lý thuyết ôn thi vào 10 cơ bản

LESSON 1: Prounciation and stress I Ngữ âm: BẢNG PHIÊN Â TIẾNG ANH Cách phát âm –ed: - Có cách phát âm –ed: * đọc thành âm /id/ với từ có âm cuối / t, d / * đọc thành âm /t/ với từ có âm cuối /p, f, k, s, ∫, t∫, θ / * đọc thành âm /d/ với trường hợp lại Ex: /id/ /t/ /d/ - dedicated - stopped - opened - devoted - laughed - arrived - pretended - liked - discovered - needed - washed - interviewed Cách phát âm –s / -es - Có cách phát âm –s –es: * đọc thành âm /s/ với từ có âm cuối / p, f, k, t, θ / * đọc thành âm /iz/ với từ có âm cuối / s, z, ∫, t∫, dƷ/ * đọc thành âm /z/ với trường hợp lại Ex: /s/ /iz/ /z/ - cups - buses - tables - laughs - washes - swallows - likes - watches - schoolyards - baths - boxes - days Cách đánh dấu trọng âm: a Từ có âm tiết: Trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu âm tiết thứ hai - Danh từ tính từ: - Trọng âm đặt vần đầu Ex: ‘table, ‘happy, ‘lucky, ‘weather…… - Một số danh từ có trọng âm từ gốc Ex: de’sign, be’lief, ac’cept, de’mand……… Danh từ tận –OO hay –OON: trọng âm đặt vần Ex: after’noon, bam’boo, bal’loon…… - Động từ: - động từ tận –OW, -EN, -Y, -EL, -LE, -ISH: trọng âm vần th ứ nh ất Ex: ‘follow, ‘finish, ‘carry, ‘suffer, ‘harden, ‘answer……… - động từ tận –ATE: trọng âm đặt vần hai Ex: trans’late, cre’ate…… - Từ hai vần vừa danh từ vừa động từ: + Trọng âm đặt vần thứ chúng danh từ Ex: ‘record, ‘object…… + Trọng âm đặt vần thứ hai chúng động từ Ex: re’cord, ob’ject…… Note: Không phải tất từ hai vần vừa danh từ v động t đ ều theo qui t - Một số từ có trọng âm vần thứ nhất: purchase, promise, sorrow…… - Một số từ có trọng âm vần thứ hai: regret, surprise, control…… - Giới từ: trọng âm đặt từ gốc Ex: be’hind, be’fore, a’bove…… - Từ ghép: - Danh từ: trọng âm thường đặt từ đầu Ex: ‘baseball, ‘schoolbag, ‘drugstore… - Tính từ: trọng âm thường đặt vần thứ hai Ex: good-‘looking, bad-‘tempered, old-‘fashioned - Đại từ phản thân: trọng âm đặt vần “self / selves” Ex: my’self, him’self, them’selves b Từ có âm tiết: - Những từ có hậu tố là: -ade, -ee, -ese, -ette, -ique, -eer, -ain trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết Ex: lemo’nade, ciga’rette, Vietna’mese, enter’tain … - Âm tiết liền trước hậu tố -tion, thường nhận trọng âm Ex:, trans’lation - Từ tận –ate thường đặt âm thứ tính từ cuối Ex: ‘generate, cer’tificate, cong’ratulate c Từ có âm tiết trở lên: - Những từ tận hậu tố -ic, -ual, -ian, -ical, -ity, -graphy, -ics, -logy âm tiết liền trước thường nhận trọng âm Ex: eco’nomic, intel’lectual, mathema’tician, poli’tician, eco’nomical, uni’versity, ge’ography, mathe’matics soci’ology - Trọng âm đặt âm thứ trước hậu tố -ize, -ary Ex: ‘modernize, ‘dictionary, i’maginary PRACTICE STRESS A adorable B ability C impossible D entertainment A engineer B corporate C difficult D different A popular B position C horrible D positive A selfish B correct C purpose D surface A permission B computer C million D perfection A scholarship B negative C develop D purposeful A ability B acceptable C education D hilarious A.document B comedian C perspective D location A provide B product C promote D profess A different B regular C achieving D property A education B community C development D unbreakable A politics B deposit C conception D occasion A prepare B repeat C purpose D police A preface B famous C forget D childish A cartoon B western C teacher D theater A Brazil B Iraq C Norway D Japan A scientific B ability C experience D material A complain B luggage C improve D forgive A offensive B delicious C dangerous D religious A develop B adjective C generous D popular A beautiful B important C delicious D exciting A element B regular C believing D policy A punctual B tolerant C utterance D occurrence A expensive B sensitive C negative D sociable A education B development C economic D preparation A attend B option C percent D become A literature B entertainment C recreation D information A attractive B perception C cultural D expensive A chocolate B structural C important D national A cinema B position C family D popular A natural B department C exception D attentive A economy B diplomacy C informative D information A arrest B purchase C accept D forget A expertise B cinema C recipe D similar A government B musician C disgusting D exhausting A successful B interest C arrangement D disaster A competition B repetition C equivalent D disappointment A private B provide C arrange D advise A academic B education C impossible D optimistic A study B knowledge C precise D message A industry B performance C importance D provision A contain B express C carbon D obey A impress B favor C occur D police A regret B selfish C purpose D preface A govern B cover C perform D father A writer B teacher C builder D career A morning B college C arrive D famous A ambitious B chocolate C position D occurrence A furniture B abandon C practical D scientist A devote B compose C purchase D advise A remember B influence C expression D convenient A medium B computer C formation D connection A national B cultural C popular D musician A successful B humorous C arrangement D attractive A construction B typical C glorious D purposeful A accident B courageous C dangerous D character A accordance B various C balcony D technical A telephone B photograph C accurate D important A romantic B illusion C description D incident A bankruptcy B successive C piano D phonetics A designer B origin C history D quality A capital B construction C announcement D eventful A apartment B tradition C different D expensive A monitor B organize C following D inviting A accurate B discussion C sentiment D industry A probable B assembly C forgetful D decisive A damage B faster C regret D study A factory B reporter C actress D coverage A amazing B following C covering D finishing A because B become C beneath D beggar PRONUNCIATION Exercise : Pick out the word whose underlined and bold part is pronounced differently from of the other words A proofs B books C points D days A helps B laughs C cooks D finds A neighbors B friends C relatives D photographs A