Câu đảo ngữ Tiếng Anh (Lý thuyết + Bài tập)

FULL INVERSION Trong tiếng anh đảo ngữ thường sử dụng với mệnh đề nhấn mạnh thường gặp dạng đảo trạng từ lên đầu câu (thường trạng từ tần suất: Adverbs of Frequency thường dung cho câu khẳng định) Eg: - She never eats out ==> Never does she eat out - They rarely (seldom) stay up late to get access to the Internet and search useful information for his professional ==> Rarely (Seldom) they stay up late to get access to the Internet and search useful information for his professional Đảo từ với câu điều kiện: 2-1 Đảo từ với câu điều kiện loại a) Câu điều kiện loại có sử dụng “ should” thay khơng xác định khả xáy tương lai Đảo “should” lên đầu câu thay “If” Eg: If it should rain tonight, I will stay at home ==> Should it rain b) Điều kiện loại có sử dụng thời hoàn thành Lấy “should” thay “If” để ngun thể hồn thành với “have done” tất Eg: If she has finished the work, she can go home ==> Should she have finished c) Điều kiện loại dạng bình thường Thay “should’ = if giữ nguyên trật tự câu Eg: If she does English knowledge revision frequently, she will sit for the upcoming TOEFL exam with the satisfactory score ==> Should she English knowledge revision frequently, she will sit for the upcoming TOEFL exam with the satisfactory score 2-2 Điều kiện loại a) Mệnh đề điều kiện loại có dùng động từ “tobe” số nhiều “were”, chuyển sang đảo ngữ dùng “were” thay”if” Eg: If I were you, I would love him ==> Were I you b) Trong mẫu câu điều kiện loại đặc biệt có dùng “If” đầu câu ( khơng phải chuyển sang đảo ngữ tách “were” khỏi “not’’sau đảo lên đầu câu thay “if”) Eg: If it weren’t for your progress, I wouldn’t be here (Nếu khơng tiến anh tơi khơng đó.) ==> Were it not your c) Mẫu câu điều kiện loại đặc biệt  If + S+ were+ to Thay động từ khứ mệnh đề điều kiện loại Eg: If I were to speak ==> Với mẫu câu đảo “were” lên đầu câu thay “If” 2-3 Điều kiện loại a) Dùng “Had” đảo lên đầu câu thay “If” Eg: If she had worked harder last year, she wouldn’t have failed the exam ==> Had she worked harder last year b) Câu điều kiện loại đặc biệt với đại từ “it” đầu câu (giống trường hợp If it were not for N, S+ would V điều kiện loại 2)  If it hadn’t been for + N (Nếu khơng phải ) Tách “had” khỏi “not” đảo lên đầu câu thay “If” Eg: If it hadn’t been for hot weather, we would have had a wonderful holiday ==> Had it not been for c) Mệnh để điều kiện loại đặc biệt có sử dụng” were to have done” thay khứ hoàn thành Eg; If she had driven carefully, she wouldn’t have cause the accident ==> If she were to have driven Đảo “were” lên đầu câu thay “If” ==> Were she to have driven Note 1: to be + going to V / to V / about to V / bound to V / due to V : sắp, định phải làm was / were + going to V / to V / about to V / bound to V / due to V : định làm q khứ lại khơng làm Note 2: Câu điều kiện loại mệnh đề if ko đơn Câu điều kiện loại tổng quát if clause đơn Main clause S+ will/can/may/should/must + V Ngoài câu điều kiện loại if clause có dạng: If + present continous/ present perfect tùy vào việc ta muốn nhấn mạnh (có thể nhấn mạnh kết nhấn mạnh việc xảy ra) Eg: If you have finished the test, you can go home If you are working, I'll phone you later Tổng kết với dạng câu điều kiện: a, Câu điều kiện loại 1:  If clause = should+S+V Should she come late, she will miss the train Should he lend me some money I will buy that house b, Câu điều kiện loại 2:  If clause= Were S +to V/ Were+S If I were you I would work harder = Were I you If I knew her I would invite her to the party = Were I to know her c, Câu điều kiện loại :  If clause = Had+S+PII If my parents hadn't encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam = Had my parents not encouraged me Hình thức đảo ngữ với trạng ngữ phủ định: With negative adverbs (trạng ngữ phủ định): Ta mang Trạng ngữ phủ định đầu câu hoán chuyển động từ lên trước Chủ ngữ (never, hardly, no sooner, little, no longer, in no time, not only, rarely, seldom, nowhere, not until, ) Eg: He didn’t say a word > Not a word did he say We rarely go to cinema > Rarely we go to cinema * Đôi dùng nor, never thay cho not văn viết làm câu văn nhẹ nhàng Eg: Nor was that all * Đảo ngữ với trạng từ phủ định: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly ever,  Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever+ auxiliary+ S+ V Never in mid-summer does it snow Hardly ever does he speak in the public Hình thức đảo ngữ miêu tả hành động xảy sát sau lúc  No sooner than  Not until that  Scarely when  Hardly when Cấu trúc thg dùng với khứ hoàn thành:  + had + S + PII + S + Ved Eg: No sooner had I gone out than it began to rain Scarely had she returned her hometown when she found out the truth of her father’s death Hardly had he finished English Communication Course when he recognized how important English was for his life, job and prospective future = Not until had… that… * Đảo ngữ với Until/ till+ clause/ adv of time+ auxiliary+ S+ V Eg: I won't come home till 10 o'clock = Not until/ Till o'clock that I will come home = It is not until 10 o'clock that I will come home I didn't know that I had lost my key till I got home = Not until/ Till I got home did I know that I had lost my key Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ cách thức (With adverbs of manner):  Form: Phó từ + trợ động từ + S + V Eg: Beautifully did she sing Excellently have they finished the assignment Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ thời gian (With