Innovation and enterpreneurship educatio IN VIET NAM

Dr Le Dong Phuong Vietnam Institute of Education Sciences History of education in Vietnam — Education in feudal times — Mostly copied from Chinese education with rote learning — Focus on memorizing rather than independent thinking — Under French rule — French characteristics introduced — Aiming at serving the French administration — 1945 Vietnam became independent — Looking for real identity of Vietnamese education Hanoi October 2014 Innovation competences At the beginning of the Republic — Fighting the illiteracy was one of the priorities of the new Government of Vietnam — days after independence declaration literacy education was set to be universal and free of charge for all Vietnamese — One year after, the overall education policy has been enacted — Vietnamese language to be the medium of instruction in the education system, replacing French The first education reform — Enacted in 1950 1950,, during the fight against France — New education system with years of schooling — Adult education expanded to serve the needs of the population — Institutions of professional and higher education were to be developed to meet the manpower needs The second education reform — Enacted in 1956 1956,, after Genève peace accords — 10 years of schooling — Literacy campaigns to get education to all — Expansion of professional and higher education — All education free of charge The third education reform — Enacted in 1979 1979,, after the end of Vietnam War — 12 years of schooling — Technical and vocational education got special attention in the development of the country — Higher education expansion (graduate introduced) studies Education at the end of th 20 century — Challenges: lack of public resources with increased enrollment due to population boom in late ’70s — Đổi (innovation) policy, moving toward market economy — Education gets changed: user pays, mobilization of social resources, education for disadvantaged groups Current situation in education — Primary and lower secondary universalized throughout the country — Last year of kindergarten to be universalized (preparation of years old children before enrolling into Grade 1) — Innovation of teaching and learning for quality enhancement — Participation in international assessment exercises (PISA, READ…) — Building of learning society The education system Enrollment into preschool and school education 12000,000 10000,000 8000,000 6000,000 4000,000 2000,000 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 Nursery Kindergarten Primary Lower secondary Upper secondary 10 Innovating higher and vocational education • Diversifying technical and vocational programs, providing transfer options for workforce to develop themselves • Design courses based on requirements from local employers and new market trends • Involving practitioners in design, delivering and assessment of courses • Focusing on new skills: transferable and soft skills, creativity and adaptability • Seeking to integrate to the regional and international educational landscapes, ensuring mobility for the young workers Expanding lifelong learning options • Ensuring opportunities for all population groups • Helping adults and all those who want to purse education to develop themselves • Creating new learning paths for people to update their knowledge and chances to make better changes in career and life • Reaching further to remote places and underprivileged groups • Guidance and counseling services for rural youth Helping the rural youth establishing themselves • More free or subsidized vocational training opportunities for school leavers • Funding options for young entrepreneurs to create jobs in rural areas • Subsidies for excellent university graduates to settle in remote, difficult areas Initiative 1: KAB into secondary schools • Knowledge about Business from ILO • First introduced into Vietnam in 2005 • Adapted to Vietnamese conditions in 2009 • A package of modules, 120 hours (1-2 school years) for upper secondary school students Objectives of the KAB package • Develop positive attitudes towards enterprises and self-employment among the population, by targeting youth but also stakeholders for enterprise development • Create awareness of enterprises and selfemployment as a career option for young people in secondary and vocational education • Provide knowledge and practice of the desirable attributes for and challenges in starting and operating a successful enterprise • Facilitate the school-work transition as a result of a better understanding of functions and operations of enterprises Contents of KAB package • What is enterprise? • Why entrepreneurship? • Who are entrepreneurs? • How I become an entrepreneur? • How I find a good business idea? • How I organize an enterprise? • How I operate an enterprise? • What are the next steps to become an entrepreneur? • How to develop one’s own business plan? Process of introduction • Review of the package • Need/Relevance analysis • Localization/translation • The pilot project with nearly 3000 students at 11 schools in provinces (Thanh Hoa, Quang Ngai, Binh Phuoc, Tra Vinh) Results • Refreshing/Complementing the content of Ø Career education Ø Technology education Ø Common trade subject in high school • Enhancing students’ understanding of business, doing business and their capacity in doing business, especially those not taking further education • Enhancing schools’ links to local businesses • Business education is being introduced systemwide Initiative 2: New career guidance tools for secondary schools • Starting from last December as part of the programme Rural Youth Employment financed by ILO for Phu Tho, Hue, Quang Ngai • Complement to the current career education activity of hours/school year Objectives • Providing vocational schools, teachers with new tools to conduct the career education • Providing secondary school children with new ways to discover themselves, the world of work, making decision about their future and planning for these future choices • Providing parents, school children with in-depth information about career options which otherwise not available in rural context Components • Teachers’ guide book • Student workbook • Career dictionary • Learning support materials (cards, posters, ) • Career fairs for students Process of piloting • Preparing materials • Small scale pilot to Grade and 12 students in April 2014 (2500 students) • Measuring impacts in May 2014 • Revision of materials • Training of teachers • Pilot to Grade students in October and November 2014 (20000 students) • Measuring impacts in November 2014 Preliminary results • Improved understanding about career and career choices among students in the pilot • Improved links between vocational schools – schools • Better career choices among rural students • Shared career decisions among students – parents - teachers Lessons • Preparing young people covers more than just the teaching of academic subjects • Career guidance and entrepreneurship education could help to solve some problems with the young generations, sometimes misoriented after graduation from school • Entrepreneurship education could help to revitalize local communities which otherwise will be left in dust during the modernization of the country Connecting the dots • All the efforts are to be concerted, i.e linked together • Ultimate goal is to equip the young people with needed skills which enable them to earn their living locally and compete even internationally • Getting all parties involved: business sector, public agencies, educational institutions and the young people themselves ... students College and university students 11 Future directions for education — Innovation of education (basic, comprehensive changes in education) — Changes in education administration and management... towards innovation and entrepreneurship — Education is both duty and right of every Vietnamese — Goal of education in Vietnam — Creativity and career orientation by students — Learning and practice... Diffusion of innovation — All of this need — Well educated persons with innovation competences, who can make innovation happen — Policies promoting innovation Ø Education has strong impact on innovation!