snacks B follows C titles D writers A streets B phones C books D makes A cities B satellites C series D workers A develops B takes C laughs D volumes A phones B streets C books D makes A proofs B regions C lifts D rocks 10 A involves B believes C suggests D steals 11 A remembers B cooks C walls D pyramids 12 A miles B words C accidents D names 13 A sports B plays C chores D minds 14 A nations B speakers C languages D minds 15 A proofs B looks C lends D stops 16 A dates B bags C photographs D speaks 17 A parents B brothers C weekends D feelings 18 A chores B dishes C houses D coaches 19 A works B shops C shifts D plays 20 A coughs B sings C stops D sleeps Exercise 2: Pick out the word whose underlined and bold part is pronounced differently from of the other words A failed B reached C absorbed D solved A invited B attended C celebrated D displayed A removed B washed C hoped D missed A looked B laughed C moved D stepped A wanted B parked C stopped D watched A laughed B passed C suggested D placed A believed B prepared C involved D liked A lifted B lasted C happened D decided A collected B changed C formed D viewed 10 A walked B entertained C reached D looked 11 A watched B stopped C pushed D improved 12 A admired B looked C missed D hoped 13 A proved B changed C pointed D played 14 A helped B laughed C cooked D intended 15 A smoked B followed C titled D implied 16 A coughed B phoned C booked D stopped 17 A talked B looked C naked D worked 18 A developed B ignored C laughed D washed 19 A phoned B stated C mended D old-aged 20 A clapped B attracted C lifted D needed Exercise 3: Pick out the word whose underlined and bold part is pronounced differently from of the other words A) nurse B) films C) stops D) coughs A) artificial B) distance C) centre D) cells A) designer B) zoo C) Switzerland D) tables A) although B) width C) thump D) thank A) thought B) tough C) bought D) fought A) raised B) talked C) watched D) laughed A) homeless B) done C) become D) month A) hidden B) minor C) written D) kitten A) many B) lamb C) handle D) camera 10 A) there 11 A) occupy 12 A) accident 13 A) private 14 A) instruction 15 A) necessarily 16 A) basic 17 A) worry 18 A) mile 19 A) relaxed 20 A) picked 21 A) women 22 A) food 23 A) property 24 A) much 25 A) particular 26 A) Africa 27 A) cat 28 A) respect 29 A) good 30 A) brain 31 A) forget 32 A) easy 33 A) prepare 34 A) pleasant 35 A) child 36 A) threaten 37 A) English 38 A) main 39 A) preserve 40 A) nightmare 41 A) heart 42 A) fear 43 A) cost 44 A) nation 45 A) enough 46 A) phoned 47 A) can 48 A) enough 49 A) machine 50 A) wants 51 A) surface 52 A) chew 53 A) chat 54 A) teach 55 A) cow 56 A) case 57 A) oxygen 58 A) count 59 A) complete 60 A) rhinoceros 61 A) involved B) appear B) puppy B) success B) irrigate B) shrub B) mechanic B) erosion B) infer B) militant B) mounted B) considered B) bench B) good B) access B) number B) park B) access B) certain B) send B) book B) lamb B) open B) seat B) engine B) health B) chill B) breath B) Africa B) certain B) sack B) care B) earn B) near B) most B) vase B) account B) called B) cell B) courage B) cheap B) books B) necklace B) news B) sad B) meet B) low B) age B) slowly B) amount B) object B) habitat B) decided C) wear C) ready C) accurate C) guidance C) eruption C) exception C) loose C) dirtying C) smile C) collected C) stayed C) lend C) look C) possession C) cut C) smart C) ache C) cook C) set C) use C) comb C) popular C) learn C) invention C) breath C) chemistry C) health C) Chinese C) complain C) reason C) Are C) heard C) clear C) hot C) nature C) surround C) cooked C) call C) encounter C) teacher C) stops C) face C) crew C) state C) feather C) how C) carry C) healthy C) mountain C) defend C) vehicle C) explained D) prepare D) study D) accept D) environment D) supply D) apprentice D) recycle D) fertilizer D) kind D) needed D) received D) spend D) blood D) American D) put D) hard D) man D) Canadian D) then D) sugar D) climb D) font D) eat D) electricity D) breathe D) teacher D) breathe D) America D) explain D) poison D) share D) learn D) pear D) lot D) grade D) outdoor D) climbed D) cold D) nourish D) child D) sends D) palace D) screw D) map D) seat D) round D) vapour D) supply D) course D) prevent D) whale D) swallowed LESSON 2: SENTENCE’S STRUCTURE – PARTS OF SPEECH – CLAUSES Bài 2: Cấu trúc câu - Từ loại – Mệnh đề I, Sentence’s structure – Cấu trúc câu 1, Main clauses – Mệnh đề - Bao gồm S + V (trừ mệnh đề mệnh lệnh) (động từ động từ thường to be) 2, Other clauses – Mệnh đề phụ - Bao gồm mệnh đề trạng ngữ, mệnh đề quan hệ * mệnh đ ề danh ngữ (ch ương trình trung h ọc ph ổ thơng) II, Từ loại cách phân biệt Cách nhận biết từ loại dựa vào tiền tố hậu tố (đối với phần lớn t bản): a Cánh nhận biết danh từ: danh từ thường có hậu tố sau: -TION/ -ATION prevention, invention, preservation, conservation, information -MENT development, employment, disappointment, instrument -ENCE/-ANCE existence, difference, importance -NESS richness, happiness, business -ER (chỉ người) teacher, speaker, worker, writer, singer -OR (chỉ người) sailor, inventor, visitor, actor, editor -IST (chỉ người) physicist, typist, biologist, chemist, guitarist -AR/-ANT/-EE (chỉ người) beggar, assistant, employee, interviewee -ING teaching, understanding, schooling, building -AGE teenage, marriage, passage, package, drainage -SHIP friendship, scholarship, championship -ISM (chủ nghĩa) pessimism, optimism, criticism, idealism (chủ nghĩa tâm) -(I)TY possibility, responsibility, reality, beauty, safety, variety (verb)-AL refusal, arrival, survival -TH width, warmth, strength, youth, truth, depth b Cánh nhận biết tính từ: tính từ thường có hậu tố sau: -FUL harmful, useful, successful, helpful, beautiful -LESS (nghĩa phủ định) homeless, careless, treeless (noun)-Y (có nhiều) rainy, snowy, sandy, windy (noun)-LY (có vẻ, hàng ngày giờ.ngày ) manly, friendly, motherly, yearly, hourly, daily -ISH foolish, selfish, childish (noun)-AL (thuộc về) industrial, natural, agricultural, musical -OUS poisonous, nervous, dangerous, famous -IVE active, expensive, attractive, progressive -IC artistic, electric, economic -ABLE countable, fashionable, comfortable, acceptable c Cánh nhận biết động từ: động từ thường có tiền tố hậu tố sau: Tiền tố ENendanger, enlarge, enrich (làm giàu), encourage (động viên) -FY classify, modify, satisfy -IZE, -ISE socialize, modernize, industrialize -EN widen, frighten, brighten, sharpen -ATE considerate, translate, nominate d Cánh nhận biết trạng từ: trạng từ thường có hậu tố -LY Ex: beautifully, carefully, suddenly, carelessly, recently Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ: - good (a) well (adv): giỏi, tốt - late (a) late (adv) lately (adv): trễ, chậm - ill (a) ill (adv): xấu, tồi, - fast (a) fast (adv): nhanh - hard (a) hard (adv): tích cực, vất vả, chăm hardly (adv): không Chức số từ loại (dựa vào vị trí để xác định loại từ): Các thành phần câu chính: Adj – N V – Adv (với vị trí tương ứng) + Bổ sung cho N Adj đứng trước N + Bổ sung cho V Adj Adv (V + Adv Adv + Adj) + Ngồi ý tình với prep (giới từ): N + prep + N (trước sau prep N) (trừ trường hợp V + prep Adj + prep) Eg: The color of a star depends on the heat of the energy it produces a Danh từ (Noun) Vị trí danh từ Ví dụ Sau tính từ (adj + N) They are interesting books Sau từ hạn định gồm: - mạo từ: a /an / the He is a student - từ định: this, that, these, those, every, each, … These flowers are beautiful - từ số lượng: many, some, few, little, several, She needs some water - tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, your, our, their, its, … Sau ngoại động từ (V cần O) She buys books She meets a lot of people Sau giới từ (prep + N) He talked about the story yesterday He is interested in music Trước V chia (N làm chủ từ) The main has just arrived Sau enough (enough + N) I don’t have enough money to buy that house b Tính từ (Adj) Trước N (Adj + N) Sau TO BE Sau: become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem … This is an interesting books I am tired It becomes hot She feels sad Sau trạng từ (adv + adj) It is extremely cold I’m terribly sorry She is very beautiful Sau keep / make The news made me happy Sau too ( be + too + adj) That house is too small Trước enough (be + adj + enough) The house isn’t large enough Trong cấu trúc: be + so + adj + that She was so angry that she can’t speak A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my, … + (Adj) + My new car is blue Noun Trong câu cảm thán: - How + adj + S + V How beautiful the girl is! - Wht + (a / an) + adj + N What an interesting film! c Trạng từ (Adv) Sau V thường Trước Adj Giữa cụm V Đầu câu trước dấu phẩy Sau too V + too + adv Trong cấu trúc V + so + adv + that Trước enough V + adv + enough He drove carefully I meet an extremely handsome man She has already finished the job Unfortunately, I couldn’t come the party They walked too slowly to catch the bus Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident You should write clearly enough for every body to read PRACTICE If you need an extra bed for your guest, you can use one of A our B us C ours D we Maryam was really by the beauty of Ha Noi A impressed B impress C impression D impressive Vietnamese people are very A friend B friendless C friendly D friendship That teacher is a (n) one His pupils like his sense of humor A amusing B amused C amusement D self- amused The children are playing in the schoolyard A happy B happiness C happier D happily I saw a lot of stamps on your table Are you a stamp _? A collecting B collector C collect D collection I want everybody to listen A care B careful C careless D carefully Maria’s English is excellent She speaks English A very perfect B perfective C perfectively D perfectly He to find a job but he had no luck A hardly tried B tried hardly C hard tried D tried hard 10 She sings very She is one of the best singers in our school A beauty B beautiful C beautify D beautifully 11 Be ! He is looking at you A care B careful C carefully D carelessly 12 Be ! He is looking at you A care B careful C carefully D carelessly 13 Ha Noi is a city A beauty B beautiful C beautifully D friendly 14 Mrs White is very She goes to the Church everyday A religion B regioner C religious D region 15 My uncle was a _He had a large collection of musical A music B musical C musician D instrument 16 New opportunities will emerge as the _ climate improves A economics B economic C economical D economy 17 Mom always _ us to discuss our problems A encourage B encouragement C encouraging D encouraged 18 He's a choreographer who has drawn _ from Javanese dance A inspired B inspires C inspiration D inspiring 19 The dragon _ the enemies of the Church A symbolizes B symbols C symbolic D symbolism 20 The problem is not _ to British students A unique B uniqueness C uniquely D unitary 21 It's a _ Italian restaurant There are a lot of delicious food at that restaurant A fashion B fashionable C fashions D fashionably 22 She presented her ideas clearly and _ A logically B logic C logical D logics 23 Nguyen Du is a famous Vietnamese A poem B poetry C poetic D poet 24 My uncle was a He had a large collection of musical instrument A music B musical C musically D musician 25 Jean cloth was made from cotton A complete B completely C completed D completing 26 It’s _to call anyone at night A convenience B inconvenience C inconvenient D convenient 27 The Ao dai is the Dress of Vietnamese women A beautiful B traditional C casual D traditional 28 , Aodai was frequently worn by both men and women A Tradition B Tradional C in traditional D traditionally 29 He finds his new shirt very _ It will be his favourite one A comfortable B comfortably C uncomfortable D uncomfortably 30 Many designers have taken from VietNam ethnic minorities A inspire B inspiration C inspired D inspirational 31 Ha Noi is a busy city A modern B modernize C moderned D moderning 32 She was really impressed by the of the city and by the of its people A beautiful/ friendly B beauty/friend C beauty / friendly D beauty/ friendliness 33 He drives very _ and has got two accidents this year A careless B carefully C