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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING - MINISTRY OF INTERIOR NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION TO HONG NAM STATE MANAGEMENT ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY IN VIETNAM Major: Public management Code: 34 04 03 SUMMARY OF THE DOCTORAL THESIS IN PUBLIC MANAGEMENT HA NOI -2019 The work is completed at: NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Science instructor: PhD Chu Xuân Khánh PhD Lã Hoàng Trung Reviewer 1: …………………………………………………………… ……………………………….…………………………… Reviewer 2: …………………………………………………………… ……………………………… …………………………… Reviewer 3: …………………………………………………………… ………………………………….………………………… The dissertation will be defended before the Academy-level thesis review Council Venue: Department for Doctoral thesis Presentation - Meeting room No Building ……, National Academy of Public Administration No: 77 - Nguyen Chi Thanh street- Dong Da district - Ha Noi city Time: …………h…………… The thesis can be found at the National Library of Vietnam or the Library of the National Academy of Public Administration PREAMBLE Reason to choose the topic Firstly, the IT industry (ITI) is a knowledge-based industry, mainly of which is exploiting human intellect, less in exploiting natural resources, and having high added value This is an economic sector where Vietnam has a comparative advantage with young human resources that diligent in working, good mathematical thinking However, in fact, the revenue of the information technology industry in our country is not high, not yet able to promote the available potential Secondly, the ITI has an important role and is concerned by the Party and the State, but the actions of state management of ITI and information technology has not kept pace with the development as well as the actual requirements Thirdly, there have not been a specialist research project based on the science of public management on state management for this high-tech industry From the above analysis, the PhD student has chosen the topic "State management on Information Technology Industry in Vietnam" as his/her doctoral thesis in Public Management Research purposes and tasks - Researching and supplementing scientific basis on state management on ITI; from that basis, study the situation, propose solutions to improve state management on ITI in the coming time - To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the dissertation defines research tasks as: General analysis of some typical research projects related to domestic and foreign state management on ITI; studying, analyzing and supplementing some theoretical and practical issues to improve the state management science base on ITI; analyzing the status of state management on ITI in Vietnam, comparing to the development status of the industry; draw results, limitations and their causes of state management on ITI; proposing general and specific trends and solutions to continue to improve state management of information technology in Vietnam Subjects and scope of research - Research object are the organization and state management activities on ITI in Vietnam - The scope limited in the contents of state management on ITI systems (institutions, organizations, teams, finance, supervision), focusing on policies, strategies, planning, plans and programs; legal documents; inspection and examination to eliminate violations; organizing the state management apparatus on ITI in the field of manufacturing computer hardware and computer software The scope of space is Vietnamese territory, focusing on central state management The period of the thesis survey, assess the situations is from 2009 - 2017; proposing the trends and solutions to the year 2020 and vision to 2025 Methodology and research methods 4.1 Methodology - The methodology used for studying the thesis is dialectical materialism, historical materialism and systematic theory 4.2 Research methods - The thesis uses a combination of many different research methods including: Methods of analysis, synthesis, practical summation, statistics, comparisons, practical surveys in close combination with expert methods Scientific hypothesis and research questions - The author set up some research questions to find the answer: (1) What are the characteristics and contents of state management of ITI? What are the factors affecting state management on ITI, the tendency of state management on ITI ? (2) How is the real situation of state management on ITI, results, limitations and its causes? Why is the state management on ITI in our country not yet catching up the development, not yet taking and promoting the role and creating conditions for development? (3) How to improve the content of state management on ITI in Vietnam in the coming period? - Scientific hypothesis: ITI plays an increasingly important role in economic development, competitiveness and national defense ITI of our country has not yet taken advantage of opportunities and competitive advantages, has not promoted the potentials State management on ITI has not kept pace with the development, therefore ITI of our country has not developed well enough to meet its potential The scientific and practical significance of the thesis - The dissertation clarifies the theoretical issues of state management of ITI in Vietnam, provides more scientific basis for the completion of state management on ITI in the coming period - In practice, the dissertation analyzes and evaluates state management activities on ITI over the past time; proposes solutions to improve policies, strategies, planning, legal documents, inspection and organization of state management apparatus on ITI in accordance with the actual situation in the coming time; It is also a valuable practical reference for agencies, units and individuals operating in the field of ITI - New contributions of the thesis:  New approach of the thesis: Comparing to the previous works, the thesis approached by the method of public management science to study the scientific basis, assess the real situations of state management of ITI, based on that proposes solutions for completion Thesis in-depth research on state management of ITI in a systematic way, combining theory with practice Those are new contributions of the thesis  The thesis proposes a system of solutions to improve state management on ITI in Vietnam Accordingly that, the thesis is proposing to improve the system of