Environmental Assessment Report and Environmental Monitoring Plan

E1187 v4 LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH EAST ASIA Environmental Assessment Report and Environmental Monitoring Plan Prepared by: Dr Ngo Kim Chi, Center for Consultancy, Technological Transfer on Safe Water and Environment EA team leader August 2005 Executive Summary Introduction and Project Background 10 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT .10 1.2 BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE EA REPORT .10 1.2.1 Importance of the Project 10 1.2.2 Structure of the Report 12 1.3 BASES OF ASSESSMENT 12 1.3.1 Laws and Regulations .12 1.3.2 Technical Documents 14 1.3.3 Main Design Documents 14 1.3.4 Principles of Environmental Assessment 14 1.5 RELATIONSHIP TO FEASIBILITY STUDY 15 1.6 EA TEAM 16 1.7 ASSESSMENT SCOPE AND PERIODS COVERED 17 1.7.1 Assessment Scope 17 1.7.2 Periods Covered 17 1.8 ASSESSMENT FACTORS 17 1.9 ASSESSMENT CLASSIFICATION 18 1.10 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 21 1.11 ASSESSMENT FOCUS AND CATEGORIZATION 21 1.12 ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE .22 Policy, Legislation & Administration Framework .23 2.1 ORGANIZATIONS & ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .23 2.2 NATIONAL POLICY & STRATEGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 23 2.2.1 Main issues of environmental pollution in Vietnam 23 2.2.2 Main contents of environmental protection strategy of Vietnam 23 2.2.3 The main activities in implementing environmental protection strategy .24 2.2.3 The main activities in implementing environmental protection strategy .25 2.2.4 The Pollution Control Strategy of Vietnam_NPCS 25 2.3 WB REQUIREMENTS 27 Project description 30 3.1 PROJECT GOALS 31 3.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVES .32 3.3 PROJECT COMPONENTS 32 3.3.1 Description of Project components 32 3.3.2 Demonstration of livestock waste management technology 34 3.3.3 Policy development 35 3.3.4 Project Management and Monitoring .35 3.4 INDICATORS OF PROJECT SUCCESS 35 3.5 PROJECT AREA: HA TAY PROVINCE 36 3.5.1 Hatay province 36 3.5.2 Demonstration district - Thuong Tin district of Ha Tay province 36 3.5.3 Demonstration sites in Thuong Tin district .37 3.5.4 Demonstration manure management technology, Thuong Tin- Ha Tay 37 3.6 PROJECT AREA: DONG NAI PROVINCE 39 3.6.1 Bien Hoa City of Dong nai province .39 3.6.2 Demonstration sites in Bien Hoa city .40 3.6.4 Demonstration of manure management technology .41 3.7 PROJECT INVESTMENT .42 Description of Existing Environment 42 4.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, DONGNAI 42 4.1.1 Geography and Topography 42 4.1.2 Soil .43 4.1.3 Climate 43 4.1.4 Hydrology 43 4.1.5 Surface Water Quality .43 4.1.6 Groundwater Quality 43 4.1.7 Atmospheric Environment 43 4.2 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT, DONGNAI 43 4.2.1 Flora 43 4.2.2 Fauna 43 4.2.3 Nature reserves 43 4.3 SOCIO-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT, DONGNAI 43 4.3.1 Population 43 4.3.2 Cultural Background 43 4.3.4 Cultural Heritage 43 4.3.5 Infrastructure .43 4.3.6 Land Tenure and Land Ownership and Land use 43 4.3.7 Land use for livestock and crop 43 4.3.8 Labor source/Other Employment/Manufacturing Opportunities 43 4.3.9 Socio-economic Development Plan 43 4.4 NATURAL CONDITION OF HATAY PROVINCE 43 4.4.1 Geography and Topography 43 4.4.2 Soil condition 43 4.4.3 Hydrographic 43 4.4.4 Air quality of Ha Tay .43 4.4.5 Climate condition 43 4.5 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT OF HATAY PROVINCE 43 4.5.1 Fauna and Flora 43 4.5.2 Forest situation 43 4.6 SOCIO-CULTURAL CONDITION 43 4.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION 43 Public Participation /consultancy .43 5.1 CONSULTATION METHOD AND SUBJECT 43 5.1.1 Consultation with Family or Individual 43 5.1.2 Inter-agency and NGO Consultation 43 5.2 PUBLIC OPINION AND SUGGESTION 43 5.3 INFORMATION DISCLOSURES AND FEEDBACK 43 5.1.3 Information Disclosure Plan .43 5.2.2 Information on Public Disclosure 43 5.4 BENEFICIAL PARTICIPATION PLAN 43 Analysis of Alternatives 43 6.1 ANALYSIS OF “WITHOUT PROJECT” ALTERNATIVE 43 6.1.1 Lacking policy framework for livestock waste management .43 6.1.2 Current Status of livestock waste management 43 6.1.3 Environmental pollution caused by livestock waste .43 6.1.4 Complaints of habitants in pig production areas 43 6.1.6 Lacking manure management technology 43 6.1.7 Existing constraints with manure management technology 43 6.2 ANALYSIS OF “WITH PROJECT” ALTERNATIVE 43 Analysis of EA & Proposed Mitigation Measures 43 7.1 POTENTIAL SOURCES OF EFFECT .43 7.2 ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT & PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES 43 7.2.1 Flora and Fauna .43 7.2.2 Soil Disturbance 43 7.2.3 Acoustic Environment 43 7.2.4 Air Quality 43 7.2.5 Water