carelessly D careful 33 She was having a rest when the volcano _ A erupted B flew C flowed D broke 34 Two hundred people died in that volcano A corruption B eruption C destruction D reduction 35 Tidal waves are the result of an _ shift in the underwater movement of the Earth A amazing B alternative C abrupt D unpleasant 36. are funnel-shaped storms passing overland below a thunderstorm A Earthquakes B Tropical storms C Hurricanes D Tornadoes 37 In 1995 , a huge earthquake struck Kobe city in Japan and caused severe _ A damage B destruction C shift D collapse 38 The earthquake _ the city at this morning A occurred B hit C swept D measured 39 Thousands of people were saved because scientists had them about the volcanic eruption A said B spoke C warned D talked 40 A tropical storm which reaches 120 kilometers an hour is called a _ in North and South America A typhoon B cyclone C hurricane D tornado 41 Ninety percent of earthquakes occur _ the Pacific Rim A around B at C in D about 42 The roof under the weight of snow last night A collapsed B fell C dropped D flew 43 A tornado looks like a big, dark _ coming from the bottom of a storm cloud A funnel B bowl C mushroom D cloud 44 Early warnings about tornadoes could save many A.lives B life C living D things 45 Yesterday a typhoon _ a coastal city in the country A hit B strike C.collapsed D predicted 46 People can know when a volcano will nowadays, can't they ? A break B warn C erupt D seek 47 A tropical storm is called a hurricane in North and South America when it _ 120 kilometers per hour A reaches B goes C gets D comes 48 A is a very large wave A tidal wave B tsunami C tornado D a and b are correct 49 A / An is a sudden strong shaking of the ground A snowstorm B tidal wave C earthquake D volcano 50 A _ is a tropical storm with strong winds A typhoon B tornado C volcano D tsunami 51 It was an…………day A enjoying B enjoyed C enjoyment D enjoyable 52 There is no that he has been here A evidence B evidential C evidentially D evident 53 The disease was thought to have in Africa A appeared B disappearing C disappeared D appearing 54 The man without trace A disappeared B disappearing C appeared D appearing 55 UFOs mean flying objects A unidentified B unknown C unable D unknown 56 Some scientists say that flying saucers might be people's A imagination B imagine C imaginative D imaginary 57 Imagine someday you would live without A electricity B electric C electrician D electrical 58 You must get a letter from the doctor that shows you are in perfect A health B healthy C healthful D healthily 10 PRACTICE - COMPARATIVES Choose the best answer The more she smiles , she becomes A more graceful B the most graceful C most graceful D the more graceful Hotels have developed …………………… restaurants A as rapidly as B so rapidly as C as rapid as D more rapid Can Tho bridge is the …………………… one in the South of Viet Nam A long B shortest C longest D longer Albert Einstein’s contributions to scientific theory were those of Galileo and Newton A important than B more important C the most important D as important as Impalas cannot move as cheetahs but they are more efficient runners A faster than B fast as C fast D are fast as Both are informative articles, but this one is A best B the best C most D better She is the ………… girl in our town A more beautiful B beauty C most beautiful D more beautifully The harder you learn A The better is your English B The better will be your English C The better becomes your English D The better your English will be Jim is the in his class A clever B cleverest C cleverer D more clever 10 Of the two shirts, this one is A the prettiest B the most pretty C prettier D the prettier 11 Your house is mine A as bigger as B many times as big asC much big as D not many times big 12 Last year it wasn’t as cold as this year A This year it is as colder than last year B This year it is colder than last year C This year it isn’t as cold as last year D This year it isn’t colder than last year 13 She is older than me A I’m more younger than her B I’m as younger as her C I’m more young than her D I’m younger than her 14 The test is not ………………… A as difficult as it was last month B so difficult as it was last month C more difficult as it was last month D Both A & B are correct 15 The Nile River is ………………… of all A longer B the longest C long D longest 16 we read, we know A The most/ the most B The more/ the more C Most/ most D More/ more 17 It gets Let’s go swimming A hot and hot B the more hot C more and more hot D hotter and hotter 18 Peter usually drives Mary A more fast B more fast than C more fast D faster than 19 The problem seems to be A more serious B more serious than C more serious as D more and more serious 20 Peter can not earn his wife A as many money as B as much money as C as many money than D as much money than 21 Prices get A high and high B highest and highest C more and more high D higher and higher 22 The more manufacturers advise, they sell A the most products B the products more C the more products D most products 23 a car is it is A The more expensive/ the comfortabler B The most expensive/ the most comfortable C The more expensive/ the more comfortable D The less expensive/ the more comfortable 24 Of the five students Mary is A more intelligent B the more intelligent C most intelligent D the most intelligent 25 Steel is than wood A more heavy B as heavy C heavier D more heavier 26 A super market is …………………… a shopping center A less convenient as B less convenient than C not so convenient than D the most convenient as 45 27 Viet Nam becomes …………………… to foreign tourists A more and most attractive B the more attractive C much and more attractive D more and more attractive 28 This car is …………………… than mine A less expensive B as expensive C expensive D not so expensive 29 Tim’s grades are …………………… than John A worse B worst C as bad D so bad 30 The …………………… we start, the sooner we will be back A early B earliest C earlier D more early Write the correct form of verb in the bracket I not speak English (well) as Minh Life in a countryside is (quiet) than in a city Which of these two pupils studies (hard) ? I have a (little) time for listening to the music than my husband He runs (fast) as his brother Which one is (high) , the building or the house? There are (few) boys than girls in my class She is my (old) sister Could you speak (slowly) , please? 