Câu đảo ngữ Tiếng Anh (Lý thuyết + Bài tập)

Trong tiếng anh đảo ngữ thường được sử dụng với mệnh đề nhấn mạnh thường gặp dạng đảo trạng từ lên đầu câu thường là các trạng từ chỉ tần suất: 9 Adverbs of Frequency và thường dung cho

FULL INVERSION

1 Trong tiếng anh đảo ngữ thường được sử dụng với mệnh đề nhấn mạnh thường gặp

dạng đảo trạng từ lên đầu câu (thường là các trạng từ chỉ tần suất: 9 Adverbs of

Frequency và thường dung cho câu khẳng định)

Eg:

- She never eats out

==> Never does she eat out

- They rarely (seldom) stay up late to get access to the Internet and search useful

information for his professional

==> Rarely (Seldom) do they stay up late to get access to the Internet and search useful information for his professional

2 Đảo từ với câu điều kiện:

2-1 Đảo từ với câu điều kiện loại 1

a) Câu điều kiện loại 1 có sử dụng “ should” thay hiện tại không xác định chỉ khả năng xáy ra ít hơn ở tương lai Đảo “should” lên đầu câu thay “If”

Eg: If it should rain tonight, I will stay at home

==> Should it rain

b) Điều kiện loại 1 có sử dụng thời hiện tại hoàn thành Lấy “should” thay “If” sao đó

để nguyên thể hoàn thành với “have done” ở tất cả các ngôi

Eg: If she has finished the work, she can go home

==> Should she have finished

c) Điều kiện loại 1 ở dạng bình thường Thay “should’ = if và giữ nguyên trật tự câu Eg: If she does English knowledge revision frequently, she will sit for the upcoming TOEFL exam with the satisfactory score

==> Should she do English knowledge revision frequently, she will sit for the

upcoming TOEFL exam with the satisfactory score

2-2 Điều kiện loại 2

a) Mệnh đề điều kiện loại 2 có dùng động từ “tobe” ở số nhiều “were”, khi chuyển sang đảo ngữ sẽ dùng “were” thay”if”

Eg: If I were you, I would love him

==> Were I you

b) Trong mẫu câu điều kiện loại 2 đặc biệt có dùng “If” đầu câu ( nếu không phải vì thì khi chuyển sang đảo ngữ sẽ tách “were” khỏi “not’’sau đó đảo lên đầu câu thay

“if”)

Eg: If it weren’t for your progress, I wouldn’t be here

(Nếu như không vì sự tiến bộ của anh thì tôi đã không ở đó.)

==> Were it not your

c) Mẫu câu điều kiện loại 3 đặc biệt

 If + S+ were+ to do

Thay động từ ở quá khứ của mệnh đề điều kiện loại 2

Eg: If I were to speak

==> Với mẫu câu này đảo “were” lên đầu câu thay “If”

2-3 Điều kiện loại 3.

a) Dùng “Had” đảo lên đầu câu thay “If”

Eg: If she had worked harder last year, she wouldn’t have failed the exam

==> Had she worked harder last year

b) Câu điều kiện loại 3 đặc biệt đi với đại từ “it” đầu câu (giống trường hợp If it were not for N, S+ would V của điều kiện loại 2)

 If it hadn’t been for + N (Nếu không phải vì )

Tách “had” ra khỏi “not” đảo lên đầu câu thay “If”

Eg: If it hadn’t been for hot weather, we would have had a wonderful holiday

==> Had it not been for

c) Mệnh để điều kiện loại 3 đặc biệt có sử dụng” were to have done” thay quá khứ hoàn thành

Eg; If she had driven carefully, she wouldn’t have cause the accident.

==> If she were to have driven

Đảo “were” lên đầu câu thay “If”

==> Were she to have driven

Note 1:

to be + going to V / to V / about to V / bound to V / due to V : sắp, định phải làm gì

was / were + going to V / to V / about to V / bound to V / due to V : định làm gì trong quá khứ nhưng lại không làm được

Note 2:

Câu điều kiện loại 1 ở mệnh đề if ko chỉ là hiện tại đơn

Câu điều kiện loại 1 tổng quát là if clause ở hiện tại đơn Main clause S+

will/can/may/should/must + V

Ngoài ra trong câu điều kiện loại 1 ở if clause còn có dạng: If + present continous/ present perfect tùy vào việc ta muốn nhấn mạnh cái gì (có thể là nhấn mạnh kết quả hoặc có thể là nhấn mạnh sự việc đang xảy ra)

Eg: If you have finished the test, you can go home

If you are working, I'll phone you later

Tổng kết với 3 dạng cơ bản của câu điều kiện:

a, Câu điều kiện loại 1:

 If clause = should+S+V

Should she come late, she will miss the train

Should he lend me some money I will buy that house

b, Câu điều kiện loại 2:

 If clause= Were S +to V/ Were+S

If I were you I would work harder = Were I you

If I knew her I would invite her to the party = Were I to know her

c, Câu điều kiện loại 3 :