Quality 43 7.2.6 Cultural Heritage 43 7.3 ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES 43 7.3.1 Lagoon System 43 7.3.2 Biogas production .43 Environmental Management Plan .43 8.1.1 Implementation Organizations 43 8.1.2 Role of PMO/PIU and Environmental specialist 43 Supervision Organization 43 8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 43 8.2.1 Monitoring Items .43 8.2.2 Monitoring Implementer 43 8.2.3 Monitoring Report System 43 8.2.4 Baseline Monitoring 43 8.2.5 Monitoring during implementation/construction 43 8.2.7 Monitoring Budget 43 8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING/INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING PLAN 43 8.3.1 Training Objectives 43 8.3.2 Training Courses .43 8.4 BUDGETS 43 Conclusions and Recommendations 43 9.1 9.2 10 MAJOR CONCLUSIONS .43 RECOMMENDATIONS .43 List of References 43 Annex A: TOR on EIA Annex B: EA team Annex C: Safe Guard Policy and Disclosure Information Annex D: Public Health and Animal Health assessment List of table: TABLE 1-1 PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION MATRIX FOR MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FACTORS OF LWMP .19 CAPACITY BUILDING 34 TABLE 3.1 LIVESTOCK POPULATION AND LAND USE IN HA TAY IN 2002 .36 TABLE 3.2 STATISTICAL DATA IN FIVE DEMONSTRATION COMMUNES - THUONG TIN DIST (2003) .38 TABLE 3.3 LIVERSTOCK POPULATION IN DONG NAI PROVINCE (2003)* 39 TABLE 3.4 TOTAL AREA AND PIG POPULATION OF BIEN HOA CITY .39 TABLE 3.5 STATISTICAL DATA IN FIVE DEMONSTRATION WARDS 41 TABLE 4-1 THE CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DONGNAI PROVINCE 2000-2003 43 TABLE 4-2 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RIVERS IN DONGNAI 43 TABLE 4-3 SURFACE WATER QUALITY IN THE PROJECT AREA IN DONGNAI PROVINCE 43 TABLE 4-4: LAND USE IN DONG NAI 43 TABLE 4-5 IMPORTANT NATURE RESERVE WITHIN THE PROVINCE 43 TABLE 4-6 THE POPULATION OF THE PROJECT DISTRICTS IN DONGNAI PROVINCE 43 TABLE 4-8 TYPES AND NUMBER OF LIVESTOCK FARMS IN DONGNAI PROVINCE 43 TABLE 4-9: LAND USE FOR CROP AND PLANTED AREA, YIELD OF THE CROP IN DONGNAI 43 EXISTING CONSTRAINTS 43 TABLE 6-1: LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND SOLID WASTE IN VIETNAM, 2002 43 TABLE 6-3: LIVESTOCK POPULATION OF REGION* 43 TABLE 6-4: LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DURING THE YEARS 1993-2003 AND THE PREDICTION 2005-2010 43 TABLE 7-1 ESTIMATED NOISE VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY 43 TABLE 8-1 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN, LWMP AT VIETNAM 43 TABLE 8-2 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR LWMP .43 TABLE 8-3 CONSTRUCTION AIR QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAM .43 TABLE 8-8 COST FOR ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING COURSE 43 TABLE 8-9: COST FOR TRAINING COURSE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL OFFICERS 43 TABLE 8-10: WORKSHOP ON PROJECT MONITORING AND EVALUATION 43 TABLE8-11 TOTAL COST ESTIMATION ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN (EMP) & EVALUATION AT DONGNAI, HATAY PROVINCES List of Abbreviations AHB BOD COD PMU/PMO CTC DO EA EC EIA EMP EMS EMD EP EPS VEPA FS IFA LWMP Masl MoARD PEMD/PEMO NPCS PC PLG PPMO SRV SEI MPI EPS TSS TSP WB TOR Animal Husbandry Bureau Biological Oxygen Demand Chemical Oxygen Demand Project Management Unit/Project Management Office Center for Consultancy & Technology Transfer on Water and Environment Dissolved Oxygen Environmental Assessment Electrical Conductivity Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Management Plan Environmental Monitoring Station Environmental Management Division Environmental Protection Environmental Protection Strategy Vietnam Environmental Protection Agency Feasibility Study International Fund Association Livestock Waste Management Project Meters above sea level Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Provincial Environmental Management Division/Office National Pollution Control Strategy Pollution Control Project Leading Group Provincial and district Project Management Office Socialist Republic of Vietnam Significant Environmental Issue Vietnam Ministry of Planning and Investment Environmental Protection Strategy Total Suspended Solids Total Suspended Particulates World Bank Terms of References Exchange Rate US$ 1.0 = 15840 VND (As of July 31, 2005) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Livestock waste management Project (LWMP), a GEF funded project, is an environmental project concentrating on livestock waste management manure recycling for agricultural development, and water protection The project was formally authorized by the GEF Vietnam in 2003 The project was proposed by the Government of Vietnam as environmental development project to seek for the financial support from GEF The total investment of project is US 5.5 million, of which