adverbs of time): Eg: Very often have we tried to it Twice a week they travel out to Ho Chi Minh city to meet foreign partners to sign contracts Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ nơi chốn: (With adverbs of place):  Thường đặt phó từ lên trước + V + S Eg: On the table stood a man Here comes the winter There will take a place a big storm and heavy rain Hình thức đảo ngữ với with now, thus, then, here, there: đc hoán chuyển chủ ngữ danh từ, ko hoán chuyển chủ ngữ đại từ Eg: There comes the bus = There it comes Now comes your turn = Now your turn comes Hình thức đảo ngữ với : With/ only/ under/at/when/in: Eg: You can get success only under that condition Only under that condition can u get success You should not call the police under any case/ circumstance Under any case/ circumstance should you not call the police Under no cases/ circumstances should you call the police Ngoài ra: Lưu ý với:  On no account + Vaux + S V : Khơng lí Eg: You Should never be late for the exam => On no account should you be late for the Exam 10 Hình thức đảo ngữ với so that, such that: Eg: So beautiful is she that I love her So dark is it that I can't write So busy am I that I don't have time to look after myself So difficult was the exam that few student pass it So attractive is she that many boys run after her Such a clever boy is he that he can this exercise easily 11 Hình thức đảo ngữ với NO NOT  No+ N + auxiliary+S+Verb(inf)  Not any+ N+ auxiliary+ S+ verb(inf) Eg: No money shall I lend you from now on, = Not any money shall I lend you from now on 12 Hình thức đảo ngữ với ONLY Only one/once Only later Only in this way Only in that way Only then + auxiliary+ S+ V Only after+ N Only by V_ing / N Only when + clause Only with + N Only if+ clause Only in adv of time/ place Eg: Only one time did I meet her Only after all guest had gone home could we relax Only when I understand her did I like her Only by practicing E every day can you speak it fluently 13 Hình thức đảo ngữ với cụm từ có No At no time On no condition On no account + auxiliary+ S+ N Under/ in no circumstances For no searson In no way No longer Eg: For no reason shall you play truant The money is not to be paid under any circumstances = Under no circumstances is the money to be paid On no condition shall we accept their proposal 14 Hình thức đảo ngữ với Not only but also  Not only + auxiliary + S + V but also Not only is he good at Eng but he also draw very well Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly 15 Hình thức đảo ngữ với No where  No where + Au+ S+V Eg: No where in the VN is the cenery as beautiful as that in my country No where I feel as comfortable as I at home No where can you buy the goods as good as those in my country 16 Hình thức đảo ngữ Nhấn mạnh tính từ: Trong TA đảo tính từ, cụm tính ngữ làm C (bổ ngữ) “to be” trước để nhấn mạnh, đồng thời đảo “to be” trước S (chủ ngữ) Eg: The probem is difficult ==> Difficult is the problem The flies are on the book ==> On the book are the flies Note: cụm “on the book” xem “cụm tính ngữ" 17 Hình thức đảo ngữ Nhấn mạnh động từ Trong TA nhấn mạnh động từ đơn khứ đơn cách thêm trợ động từ “to do” dạng tương ứng Eg: I stayed at home yesterday I did stay at home yesterday I hope to see you soonest in the coming time I hope to see you soonest in the coming time 18 NGữ PHÁP] CẤU TRÚC VỚI " NO MATTER" No matter + who/what/which/where/when/how + subject + verb in present : dù có No matter how= however: dù tn No matter what = whatever: dù No matter where = wherever: No matter when = whenever: No matter which = whichever: No matter who = whoever: EX: No matter what you say, I won't believe you ( Dù bạn có nói nữa, tơi khơng tin bạn ) Cấu trúc đứng cuối câu mà khơng có mệnh đề theo sau: I will always love you, no matter what Ngồi ra, " đơi khi" có cấu trúc how No matter how (however) + adj + S +V , clause EXERCISES They had seldom participated in such a fascinating club - Seldom He will not be offered the job under any circumstances -Under no circumstances If he comes there by car, he may get troubles -Should He was so sad to fail the exam that he didn’t want to go out -So If only they had phoned me, I could have come Had When he entered the house, the police arrested him Hardly She has rarely traveled more than fifty miles from her village -Rarely You must on no account lift heavy weights like that again -On no account There are no temples like these anywhere else -Nowhere else 10 When he went out, it started raining -No sooner 11 He finished reading “The thorn bird”, and started reading “Gone with the wind” -Hardly 12 It is not worth considering his suggestion for a moment -Not for a moment 13 If you had given it in on time, you would have got a high mark -Had 14 He tries hard but gets nowhere -However 15 I was never shown how to operate the machinery -At no time 10 16 John didn’t celebrate until he received the offer of promotion in writing -Not until 17 I have never seen such a mess in my life -Never in 18 It was only when I left home that I realized how much my mother meant to me -Not until 19 The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard everyday -Only by 20 They had to wait for 12 hours before the flight left -Only after 21 I didn’t realize who he was until later -Only later 22 He never suspected that the money had been stolen -Never 23.I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later - Only when 24 You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs John -Nowhere 25 I tried as hard as I could, but I just couldn’t get the money No matter 26 You can buy this book only in this shop - Only in 27 My teacher is no longer teaching in this school - No longer 28 She has never seen such a beautiful sight - Never 29 I got no help from him - No help 30 You should not travel alone under any circumstances 11 -Under 31 I know little about computers - Little Rewrite these sentences, using RARELY, SELDOM or LITTLE 1.One rarely find good service these days 2.She has rarely traveled more than fifty miles from her village 3.It is very unusual for a military campaign to have been fought with so little loss of Life It is unusual for the interior of the island to be visited by tourists 5.Public borrowing has seldom been so high 6.They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony 7.They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success 8.The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent 9.She didn’t realized what would happen to her next 10.I didn’t think that one day I’d be appearing in films rather then just watching them III Rewrite these sentences, using IN, AT , UNDER, or ON Keith certainly can’t be held responsible for the accident The children themselves are not in any way to blame for the disaster 3.The existence of extraterrestrial is not confirmed by the report Iwas never shown how to operate the machinery Henever suspected that she was a witch There has never been a time when the English language was not in a state of change Miss Weaver will not be offered the job under any circumstances You should not send money to us by post under any circumstances 9.We can’t exchange tickets in any circumstances 12 10.I won’t go out that way to visit him again on my account! IV Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT He is my friend as well as yours He booked tickets for the afternoon performance and the evening performance as well Burglars stole a thousand pounds’ worth of electrical goods, and left the flat in an awful mess Tony was not only late, but he had left all his books behind You will enhance your posture and improve your acting ability on this course It isn’t worth considering his suggestion for a moment She didn’t shed a tear when the story ended in tragedy The manager not once offered us an apology She made no sound as she crept upstairs 10.He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired V Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with ONLY I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left I didn’t realize who he was until later The door could not be opened without using force I won’t agree until Tom’s apologized To get the 40% discount, you must buy all twelve books at the same time 13 10.The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day VI Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD If the Government were forced into another election, it would be the favourite to win If you should wish to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is available between 9.00 and 11.00 If you should have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice If you should decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on st April If we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately If you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order form If the film should be a post office success, they may be sequel If you should change your mind, there will always be a job for you here VII Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with WERE OR HAD If the chemical were to leak, a large area of the sea would be contaminated If Germany were to beat Romania, they would face Italy in the final If Mr Morgan were still head master, he would not permit such bad behavior If you had given it on time, you would have got a high mark If she had become a lawyer, as her parents wished, she would have earn a large salary If anything has gone wrong with my plan, I would have held responsibility 7.If it hadn’t been for Henry,I might not have met you If only they had confirmed by phone, the airline could have warned them The coast guards could have saved the vessels if they had been notified 14 10 If his solicitor hadn’t advised him, he would have made a serious mistake VIII Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it He spent all his money He even borrowed some from me Not only _ He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang No sooner _ I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back Hardly _ He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang Not until We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months Only _ I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you Never A sleeping dog was lying under the table Under the table _ His brother had rarely been more excited Rarely _ 15 ... đảo ngữ với NO NOT  No+ N + auxiliary+S+Verb(inf)  Not any+ N+ auxiliary+ S+ verb(inf) Eg: No money shall I lend you from now on, = Not any money shall I lend you from now on 12 Hình thức đảo. .. thức đảo ngữ với ONLY Only one/once Only later Only in this way Only in that way Only then + auxiliary+ S+ V Only after+ N Only by V_ing / N Only when + clause Only with + N Only if+ clause Only... public Hình thức đảo ngữ miêu tả hành động xảy sát sau lúc  No sooner than  Not until that  Scarely when  Hardly when Cấu trúc thg dùng với khứ hoàn thành:  + had + S + PII + S + Ved Eg: No