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people old enough to vote ĐỀ 1 – BỘ 1 – GV NGUYỄN PHƯƠNG- Hoc24h Exercise 3: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct an

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of air pollutants has lengthened In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities

However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area

Question 1 What does the passage mainly discuss?

A The economic impact of air pollution

B What constitutes an air pollutant

C How much harm air pollutants can cause

D The effects of compounds added to the atmosphere

Question 3 The word "adversely" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _

A negatively B quickly C admittedly D considerably

Question 3 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that

A water vapor is an air pollutant in localized areas

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B most air pollutants today can be seen or smelled

C the definition of air pollution will continue to change

D a substance becomes an air pollutant only in cities

Question 4 The word “These” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _

A The various chemical reactions

B.The pollutants from the developing Earth

C.The compounds moved to the water or soil 6

D The components in biogeochemical cycles

Question 5 According to the passage, human-generated air pollution in localized regions _

A can be dwarfed by nature’s output of pollutants

B can overwhelm the natural system that removes pollutants

C will damage areas outside of the localized regions

D will react harmfully with natural pollutants

(ĐỀ 1 – BỘ 1 – GV NGUYỄN PHƯƠNG- Hoc24h)

Exercise 2:Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to

indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded annually and the first woman to win this prize was Baroness Bertha Felicie Sophie von Suttner in 1905 In fact, her work inspired creation of the Prize The first American woman to win the prize was Jane Addams, in 1931 However, Addams is best known as the founder of Hull House

Jane Addams was born in 1860, into a wealthy family She was one of a small number of women

in her generation to graduate from college Her commitment to improving the lives of those around her

led her to work for social reform and world peace In the 1880s Jane Addams travelled to Europe While she was in London, she visited a “settlement house” called Toynbee Hall Inspired by Toynbee Hall, Addams and her friends, Ellen Gates Starr, opened Hull House in a neighborhood of slums in Chicago in

1899 Hull House provided a day care center for children of working mothers, a community kitchen, and visiting nurses Addams and her staff gave classes in English literacy, art and other subjects Hull House also became a meeting place for clubs and labor unions Most of the people who worked with Addams in

Hull House were well educated, middle-class women Hull House gave them an opportunity to use their

education and it provided a training ground for careers in social work

Before World War I, Addams was probably the most beloved woman in America In a newspaper

poll that asked, “Who among our contemporaries are of the most value to the community?” Jane

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Addams was rated second, after Thomas Edison When she opposed America’s involvement in World War I, however, newspaper editors called her a traitor and a fool, but she never changed her mind Jane Addams was a strong champion of several other causes Until 1920, American women could not vote Addams joined in the movement for women’s suffrage and was a 7 vice president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association She was a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and was president of the Women’s International League for

Peace and Freedom Her reputation was gradually restored during the last years of her life She died of

cancer in 1935

Question 6 With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?

A The first award of the Nobel Peace Prize to an American woman

B A woman's work for social reform and world peace

C The early development of Social Work in America

D Contributions of educated women to American society

Question 7 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A The work of Baroness Bertha Felicie Sophie von Suttner was an inspiration to Jane Addams

B Jane Addarns is most famous for her opening of Hull House

C Those who lived near Hull House had very poor literacy skills

D Jane Addams considered herself as a citizen of the world rather than of one particular country Question 8 The word “commitment” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _

A involvement B obligation C dedication D enthusiasm

Question 9 Jane Addams was inspired to open Hull House because

A it gave educated women an opportunity to use their education for carvers in social work

B she traveled to Europe in the 1880s

C she visited Toynbee Hall

D.she was invited by a “settlement house” in Chicago

Question 10 The word “their” in the second paragraph refers to _

A children of working mothers B middle-class women

Question 11 According to the passage, Jane Addams’ reputation was damaged when she _

A allowed Hull House to become a meeting place for clubs and labor unions

B joined in the movement for women's suffrage

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C became a founding member of the NAACP

D opposed America’s involvem ent in World War I

Question 12 According to the passage, all of the following statements about Jane Addams are true

EXCEPT _

A She was the first woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize

B She was born into a wealthy family

C She objected to America’s participation in the First World War

D She was considered as a feminist

Question 13 In paragraph three, the word “contemporaries” is closest in meaning to _

A people of the same time B famous people still alive

C elected officials D people old enough to vote

Exercise 3: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

THE IMPORTANCE OF FIRST IMPRESSIONS

We have all heard the expression, “you can’t judge a book by its cover.” However, it seems that is

exactly what most people do The human brain seems to be wired in such a way that we make very

Many people feel that a first impression is extremely important Once those people form an idea of

you, it is often difficult for them to get beyond it If someone feels that you are something you really

aren’t because of your first impression, then that is obviously not a good thing

Yet many people really do still rely deeply on first impressions One good example is the job interview We dress nicely for job interviews for a very good reason: to make a good first impression In addition to our outward appearance, many people tend to put on something of an act By being extremely

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polite and showing interest, we feel that we will make a good first impression and have a better chance getting the job

Is this the way things should be? Probably not Will this situation ever change? The answer to that question is the same - probably not It is just human nature to rely on a first impression Everyone knows that they do it and most people know that it's not the right thing to do

Question 14: What is the passage mainly about?

A the first impression has a great effect on people

B how people form first impression

C how to judge a book

D the first impression give people a better job

Question 15: The phrase “to be wired" in paragraph 1 means _

A to be connected B to be changed C to be charged D to be installed

Question 16: According to the article, once people form an opinion of you, it is

A changed automatically B impossible to modify it

C easy to modify it D difficult to modify it

Question 17: The word “it” in paragraph 3 means _

A a good feeling B a first impression C an influence D an idea of you

Question 18: The author thinks that people will continue to rely on first impressions because _

A people refuse to change B people like to deceive other people

C it’s human nature D it’s easy to change them

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of speakers but not accepted as appropriate formal usage by the majority Colloquial expressions and

even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than writing

Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech Some slang also passes into standard speech,

but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories

Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events

It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the

society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population

Finally, it is worth noting that the terms “standard”, “colloquial”, and “slang” exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will

be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use three types of expressions

Question 19: Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?

A Standard speech B Different types of vocabulary

C Idiomatic phrases D Dictionary usage

Question 20: How is slang defined by the author?

A Words and phrases accepted by the majority of formal usage

B Words or phrases understood by the majority but not found in standard dictionaries

C Words or phrases that are understood by a restricted group of speakers

D Words or phrases understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as formal usage Question 21: The word "appropriate" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

A old B large C correct D important

Question 22: The word "obscurity" in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by

A disappearance B influence C qualification D tolerance

Question 23: The word “them” in paragraph 3 refers to

A words B slang phrases C memories D the majority

Question 24: Which of the following is TRUE of standard usage?

A It can be used in formal or informal settings B It is limited to written language

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C It is only understood by the upper classes D It is constantly changing.

Question 25: The author mentions all of the following as requirements for slang expressions to be created

EXCEPT

A new situations B a new generation

C interaction among diverse groups D a number of linguists

Question 26: It can be inferred from the passage that the author _

A does not approve of either slang or colloquial speech in any situation

B approves of colloquial speech in some situations, but not slang

C approves of slang or colloquial speech in appropriate situations

D does not approve of colloquial usage in writing

ENDANGERED SPECIES

There are three valid arguments to support the preservation of endangered species An aesthetic justification contends that biodiversity contributes to the quality of life because many of the endangered plants and animals are particularly appreciated for their unique physical beauty The aesthetic role of nature in all its diverse forms is reflected in the art and literature of every culture, attaining symbolic status in the spiritual life of many groups According to the proponents of the aesthetic argument, people need nature in all its diverse and beautiful forms as part of the experience of the world

Another argument that has been put forward, especially by groups in the medical and pharmacological fields, is that of ecological self-interest By preserving all species, we retain a balance of nature that is ultimately beneficial to humankind Recent research on global ecosystems has been cited as evidence that every species contributes important or even essential functions that may be necessary to the survival of our own species Some advocates of the ecological argument contend that important chemical compounds derived from rare plants may contain the key to a cure for one of the diseases currently threatening human beings If we do not protect other species, then they cannot protect us

Apart from human advantage in both the aesthetic and ecological arguments, the proponents of a moral justification contend that all species have the right to exist, a viewpoint stated in the United Nations World Charter for nature, created in 1982 Furthermore, if humankind views itself as the stewards of all the creatures on Earth, then it is incumbent upon human beings to protect them, and to ensure the

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continued existence of all species Moral justification has been extended by a movement called “deep ecology,” the members of which rank the biosphere higher than people because the continuation of life depends on this larger perspective To carry their argument to its logical conclusion, all choices must be made for the biosphere, not for people

Question 27 Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?

A The beauty of the world B The quality of life

C The preservation of species D The balance of nature

Question 28 Which of the arguments supports animal rights?

A Aesthetic justification B Ecological argument

C Self-interest argument D Moral justification

Question 29 The word “perspective” in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by

A ideal B event C truth D view

Question 30 The word “them” in paragraph 3 refers to _

A humankind B stewards C creatures D human beings Question 31 The author mentions all of the following as justifications for the protection of endangered

species EXCEPT _

A the natural compounds needed for medicines

B the intrinsic value of the beauty of nature

C the control of pollution in the biosphere

D the right to life implied by their existence

Choosing a career may not be one of the hardest jobs you ever have, and it must be done with care View career as an opportunity to do something you love, not simply as a way to earn a living Investing the time and effort to thoroughly explore your options can mean the difference between finding

a stimulating and rewarding career and move from job to unsatisfying job in an attempt to find the right one Work influences virtually every aspect of your life, from your choice of friends to where you live Here are just a few of the factors to consider

Deciding what matters most to you is essential to making the right decision You may want to begin by assessing your likes, dislikes, strengths, and weaknesses Think about the classes, hobbies, and surroundings that you find most appealing Ask yourself questions, such as “Would you like to travel? Do

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you want to work with children? Are you more suited to solitary or cooperative work?” There are no right

or wrong answers; only you know what is important to you Determine which job features you require,

which ones you would prefer, and which ones you cannot accept Then rank them in order of importance

to you

The setting of the job is one factor to take into account You may not want to sit at a desk all day

If not, there are diversity occupation – building inspector, supervisor, real estate agent – that involve a great deal of time away from the office Geographical location may be a concern, and employment in some fields is concentrated in certain regions For example aerospace job in the U.S are most plentiful in California, Texas, and Washington Advertising jobs can generally be found only in large cities On the other hand, many industries such as hospitality, law, education, and retail sales are found in all regions of the country

Consider your financial goals If a high salary is important to you, do not judge a career by its starting Many jobs, such as insurance sales, offers relatively low starting salaries; however, pay substantially increases along with your experience, additional training, promotions and commission

Don’t rule out any occupation without learning more about it Some industries evoke positive or negative associations: The traveling life of a flight attendant appears glamorous, while that of a plumber does not Remember that many jobs are not what they appear to be at first, and may have merits or demerits that are less obvious Flight attendants must work long, grueling hours without sleeps, whereas plumbers can be as highly paid as some doctors Another point to consider is that as you get mature, you will likely to develop new interests and skills that may point the way to new opportunities The choice you make today need not be your final one

Question 32 Which of the following best serves as the title for the passage?

A Choosing a career B Making the right decision

C Start-up D Careers in business

Question 33 The word “assessing” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by

A measuring B disposing C considering D discovering

Question 34 The word “them” in paragraph 2 refers to _

A jobs B questions C answers D features

Question 35 According to the passage, which of the following is true ?

A If you want an easy and glamorous lifestyle, you should consider becoming flight attendant

B If you want to make a lot of money, you should not take a job with a low starting salary

C If you want to make a lot of money, you should rule out all factory jobs

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D Your initial view of certain careers may not be accurate

Question 36 It can be inferred from the paragraph 4 that

A jobs in insurance sales are generally not well-paid

B insurance sales people can earn high salary later in their careers

C a starting salary should be an important consideration in choosing a career

D people should constantly work toward the next promotion

Question 37 In paragraph 5, the author suggests that

A you will be at your job for a lifetime, so choose carefully

B you may want to change careers at some time in the future

C you will probably be jobless at some time in the future

D as you get older, your career will probably be less fulfilling

Question 38 The word “evoke” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to

A bring to mind B agree on C be different from D be related to

Question 39 Why does the author mention long, grueling hours without sleeps in paragraph 5?

A To contrast the reality of a flight attendant’s job with most people’s perception

B To discourage readers from choosing a career as a flight attendant

C To show that people must work hard for the career they have chosen

D To emphasize the difficulty of working as a plumber

Marriage nowadays is a choice people make on their own, but this has not always been the case in society Thousands of years ago, the average lifespan was shorter than it is today A man usually lived until he was about 40 years old, while women died even sooner because of childbirth There were many wars and illnesses, and people had to protect themselves by having more children while they were still young The parents lived through their children

Marriage was not so much a romantic love story but a business transaction, or deal Most marriages were arranged between parents while their children were still very young It was the custom that the fathers made the decision on whom their children were going to marry The mothers had little say

in it since they rarely made any decisions outside the household The fathers would meet to arrange the wedding date and the money given for the bride on her wedding date The more money and land a girl had, the more chances she had to marry well Therefore, it was important that her father choose the

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bridegroom very well Usually, it was someone who came from a good family or who was rich too It was very unlikely that people married outside their social class A few well-off and rich merchants got to marry poorer noblewomen and became King’s business advisors In a way, poor peasants had an easier choice as it was less important whom they married

The practice of arranged marriage is still common in some countries in the Middle East, such as India or Pakistan Here, social classes are still strongly divided and very well-kept Often, however, arranged marriages are a sign that people do not want to let go of the past, which gives them comfort and security in an ever- changing world

(Adapted from Longman Essence Reading, Vol 2)

Question 40: What does the passage mainly discuss?

A Marriage as a business transaction today

B Mothers' roles in their children's marriage

C Marriage practices in modern society

D The practice of arranged marriage

Question 41: The author mentions all of the following in the passage EXCEPT

A People tended to marry outside their social class

B Men made almost all decisions inside the family

C Marriage used to be a deal between two families

D The wedding date was decided by the fathers

Question 42: The word "it" in paragraph I refers to

A marriage B a choice C society D the average lifespan

Question 43: According to paragraph 2, richer girls were more likely to _

C succeed in business D marry peasants

Question 44: The phrase “let go of” in paragraph 3 mostly means _

(ĐỀ 4– BỘ 1 – GV NGUYỄN PHƯƠNG- Hoc24h)

New surveys suggest that the technological tools we use to make our lives easier are killing our leisure time We are working longer hours, taking fewer and shorter vacations (and when we do go away,

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we take our cell phones, PDAs, and laptops along) And, we are more stressed than ever as increased use

of e-mail, voice mail, cell phones, and the Internet is destroying any idea of privacy and leisure

Since the Industrial Revolution, people have assumed that new labor-saving devices would free them from the burdens of the workplace and give them more time to grow intellectually, creatively, and socially - exploring the arts, keeping up with current events, spending more time with friends and family, and even just ‘goofing off’

But here we are at the start of the 21st century, enjoying one of the greatest technological boom times in human history, and nothing could be further from the truth The very tools that were supposed to liberate us have bound us to our work and study in ways that were inconceivable just a few years ago It would seem that technology almost never does what we expect

In ‘the old days’, the lines between work and leisure time were markedly clearer People left their offices at a predictable time, were often completely disconnected from and out of touch with their jobs as they traveled to and from work, and were off-duty once they were home That is no longer true In today's highly competitive job market, employers demand increased productivity, expecting workers to put in longer hours and to keep in touch almost constantly via fax, cell phones, e-mail, or other communications devices As a result, employees feel the need to check in on what is going on at the office, even on days off They feel pressured to work after hours just to catch up on everything they have to do Workers work harder and longer, change their work tasks more frequently, and have more and more reasons to worry about job security

Bosses, colleagues, family members, lovers, and friends expect instant responses to voice mail and email messages Even college students have become bound to their desks by an environment in which faculty, friends, and other members of the college community increasingly do their work online Studies

of time spent on instant messaging services would probably show staggering use

This is not what technology was supposed to be doing for us New technologies from genetic research to the Internet, offer all sorts of benefits and opportunities But, when new tools make life more difficult and stressful rather than easier and more meaningful - and we are, as a society, barely conscious

of it - then something has gone seriously awry, both with our expectations for technology and our understanding of how it should benefit us

Question 45: Which of the following could best serve as the title of the passage?

A Changes at the Workplace B Benefits of Technology

C Research on the Roles of Computers D Expectations and Plain Reality

Question 46: Which of the following is NOT true about technological tools, according to new surveys?

A They bring more leisure to our life B They make our lives more stressful

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C They are being increasingly used D They are used even during vacations

Question 47: According to the first three paragraphs, technological tools that were designed to make our

lives easier

A have turned out to do us more harm than good

B have not interfered with our privacy

C have fully met our expectations

D have brought us complete happiness

Question 48: The word "inconceivable" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A predictable B foreseeable C unforgettable D unimaginable

Question 49: It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that

A employees have more freedom to decide what time they start and finish work

B it is compulsory that employees go to the office, even on days off

C employers are more demanding and have efficient means to monitor employees

D life is more relaxing with cell phones and other technological devices

Question 50: The word "They" in the fourth paragraph refers to

A workers B employers C employees D tasks

Question 51: Which of the following could be the main idea of the fifth paragraph?

A New technological applications are wise entertainment choices of our modern time

B The coming of new technological advances has spoiled family and social relationships

C New technological advances have added more stress to daily life

D New technological advances have reduced work performance

Question 52: This passage has probably been taken from

C a political journal D a fashion magazine

William Sydney Porter (1862-1910), who wrote under the pseudonym of O Henry, was born in North Carolina His only formal education was to attend his Aunt Lina’s school until the age of fifteen, where he developed his lifelong love of books By 1881 he was a licensed pharmacist However, within a

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year, on the recommendation of a medical colleague of his Father’s, Porter moved to La Salle County in

Texas for two years herding sheep During this time, Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary was his constant

companion, and Porter gained a knowledge of ranch life that he later incorporated into many of his short stories He then moved to Austin for three years, and during this time the first recorded use of his pseudonym appeared, allegedly derived from his habit of calling “Oh, Henry” to a family cat In 1887, Porter married Athol Estes He worked as a draftsman, then as a bank teller for the First Nation Bank

In 1894 Porter founded his own humor weekly, the “Rolling Stone”, a venture that failed within a

year, and later wrote a column for the Houston Daily Post In the meantime, the First National Bank was examined, and the subsequent indictment of 1886 stated that Porter had embezzled funds Porter then fled

to New Orleans, and later to Honduras, leaving his wife and child in Austin He returned in 1897 because

of his wife’s continued ill-health, however, she died six months later Then, in 1898 Porter was found guilty and sentenced to five years imprisonment in Ohio At the age of thirty- five, he entered prison as a defeated man; he had lost his job, his home, his wife, and finally his freedom He emerged from prison three years later, reborn as O Henry, the pseudonym he now used to hide his true identity He wrote at least twelve stories in jail, and after regaining his freedom, went to New York City, where he published more than 300 stories and gained fame as America’s favorite short story writer Porter married again in

1907, but after months of poor health, he died in New York City at the age of forty-eight in 1910 O Henry’s stories have been translated all over the world

Question 53: Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?

A a tragic story of a gifted writer

B the career of a famous American

C the fame of America’s favorite short story writer

D the influences on O Henry’s writing

Question 54: Porter lost all of the following when he went to prison EXCEPT his

Question55: The word "his" in paragraph 1 refers to .A William Sydney Porter

B Porter’s father

Question 56: The word “venture” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _

A challenging experiment B bold initiative

C speculative action D sorry experience

Question 57: Which of the following is true, according to the passage?

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A both of Porter’s wives died before he died

B Porter left school at 15 to become a pharmacist

C Porter wrote a column for the Houston Daily Post called “Rolling Stone”

D the first recorded use of his pseudonym was in Austin

Exercise 10:Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

The advent of the Internet may be one of the most important technological developments in recent years Never before have so many people had access to so many different sources of information For all

of the Internet’s advantages, however, people are currently becoming aware of some of its drawbacks and are looking for creative solutions Among the current problems, which include a general lack of reliability and numerous security concerns, the most crucial is speed

First of all, the Internet has grown very quickly In 1990, only a few academics had ever heard of the Internet In 1996, over 50 million people used it Every year, the number of people with access to the Internet doubles The rapid growth has been a problem The computer systems which run the Internet have not been able to keep up with the demand Also, sometimes a request for information must pass through many routing computers before the information can be obtained A request for information made

in Paris might have to go through computers in New York, Los Angeles and Tokyo in order to obtain the

required information Consequently, service is often slow and unpredictable Service also tends to be worse when the Internet is busiest - during the business day of the Western Hemisphere - which is also when companies need its service the most

Some people are trying to harness the power of networked computers in such a way as to avoid this problem In 1995, a group of American universities banded together to form what has come to be

known as Internet II Internet II is a smaller, more specialized system intended for academic use Since it

is more specialized, fewer users are allowed access Consequently, the time required to receive information has decreased

Businesses are beginning to explore a possible analogue to the Internet II Many businesses are

creating their own “Intranets” These are systems that can only be used by the members of the same company In theory, fewer users should translate into a faster system Intranets are very useful for large national and international companies whose branches need to share information Another benefit of an Intranet is an increased amount of security Since only company employees have access to the information on the Intranet, their information is protected from competitors While there is little doubt

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that the Internet will eventually be a fast a reliable service, industry and the academic community have taken their own steps toward making more practical global networks

Question 58: Which of the following best serves as the title for the passage?

A Security concerns of the Internet B Internet’s current problems

C The development of the Internet D The disadvantages of the Internet

Question 59: According to passage 1, Internet

A tends to be unreliable B has created a sense of financial security

C is too expensive to access D has become increasingly less popular Question 60: The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to _

use

Question 61: The word “obtain” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

Question 62: According to the passage, what benefits does Internet II have over the Internet?

A There is no governmental intervention regulating Internet II

B Small businesses pay higher premiums to access the Internet.

C Internet II contains more information than the Internet

D Internet II has fewer users and therefore is faster to access

Question 63: The word “analogue” in paragraph 4 most nearly means _

Question 64: According to the author, what is one reason why the Internet is sometimes slow?

A Phone lines are often too busy with phone calls and fax transmissions to handle Internet traffic

B Most people do not have computers that arc fast enough to take advantage of the Internet

C Often a request must travel through many computers before it reaches its final destination

D Scientists take up too much time on the Internet, thus slowing it down for everyone else

Question 65: According to the passage, which of the following statements was true in 1970?

A The Internet was a secure means to gain information

B The Internet experienced enormous growth rates

C Internet data proved to be impractical

D Few people were using the Internet

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Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person Milk, wheat, and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful and widely used foods Yet these foods can cause people sensitive to them

to suffer greatly At first, the body in treating their migraines with supplements of B- vitamins, particularly B6 of the individual is not harmed by coming into contact with the substance After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has begun to develop

Sometimes it’s hard to figure out if you have a food allergy since it can show up so many different ways

Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems You may have rashes, hives, joint pains

mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression The most common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months Breast milk also tends to be protective

Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenathylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium nitrate Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!) Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food

additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets A few of these are almonds,

green peppers, peaches, lea, grapes This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has written the book “Why your Child is Hyperactive” Other researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet is effective

Question 66: The topic of this passage is

A reaction to food B food and nutrition C infants and allergies D a good diet

Question 67: According to the passage, the difficulty in diagnosing allergies to food is due to _

A the vast number of different foods we eat

B the similarity of symptoms of the allergy to other problems

C lack of a proper treatment plan

D the use of prepared formula to feed babies

Question 68: The word “symptoms” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to

A indications B diet C diagnosis D prescriptions

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Question 69: The word “these” in the third paragraph refers to _

A food additives B food colorings C innutritious foods D foods high in salicylates Question 70: According to the article, the Feingold diet is NOT _

A available in book forms

B verified by researchers as being consistently effective

C beneficial for hyperactive children

D designed to eliminate foods containing certain food additives

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s As Carolyn Donnell Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, “The 1970s was the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of the woman entrepreneur” What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business

and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles Women are still excluded from most executive

suites Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, “In the 1970s women believed if they got

an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board Now they’ve found out that isn’t

going to happen, so they go out on their own” In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in

“women’s” fields: cosmetics and clothing, for example But this is changing Consider ASK Computer Systems, a $22-million-year computer software business It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriers-and her office was

a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the 6 company’s cash After she succeeded

with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computerscience graduates to develop additional programs When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do They still face hurdles

in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard Most businesses owned by women are still quite small But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzig in the years ahead

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Question 71: What is the main idea of this passage?

A Women today are better educated than in the past, making them more attractive to the business

world

B The computer is especially lucrative for women today

C Women are better at small business than men are

D Women today are opening more business of their own

Question 72: The word “excluded” in first paragraph is closest in meaning to _

A not permitted in: không được phép tham gia B often invited to: thường được mời đến

C decorators of: là người trang trí của D charged admission to: được chấp nhận vào Question 73: All of the following were mentioned in the passage as detriments to women in the business

world EXCEPT _

A Women were required to stay at home with their families

B Women lacked ability to work in business

C Women faced discrimination in business

D Women were not trained in business

Question 74: The word “that” in the first paragraph refers to _

A a woman becomes chairman of the board B women working hard

C women achieving advanced degrees D women believing that business is a place

for them

Question 75: According to the passage, Charlotte Taylor believes that women in 1970s

A were unrealistic about their opportunities in business management

B were still more interested in education than business opportunities

C had fewer obstacles in business than they do today

D were unable to work hard enough to succeed in business

Question 76: The author mentions the “shoebox under the bed” in the second paragraph in order to

A show the frugality of women in business

B show the resourcefulness of Sandra Kurtzig

C point out that initially the financial resources of Sandra Kurtzig's business were limited

D suggest that the company needed to expand

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Question 77: It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that businesses operated by

women are small because

A women prefer a small intimate setting B women can’t deal with money

C women are not able to borrow money easily D many women fail at large businesses Question 78: The author’s attitude about the future of women in business is

A skeptical B optimistic C frustrated D negative

The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents Near the end of this era, research studies demonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods

The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twentieth century and might be called “the vitamin period” Vitamins came to be recognized in foods, and deficiency syndromes were described As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might

be responsive to vitamin therapy At that point in time, medical schools started to become more interested

in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences Much of the focus of this education was on the recognition of vitamin deficiency symptoms Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine Reckless claims were made for effects of vitamins that went far beyond what could actually be achieved from the

use of them

In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950s to mid-1960s, vitamin therapy began to fall into disrepute Concomitant with this, nutrition education in medical schools also became less popular It

was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing and

were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions Expectations as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated As is known in retrospect, vitamin and mineral therapies

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are much less effective when applied to health-crisis conditions than when applied to long-term problems

of under nutrition that lead to chronic health problems

A The effects of vitamins on the human body

B The history of food preferences from the nineteenth century to the present

C The stages of development of clinical nutrition as a field of study.

D Nutritional practices of the nineteenth century

Question 80: It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following discoveries was made

during the first era in the history of nutrition?

A Protein was recognized as an essential component of diet

B Vitamins were synthesized from foods

C Effective techniques of weight loss were determined

D Certain foods were found to be harmful to good health

Question 81: The word “them” in the second paragraph refers to _

A therapies B claims C effects D vitamins

Question 82: Why did vitamin therapy begin losing favor in the 1950s?

A The public lost interest in vitamins

B Medical schools stopped teaching nutritional concepts

C Nutritional research was of poor quality

D Claims for the effectiveness of vitamin therapy were seen to be exaggerated

Question 83: The word “skyrocketing” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to

A internationally popular B increasing rapidly

C acceptable D surprising

Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech Signals, signs, symbols, and gestures may be found in every known culture The basic function of signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for

example, the dots and dashes of a telegraph circuit Coded to refer to speech, the potential for

communication is very great Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain meaning in and of themselves A stop sign or a barber pole conveys meaning quickly and conveniently Symbols are

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more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the

receiver's cultural perceptions In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval Gestures such as waving and handshaking also communicate certain cultural messages

Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they do have a major disadvantage They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver As a result, means of communication intended to be used for long distances and extended periods are based upon speech Radio, television, and the telephone are only a few

A Gestures B Signs and signals C Speech D Communication

Question 85: What does the author say about speech?

A It is dependent upon the advances made by inventors

B It is the most advanced form of communication

C It is necessary for communication to occur

D It is the only true form of communication

Question 86: Which of the following is NOT true?

A Signals, symbols, signs and gestures are found in every culture

B Signals, symbols, signs and gestures are very useful

C Signals, symbols, signs and gestures also have a certain disadvantage

D Signals, symbols, signs and gestures are used for long distance contact

Question 87: The word “it” in paragraph 1 refers to _

A way B environment C function D Signal

Question 88: The word “potential” in paragraph 1 could be replaced by

A advanced B.possibility C organization D Signal

Question 89: The word “intricate” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _

A inefficient B.complicated C historical D uncertain

Question 90: Why were the telephone, radio, and television invented?

A Because people were unable to understand signs, signals, and symbols

B Because people wanted to communicate across long distances

C Because people believed that signs, signals, and symbols were obsolete

D Because people wanted new forms of communication

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Question 91: It may be concluded from this passage that

A only some cultures have signs, signals, and symbols

B signs, signals, symbols, and gestures are forms of communication

C symbols are very easy to define and interrupt

D waving and handshaking are not related to culture

Ocean water plays an indispensable role in supporting life The great ocean basins hold about 300 million cubic miles of water From this vast amount, about 80,000 cubic miles of water are sucked into the atmosphere each year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean More

than 24,000 cubic miles of rain descend annually upon the continents This vast amount is required to

replenish the lakes and streams, springs and water tables on which all flora and fauna are dependent Thus, the hydrosphere permits organic existence

The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has properties unlike those of any other liquid One anomaly is that water upon freezing expands by about 9 percent, whereas most liquids contract on cooling For this reason, ice floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom If the ice sank, the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly, except for a thin layer of surface melt water during the summer season Thus, all aquatic life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and cold currents, which moderates climate, would be notably absent

Another outstanding characteristic of water is that water has a heat capacity which is the highest

of all liquids and solids except ammonia This characteristic enables the oceans to absorb and store vast quantities of heat, thereby often preventing climatic extremes In addition, water dissolves more substances than any other liquid It is this characteristic which helps make oceans a great storehouse for minerals which have been washed down from the continents In several areas of the world these minerals are being commercially exploited Solar evaporation of salt is widely practised, potash is extracted from the Dead Sea, and magnesium is produced from sea water along the American Gulf Coast

Question 92: The author’s main purpose in this passage is to _

A illustrate the importance of conserving water

B describe the properties and uses of water

C compare water with other liquids

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D explain how water is used in commerce and industry

Question 93: The phrase “this vast amount” in the first paragraph refers to

A 80,000 million cubic miles of water B 24,000 cubic miles of rain

C 80,000 cubic miles of water D 300 million cubic miles of water

Question 94: The word “outstanding” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _

Question 95: According to the passage, fish can survive in the oceans because

A evaporation and condensation create a water cycle

B there are currents in the oceans

C they do not need oxygen

D ice floats

Question 96: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of water?

A Water can absorb heat B Water is good solvent

C Water contracts on cooling D Water expands when it is frozen

The development of genetically modified (GM) plants and animals had led to a huge global controversy Opponents say that GM “Frankenfoods” are a threat to our well-being, and proponents say

that the risks are minimal There is one aspect of the war over GM that is often overlooked Anyone who

wears a cotton shirt these days is using a GM crop Cotton is the only major non-food GM crop at present, but others are coming

GM cotton plants that are not food have not stopped the most passionate GM opponents from objecting If GM cotton is grown in a field next to fields of non- GM cotton, they argue, then how to keep

genes from being transferred from field to field This danger, however, is not as compelling to the public

as possible health hazards in food, so there is no great fury over GM cotton

GM cotton seeds produce higher yields, and they do without the need for pesticides Planting of

GM cotton has increased fivefold since 1997; three-quarter of cotton in America, and over half in China,

is now GM Farmers like it because it increases their profits

Other options for non-food GM include new variety of flowers with different colors or scents, tougher grasses for lawns, and plants designed to soak up pollutants from the soil The paper industry

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provides another example of potential for GM to help produce better and cheaper products Paper is made from pulp, and pulp is generally made from trees Researchers in New Zealand and Chile have been working on insect-resistant pines, and a Japanese firm has combined carrot genes with tree genes to make them grow better in poor soil

Another interesting case is that of tobacco It is not food crop, but it is consumed, and GM tobacco

plants with both more and less nicotine have been created The tobacco plant, however, is an ideal target

for GM, since its genetics are very well understood and it produces a lot of leaves The value of the drugs that could be produced by GM tobacco is so high, many fanners could switch from growing tobacco for cigarettes to growing it for medicine Since medical cost is rising, consumers would also be happy to use drugs produced in bulk by GM tobacco

Question 97: What is the topic of the passage?

A Controversial GM products B The hazards of GM products

C Non-food GM products D GM cotton and tobacco

Question 98: Why does the author mention a cotton shirt in the first paragraph?

A to show that cotton is one of the most popular materials for clothing

B to give an example of a common GM product that is not a food

C to give an example of a controversy surrounding GM products

D to show that the risk of GM products are minimal

Question 99: The word “that” in the first paragraph refers to _

Question 100: The word “compelling” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to

A interesting B annoying C dangerous D obvious

Question 101: Which options for non-food GM is NOT mentioned in the passage?

Question 102: The word “ideal” in paragraph mostly means _

Question 103: According to the passage, why are researchers developing GM trees?

A to improve or make paper less expensive

B to produce more fruit

C to find a way to make paper without pulp

D to replace trees cut down for paper

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Question 104: It can be inferred from the passage that GM tobacco _

A is already in the market B produces drugs that are very expensive

C makes cigarettes harmless to smokers D can have lower or higher levels of nicotine (ĐỀ 8– BỘ 1 – GV NGUYỄN PHƯƠNG- Hoc24h)

Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech When there is a

language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for

letters, words, and ideas Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally, spelling, however, cannot

Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally A wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction

Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn, and instruct people While verbalization is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings

Question 105: What is the best title for the passage?

A The Importance of Sign Language B The Many Forms of Communication

C Ways of Expressing Feelings D Picturesque Symbols of Communication Question 106: The word “accomplished” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _

Question 107: The word “these” in the first paragraph refers to _

A tourists B the deaf and the mute

C thoughts and feelings D sign language motions

Question 108: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A There are many forms of communication in existence today

B Verbalization is the most common form of communication

C The deaf and mute can use an oral form of communication

D Ideas and thoughts can be transmitted by body language

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Question 109: People need to communicate in order to _

A create language barriers B keep from reading with their fingertips

C be picturesque and exact D express thoughts and feelings

Exercise 18:Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

In the USA, the UK and many other countries, a lot of babies were born in the “baby boom” of the late 1940s and 1950s; after that the birth-rate fell Baby boomers have now retired, or are approaching

retirement, and this is causing headaches for many organizations: there are not enough people to succeed their top managers when they retire

Does your organization have key staff who can’t easily be replaced? A CEO or financial director,

perhaps, or a technical expert with knowledge that nobody else in the organization has If your answer is

“yes”, what will happen when they retire, or leave for another company? Will you wait until the last moment before looking for someone to replace them? Or is your organization thinking about likely future changes now, as it should be, and making plans, so that there is likely to be someone ready to replace the person leaving? If the answer is that you are planning ahead, your organization is carrying out succession planning

Succession planning means looking inside the organization for “high-fliers” - current staff members with the potential to fill key positions - and planning the training, responsibilities and promotion they need, to

make them ready when a senior vacancy occurs - which may not be for several years The company

benefits by being able to make an internal promotion when a key person leaves, and in the meantime it benefits by developing the skills of its high-fliers and encouraging them to stay And the high-fliers benefit, because they achieve their full potential, a career is planned for them within the organization, and they can look forward to a senior post in time

The training program planned for the high-fliers will help them to develop the leadership skills they need for more senior roles, skills such as planning long-term strategies A career path is also planned, so that each high-flier moves into a number of different positions over a few years, to gain the experience and know ledge they need

Sometimes a staff member is chosen as a potential successor to a particular senior manager, but a better method is for organizations to select a number of high-fliers, and prepare them for a range of senior roles

An organization can’t be certain when a particular senior manager will leave Having a group of people being prepared fee top positions makes it easier to replace someone who leaves unexpectedly, and also means that there are other people available if a high-flier leaves the company

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A Succession planning is beneficial in many ways

B Encouraging high-flier to stay is a key to success

C There are typical strategies to improve skills for staff

D Making successful plans is extremely hard

Question 111: The word “succeed” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A achieve B question C replace D reply

Question 112: According to the 2nd paragraph, which of the following is NOT stated about key staff?

A A CEO B a financial director C a technical expert D a baby boomer Question 113: According to the passage, succession planning is the planning of

A what should be prepared for the recruitment of new staff

B who will be ready for a senior post when someone leaves

C how to make an organization more successful

D what changes should be made to an organization

Question 114: What does the word “them” in the 3rd paragraph refer to?

A high-fliers B key positions C responsibilities D organizations

Question 115: Which of the following can best replace the word “senior” the passage?

A junior B top ranking C older D low-paid

Question 116: All of the following are mentioned as benefits of succession planning EXCEPT _

A the promotion of a staff member B the improvement of important skill

C the potential for higher salaries D the chance for more experience

Question 117: What can be inferred from the passage?

A Big companies always have only one staff member for an available top position

B All organizations hold training programs for newly appointed people

C Succession planning helps improve the relationship among staff in a company

D An unusually great number of children were born during a decade of mid - twentieth century (ĐỀ 9– BỘ 1 – GV NGUYỄN PHƯƠNG- Hoc24h)

The Great Energy Debate

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Modern civilization is heavily dependent on energy Without reliable power sources, e coulnt operate machines, use transportation, communicate via Internet, or do many other things Although everyone recognizes the importance of energy, deciding what kind of energy the world should use in the future is not a simple task The two leading candidates for this role are green energy and nuclear energy

Currently, most of the energy we use is derived from fossil fuels Although this energy source has got us this far, there are several problems with it For starters, it is a finite resource which is quickly running out Some analysts have even estimated that the Earth could run out of coal and oil within the next 50 years Burning fossil fuels also creates large amount of pollution, which is harmful to the environment Although fossil fuels still provide the majority of our power, governments are seeking better energy sources to use going forward

Green energy is one option that is becoming increasingly attractive It includes technologies such as solar,

wind, and hydro power These are seen as clean sources of energy because they cause very little

pollution In addition, they are completely renewable, so there is no danger that it will run out The major disadvantage with green energy sources is that they are not cheap

The other alternative is nuclear power Like green energy, it is also a renewable source of power that will not run out, and it also doesn’t produce air pollution In addition, nuclear power is more reliable than green energy, as it doesn’t depend on sunshine, rain, or wind to operate The major issues with nuclear power are safety concerns and nuclear waste Nuclear power plants create a considerable amount of nuclear waste which is extremely hazardous to people’s health I they happen to have a meltdown, this could destroy the surrounding area for years to come

The recent nuclear disaster in Fukushima, Japan brought this reality into the spotlight once again In

response, Germany announced it would close down eight of its nuclear plants immediately, and close the rest by 2022 Meanwhile, other nations refuse to give up on nuclear power, stating that these disasters are rare The debate of whether to use green or nuclear power will likely continue for some time In the end, it

is quite possible that both energy sources will be used to fuel our planet

Question 118: What is the focus of the passage?

A Why energy is important B The energy sources used in the past

C Comparing future energy solutions D Discussing how disasters affect power sources Question 119: What is the main problem with green energy?

A It creates lots of pollution B It costs more money than other solutions

C No one is interested in using it D It won’t work at all in many nations

Question 120: The word “these” in paragraph 3 refers to _

A generation of electricity B seeking greener energy

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C cheap energy D alternative energy

Question 121: What does the author think is the most likely energy solution for the future?

A A mix of different energy sources will be the answer

B Fossil fuels will continue to be the best choice

C Nuclear energy probably makes the most sense

D People will all eventually support green energy

Question 122: The work “spotlight” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to

A concern B attention C danger D area of light

Exercise 20:Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Becoming an Art Dealer

It is many peoples dream to become a world-famous artist Unfortunately, it can be extremely difficult to

make a living solely from selling your paintings or sculptures But don’t worry because there are other

jobs in the world of art that you can pursue One possible career option is to become an art dealer

An art dealer works on behalf of artists to help them sell works to museums and galleries around the world To be successful at this profession, it requires a well-rounded skill set For starters, it helps a lot if you love art and are knowledgeable about art history Having business skills will also be quite useful, as it will be necessary to negotiate with buyers, and help the artists you represent market their work If becoming an art dealer sounds appealing, there are several steps which you can follow Although you may have a love for a wide range of styles, you should start by choosing one category to focus on Buyers usually prefer to deal with a specialist in a particular area than someone who is a jack of all trades When selecting your focus, choose an area that you are passionate about instead of something that seems

lucrative Art trends come and go, so there is no use trying to predict what is hot These trends will

certainly change over the course of your career

Once you selected an area to focus on, start to contact some museums, galleries, and other companies in the art world and send them your resume The majority of art dealers begin their careers working as interns for these kinds of companies Although these interns may be paid little, or in some cases nothing

at all, the experience of learning how art businesses work will certainly serve you down the road

It pays to be flexible in the beginning, as the most important thing is to get your foot in the door Museums and galleries may offer you several positions including a sales assistant or a junior art

consultant Whichever job you accept, be sure to learn it well and give it your best In addition to your

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responsibilities, make sure your start to network with others in your industry As your knowledge and contacts begin to grow, more opportunities will be open to you

Question 123: What is the passage mainly about?

A Suggestions about how to get a job in the art world

B The best-selling paintings in modern times

C How to become a famous artist

D Some helpful art schools students should consider

Question 124: The work “sculpture” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to

A pictures B drawings C letters D carvings

Question 125: What does the passage suggest someone should have if they want to become an art dealer?

A A good attitude and a lot of money

B Excellent painting and drawing skills

C A love for art and a few business skills

D A lot of knowledge about art history and a college degree

Question 126: What is the third paragraph mainly about?

A Getting your first job in the art industry

B Ways to improve your own personal artwork

C A job that you can get once you have a lot of experience

D Ways to impress your boss when you start your career

Question 127: What could replace the work “lucrative” in paragraph 2?

A a bit unusual B very beautiful C extremely ancient D financially appealing Question 128: The work it in the last paragraph refers to _

A the beginning B job C art gallery D network

Question 129: The best quality of an art dealer to start the career may be _

A high qualifications B fame

C knowledge and contacts D love of arts

Question 130: Why does the author suggest it is important to make contact at work?

A They help you have more fun on the job

B They can assist you in advancing your career later

C They can help you get your foot in the door

D They will take care of most of your job responsibilities

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Tourism and Heritage Protection Travelling is a great thing to do It helps us learn about different people and different places Some people travel because they want to see nature Others travel because they want to make friends and try great food Of course, a lot of tourists are interested in traditional culture

Tourism can be very good for traditional cultures This is because when people travel to another country, they often want to learn more about that country’s traditions, such as music, food, and history

Therefore, the local people in that country will keep their traditional culture alive They will wear

traditional clothing, and sell traditional food They will also have shows for tourists These shows can be dances, concerts, plays, or something else

Tourism also helps people respect each other If you understand another culture well, you will probably respect that culture much more You will probably want to protect that culture as well However,

tourism is not always good for traditional culture Many people say that tourism creates “fake traditional

culture” This means that the local people wear traditional costumes, and do traditional dances only for tourists, but that is not their real lifestyle Their real lifestyles are similar to the tourists’ lifestyle They are just pretending because they want to make money

Question 131: What is the main point of the passage?

A Tourism is always good for traditional culture

B Tourism is always bad for traditional culture

C Tourism can be good and bad for traditional culture

D Tourists don’t care about traditional culture

Question132: Why do local people want tourism?

A Tourists bring money B Tourists help teach local people

C Tourists tell local people about business D Tourists destroy traditional culture

Question 133: What is one problem that tourists create?

A They hurt local people B They steal money from local people.

C They hurt local businesses D They interfere with local lifestyles

Question 134: The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to

A tourists B local people C tourist guides D dancers

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Question 135: The word “fake” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to

In the West, cartoons are used chiefly to make people laugh The important feature of all these cartoons is the joke and the element of surprise which is contained Even though it is very funny, a good cartoon is always based on close observation of a particular feature of life and usually has a serious purpose

Cartoons in the West have been associated with political and social matters for many years In wartime, for example, they proved to be an excellent way of spreading propaganda Nowadays cartoons are often used to make short, sharp comments on politics and governments as well as on a variety of social matters In this way, the modern cartoon has become a very powerful force in influencing people in Europe and the United States

Unlike most American and European cartoons, however, many Chinese cartoon drawings in the past have also attempted to educate people, especially those who could not read and write Such cartoons about the lives and sayings of great men in China have proved extremely useful in bringing education to illiterate and semiliterate people throughout China Confucius, Mencius and Laozi have all appeared in very interesting stories presented in the form of cartoons The cartoons themselves have thus served to illustrate the teachings of the Chinese sages in a very attractive way

In this sense, many Chinese cartoons are different from Western cartoons in so far as they do not

depend chiefly on telling jokes Often, there is nothing to laugh at when you see Chinese cartoons This is

not their primary aim In addition to commenting on serious political and social matters, Chinese cartoons have aimed at spreading the traditional Chinese thoughts and culture as widely as possible among the people

Today, however, Chinese cartoons have an added part to play in spreading knowledge They offer

a very attractive and useful way of reaching people throughout the world, regardless of the particular country in which they live Thus, through cartoons, the thoughts and teachings of the old Chinese philosophers and sages can now reach people who live in such countries as Britain, France, America, Japan, Malaysia or Australia and who are unfamiliar with the Chinese culture

Until recently, the transfer of knowledge and culture has been overwhelmingly from the West to the East and not vice versa By means of cartoons, however, publishing companies in Taiwan, Hong

Kong and Singapore are now having success in correcting this imbalance between the East and the West.

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Cartoons can overcome language barriers in all foreign countries The vast increase in the popularity of these cartoons serves to illustrate the truth of Confucius’s famous saying “One picture is worth a thousand words.”

Question 136: Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?

A Chinese Cartoons and Western Cartoons

B A Very Powerful Force in Influencing People

C An Excellent Way of Spreading Propaganda

D Cartoons as a Way of Educating People

Question 137: Which of the following clearly characterizes Western cartoons?

A Enjoyment, liveliness, and carefulness B Seriousness, propaganda, and attractiveness

C Humour, unexpectedness, and criticism D Originality, freshness, and astonishment

Question 138: The pronoun “this” in paragraph 4 mostly refers to

Question 139: The word “imbalance” in paragraph 6 refers to

A the mismatch between the East cartoons and the West cartoons

B the dominant cultural influence of the West over the East

C the influence of the East cartoons over the West cartoons

D the discrimination between the West culture and the East culture

Question 140: This passage is intended to present

A a contrast between Western cartoons and Chinese cartoons

B a description of cartoons of all kinds the world over

C an outline of Western cartoons and Chinese cartoons

D an opinion about how cartoons entertain people

Question141: The word “chiefly” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

Question 142: Which of the following is most likely the traditional subject of Chinese cartoons?

A The stories and features of the lives of great men the world over

B The illiterate and semi-literate people throughout China

C Jokes and other kinds of humor in political and social matters

D The philosophies and sayings of ancient Chinese thinkers

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Question 143: According to the passage, which of the following is true?

A Cartoons will replace other forms of writing

B Western cartoons always have a serious purpose

C Cartoons can serve various purposes

D Language barriers restricted cartoons

What Do You Think?

We have all had bad experiences with restaurants, stores, or hotels Maybe you have gone to a restaurant that served terrible food Perhaps you have gone to a store that had high prices or bad service Or maybe you have booked a hotel and found out later that the room was nothing like the advertisement

These days, we have a better chance of preventing these unpleasant surprises We can do this by using

apps “App” is short for “application” An app is a computer programme on a smartphone You can use

apps to do almost anything Apps can help you play games, get directions, talk to friends, and so on

If f you want to find information about a store or a hotel, you can use a review app Review apps help us evaluate services and products before we hand over our money The idea is very simple After you go to a restaurant or stay in a hotel, you can post a review with one of your apps You can say anything you want

If you like a hotel you stayed in, you can tell people that it was wonderful If you think that the food in a

certain restaurant was bad, then you tell people not to eat there Other people can use their apps to read your reviews

Plenty of people prefer not to use these review apps Many of these people prefer to go out and decide for themselves whether or not a service is good However, review apps are getting more and more popular every day Some apps are for specific services For example, Tripadvisor focuses on travel, and

Goodreads focuses on books There are also other, larger apps that provide information for just about every service that you can think of 5

Question 144: Which of the following would be another good title for the passage?

C Customer Services D Conveniences for Customers

Question 145: The phrase “is short for” in paragraph 2 can best be replaced by

A stands for B supports C takes after D offers

Question 146: If you want to book a hotel, how can a review app help you?

A It can tell you about the hotel before you book it

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B It can tell you how to use a smartphone

C It can tell you about other people who post reviews

D It can help you write better reviews

Question 147: The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to

A A restaurant B A hotel C A review D An idea

Question 148: According to the passage, why do some people prefer NOT to use review apps?

A They don't trust review apps B They don't know how to use review apps

C They think review app are too hard D They prefer to make their own decisions

Culture is a word in common use with complex meanings, and is derived, like the term broadcasting,

from the treatment and care of the soil and of what grows on it It is directly related to cultivation and the

adjectives cultural and cultured are part of the same verbal complex A person of culture has identifiable

attributes, among them a knowledge of and interest in the arts, literature, and music Yet the word

culture does not refer solely to such knowledge and interest nor, indeed, to education At least from the 19th century onwards, under the influence of anthropologists and sociologists, the word culture has come

to be used generally both in the singular and the plural (cultures) to refer to a whole way of life of people, including their customs, laws, conventions, and values

Distinctions have consequently been drawn between primitive and advanced culture and cultures, between elite and popular culture, between popular and mass culture, and most recently between national and global cultures Distinctions have been drawn too between culture and civilization; the latter is a word derived not, like culture or agriculture, from the soil, but from the city The two words are sometimes treated as synonymous Yet this is misleading While civilization and barbarism are pitted against each other in what seems to be a perpetual behavioural pattern, the use of the word culture has been strongly influenced by 6 conceptions of evolution in the 19th century and of development in the 20th century

Cultures evolve or develop They are not static They have twists and turns Styles change So do

fashions There are cultural processes What, for example, the word cultured means has changed

substantially since the study of classical (that is, Greek and Roman) literature, philosophy, and history ceased in the 20th century to be central to school and university education No single alternative focus emerged, although with computers has come electronic culture, affecting kinds of study, and most

recently digital culture As cultures express themselves in new forms not everything gets better or more civilized

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The multiplicity of meanings attached to the word made and will make it difficult to define There

is no single, unproblematic definition, although many attempts have been made to establish one The only nonproblematic definitions go back to agricultural meaning (for example, cereal culture or strawberry culture) and medical meaning (for example, bacterial culture or penicillin culture) Since in anthropology and sociology we also acknowledge culture clashes, culture shock, and counter-culture, the range of reference is extremely wide

Question 149: It is stated in paragraph 1 that a cultured person _.

A has a job related to cultivation

B does a job relevant to education

C takes care of the soil and what grows on it

D has knowledge of arts, literature, and music

Question 150: The word “It” in paragraph 1 refers to

Question 151: The author remarks that culture and civilization are the two words that _

A are both related to agriculture and cultivation

B share the same word formation pattern

C do not develop from the same meaning

D have nearly the same meaning

Question 152: The word “attributes” in paragraph 1 most likely means

Question 153: It can be inferred from the passage that since the 20th century

A classical literature, philosophy, and history have not been taught as core subjects

B classical literature, philosophy, and history have been considered as core subjects

C schools and universities have not taught classical literature, philosophy, and history

D all schools and universities have taught classical literature, philosophy, and history

Question 154: The word “static” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by _

Question 155: Which of the following is NOT true about the word culture?

A It is a word that cannot be defined B Its use has been considerably changed

C It differs from the word civilization D It evolves from agriculture

Question 156: The passage mainly discusses

A the distinction between culture and civilization

B the figurative meanings of the word culture

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C the derivatives of the word culture

D the multiplicity of meanings of the word culture

No educational medium better serves as a means of spatial communication than the atlas Atlases deal with such invaluable information as population distribution and density One of the best, Pennycooke’s World Atlas, has been widely accepted as a standard owing to the quality of its maps and photographs,

which not only show various settlements but also portray them in a variety of scales In fact, the very first

map in the atlas is a cleverly designed population cartogram that projects the size of each country if geographical size were proportional to population Following the proportional layout, a sequence of smaller maps shows the world’s population density, each country’s birth and death rates, population increase and decrease, industrialization, urbanization, gross national product in terms of per capita income, the quality of medical care, literacy, and language To give readers a perspective on how their own country fits in with the global view, additional projections despite the world’s patterns in nutrition, calorie and protein consumption, health care, number of physicians per unit of population, and life expectancy by region Population density maps on a subcontinental scale, as well as political maps,

convey the diverse demographic phenomena of the world in a broad array of scales

Question 157: What is the main topic of this passage ?

A The educational benefits of atlases B Physical maps in an atlas

C The ideal in the making of atlases D Partial maps and their uses

Question 158: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A calorie consumption B population decline

C a level of education D currency exchange rate

A settlements B maps C Pennycooke’s Atlas D standard

Question 160: The author of the passage implies that

A atlases provide a bird’s eye view of country

B atlases can be versatile instruments

C maps use a variety of scales in each projection

D maps of countries differ in size

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Question 161: The word “convey” in the passage is closest in meaning to

Exercise 26:Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

It’s often said that we team things at the wrong time University students frequently do the minimum of

work because they’re crazy about a good social life instead Children often scream before their piano

practice 5 because it’s so boring They have to be given gold stars and medals to be persuaded to swim, or have to be bribed to take exams But the story is different when you’re older

Over the years, I’ve done my share of adult learning At 30, I went to a college and did courses in History

and English It was an amazing experience For starters, I was paying, so there was no reason to be late -

I was the one frowning and drumming my fingers if the tutor was late, not the other way round Indeed, if

I could persuade him to linger for an extra five minutes, it was a bonus, not a nuisance I wasn’t frightened to ask questions, and homework was a pleasure not a pain When I passed an exam, I had a big meal, not for my parents or my teachers The satisfaction I got was entirely personal

Some people fear going back to school because they worry that their brains have got rusty But the joy is

that, although some parts have rusted up, your brain has learnt all kinds of other things since you were young It has learnt to think independently and flexibly and is much better at relating one thing to another What you lose in the rust department, you gain in the maturity department

In some ways, age is a positive plus For instance, when you’re older, you get less frustrated Experience has told you that, if you’re calm and simply do something carefully again and again, eventually you’ll get the hang of it The confidence you have in other areas - from being able to drive a car, perhaps - means that if you can’t, say, build a chair instantly, you don’t, like a child, want to destroy your first pathetic attempts Maturity tells you that you will, with application, eventually get there

I hated piano lessons at school, but I was good at music And coming back to it, with a teacher who could explain why certain exercises were useful and with musical concepts that, at the age of ten I could never grasp, was magical Initially, I did feel a bit strange, thumping out a piece that I’d played for my school exams, with just as little comprehension of what the composer intended as I’d had all those years before But soon, complex emotions that I never knew poured out from my fingers, and suddenly I could understand why practice makes perfect

Question 162: What is the writer’s main purpose in the passage?

A To show how fast adult learning is B To describe adult learning methods

C To encourage adult learning D To explain reasons for learning

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A university students B teams C children D works

Question 164: The writer’s main point in paragraph 2 is to show that as people grow up _

A they tend to learn less as they are discouraged

B they cannot learn as well as younger learners

C they have a more positive attitude towards learning

D they get more impatient with their teachers

Question 165: The phrase “For starters” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by

A For beginners B At the beginning C At the starting point D First and foremost

Question 166: In paragraph 3, the word “rusty” means

A impatient because of having nothing to do

B staying alive and becoming more active

C not as good as it used to be through lack of practice

D covered with rust and not as good as it used to be

Question 167: All of the following are true about adult learning EXCEPT _

A experience in doing other things can help one's learning

B adult learners have fewer advantages than young learners

C young people usually feel less patient than adults

D adults think more independently and flexibly than young people

Question 168: It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that maturity is a positive plus in the learning process

because adult learners

A are less worried about learning than younger learners

B pay more attention to detail than younger learners

C are able to organize themselves better than younger learners

D have become more patient than younger learners

Question 169: It is implied in the last paragraph that when you learn later in life, you _

A should expect to take longer to learn than when you were younger

B are not able to concentrate as well as when you were younger

C can sometimes understand more than when you were younger

D find that you can recall a lot of things you learnt when younger

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