 If clause = Had+S+PII

If my parents hadn't encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam = Had my parents not encouraged me

3 Hình thức đảo ngữ với trạng ngữ phủ định:

With negative adverbs (trạng ngữ phủ định): Ta mang Trạng ngữ phủ định ra đầu câu

và hoán chuyển động từ lên trước Chủ ngữ (never, hardly, no sooner, little, no longer,

in no time, not only, rarely, seldom, nowhere, not until, )

Eg:

He didn’t say a word > Not a word did he say

We rarely go to cinema > Rarely do we go to cinema

* Đôi khi dùng nor, never thay thế cho not trong văn viết làm câu văn nhẹ nhàng hơn Eg: Nor was that all

* Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly ever,

 Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever+ auxiliary+ S+ V

Never in mid-summer does it snow

Hardly ever does he speak in the public

4 Hình thức đảo ngữ miêu tả 2 hành động cùng xảy ra sát và kế tiếp nhau sau 1 lúc

 No sooner than

 Not until that

 Scarely when

 Hardly when

Cấu trúc này thg dùng với quá khứ hoàn thành:

 + had + S + PII + S + Ved

Eg:

No sooner had I gone out than it began to rain

Scarely had she returned her hometown when she found out the truth of her father’s death

Hardly had he finished English Communication Course when he recognized how important English was for his life, job and prospective future = Not until had… that…

* Đảo ngữ với Until/ till+ clause/ adv of time+ auxiliary+ S+ V

Eg:

I won't come home till 10 o'clock = Not until/ Till o'clock that I will come home = It is not until 10 o'clock that I will come home

I didn't know that I had lost my key till I got home = Not until/ Till I got home did I know that I had lost my key

5 Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ chỉ cách thức (With adverbs of manner):

 Form: Phó từ + trợ động từ + S + V

Eg:

Beautifully did she sing

Excellently have they finished the assignment

6 Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ chỉ thời gian (With adverbs of time):

Eg:

Very often have we tried to do it

Twice a week do they travel out to Ho Chi Minh city to meet foreign partners to sign contracts

7 Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ chỉ nơi chốn: (With adverbs of place):

 Thường thì đặt phó từ lên trước + V + S

Eg:

On the table stood a man

Here comes the winter

There will take a place a big storm and heavy rain

8 Hình thức đảo ngữ với with now, thus, then, here, there: chỉ đc hoán chuyển khi chủ ngữ là danh từ, ko hoán chuyển khi chủ ngữ là đại từ.

Eg:

There comes the bus = There it comes

Now comes your turn = Now your turn comes

9 Hình thức đảo ngữ với : With/ only/ under/at/when/in:

Eg:

You can get success only under that condition

Only under that condition can u get success

You should not call the police under any case/ circumstance

Under any case/ circumstance should you not call the police

Under no cases/ circumstances should you call the police

Ngoài ra:

Lưu ý với:

 On no account + Vaux + S V : Không vì bất cứ lí do nào

Eg:

You Should never be late for the exam

=> On no account should you be late for the Exam

10 Hình thức đảo ngữ với so that, such that:

Eg:

So beautiful is she that I love her

So dark is it that I can't write

So busy am I that I don't have time to look after myself

So difficult was the exam that few student pass it

So attractive is she that many boys run after her

Such a clever boy is he that he can do this exercise easily.

11 Hình thức đảo ngữ với NO và NOT

 No+ N + auxiliary+S+Verb(inf)

 Not any+ N+ auxiliary+ S+ verb(inf)

Eg:

No money shall I lend you from now on, = Not any money shall I lend you from now on

12 Hình thức đảo ngữ với ONLY

Only one/once

Only later

Only in this way

Only in that way

Only then + auxiliary+ S+ V

Only after+ N

Only by V_ing / N

Only when + clause

Only with + N

Only if+ clause

Only in adv of time/ place

Eg:

Only one time did I meet her

Only after all guest had gone home could we relax

Only when I understand her did I like her

Only by practicing E every day can you speak it fluently

13 Hình thức đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No

At no time

On no condition

On no account + auxiliary+ S+ N

Under/ in no circumstances

For no searson

In no way

No longer

Eg:

For no reason shall you play truant

The money is not to be paid under any circumstances = Under no circumstances is the money to be paid

On no condition shall we accept their proposal

14 Hình thức đảo ngữ với Not only but also

 Not only + auxiliary + S + V but also

Not only is he good at Eng but he also draw very well

Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly

15 Hình thức đảo ngữ với No where

 No where + Au+ S+V

Eg:

No where in the VN is the cenery as beautiful as that in my country

No where do I feel as comfortable as I do at home

No where can you buy the goods as good as those in my country

16 Hình thức đảo ngữ Nhấn mạnh tính từ:

Trong TA có thể đảo tính từ, cụm tính ngữ làm C (bổ ngữ) của “to be” ra trước để nhấn mạnh, đồng thời đảo “to be” ra trước S (chủ ngữ)

Eg:

The probem is difficult.