guidelines and policies; perfecting strategies, planning, programs and plans; completing the system of specific legal documents for ITI; proposing the establishment of the Information Technology Industry Department on the basis of upgrading the Information Technology Board under the Ministry of Information and Communications, and at the same time consolidating the organizational apparatus in localities Those are new contribution of the thesis Structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusions and recommendations, the list of references and appendices, the thesis has chapters including: - Chapter1.Overview of research situation related to state management of Information Technology Industry - Chapter Scientific basis for state management of Information Technology Industry - Chapter Actual situation of state management on information technology industry in Vietnam - Chapter Guideline and solutions to improve state management on information technology industry Chapter OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION RELATED TO THE SUBJECT OF THE THESIS 1.1 Group of published studies related to the information technology industry Domestic research projects: There have been a number of scientific topics (mainly of which are the Ministry of Information and Communication projects) to study the contents of information technology industry (including some of state management and production and business activities) such as: Research, propose objectives, implementation contents and solutions for development ITI in some localities; improve the efficiency of investment in and development ITI in Vietnam in the period of 20112015 There are a number of research dissertations related to ICT from a business perspective, often focusing on software products such as building product strategy at the company CMCSOFT in the period 2013-2015 There have been journal articles and seminars on research on ITI mentioning about the different aspects of ITI (much concentrated in ITCommunications magazine) However, because the concept of ITI has not been really popular, the number of domestic research is still limited, the research contents often focus on rather narrow topics of ITI Overseas research projects: Many relating research works, mainly focusing on factors for promoting IT product production There is a research project on human resource development, a study of the model of factors to promote software production for export, research on the importance of R&D, and research on combining public and private enterprises to develop ITI production Since the concept of ITI is defined differently in each country, in each study, then the results of this study should be stringed, valid for the study of state management contents 1.2 Group of published studies related to state management of information technology industry Domestic research projects: There have been a number of doctoral dissertations, scientific topics, articles researching solutions to develop the manufacturing industry of hardware and software products in enterprises, which mentioned a few contents related to activities of state management on information technology industry Most notably, in 2010, Tran Quy Nam implemented a ministerial-level scientific project in which proposed solutions to promote Vietnam's ITI development in the period 2011-2015, and some solutions to improve institutions and policies were proposed Overseas research projects: There have been a number of doctoral dissertations, a master's dissertations, books and research articles related to state management of ITI from different perspectives and conceptions of ITI, including international research on ICT in Vietnam Most of the studies confirmed the role of state management in the development of ITI; a research has focused on software outsourcing policy (Phalgunia Gupta); There are studies focusing on the policy of developing the domestic software market before exporting (Robert Schware); A research has focused on policies to promote interaction with the Government, combining research and production (Shiu Wan Hung); There are studies focusing on foreign direct investment policies, promoting computer hardware development (Felix B Tan and Kallaya Leewongcharoen) 1.3 Comment, evaluation There have been research projects related to state management of information and communication technology, but not much, especially no research work on basic, systematic under the view of science of public management were found The researches have analyzed and proposed solutions for ITI development in general, including some contents related to state management activities; The contents of the study on state management on ITI scattered in different works, not yet be associated systematically and scientifically Recognizing the aforementioned research gap, in their research, the PhD student approached under the public management science perception in a systematic way, linking theory to practice; assessing the actual situation state management on ITI, thereby proposes some solutions to complete this activity in Vietnam Chapter SCIENCE BASIS ON STATE MANAGEMENT FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY 2.1 Theoretical issues about ITI 2.1.1 Information technology industry concept There are many different definitions of IT, but most commonly, IT is to use computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and collect information In the IT field, it can be divided into main components: infrastructure, application, industry, human resources and information security From an economic sector perspective, industry is a large-scale economic activity whose product becomes a commodity that is strongly supported by technological and scientific advances It is understandable that industry in the direction of large-scale production, modern in which only one or several stages of the entire process of producing goods to create added value There are many different definitions, in this thesis, ITI is understood as the industry of manufacturing IT products, including computer hardware and computer software Computer software is a special, invisible product that cannot be used without being installed on computer hardware and can be easily transmitted on the network Software with hardware creates a "complete" IT product 2.1.2 The role of the information technology industry IT is affirmed as an effective tool to create new development methods, contributing to promoting