………………………………… “Ugh! There’s a slug in my lettuce Waiter!” he said => ………………………………………………………………………………… “ What? Is it my bag?” => ………………………………………………………………………………… “Hurrah!” cried the boy, “I have won a prize” => ………………………………………………………………………………… The old man said: “Alas! I have lost my purse.” => ………………………………………………………………………………… 3.2 Statements Some other reporting verbs used to report Statements: + admit that: thú nhận Ex: “ It was me who took the money” => He admitted that he had taken the money + answer that/ replay that: trả lời Ex: “ Did you go out last night?” “ No,” he answered => She asked if he had gone out the night before He answered that he hadn’t + argue that : tranh cãi Ex: “ But a cat is not strong enough to open the fridge,” he said => He argued that a cat was not strong enough to open the fridge + claimed that: cho ( thông thường thể nghi ngờ người tường thuật) Ex: “ I’ve done it right,” he said => He claimed that he had done it right ( But I wonder if it’s true.) 13 + complain that: phàn nàn Ex: “ You’ve never taken me out since we got married,” his wife said  His wife complained that he had never taken her out since they got married + accuse sb of doing st: buộc tội làm Ex: “ You’ve copied my essay,” his deskmate said => His deskmate accused him of copying his essay + deny that/ V-ing : chối Ex: “ I didn’t take your cell phone” he said to his friend  He denied of taking his friend’s cell phone + apologize for doing st: xin lỗi chuyện Ex: “ I’m sorry, I’m late,” he said => He apologized for being late + offer to st: tình nguyện làm Ex: “I’ll help you,” he said => He offered to help me + insist on doing st: cố đòi làm Ex: Ann: Let me pay for myself Tom: Certaintly not! I’ll pay for both of us => Tom insisted on paying for both of them + promise that/ promise to st: hứa Ex: “I’ll come back soon,” he said => He promised that he would come back soon => He promised to come back soon + refuse to st: từ chối làm Ex: Ann: Can you look after the children for me? Tom: Sorry, I’m busy now => Tom refused to look after the childeren and explained that he was busy + threaten to st: dọa làm Ex: “I’ll sell TV if you keep on quarrelling,” our mother said  Our mother threatened to sell the TV if we kept on quarrelling,” our mother said + assure sb that: đảm bảo với Ex: “It won’t cost more,” Tom assured us => Tom assured us that it wouldn’t cost more + object that: phản đối Ex: “It won’t cost more,” Tom assured us “But it’ll take longer,” Bill objected => Tom assured us that it wouldn’t cost more.But Bill objected/ pointed out that it would take longer + explain (to sb) that: giải thích (với )rằng Ex: “The machine has run out of battery,” the repairman said to me 14 => The the repairman explained to me that the machine had run out of battery + state that : phát biểu Ex: “The government is controling inflation,” the spokesman said to me => The spokesman stated that the government is controlling inflation + report that: tường thuật, báo cáo Ex: “We have arrested two suspected men,” said the police spokesman => The police spokesman reported that they had arrested two suspected men 3.3 Report two or more two sentences When reporting two or more two sentences, we can report each sentence individually or join them together with connective words such as as, and, but, for… or with V-ing These following sentence is an example: Ex: “If I were you, I’d stop smoking It won’t be good for your health in the long run,” I said  I advised him to stop smoking, I explained that it woudn’t be good for his health in the long time run  I advised him to stop smoking and I explained that it woudn’t be good for his health in the long time run  I advised him to stop smoking and I explained that it woudn’t be good for his health in the long time run PRACTICE Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence in reported speech “Don’t forget to take a short rest every two hours, will you?” she said => ………………………………………………………………………………… “Why don’t you take a holiday?” said doctor => ………………………………………………………………………………… “No, you really must stay for the night, Sophia,” Ann said => ………………………………………………………………………………… “Well, in the end I think I’ll take the brown pair,” said the customer => ………………………………………………………………………………… “Give us your key or we’ll kill you all,” said the robbers => ………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise 2: Choose the best reporting verb to fill in the blank I thought Jim would say something about his new job But he didn’t ……………… about it A say B tell C mention D insist Sorry, I wasn’t being insulting I simply ………………… that you seem to have put on rather a lot of weight lately A remarked B reminded C requested D recommended The children …………… that their parents were always checking on them A demanded B suggested C reminded D complained It has been…………… that by the year 2050, some capital cities will be almost uninhabitable because of the effects of air pollution 15 A reported B threatened C promised D predicted The police …………… that crowd was under 50,000 A reported B reminded C insisted D advised Exercise 3: Choose A, B, C or D that represents the best meaning of following sentences “Could I have a cup of coffee?” she said A She insisted on having a cup of coffee B She asked for a cup of coffee C She offered a cup of coffee D She reminded me of a cup of coffee “Shall we go for a walk?” said Peter A Peter asked for permission to go for a walk B Peter requested me to go for a walk C Peter asked me whether I would go for a walk D Peter suggested going for a walk “Don’t turn off the TV We don’t quarrel anymore.” Said the children to their mother A The children commanded their mother not to turn off the TV because they won’t quarrel anymore B The children wanted to watch TV and quarrel at the same time C The children promised to stop quarrelling and to watch TV D The children begged their mother not to turn off the TV and promised not quarrel anymore “I’ll drop you from the team if you don’t train harder,” said the captain to the boys A The captain warned the boys to drop them from the team if they didn’t train harder B The captain suggested dropping the boys from the team if they didn’t train harder C The captain