US$ 2.4 million will be from GEF The proposed LWMP aims at improving the livelihood and health status of the livestock farmers in the project site in Dong Nai Province in the South and Hatay Province in the North through establishment of integrated and sustainable livestock waste management systems The project hopes to be viewed as a demonstration project and other interested parties could use project’s findings with regards to sustainable development of livestock production in their own development systems The project also aims at improving the overall living standards of farmers through improving cost effective methods of manure management, upgrading the quality of water resources and technological extension systems suitable for sustainable development of livestock sector, integrated with environmental protection The proposed project covers two densely populated provinces, Dong Nai and Ha Tay The two provinces have also highest density of livestock population in the country and are facing serious environmental pollution caused by rapid development of livestock production in recent years The annual average temperature in Hatay province is 22.30C, ranging between the minimum of 3.30C and maximum of 390C The average annual temperature in Dong Nai province is 27.00C varying from minimum of 24oC to a maximum of 28.6oC The average annual rainfall in Hatay province is 1900 mm, while in Dong Nai province it ranges from 1800mm to 2553mm Majority of precipitation occurs between June and October accounting for more than 60% of the annual precipitation The project provinces have a typical tropical climate with warm and sunny climate Long sunny days and high available degree-days provide a good climatic environment for agricultural and livestock production This environmental assessment report is prepared to satisfy relevant environment protection requirements of both Vietnam and the World Bank The project is classified as World Bank’s Category B project, requiring discussion of significant environmental issues and preparation of an environmental management and monitoring plan (EMP) During environmental impact assessment, the production system is upheld as the mainstream while ecotypes serve as reference In association with the river basin distribution in both provinces, the overall environmental impact of the project is assessed; especial emphasis is given to the assessment of impacts to water resources on which the sustainable development of the project depends The results of environmental impact assessment indicate that, in general, the proposed livestock waste management project in Vietnam has minimal negative environmental impact The implementation of subcomponents of the project, if successfully implemented, is conducive to the improvement of the environment, and the project impacts on social environment are believed to be highly positive If the recommended mitigation and control measures, presented in this report are adopted, the impact of the project on the environment should be positive It is recommended that the World Bank and relevant departments in Vietnam support the implementation of this project and urge the earliest start of the project However, if the project locations are improperly selected, and/or if the proposed mitigation measures are not implemented, the project can have potential negative impact on the natural and social environment, which might jeopardize sustainable development of the project On the other hand, if effective mitigation measures are implemented, the potential short and long term negative environmental impacts of the project will not be significant The negative impacts on the environment during implementation/construction phase of the project in both provinces are believed to be temporal and of low magnitude The major potential impacts on the environment include: impact to vegetation due to temporary land occupation at the construction sites, pollution of waste of daily life at the construction site and noise and dust of the construction machinery If the mitigation measures proposed in the EA report are implemented, the negative impact to the environment during implementation/construction phase will be minimized For most parts, implementation of the project should not cause any significant negative impact on the environment; on the contrary, it should generate positive impact on the ecological and social environment during project operation The development of code of practice and conducive policies on livestock waste management (regulation on discharge of effluent, collection of the manure guideline, etc.) and dissemination of knowledge on cost effective preparation of organic manure, adaptive methodology on recycling (quantity and timing) of organic (livestock) solid and liquid manure in agricultural activities, etc are believed to assist the reduction of nutrient loading and environmental