10 This street is (busy) of all 11 They go to the movies (frequently) than their friends 12 Which is (good) novel on the shelf? 13 The "Times" is (important) newspaper in the city 14 Alice knows the teacher (well) than I 15 Nam has (much) money than Tan 16 It is (boring) film I've ever seen 17 He speaks English (well) of all 18 The last story wasn't (interesting) as the other 19 Who is (beautiful) in your class? 20 It is a little (warm) today than it was yesterday 21 He is one of (boring) person I've ever met 22 Gold is (precious) than iron 23 The Pacific is (large) ocean in the world 24 Ho Chi Minh City is the (large) city in Vietnam 25 Going on a trip is (interesting) than staying at home 26 Who is (good) , Minh or Nam? 27 Jack is big, but Fred is (big) 28 This exercise seems the (difficult) .in the book 29 Today, it is not as (cold) it was yesterday 30 Ann is pretty, but my uncle thinks her sister is (pretty) 31 They spent (little) money than they did last year 32 Jane is (clever) as Arthur 33 That movie was (interesting) than the one on television 34 We've (little) time than I thought 35 The life here is (busy) as the city life 36 The newcomer gets into the game (quickly) as we 37 Lan is (clever) and (pretty) than Lien 38 You're standing too (near) .the camera Can you move (far) away 39 Mary has (many) books as Sue 40 The city centre was (crowded) that morning as it usaully is 41 That was the (big) farm I've ever visited 42 Who among these milkmaids works (good) ? 43 You look (thin) Have you lost weight? 44 Health and happiness are (important) than money 45 I've seen many thrilling films but it's (thrilling) 46 This old machine is (powerful) than I thought 47 He dances the (beautifully) .in the village 46 a bit 48 The farmers have never had a (rich) harvest than that 49 Which is (difficult) , English or Maths? 50 The lessons are (interesting) and (boring) than some years ago 51 He is one of (boring) person I've ever met 52 Ann works (hard) than most of her friends 53 Please, don't go by plane It's much (expensive) than going by train 54 This flat is too (small) for two people We need something much (big) 55 There were only four of five passengers on the bus yesterday It was (crowded) than usaul 56 I am going to sleep on the floor It's just (comfortable) as sleeping in that bed 57 We were lucky to have one of (nice) room in the hotel 58 * The suitcase seemed to get (heavy) as I carried it along the road 59 What is (long) river in the world? 60 This watch is too (expensive) Have you got a (cheap) one? 61 It was one of (bad) experiences in my life 62 The sitting room is (light) and (comfortable) than the dinningroom 63 * The football match became (exciting, and exciting) 64 Of the four ties, I like the red one (well) 65 Today English is (international) of languages 66 John is much (strong) than I thought 67 Dick is the (careful) of the three workers 68 Sam's conduct is (bad) than Paul's 69 The teacher speaks English (fluently) than we 70 These boys are (ill-prepared) for employment than my children 71 These shoes are (little) expensive of all 72 He speaks English much (rapidly) than he does Spanish 73 Mary is (thin) of the three sisters 74 Harry's watch is far (expensive) than mine 75 Of the three boys, Harry is the (badly-bred) 76 * Thanks to the progress of science, human life is (good) .and (good) 77 * Bill is (lazy) and (lazy) 78 * Her story was (attractive) and (attractive) 79 * She becomes (beautiful) and (beaytiful) 80 * Dear Kate, Dave and I are having the (1-good) holiday of our lives! We are in Barbados, one of the (2-lovely) It is much (3-small) than Jamaica, but there seems to be (4-much) to than in Jamaica The people here seem to be (5-friendly) than those on other islands We are staying in the (6-modern) hotel I've ever seen It's large and cool, and many people think it's (7-good) .hotel on the island It's far (8-comfortable) than any of the other hotels, and it's even (9-big) .than the world famous Belton Hotel The (10-near) beach is (11-little) .than a hundred metres away, and so we can go swimming a lot It's really (12-good), and I wish you were here Love, Mike Rewrite the sentence, using comparatives Minh is taller than Nam  Nam Nobody in the class is as tal as Huy  Huy Jane cooks better than her sister 47  Jane's sister Tom is the best football player in this team  Nobody in this team Jack is younger than he looks  Jack isn't I don't spend as much money as you  You Nothing is faster than the speed of light  The speed of light His job isn't as difficult as hers  Her job is Yesterday the temperature was nine degrees Today it’s only six degrees  It’s …………………………………………………………………………………… 10 The journey takes four hours by car and five hours by train  It takes………………………………………………………………………………… 11 We were very busy at work today We are not as busy as that every day  We…………………………………………………………………………………… 12 Jane cooks better than her sister  Jane’s sister…………………………………………………………………………… 13 Tom is the best football player in this team  Nobody in this team…………………………………………………………………… 14 He learns more He becomes smarter  ………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 The wind is strong The rain is big  ………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 He reads a lot He knows a lot ………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 She eats a lot She becomes fat ………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 He plays video games a lot, He is stupid ………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 She sleeps a lot She becomes lazy ………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 We know more about the environment, we can protect it better ………………………………………………………………………………………… 21 This is the most delicious cake I’ve ever tasted I’ve………………………………………………………………………………………… 22 I’ve never met any more dependable person than George George is………………………………………………………………………………… 23 There isn’t anybody as kind-hearted as your mother 48 Your mother is …………………………………………………………………………… 49 LESSON 6: REPORTED SPEECH A STATEMENTS: How to change direct speech into reported speech: Form: S + said (that) + S + V S + told + O (that) + S + V Pronouns, possessive adjectives: Subject Object Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronoun I me my mine You you your yours He him his his She her her hers It it its its We us our ours You you your yours They them their theirs Verb tense: lùi (khi động từ tường thuật khứ) Adverbs of time & place: Direct speech Reported speech This That These Those Here There Now Then Today That day Yesterday The day before / the previous day Tomorrow The day after / the following day / the next day Ago Before This week That week Last week The week before / the previous week Next week The week after / the following week / the next week @ Notes: • Nếu động từ tường thuật tại, khơng lùi Ex: The farmer says, “I hope it will rain tomorrow.” The farmer says that he hopes it will rain tomorrow She says, “I’m tired now.” She says that she is tired now • Nếu động từ mệnh đề khứ đơn, ta phải đổi thì, đại từ, từ cụm từ thời gian, nơi chốn lời trích dẫn Ex: Judy said, “I will phone you tomorrow.” Judy told me (that) she would phone me the day after B COMMANDS: Form: S + told / asked + O + (not) to V Ex: “Hurry up, Lan” => He told Lan to hurry up “Don’t make noise in class, please!” => The teacher asked them not to make noise in class C QUESTIONS: Form: wh+ S + V S + asked + O if / whether + S + V Wh-Questions: Ex: “What time does the film begin?” He asked me what time the film began Yes-No Questions: Ex: “Have you seen that film?” He asked me if I had seen that film 50 PRACTICE – REPORTED SPEECH Nam said “I am told to be at school before o’clock” …………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week” …………………………………………….……………………………………………………………… Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks” ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………… The teacher said “All the homework must be done carefully” …………………………………………….……………………………………………………………… Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend” ……………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… Hoa said “I may visit my parents in the summer” ……………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… The teacher said “We can collect old book for the poor students” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… She said “She doesn’t buy this book” …………………………………………….……………………………………………………………… The boys said “We have to try our best to win the match” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Her classmate said “Lan is the most intelligent girl in our class” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 They told us “Our friends will get the award for their highest scores” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 He said “I will go to school by bus tomorrow” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Phong said “I need to learn more vocabulary” ………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… 14 His brother told him “You can use my computer today” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 Mai said “I can not go to the movies with you, Nam” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: YES/NO QUESTIONS) “Do you enjoy reading?” Phong asked Peter ….…………………………………………………………………………… “Does she like sports?” Hoa asked Lan … …………………………………………………………………………… “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” She asked Nam …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom ……………………………………….…………………………………………………………………… “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend ………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… “Did you go to Hue three years ago?” Tam asked Peter ……………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… She said to me “Can you speak Chinese?” …………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… “Will she be here for five days?” Tam asked Thu ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… 10 “Were you reading this book at o’clock last Sunday?” She asked Ba …………………………………………………………….……………………………………………… EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: WH-QUESTIONS) “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me ……………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… “How many people are there in your family?” She asked Lan 51 ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… Tam’s friend asked him “How long will you stay in England?” …………………………………………………….……………………………………………………… “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… The teacher said to Lien “What‘s your hobby?” ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… “How you go to the airport?” His friend asked him ……………………………………………….…………………………………………………………… “How much does this dress cost?” Lan asked Lien ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Ba asked Tam “How often you wash your clothes?” ……………………………………………………….…………………………………………………… “When will your father leave Vietnam for the USA?” Phong asked Thu …………………………………………………………….……………………………………………… 10 “How many books the students need?” The librarian asked myteacher ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………… Reported speech with to infinitive She said to him: “give me another glass of wine” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… She said to me: “bring me a book” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… Mother said to him: “open the window please!” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… He said to me: “shut the door after you” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… The captain said to them: “wait here still I come back” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… She told her: “take it and come with me” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… He said to me: “don’t come back before one o’clock” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… My mother told me: “don’t forget to look at the door” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… He said to his brother: “don’t open the window, open the door” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… 10 He said to the girl: “don’t sit on my bed, sit on this chair please!” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… 11 "Stop talking, Joe," the teacher said.→ The teacher told Joe ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… 12 "Be patient," she said to him.→ She told him ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… 13 "Go to your room," her father said to her.→ Her father told her ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… 14 "Hurry up," she said to us.→ She told us ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… 15 "Give me the key," he told her.→ He asked her 52 Lesson 7: PREPOSITIONS I PREPOSITIONS OF TIME: • On On Sunday (morning) / 25th April / New Year’s Day On holiday / business / duty / a trip / an excursion / fire / sale / a diet • In In April / 1980 In summer / spring / autumn / winter In five minutes / a few days / two years In the morning / afternoon / evening • At At o’clock / the weekend / night / Christmas At the end of / at the age of • From to From 1977 to 1985 • Since Since 1985 / Monday / o’clock • For For three days / a long time / one hour II PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE: • On On a table / a wall / a bus / a train / a plane / the floor / a horse / television / the radio / the telephone • In In a garden / a park / a town / the water / my office / hospital / a car In the middle of • At At home / work / school / university / the station / the airport / a concert / a party / a football match At 10 Pasteur Street • By By car / bus / plane (on foot) By accident / chance • For For a walk / a swim / a drink For breakfast / lunch / dinner IV VERB + PREP: VERB + TO VERB + FOR VERB + ABOUT - apologize to sb for sth - apply for - care about - belong to - care for - dream about sb / sth - complain to sb about sb / sth - pay for - think about - happen to - look for - hear about: be told about - introduce to - wait for - warn about - listen to - blame for - speak / talk to sb - leave for - write to - search for - prefer to - ask for - explain to - invite to VERB + ON VERB + OF VERB + AT - concentrate on / focus on - consist of - laugh at / smile at - depend on / rely on - die of - shout at - live on - take care of - look at / stare at / glance at - congratulate on - accuse of - point at / aim at - spend on - remind of 53 VERB + IN - succeed in - arrive in / at V ADJECTIVE + PREP: ADJ + TO - accustomed to - addicted to - harmful to - similar to / agreeable to ADJ + ON - keen on - dependent on ADJ + IN - confident in - successful in - interested in - rich in VERB + WITH - provide with - charge with VERB + FROM - suffer from / borrow from - save / protect / prevent from ADJ + FOR - available for - responsible for - famous for - late for ADJ + OF - afraid of / full of - aware of / tired of - ashamed of - capable of ADJ + WITH - equipped with - bored with - busy with - acquainted with ADJ + ABOUT - angry about - anxious about - worried about - excited about ADJ + AT - surprised at - quick at - bad / good at - brilliant at ADJ + FROM - different from - absent from - safe from 54 LESSON 8: SOME STRUCTURES Quá mà S + be + too + adj + (for O) to V Ex: He is too short to play basketball Đủ S + be + adj + enough + (for O) to V Ex: She isn’t old enough to drive a car mà S + be + so + adj + that + S + V S + be + such + (a/ an) + adj + N + that + S + V Ex: The question is so difficult that nobody can answer it It is such a difficult question that nobody can answer it S + V + so + many / few + Nđđsn S + V + so + much / little + Nkđđ S + V + so + adj + a + Nđđ số + that + S + V + that + S + V + that + S + V Ex: The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team He has invested so much money in the project that he can’t abandon it now It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors (= It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors.) Làm với To V/ V-ing + is/ was + adj (for O) It + is/ was + adj (for O) + to V S + find + it + adj + to V Ex: Learning English is difficult It is difficult to learn English I find it difficult to learn English Mất để làm It takes / took + S + spend / spent O + time + to V + time + V-ing Ex: It took her fifteen minutes to clean the floor She spent fifteen minutes cleaning the floor Để (mục đích) to V S + V + in order + to V so as + to V S + V + so that + S + V in order that Ex: I try to study to pass my next exam 55 I try to study so that I can pass the exam Bắt đầu làm từ S + began / started + to V / V-ing S + has / have been + V-ing + since / for It’s + time (khoảng thời gian) + since + S + V2/ed Ex: My mother began cooking for the party an hour ago My mother has been cooking for the party for an hour It’s an hour since my mother cooked for the party S + V (present perfect) … + time It is + time … + since + S + V2/ed Ex: I haven’t seen my father for one month It is one month since I last saw my father Đây lần… S + have / has not + V 3/ed It is the first time + S + have / has + V 3/ed Ex: I haven’t seen that man here before It’s the first time I have seen that man here 10 S + have / has not + V 3/ed … since (for) S + last + V (past) … when … The last time + clause + was … Ex: I haven’t heard him since August The last time I heard him was in August I haven’t seen him since I was a student I last saw him when I was a student 56 LESSON 9: SPEAKING @ WH - QUESTIONS: INTERROGATIVE WORDS MEANINGS EXAMPLES - What you study English for? What … for? - hỏi mục đích What + be + like? - What + … + look like? - hỏi ngoại hình What time / color / kind ? - hỏi giờ, màu sắc, loại Which…? - lựa chọn How…? - / phương tiện / cách thức - How you go to school? How much / many …? - - How many people are there in your family? o To get a good job - What is the weather like? o It’s sunny - What does he look like? o He’s tall and thin with blue eyes - What time is it? o It’s o’clock - Which you prefer, coffee or tea? o Coffee o By bicycle o Four people How old …? - tuổi - How old are you? o I’m 18 years old How far…? - bao xa - How far is it from here to the post office? o Two kilometres How long…? - - How long does it take you to go to school? o 25 minutes How often…? - thường xuyên - How often you go shopping? o Twice a month - Why you study English? Why…? - When…? - Where…? - đâu o Because I want to get a good job in the future - When were you born? o In 1993 - Where you live? o In Long Xuyen @ QUESTIONS & RESPONSES: TOPICS Giới thiệu chào hỏi Xin phép Yêu cầu QUESTIONS / EXPRESSIONS - Nice / Glad to meet you RESPONSES - Nice / Glad to meet you, too - How you do? - How you do? - Sure - May I go out? - Could you bring me some water? - Of course - Sure / Of course - Would you mind helping me? - No problem 57 Mời đề nghị Lời khen Lời chúc - Would you like to go for a walk? - Yes, I’d love to - How about going to the cinema? - That sounds great! - Let’s go to the cinema - OK Let’s that - Why don’t we go to the cinema? - That’s a good idea - I’m glad you like it - What a beautiful dress you’ve got! - Thank you for your saying so - How nice your house is! - That’s a nice compliment - Happy New Year! - That was nice of you Thank you Cảm ơn Xin lỗi - Thank you for helping me - I’m terribly sorry about… - I’d like to apologize for… - I’m having an English test tomorrow - Good news: Báo tin o I’ve passed the final exam! - It’s very kind of you to say so - The same to you - You too - It’s my pleasure (to help) - Not at all / You’re welcome - Don’t mention it / Forget it - That’s OK / alright - You don’t need to apologize - Don’t worry about it - No problem / Forget it/ It’s OK - Good luck! - Fantastic / That’s great! - Congratulations! - I’m glad to hear that - Bad news: o I have lost the job for two weeks - I’m sorry to hear that 58 Practice - SPEAKING A: “More coffee ? Anybody ?” - B: “………………….” A I don’t agree I’m afraid” B I’d love to C Yes, please D It’s right.I think A: “ Oh, I’m really sorry” - B: “…………………” A It was a pleasure B That’s all right C Thanks D Yes, why? A: “You look nice today I like your new hairstyle” - B: “………………………” A It’s nice of you to say so B Shall I? Thanks C Oh, Well done D I feel interesting to hear that A: “ A motorbike knocked Ted down.” - B: “ …………………… A What is it now? B Poor Ted! C How terrific! D What a motorbike! A: “ I have bought you a toy Happy birthday to you!” - B: “…………………” A The same to you B Have a nice day! C What a pity! D What a lovely toy ! thanks “ Peter : “ Do you feel like going to the cinema this everning ?” - Mary: “……………………………” A.I don’t agree.I’m afraid B.You’re welcome C.That would be great D.I feel very bored Laura: “ What a lovely house you have “ - Mary: “……………….” A.Of course not, It’s not costly B Thank you Hope you will drop in C I think so D No problem Hellen : “ Congratulations !” Jane : “…………….” A.What a pity B Thank you C I’m sorry D.You are welcome Linda : “ Excuse me ! Where ‘s the post office ?” - Maria: “………………… ” A.It’s over there B I’m afraid not C.Don’t worry D.Yes, I think so 10 Tom: “ How did you get there ?” - John: “ ………………” A Is it far from here ? B.I came here by train C.I came here last night D.The train is so crowded 17 Alice : “ What shall we this everning?” - Carol: “………………….” A Let’s go out for dinner B.No problem C.Thank you D.Not at all 11 A: “ Bye” - B: “………… ” A.See you lately B.Thank you C.Meet you again D.See you later 12 A: “ I’ve passed my driving test” - B: “………………… ” A.Congratulations! B.That’s agood idea C.It’s nice of you to say so D.Do you? 13 A: “ Would you like to have dinner with me ?” B: “……………….” A.Yes, I love to B.Yes, so I C.I’m very happy D.Yes,it is 14 A : “ How you ?” - B: “…………….” A.How you ? B.Not too bad C.I’m well.Thank D.Yeah,OK 15 David: “ You’ ve got a beautiful dress!” Hellen: “ ……………… ” A.I B.Thank you C.You,too D.Okay 16 Maria: “ I’m taking my end term examination tomorrow: Sarah : “……………… ” A.Good luck B.Good day C.good time D.Good chance 17 Hang: “ Thank for your help,Lan:” Lan: “ ………………… ” A.with all my heart B.Never remind me C.It’s my pleasure D.Wish you 18 What an attractive hair style you have got, Mary! - _ A Thank you very much I am afraid C You are telling a lie B Thank you for your compliment D I don't like your sayings 19 What a lovely hat you have! – Thanks …………… A that’s OK B I’m glad you like it C I don’t care D certainly 20 A: How’s life? – B: A Sure B Not too bad, but very busy C Very well, thank you D Pleased to meet you 21 A: “Thank you for the lovely present.” –B: “ _” A Go ahead B Not at all C Come on D I’m pleased you like it 22 A: “Thank you very much” - B: …………………… A.Not at all B.You are well come C.That’s all right D.All are correct 23 A:“You look nice in that red shirt.” - B: ………………………… A.It’s nice of you to say so B I’m interesting to hear that C.Oh,poor me D Am I? Thanks 24 A: Peter had an accident.he’s been in hospital for days” B: …………………………… A Poor it B Poor him C How terrific D Oh, Is he? 25 A: “Happy birthday! This is a small present for you” - B:………………………… A.What a pity B.How beautiful it is ! Thanks C.Have a good time D.How terrble! 26.A: “ Thank you for a lovely evening.” - B: ………………………… A.You are welcome B.Have a good day C.Thanks D.Cheer 59 ... in perfect A health B healthy C healthful D healthily 10 LESSON 3: VERB TENSE AND VERB FORM and clauses PART A: VERB TENSE Hình Thức Cơ Bản Của Động Từ Trong Tiếng Anh hình thức Khẳng định... back rows couldn’t hear anything Mai is ill today She can go to school The room is too dark I couldn’t see anything It was rainy yesterday We couldn’t go on the picnic 10 This soup is tasteless I... know, like, want, feel, think, smell, 3/ sau câu mệnh lệnh, sau câu hỏi love, hate, remember, realize, seem…, - At + mốc thời gian xác định khứ Vd: At this time last week, at this time yesterdday,