industrialization and modernization, ensuring fast and sustainable development of the country Application is the market of industry, whereas industry promotes applications, creates synchronous infrastructure to promote the development of other economic sectors and creates a foundation for developing the knowledge economy Industry is a market that uses IT human resources and vice versa high quality human resources will promote industrial development IT itself also creates a new industry named information technology industry, which brings higher and higher revenue, contributing significantly to the GDP of each country Right since the 2000s, our Party has advocated "Developing the information technology industry into an important economic sector, especially the development of the software industry" Development of the ICT industry helps each country to master information systems, mastering technology to produce hardware and software products Therefore, the country is not dependent on foreign firms for IT technology and products, ensuring network information security, protecting national sovereignty over cyberspace ICT contributes an increasing contribution to the country's GDP This is considered a young and potential economic day with high growth rate that Vietnam has a competitive advantage in young manpower that diligent in working and cheap compared to other countries in the region In particular, the industry of producing software products has high added value, attracting, creating more and more jobs for employees Those show that ITI's increasingly important role is infrastructure to promote the development of other economic and social sectors 2.1.3 Characteristics of Vietnam's information technology industry In this section, the dissertation presents four main characteristics of ITI in Vietnam: (i) ITI is a high-tech product manufacturing industry, highknowledge products, high-automation hardware production while software manufacture can be implemented separately through virtual offices, via the network In Vietnam, the hardware industry is mainly implements the assembly stage while the software industry is mainly outsourcing for exports and supplies for domestic demand; (ii) Market software products is wide, direct competition in the international market Hardware products mainly participate in some stages of the global value chain; (iii) Large scale investments, especially investments in hardware production assembly, software brands and R&D In Vietnam, most IT enterprises are SMEs, startup enterprises and R&D investments are very limited; (iv) IT human resources are globally integrated, "moving" easily among countries in the region and the world In Vietnam, IT human resources lack in quantity and weak in quality 2.2 Contents of state management on information technology industry and influencing factors 2.2.1 Contents of state management on ITI The content of state management on ITI is divided into main groups, including: Institutional system including mechanisms, policies and legal documents; Organizational system and operational mechanism of the organization; The team and manpower carry out management activities (staff, civil servants, employees, employees implementing management); Expenses and funding for management activities (public finance); The process of checking, evaluating and supervising management activities The details including (i) To develop and to organize the implementation of IT policies, strategies, planning, program for development ITI (ii) To develop, to promulgate, propaganda, dissemination and organizing the implementation of legal documents on ITI; (iii) Inspecting, examining, resolving complaints and denunciations and handling law violations in the domain of ITI; (iv) International cooperation on ITI; (v) Organizing the state management apparatus on ITI; (vi) In addition, state management on ITI also includes the following contents: Developing and promulgating regulations on standards and quality applied in the field of ITI; Managing information safety and security in ITI operations; Granting, temporary suspending, suspending, revoking types of certifications and certificates on ITI; Managing investment in ITI operations according to the law; management and development human resource for ITI; Organization of management and use of natural resources and national database on ITI; management and implement statistical reports on ITI according to the law; Mobilizing information infrastructure and ITI equipments for national defense, security and other emergency cases as prescribed by law In the scope of the research, the dissertation has studied and proposed solutions to improve state management of ITI in contents: construction, implementation of guidelines - strategies - projects - plans - programs, legal documents, inspection-check-handling violations and organizing apparatus 2.2.2 The role of state management for ITI State management plays an important role, deciding the development of the information technology industry in our country, especially in the first phase of the current development, including: (i) The role of creating a stable environment and favorable conditions for production activities; (ii) The role of promulgating the legal framework, implementing policies, encouraging support, control and arbitration in order to achieve the objectives of developing the ITI business; (iii) The role of preventing, overcoming, limiting the negative aspects of the market mechanism for the production of computer hardware and software products; (iv) Role of orientation for activities of manufacturing ITI, direct investment in some areas to lead the market; (v) The role of choosing to use highly effective management tools creating a strong motivation to promote the development of ITI 2.2.3 Characteristics of state management on ITI In this section, the dissertation investigating the characteristics of state management of ITI in our country today includes: (i) IT as well as IT production activities are progressing very fast, many new technologies are 3.2 Current situation of state management on ITI 3.2.1 Actual situation of guidelines, policies, strategies, projects, plans and programs for development of information technology industry - Guidelines and policies issued by the Government at resolutions have shown relatively sufficient contents, affirming the important role of the information technology industry and facilitating the development