advised the boys to train harder or he would drop them from the team D The captain threatened to drop the boys from the team if they didn’t train harder Tom promised to be as quick as he could A “ Shall I be as quick as I can?” Tom said B “ I’ll be as quick as I can,” Tom said C “I won’t be too quick,” said Tom D “I promise I will be as quick as I could,” said Tom Use a mind-map in teaching and studying Reported Speech ( Purpose: to summarize the key elements of Reported Speech) For a long time teaching, I have created the mind – map of Reported Speech on my own And it’s a result that teaching and studying this point of grammar is becoming easier and more effective I would like to show my mind-map as the below: 16 17 PART C: RESULTS OF THE STUDY Experiencing more two years applying the study in teaching Reported Speech in grade and grade at my school, I have achieved the good results In aspect of the poor and average students, they can not only be able to remember the main types of Reported Speech thanks to use the mind map but also some basic exercises Moreover, the good and exellent students can difficult exercises of Reported Speech Most of them feel that studying this complicated grammatical point is becoming easier In addition, my experience initiative is especially effective to teach the exellent students who are ready for the specific examinations The table that I would like to show below is my recent result: Before applying the study No Grade 8A2 8A3 9A2 Excellent SL % 3,2 6,5 2,9 Good SL % 29 13 41,9 12 35,3 Average SL % 18 58,1 15 48,4 19 55,9 Weak SL % 9,7 3,2 5,9 Good SL % 12 38,7 14 45,1 15 44,1 Average SL % 15 48,3 10 32,3 14 41,2 Weak SL % 0 0 0 Bad SL 0 % 0 After applying the study No Grade 8A2 8A3 9A2 Excellent SL % 13 22,6 14,7 Bad SL 0 % 0 My research faciliates Reported Speech for me to teach Some strategies, especially the mind-map that I have just shown in the study helps students deeply carve their mind how to change Direct Speech into Reported Speech correctly, some main types of Reported Speech, some verbs used to report, and some other cases PART D: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS Conclusion In the process of applying my study, I actually realize the positive changes of teaching and studying Reported Speech of both the teacher and students The strategies shown in the research have been taught suitably to the levels of students For instance, to the weak and average students, I only focus on helping them to master some basic types of Reported Speech such as Questions ( WhQuestions , Yes/No- Questions), Advices, Commands and Request and some normal verbs used to report these like asked, told, said, advice…Besides, I teach them to master some basic rules used to change Direct Speech into Reported Speech such as to change Pronouns, Possessive Adjectives and Reflexive Pronouns; to back the tenses of verbs; and change adverbs And the key helping me to this effectively is the mind-map which I have just mentioned above Also, I asked them to the most basic and simple exercises of Reported 18 Speech And I don’t force them to study all types and cases of it Otherwise, to good and excellent students, I usually teach all types and cases that Reported Speech has Since the time of my experience initiative is limited and the application of the study is only used for students in my school, I am sure that it will have a lot of shortcomings Therefore, I am looking forward to receiving the supplementary ideas and corrections from my colleagues so that my study is being become more perfective and effective Suggestions 2.1 For the school administrator staff - Complete the funtional room with enough essential equipments for teaching and learning English, such as pictures, tapes, CD’s, VCD, ect - Found an English club that is a good language environment for students to practice not only speaking and communicating English but also practice the knowdledge they have learnt like Reported Speech 2.2 For the Education and Training Department - Frequently organize the workshops or the professional activities in the topic for teachers of English in over the distrist so that the teachers have more chances to change their own experiences ( For example, the topics can be the experience initiatives graded A) - Organize the English Speaking Contests for the Primary and the Secondary students This motivates students on applying theoretical lessons in practicing language more positively Principal’s signature Ngoc Lac, March 20th, 2018 I undertake that this study is my own work without copying from the others’ Written by: Tran Thi Tu 19 REFERENCES “Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi Tiếng Anh THCS” – Education Publishing House A Practical English Grammar ( Theoretical book & Exercise book), written by A.J Thomson and A.V Martinet – Oxford University Press 3.English ( the pilot program) - Education Publishing House English excercise book ( the pilot program) - Education Publishing House 20 DANH MỤC CÁC ĐỀ TÀI SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM ĐÃ ĐƯỢC HỘI ĐỒNG ĐÁNH GIÁ XẾP LOẠI CẤP PHÒNG GD&ĐT, CẤP SỞ GD&ĐT VÀ CÁC CẤP CAO HƠN XẾP LOẠI TỪ C TRỞ LÊN Họ tên tác giả: Trần Thị Tư Chức vụ đơn vị cơng tác: Trường THCS Thị Trấn, Ngọc Lặc, Thanh Hóa TT Tên đề tài SKKN Một số hoạt động luyện tập Tiếng Anh Một số thủ thuật dạy mẫu câu Tiếng Anh cho học sinh lớp Kết Cấp đánh đánh giá giá xếp loại xếp loại (Phòng, Sở, (A, B, Tỉnh ) C) Phòng GD&ĐT B Ngọc Lặc Phòng GD&ĐT Ngọc Lặc B Năm học đánh giá xếp loại 2011 - 2012 2014 - 2015 21 ... focuses on some strategies in teaching Reported Speech such as some rules for changing from Direct Speech into Reported Speech, some main forms of Reported Speech ,some other cases of Repoted Speech, ... overviewing about the Reported Speech Also, it suggests some strategies on teaching Reported speech Moreover, I did the research to evaluate the effectiveness of doing Reported Speech tasks of students... These are some notes for changing Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives in Reported Speech: DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH The first person It is the person of the speaker in the Direct Speech Ex: