Chapter E-Learning and Use of Technology in Training McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Technology’s Influence on Training and Learning New technologies have made it possible to: reduce the costs associated with delivering training increase the effectiveness of the learning environment help training contribute to business goals 8-2 Technology’s Influence on Training and Learning (cont.) New training delivery and instructional methods include: online learning (e-learning) distance learning simulations virtual reality expert systems electronic support systems learning management systems 8-3 Technology’s Influence on Training and Learning (cont.) Benefits of Technology Employees can gain control over when and where they receive training Employees can access knowledge and expert systems on an as-needed basis The learning environment can look, feel, and sound just like the work environment Employees can choose the type of media they want to use in a training program 8-4 Technology’s Influence on Training and Learning (cont.) Benefits of Technology Paperwork and time needed for administrative activities is reduced Employees’ accomplishments during training can be monitored Traditional training methods can be delivered to trainees rather than requiring them to come to a central training location 8-5 Technology’s Influence on Training and Learning (cont.) Digital collaboration use of technology to enhance and extend employees’ abilities to work together regardless of their geographic proximity can be synchronous or asynchronous 8-6 Technology’s Influence on Training and Learning (cont.) Prior to the introduction of new technology: Trainees played a passive role in learning Interaction among learners occurred primarily outside the training room and tended to be limited Due to technology, learning has become a more dynamic process Instructor is more of a coach and resource person 8-7 Figure 8.1 - Types of Learning Environments 8-8 Figure 8.1 - Types of Learning Environments 8-9 Figure 8.1 - Types of Learning Environments 8-10 Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) (cont.) Different from other new training technologies in several ways: Can make decisions about the trainee’s level of understanding Can complete a self-assessment resulting in a modification of its teaching process 8-36 Figure 8.4 - Components of Intelligent Tutoring Systems 8-37 Distance Learning It involves two types of technology: Teleconferencing - synchronous exchange of audio, video, and/or text between two or more individuals or groups at two or more locations Interactive distance learning (IDL) - latest generation of distance learning, which uses satellite technology to broadcast programs to different locations and allows trainees to respond to questions posed during the training program using a keypad 8-38 Distance Learning (cont.) Advantages: Company saves on travel costs Allows employees in geographically dispersed sites to receive training from experts who would not otherwise be available to visit each location Disadvantages: Lack of interaction between the trainer and the audience Technology failures Unprepared trainers 8-39 Table 8.10 - Conditions When Training Support Technologies are Most Needed 8-40 Technologies for Training Support Expert systems - technology that organizes and applies the knowledge of human experts to specific problems It has three elements: A knowledge base A decision-making capability A user interface 8-41 Technologies for Training Support (cont.) Groupware - enables multiple users to track, share, and organize information and to work on the same document simultaneously Companies use groupware to improve business processes, to improve meeting effectiveness, as well as to identify and share knowledge in the organization 8-42 Technologies for Training Administration Interactive voice technology - uses a conventional personal computer to create an automated phone response system Imaging - scanning documents, storing them electronically, and retrieving them Training software applications - used to track information related to training administration, employee skills, employees’ training activities, online learning, and transfer of training 8-43 Learning Management Systems: Systems for Training Delivery, Support, and Administration Learning management system (LMS) - a technology platform that can be used to automate the administration, development, and delivery of all of a company’s training programs 8-44 Table 8.12 - Features of Learning Management Systems (LMSs) 8-45 Learning Management Systems: Systems for Training Delivery, Support, and Administration (cont.) Advantages of LMSs: Reduces travel and training related costs Reduces time for program completion Increase employees’ accessibility to training across the business Provides administrative capabilities to track program completion and course enrollments Allows companies to track all learning activity in the business 8-46 Learning Management Systems: Systems for Training Delivery, Support, and Administration (cont.) The major reasons that companies adopt an LMS are: To centralize management of learning activities Track regulatory compliance Measure training usage and employee performance 8-47 Learning Management Systems: Systems for Training Delivery, Support, and Administration (cont.) Developing on LMS Senior management needs to be convinced that an LMS will benefit employees, improve business functions, and contribute to overall business strategies and goals The company must have an e-learning culture The online learning environment needs to be under the control of the learner 8-48 Choosing New Technology Training Methods New technology training methods should be considered when: Sufficient budget and resources are provided Trainees are geographically dispersed Trainees are comfortable using technology It is a part of the company’s business strategy and suits its culture Employees have a difficult time attending scheduled training programs Current training methods allow limited time for practice, feedback, and assessment 8-49 Table 8.13 - Comparison of Technology-based Training Methods 8-50 ... Technology’s Influence on Training and Learning (cont.) Benefits of Technology Employees can gain control over when and where they receive training Employees can access knowledge and expert systems... 8-10 Technology and Multimedia Multimedia training - combines audiovisual training methods with computer-based training 8-11 Table 8.2 - Advantages and Disadvantages of Multimedia Training 8-12... them to come to a central training location 8-5 Technology’s Influence on Training and Learning (cont.) Digital collaboration use of technology to enhance and extend employees’ abilities to