of the ITI However, guidelines and policies in general reflect political determination, need to be institutionalized into legal documents, investment in resources to become realization; some of guidelines are still slow to be textualized to implement in practice Some guidelines and policies are still general and not specific and qualitative, such as strengthening, encouraging and prioritizing, making it difficult to implement The basic reason is that the progress of science and technology in the IT field has changed rapidly, substantially changing the mode of production, state management has not kept up with the development of technology The IT industry has many different characteristics from traditional industries, hardware products participating in the global value chain, software products can be easily circulated in the network environment - Since 2005, there has been a "ITI development strategy" issued that identifies long-term goals, indicating key solutions However, this "strategy" was integrated with the ICT development strategy in general Some contents have been implemented, the target of software and hardware revenue exceeded the set target Besides it, many contents have not been implemented and no longer suitable after more than 10 years of implementation, so it is necessary to develop and issue a new strategy specifically for ITI - Since 2007, there has been "ITI development planning" issued, integrated with ICT development planning of the key economic regions Deploying those plans, up to now, a series of concentrated IT areas have been formed that have attracted many strong domestic and foreign IT enterprises to invest in production In the whole country, there are 41/63 provinces and cities generating revenue related to the production of IT products and up to 19/63 localities getting revenue from exporting IT product However, many of the goals set out in the plans have not been implemented The main reason is that the localities have not arranged and attracted resources, the resources, if any, are often not focused, fragmented, 14 leading to asynchronous and uneven investment among localities After more than 10 years of implementation, many contents are no longer suitable for practical and technological conditions, it is necessary to develop and issue a new and plan specialized for ITI - Software industry development program was issued 10 years ago Many contents of the program have been drastically implemented, achieving important results, contributing positively to the growth of ITI in this period However, there are still many contents that have not been implemented synchronously and have not got the desired results The main cause are the domestic economic downturn, tightening public spending; some ministries, branches, localities and IT enterprises have not really participated in the Program; There is still a lack of guiding documents on norms, financial mechanisms and technical norms - The project to make Vietnam soon become a strong ICT country by 2020 (including ITI) has been approved by the Prime Minister since 2010 The overall framework scheme, mainly demonstrating political determination and tasks and solutions of the basic scheme already in previous strategies, planning and programs Therefore, the results of implementing the Scheme is to synthesize the results of implementing these strategies and plans The major limitation is in the stage of organizing the implementation that no action plan has been issued, so the ministries, branches and localities have not really entered and spent a worthy investment to implement the Scheme - The Target Program for the development of the ITI to 2020, with a vision to 2025, was approved in 2015, continuing to inherit the successful implementation of the programs for the 2007-2014 period, concomitantly, updating and supplementing new content in accordance with the latest regulations issued; integrating and using the resources of other ongoing programs for ITI development Although it was promulgated since 2015, this Program has not been implemented yet, funding has not been allocated The main reason lies in the responsibility of the chairing agencies and branches and the difficulties of the economy in the over time - The overall plan for the development of Vietnam's electronics industry (including computer hardware production) by 2010 and the vision to 2020 has been approved by the Prime Minister So far this is the only plan for the development of electronic industry (including computer 15 hardware production) issued Some contents of the plan have been implemented but there are still many contents that have not been implemented in practice The main reason is that the contents of the plan are still general, difficult to implement and the chairing units have not paid enough attention, and have not arranged the resources for deployment - The master plan for IT human resource development to 2015 and the orientation to 2020 has been approved by the Prime Minister since 2009 The solutions focus on increasing investment, expanding the scale and form of training, innovating programs, content, methods and processes of training However, the actual implementation of the Plan is very limited, much of the contents have not been implemented, objectives and solutions are qualitative and difficult to assess The main reason is that the lead agencies have not really directed strictly, the financial mechanism has many obstacles - Thus, until now, the strategy, projects, programs and plans for ITI development to 2020 have been basically formed and issued; Implementing a number of programs has achieved remarkable results, such as the program of software industry development However, there are some shortcomings such as: (i) There are no strategies, plannings, programs and plans specialized for the development of the information technology industry that are issued, in fact, ITI is now integrated with ICT Much of the content on ITI is missing or unclear; no strategy, planning, program, long-term plan for the period after 2020 were issued; (ii) Strategies, plannings, programs and plans issued over 10 years are no longer appropriate, especially in the context of rapid progress of IT over the past time as well as the adjustment of guidelines, policies and organization apparatus and economic context at home and abroad; (iii) Strategy, planning is not really, is still formal, not feasible; especially the conditions of resources to ensure the implementation of the strategy and planning are not responded; (iv) Many programs and plans have been issued but have not been implemented or just stopped at the start-up phase The main reason is due to: (i) The quality of strategies, planning, programs and plans is not close to reality, lacking of feasibility, nonnormative and lacking of sanctions, so the implementation is still limited; (ii) The resources to ensure implementation of strategies, planning, 16 programs, plans, especially financial resources have not been met; (iii) The domestic and international context changes, especially the rapid progress of technology, the fierce competition of countries in the region 3.2.2 Status of legal documents related to information technology industry - The National Assembly promulgated the Law on Information Technology 2006 (IT Law), including the field of manufacturing computer hardware and software products The law stipulates the development policy of ITI (Article 48) and stipulates that the competent state authorities issue regulations and organize the implementation of activities to develop ITI market (Article 49) By implementing IT Law, ITI has gradually become an important economic sector However, in fact, over 10 years of implementation, some contents of IT Law are still unclear (Article 39, Article 45); some contents had been handed over to the Government, ministries and branches have not been normative (Article 49, Article 50); there is also inconsistency between IT Law and some other Laws; the regulations on ITI are inadequate and no longer suitable with the trend of technology development Regarding enforcement, there is overlap in the implementation of state management on hardware industry; on software copyright and intellectual property rights; lack of funds for implementing approved programs and plans; small scale and potential of IT enterprises hinder the development of the information technology industry In addition to the IT Law, the National Assembly has adopted a number of specialized Laws that incorporate the adjustment of activities of producing IT products such as Investment Law and Import and Export Tax Law - The Government has issued a specific guidance on some articles of the IT Law on ITI, which is the highest document so far with specific regulations on ITI The decree regulates ITI types, development of the key IT product, centralized IT zones and the measures to ensure developing ITI Over 10 years of implementing the Decree, a number of important results have been achieved (mainly as a basis for issuing guiding documents) However, many contents of IT Law have not been instructed in the Decree, some contents are slow to implement, many contents have not been implemented and some contents need to be adjusted to suit the reality In addition, until now, the Government has not yet had other documents regulating the contents specialized for ITI, which are often integrated in 17 some common documents The Prime Minister, in addition to issuing programs and plans for the development of ITI mentioned above, has also issued direct and indirect legal documents on ITI - At the ministerial, sectoral level, there are some notable documents related to ITI development such as guiding the management and use of funds for development of IT industry; List of products of software and hardware, electronics; prescribing the determination of software product production activities; the priority of investment and procurement of domestic IT products and services using the state budget 3.2.3 Actual situation of inspection, checking and handling of violations of information technology industry The Inspectorate of The Information and Communication Industry presides over the inspection, examination and handling of violations of ITI In general, the work of inspecting, examining and handling violations of ITI has been implemented in recent years but still very limited in both terms of quantity and level Some reasons of limitation are such as the inspection teams ara lack in quantity, not regularly updated to improve the qualifications and support facilities are lacking and outdated; there is also the overlap of functions and tasks of specialized inspectors relating to ITI; The propaganda, dissemination and guidance of laws have not been effective; regulations on violations have not been updated, sanctions are not enough to deter 3.2.4 Current status of international cooperation in state management of information technology industry In the over time, cooperative relationships have been expanded, calling for funding for the development programs of ITI, creating investment opportunities, promoting trade for businesses, developing human resources for ITI; participating in many trade agreements such as ITA, WTO and FTA free trade agreements as well as signed cooperation agreements However, there are still many shortcomings such as the lack of international experience in state management on ITI; has not created an open policy environment in which administrative procedures reduced, preferentially attracted foreign investment and technology transfer; slow in trade promotion and human resource attraction In the coming time, state management of information and communication technology focuses on addressing the above limitations, concluding negotiations on trade 18 commitments, sending experts to deeply participate in international organizations, attracting international resources to develop ITI and supporting Vietnamese IT products to international market 3.2.5 Current status of state management apparatus on information technology industry The apparatus of state management on ITI has decentralized clearly the functions and tasks at the central level (Ministry of Information and Communications), local level (Department of Information and Communications) and related agencies, units and associations However, the current state management apparatus on ITI have revealed some limitations such as: There is no unit specialized in state management on ITI; The contingent of cadres and specialists specialized in state management on ITI is thin and lacking practice experience; At the central level, the unit advising on state management on ITI organized under the model of Department that restricted proactive; The relationship and interaction between state management agencies on ITI and the relevant agencies at the same level, especially with associations and enterprises, is lacking in strong attachment, has not yet created consensus and synergy 3.2.6 General results achieved - The guidelines and policies for development of ITI have been paid attention and directed by the Party, the National Assembly and the Government, and issued many resolutions affirming the important role of ITI, setting targets and solutions to facilitate ITI development in the coming time In particular, policies on encouraging investment, incentives and exemption of corporate income tax According to that, the software industry is specially invested with preferential treatment, enjoying the highest tax incentives, Vietnamese enterprises involved in manufacturing and providing software services are supported investment from the development support fund of the government The policies encouraging the use of domestic IT products and services have attained some certain results - Strategies, planning, programs and plans for IT development have been developed and issued, implemented and attained some important results Many localities have developed their programs and plans for ICT application and development on the basis of national schemes and programs suitable to their localities, in which capital sources are used local budget in combination with supporting from the central budget 19 - The system of legal documents has been gradually improved, creating a synchronous and favorable legal framework for developing ITI It can be said that the full basic legal environment is gradually being improved and updated to create a more favorable corridor for developing ITI The state management apparatus on ITI has been deployed from the central to local levels with clear and transparent decentralization of functions and tasks 3.2.7 Limitation, inadequate and basic causes - The guidelines and Policies of the Party and the Government are still slow to be legalized, some guidelines are generally qualitative and difficult to implement - Strategies, plannings specialized for ITI have not been issued, currently being integrated with ICTs, many qualitative contents are difficult to enforce, the promulgation of strategies and planning are still formalism Moreover, these strategies and plannings issued over 10 years are no longer relevant now The programs and plans of ITI development have been issued, updated and implemented with initial results, in the period from 2015 is hardly implemented - The system of legal documents on ITI is lacking, or slow to issue, not keeping up with the actual situation (especially the documents specialized for ITI development) The system of legal documents on ITI needs to be finalized, with the regulations on current procurement investment, IT projects are often inclined to purchase hardware products because of easy in disbursement and norms are quite clear IT projects often have little investment in software products due to the lack of norms and regulations on procurement investment In addition, the lack of regulations governing the import and export of software or the policy of VAT exemption for current software products has limited the development of Vietnam's software industry The quality of documents is sometimes unrealistic and difficult to implement; The content of documents is difficult to understand and unclear, which makes it difficult to enforce; The documents were not timely causing difficulties for production activities, losing opportunities to dominate the market; many documents were overlapping and contradictory; The collection of opinions in the construction of documents are sometimes not realistic and formalism; The dissemination, storage and search of legal 20 documents is not convenient, especially the dissemination of laws to the foreign investors - The state management apparatus does not yet have a specialized ITI unit, the ITI sector has not been given adequate attention, often concurrently and integrated with other areas - The main reason is: (i) Rapid progress of science and technology (such as cloud computing technology, big data, artificial intelligence) leading to changes in thinking and management methods; (ii) The lack of investment resources or investment is quite limited, resulting and efficiency are low, not really taking advantage of young and dynamic human resources of Vietnam; (iii) The quality of constructing policy, strategy, planning, legal documents are not high; (iv) The apparatus of state management is thin and the quality of human resources is limited and lacking in the connection between state management with enterprises and associations Summary of chapter Chapter summarizes and assesses the situations of ITI production activities from key aspects including enterprises, products, markets and human resources, showing an overall picture of the information technology industry in our country The impact on ITI production activities includes many different factors, Chapter has deeply integrated, analyzed the actual situation of state management on ITI from aspects of state management including guidelines - policies, strategies - planning - schemes - programs plans, legal documents and organizing state management apparatus Concomitantly, Chapter has deeply analyzed the results, limitations and the basic causes that state management activities have achieved, have been encountered in recent years The results of research in Chapter combined with the results of research on trends and experiences in Chapter will be the basis for proposing solutions to improve the state management on ITI in Chapter 21 Chapter ORIENTATIONS AND SOLUTIONS TO CONTINUE COMPLETING THE STATE MANAGEMENT ON THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY 4.1 Viewpoints and orientations to complete the state management on the information technology industry The point of view: (1) Based on the Party and State guidelines; (2) promoting to develop ITI into an economic and technical sector with rapid and sustainable growth; (3) improve the effectiveness and efficiency of state administrative management; (4) consult and apply domestic and international experiences; (5) consistent with the general development trend of the world, taking advantage of Vietnam's potential and strengths In terms of directions: (1) Focusing on management decisions such as what to help, for whom and how much, especially developing key products, centralized IT zones, transferring to private sector the provision of infrastructure services; (2) Assigning more powers and responsibilities to local governments, allocating centralized IT areas to localities to manage, assigning enterprises to developing key IT product, applying the form of hiring executive directors (CEOs) ) such as of the private sector, transforming non-business units into joint-stock companies; (3) Enhancing the relations with the public, businesses, associations and consumers of IT products; (4) Applying business management by efficiency, according to the output instead of input, should not allocate funds to agencies and units based on the number of employees and payrolls without caring about efficiency of management and use in practice; (5) Promoting the application of the mechanism for ordering public non-business services using the state budget; (6) Research and apply the form of using employees to work under contracts instead of the recruiting regime to work for a lifetime to maintain the strive for continuous learning, creating flexibility in personnel; (7) Developing a model in which the state management agencies are provided with public services related to the law on ITI, perform consultancy contracts like as private enterprises; (8) Allowing private enterprises to be provided with some public services in the field of ITI such as legal consultancy, investment consultancy, guiding the procedures for licensing for production and IT services 22 4.2 Some solutions for continuing to improve the state management on information technology industry 4.2.1 General solutions Completing the ITI development policy in the direction of continuously updating and supplementing in accordance with the actual situation; more specific, more feasible to be able to institutionalize legal documents as a basis for practical implementation, including: the policy of developing IT enterprise; IT product development policy; the policy of attract investment in manufacturing IT products; the policy of developing IT product market; the policy for developing IT human resources 4.2.2 Some of specific solutions for continuing to improve the state management on information technology industry in Vietnam 4.2.2.1 The solutions to improve policies, strategies, planning, plans and programs for development of information technology industry Developing strategies, planning, plans for ITI development separately, overall and synchronously, avoiding integrating with ICT development contents as before; Reviewing, adjusting and updating in accordance with current practical conditions of ICT development strategies; Improving the quality of strategies, planning, programs and plans for ITI development; Reviewing, modifying and supplementing to ensure ITI is an important content that must be included in strategies, plannings, plans and program for socio-economic development; Developing detailed planning of concentrated IT zones; Focusing on drastically implementing the target program for the development of the ITI industry until 2020 which has been approved 4.2.2.2 Completing the system of legal documents related to the information technology industry Completing the system of legal documents towards urgently supplementing the missing documents, legalizing the guidelines and resolutions adopted by the Party and the Government; revise documents that are no longer appropriate to reality, ensuring clear responsibilities, clear sanctions, clear resources and feasibility in the implementation 4.2.2.3 Improving inspection, inspection and handling of violations Completing the legal regulation system, focusing on updating violations and adjusting appropriate remedies; promoting the propaganda and guidance on the law, especially using online; strengthening inspection 23 and reminders to not causing difficulties for businesses; strengthening coordination, interdisciplinary inspections to increase efficiency and reduce troubles for businesses; consolidating the inspection teams in terms of quantity and capability; increasing the investment in facilities and budget for inspection work 4.2.2.4 Completing the organization of state management apparatus on information technology industry The thesis proposes to improve the organization of this apparatus in the direction of: At the central level, establishing the IT Industry Bureau under the Ministry of Information and Communications basing on upgrading IT Department; In the locality, consolidating the team, forming the teams, groups specialized for ITI under the IT Section; For the provinces and cities that have conditions to attract investment and development of the ITI establish the career units (operating under the autonomy mechanism) under The Office of Information and Communications to support the state management In addition, in order to attract experts to state management at the central and local levels, the thesis proposes the mechanism of financial and non-financial incentives 4.3 Some proposals and suggestions In order to improve the state management of ITI in the coming time, the dissertation proposes some relating agencies to pay attention to early implement some of specific contents including recommendations: to the Government and the Prime Minister; to The Ministry of Information and Communication; to the Ministry of Finance; to the Ministry of Science and Technology; to Ministry of Education and Training Summary of chapter Chapter of the thesis has drawn some orientations and solutions to improve the state management on ITI in Vietnam Besides the general solutions, the thesis proposes specific solutions including completing guidelines and policies; perfecting the strategic, planning and plans for development; completing the system of legal documents and the apparatus of the state management from the central to local levels Finally, Chapter proposes some solutions to be implemented as soon as posible to the Government, the Prime Minister and a number of ministries and branches 24 CONCLUSION IT industry is a knowledge-based economy with high added value in line with the current and future development trends, especially in the context of the fourth industrial revolution In Vietnam, it can be said that ITI is a new and potential economic and technical industry with advantages in young human resources and high professional qualifications In order to promote the advantages and develop the information technology industry to bring economic value, it is necessary to formulate and complete the state management work to create conditions and environment to promote growth For the