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Dr Le Dong Phuong Vietnam Institute of Education Sciences History of education in Vietnam Education in feudal times Mostly copied from Chinese education with rote learning Focus on memorizing rather than independent thinking Under French rule French characteristics introduced Aiming at serving the French administration 1945 Vietnam became independent Looking for real identity of Vietnamese education Hanoi October 2014 Innovation competences At the beginning of the Republic Fighting the illiteracy was one of the priorities of the new Government of Vietnam days after independence declaration literacy education was set to be universal and free of charge for all Vietnamese One year after, the overall education policy has been enacted Vietnamese language to be the medium of instruction in the education system, replacing French The first education reform Enacted in 1950 1950,, during the fight against France New education system with years of schooling Adult education expanded to serve the needs of the population Institutions of professional and higher education were to be developed to meet the manpower needs The second education reform Enacted in 1956 1956,, after Genève peace accords 10 years of schooling Literacy campaigns to get education to all Expansion of professional and higher education All education free of charge The third education reform Enacted in 1979 1979,, after the end of Vietnam War 12 years of schooling Technical and vocational education got special attention in the development of the country Higher education expansion (graduate introduced) studies Education at the end of th 20 century Challenges: lack of public resources with increased enrollment due to population boom in late ’70s Đổi (innovation) policy, moving toward market economy Education gets changed: user pays, mobilization of social resources, education for disadvantaged groups Current situation in education Primary and lower secondary universalized throughout the country Last year of kindergarten to be universalized (preparation of years old children before enrolling into Grade 1) Innovation of teaching and learning for quality enhancement Participation in international assessment exercises (PISA, READ…) Building of learning society The education system Enrollment into preschool and school education 12000,000 10000,000 8000,000 6000,000 4000,000 2000,000 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 Nursery Kindergarten Primary Lower secondary Upper secondary 10 Innovating higher and vocational education • Diversifying technical and vocational programs, providing transfer options for workforce to develop themselves • Design courses based on requirements from local employers and new market trends • Involving practitioners in design, delivering and assessment of courses • Focusing on new skills: transferable and soft skills, creativity and adaptability • Seeking to integrate to the regional and international educational landscapes, ensuring mobility for the young workers Expanding lifelong learning options • Ensuring opportunities for all population groups • Helping adults and all those who want to purse education to develop themselves • Creating new learning paths for people to update their knowledge and chances to make better changes in career and life • Reaching further to remote places and underprivileged groups • Guidance and counseling services for rural youth Helping the rural youth establishing themselves • More free or subsidized vocational training opportunities for school leavers • Funding options for young entrepreneurs to create jobs in rural areas • Subsidies for excellent university graduates to settle in remote, difficult areas Initiative 1: KAB into secondary schools • Knowledge about Business from ILO • First introduced into Vietnam in 2005 • Adapted to Vietnamese conditions in 2009 • A package of modules, 120 hours (1-2 school years) for upper secondary school students Objectives of the KAB package • Develop positive attitudes towards enterprises and self-employment among the population, by targeting youth but also stakeholders for enterprise development • Create awareness of enterprises and selfemployment as a career option for young people in secondary and vocational education • Provide knowledge and practice of the desirable attributes for and challenges in starting and operating a successful enterprise • Facilitate the school-work transition as a result of a better understanding of functions and operations of enterprises Contents of KAB package • What is enterprise? • Why entrepreneurship? • Who are entrepreneurs? • How I become an entrepreneur? • How I find a good business idea? • How I organize an enterprise? • How I operate an enterprise? • What are the next steps to become an entrepreneur? • How to develop one’s own business plan? Process of introduction • Review of the package • Need/Relevance analysis • Localization/translation • The pilot project with nearly 3000 students at 11 schools in provinces (Thanh Hoa, Quang Ngai, Binh Phuoc, Tra Vinh) Results • Refreshing/Complementing the content of Ø Career education Ø Technology education Ø Common trade subject in high school • Enhancing students’ understanding of business, doing business and their capacity in doing business, especially those not taking further education • Enhancing schools’ links to local businesses • Business education is being introduced systemwide Initiative 2: New career guidance tools for secondary schools • Starting from last December as part of the programme Rural Youth Employment financed by ILO for Phu Tho, Hue, Quang Ngai • Complement to the current career education activity of hours/school year Objectives • Providing vocational schools, teachers with new tools to conduct the career education • Providing secondary school children with new ways to discover themselves, the world of work, making decision about their future and planning for these future choices • Providing parents, school children with in-depth information about career options which otherwise not available in rural context Components • Teachers’ guide book • Student workbook • Career dictionary • Learning support materials (cards, posters, ) • Career fairs for students Process of piloting • Preparing materials • Small scale pilot to Grade and 12 students in April 2014 (2500 students) • Measuring impacts in May 2014 • Revision of materials • Training of teachers • Pilot to Grade students in October and November 2014 (20000 students) • Measuring impacts in November 2014 Preliminary results • Improved understanding about career and career choices among students in the pilot • Improved links between vocational schools – schools • Better career choices among rural students • Shared career decisions among students – parents - teachers Lessons • Preparing young people covers more than just the teaching of academic subjects • Career guidance and entrepreneurship education could help to solve some problems with the young generations, sometimes misoriented after graduation from school • Entrepreneurship education could help to revitalize local communities which otherwise will be left in dust during the modernization of the country Connecting the dots • All the efforts are to be concerted, i.e linked together • Ultimate goal is to equip the young people with needed skills which enable them to earn their living locally and compete even internationally • Getting all parties involved: business sector, public agencies, educational institutions and the young people themselves ... students College and university students 11 Future directions for education Innovation of education (basic, comprehensive changes in education) Changes in education administration and management... towards innovation and entrepreneurship Education is both duty and right of every Vietnamese Goal of education in Vietnam Creativity and career orientation by students Learning and practice... Diffusion of innovation All of this need Well educated persons with innovation competences, who can make innovation happen Policies promoting innovation Ø Education has strong impact on innovation!
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