==> Difficult is the problem

The flies are on the book

==> On the book are the flies

Note: ở đây cụm “on the book” mình xem là “cụm tính ngữ"

17 Hình thức đảo ngữ Nhấn mạnh động từ.

Trong TA có thể nhấn mạnh động từ ở thì hiện tại đơn và quá khứ đơn bằng cách thêm trợ động từ “to do” ở dạng tương ứng

Eg:

I stayed at home yesterday

I did stay at home yesterday

I hope to see you soonest in the coming time

I do hope to see you soonest in the coming time

18 NGữ PHÁP] CẤU TRÚC VỚI " NO MATTER"

No matter + who/what/which/where/when/how + subject + verb in present : dù có

đi chăng nữa thì

No matter how= however: dù tn đi nữa

No matter what = whatever: dù gì đi nữa

No matter where = wherever:

No matter when = whenever:

No matter which = whichever:

No matter who = whoever:

EX: No matter what you say, I won't believe you

( Dù bạn có nói gì đi nữa, tôi cũng sẽ không tin bạn )

Cấu trúc này có thể đứng cuối câu mà không có mệnh đề theo sau:

I will always love you, no matter what

Ngoài ra, " đôi khi" cũng có cấu trúc của how

No matter how (however) + adj + S +V , clause

EXERCISES

1 They had seldom participated in such a fascinating club

- Seldom

2 He will not be offered the job under any circumstances

-Under no circumstances

3 If he comes there by car, he may get troubles

-Should

4 He was so sad to fail the exam that he didn’t want to go out

-So

5 If only they had phoned me, I could have come

Had

6 When he entered the house, the police arrested him

Hardly

7 She has rarely traveled more than fifty miles from her village

-Rarely

8 You must on no account lift heavy weights like that again

-On no account

9 There are no temples like these anywhere else

-Nowhere else

10 When he went out, it started raining

-No sooner

11 He finished reading “The thorn bird”, and started reading “Gone with the wind” -Hardly

12 It is not worth considering his suggestion for a moment

-Not for a moment

13 If you had given it in on time, you would have got a high mark

-Had

14 He tries hard but gets nowhere

-However

15 I was never shown how to operate the machinery

-At no time

16 John didn’t celebrate until he received the offer of promotion in writing

-Not until

17 I have never seen such a mess in my life

-Never in

18 It was only when I left home that I realized how much my mother meant to me -Not until

19 The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard everyday

-Only by

20 They had to wait for 12 hours before the flight left

-Only after

21 I didn’t realize who he was until later

-Only later

22 He never suspected that the money had been stolen

-Never

23.I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later

- Only when

24 You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs John

-Nowhere

25 I tried as hard as I could, but I just couldn’t get the money

No matter

26 You can buy this book only in this shop

- Only in

27 My teacher is no longer teaching in this school

- No longer

28 She has never seen such a beautiful sight

- Never

29 I got no help from him

- No help

30 You should not travel alone under any circumstances

-Under

31 I know little about computers

- Little

Rewrite these sentences, using RARELY, SELDOM or LITTLE.

1.One rarely find good service these days

2.She has rarely traveled more than fifty miles from her village

3.It is very unusual for a military campaign to have been fought with so little loss of Life

4 It is unusual for the interior of the island to be visited by tourists

5.Public borrowing has seldom been so high

6.They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony

7.They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success

8.The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent

9.She didn’t realized what would happen to her next

10.I didn’t think that one day I’d be appearing in films rather then just watching them

III Rewrite these sentences, using IN, AT , UNDER, or ON.

1 Keith certainly can’t be held responsible for the accident

2 The children themselves are not in any way to blame for the disaster

3.The existence of extraterrestrial is not confirmed by the report

4 Iwas never shown how to operate the machinery

5 Henever suspected that she was a witch

6 There has never been a time when the English language was not in a state of change

7 Miss Weaver will not be offered the job under any circumstances

8 You should not send money to us by post under any circumstances

9.We can’t exchange tickets in any circumstances

10.I won’t go out that way to visit him again on my account!

IV Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT

1 He is my friend as well as yours

2 He booked tickets for the afternoon performance and the evening performance as well

3 Burglars stole a thousand pounds’ worth of electrical goods, and left the flat in an awful mess

4 Tony was not only late, but he had left all his books behind

5 You will enhance your posture and improve your acting ability on this course

6 It isn’t worth considering his suggestion for a moment

7 She didn’t shed a tear when the story ended in tragedy

8 The manager not once offered us an apology

9 She made no sound as she crept upstairs

10.He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired

V Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with ONLY

1 I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home

2 It

wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat

3 I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage

4 They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating

5 They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left

6 I didn’t realize who he was until later

7 The door could not be opened without using force

8 I won’t agree until Tom’s apologized

9 To get the 40% discount, you must buy all twelve books at the same time