purpose of research on the state management on Vietnam's IT industry, the thesis has made the following results: The thesis synthesized and analyzed the situation of domestic and foreign research related to the state management on ITI The results show that the contents of the state management on ITI have been studied each independent content, scattered, integrated in the research works However, there has not been a systematic study of the state management on ICT under the sense of public management, this is a gap for this thesis to be completed The scientific basis for state management on ITI has been supplemented from concepts, roles, characteristics to the content of state management as well as the influencing factors and development trends of state management of ITI Concomitantly, the thesis has researched and distilled of management experience of some countries that can be applied in accordance with our country's conditions Focused on analyzing the development status of the ITI in the past time; analyzed and evaluated the status of promulgating the guidelines and policy, developing strategic planning, building and enforcing the legal documents as well as organizing state management apparatus; drawn results, limitation, inadequacies and causes in the state management on ITI in our country in the over time Proposed general course, solutions, specific solutions to improve state management of ITI in Vietnam oriented to 2025 Solutions groups include completing guidelines and policies on ITI development in a more specific direction; completing the formulation of strategies, planning and plans in the direction of promulgating specifically for ITI; completing the system of legal documents in the direction of supplementing and adjusting 25 as well as accompanying sanctions and resources for implementation; completing the organization of state management apparatus in the direction of consolidating specialized units and coordination regulations Specific solutions can be deployed and implemented soon in practice Basically, the dissertation fulfills the research objectives and tasks, contributing to the provision of scientific arguments to improve some contents of the state management on ITI in our country in the coming time 26 LIST OF AUTHOR' WORKS Tô Hồng Nam (2008), Research on the current situation and orientation of developing telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry in Vietnam by 2020, Ministry-level scientific project, Ministry of Information and Communications, Hanoi Tô Hồng Nam (2009), Research on the situation and proposing the solutions to manage used IT products in Vietnam, Ministry-level scientific project, Ministry of Information and Communications, Hanoi Tô Hồng Nam (2013), “Some analysis proposed to build CIO title system in Vietnam”, Journal of Information and Communication Technology, Term (9.2013), page 29-33 Tô Hồng Nam (2013), ‘Situation of development of Vietnam Information Technology industry”, Journal of Information and Communication Technology, Term (11.2013), page 16-22 Tô Hồng Nam (2013), “International experience lessons and the solutions to develop information technology industry in Vietnam”, Journal of Information and Communication Technology, Term (12.2013), page 15-19 Tô Hồng Nam (2014), “Applying international standards for information security in the state agencies in Vietnam”, Journal of Information and Communication Technology, Term (3.2014), p 39-44 Tô Hồng Nam (2014), “A number of proposals on testing and certification of standards of IT use skills in Vietnam”, Journal of Information and Communication Technology, Term (4.2014), p 9-14 Tô Hồng Nam (2014), “Formulating the standards of professional IT human resource skill”, Journal of Information and Communication Technology, Term (6.2014), p.44-50 Tô Hồng Nam (2014), ‘Completing the state management policy on information technology industry”, State Management Magazine, No 223 (8/2014), p.66-69 10 Tô Hồng Nam (2015), “Learn some of the contents of the IT industry development target program”, Journal of Information and Communication Technology, Term 2, May 2015, p.15-21 11 Tô Hồng Nam (2015), “Learn some regulations on the standards of professional IT human resource skill”, Journal of Information and Communication Technology, Term June 2015, p.7-11 12 Tô Hồng Nam (2016), “International challenges and experiences and proposing a number of tasks to promote training and development of IT human resources in Vietnam”, Journal of Information and Communication Technology, Term March 2016, p.14-18 13 Tô Hồng Nam (2016), “Current situation and proposing some solutions to attract IT human resources into state agencies”,Journal of Information and Communication Technology, Term April 2016, p.1722 14 Tô Hồng Nam (2016), “Promoting the role of youth in promoting IT human resource development”, Youth Magazine, No 19, dated 24/5/2016, p.14-15 15 Tô Hồng Nam (2016), “The new public management model to be applied to the state management of Vietnam's IT industry”, Journal of Information and Communication Technology, Term June 2016, p.1419 16 Tô Hồng Nam (2016), “Some content related to the Joint Circular stipulating the organization of testing and issuance of IT application certificates”, Journal of Information and Communication Technology, Term July 2016, p.16-20 17 Tô Hồng Nam (2017), “The Digital revolution: Opportunities and challenges to education and training in our country”, Journal of Information and Communication Technology, Term March 2017, p.11-13 18 Tô Hồng Nam (2017), “The role of the state management in the development of IT industry in our country”, Tạp chí Cơng nghệ thơng tin Truyền thơng, May 2017, p.61-64 19 Tô Hồng Nam (2017), “Development trend of IT industry activities and issues for the state management”, Journal of Information and Communication Technology, August 2017, p.34-37 ... 18 Tô Hồng Nam (2017), “The role of the state management in the development of IT industry in our country”, Tạp chí Công nghệ thông tin Truyền thông, May 2017, p.61-64 19 Tô Hồng Nam (2017),... human resources is abundant, proficient in English language; (ii) Attracting many multinational 10 companies to invest; (iii) Attracting a lot of overseas Indians; (iv) The Strategic focusing for... localities getting revenue from exporting IT product However, many of the goals set out in the plans have not been implemented The main reason is that the localities have not arranged and attracted