pollution pressure due to livestock waste The improvement of manure management practices by using biogas digesters should have positive benefits by creating the energy source and should better quality of ecological environment within project areas At present manure management technologies used in the project areas, especially in livestock production areas dominated by farmer households and small-scale farms with 10 heads of animals or less are inappropriate and are causing significant negative impact on natural resources (soil, water and air) The problem is more serious in the Red River Delta where the land per farmer is only about 0.02 (including house and garden) and the natural system is suffering from significant nutrient overload The cost-effective manure management technologies that will be created by the project, if successfully implemented, should have significant positive impact on the ecological system within the project and to downstream water users If the project is implemented as planned, project activities including capacity-building, awareness-raising, enforcement of policies and regulations through training of central and local government officials as well as farmers, and the development of national communication programs will generate positive impact to the ecological and social environment The introduction of improved manure management practices should be environmentally beneficial and should provide a condition, conducive of bettering the ecological environmental quality within project areas It should also improve health status of local communities and reduce incidence of zoonotic diseases The respiratory diseases and water borne diseases should also be reduced Since rational use of organic composting will reduce chemical fertilizer application, this should also produce positive impact on environment by improving soil inherent fertility, soil structure, and water holding capacity In addition, the use of organic manure should increase soil faunal communities (both in number and variety), helping soil improvement and increased micro-faunal biodiversity In order to minimize potential negative environmental impacts and to enhance positive impacts, the EA report proposed prevention/mitigation measures in Chapter to minimize potential environmental impacts In addition an environment management plan is prepared and is detailed in Chapter 8, in which the responsibilities of the Project Management Unit and other related institutions, environment management training and capacity building requirement and environment monitoring plan and their respective costs have been clearly detailed INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT BACKGROUND Vietnam Government has prepared for the proposed GEF project for support to promote Livestock Waste Management in Vietnam and integrating with the livestock waste management in the South East Asia in order to reduce the negative local and global environmental impacts of rapidly increasing livestock production in the watersheds in the coastal areas of Vietnam The Project has been designed in order to lead to reduction of land-based pollution from livestock production of the international water of the South China Seas The Livestock Waste Management Project in Vietnam, covering the two Regions of Vietnam with 02 representative provinces: Ha Tay Province in the North and Dong Nai Province in the South that hereafter is called project provinces are the two selected site for the demonstration of the outcome of the Project 1.1 Purpose of the Report The proposed Livestock Waste Management Project in Vietnam (LWMP) aims at improving and supporting an integrated and comprehensive approach to managing and reducing livestock production waste load that is currently polluting the local and international waters, and to strengthen institutional capacity and decision-making systems for livestock management at the central and provincial levels in Vietnam The achievement of these objectives should lead to reduction of liquid and soil pollution, leading to improvement of public health and a more equitable distribution of benefits generated from the rapidly growing livestock production The project will create greater economic and social stability in the project areas as well as enhancing institutional tools for the project-selected areas and the whole country to implementation the Environmental Protection Plan The aims of this EA report include: (i) To analyze and assess present natural environment and the socio-economic conditions in the project area and determine the scope and extent of future positive and negative impacts The implementation of the project is reviewed and examined in terms of environmental protection; (ii) To determine the potential environmental impacts and to disseminate the findings to the project development and implementation teams; and (iii) To prepare mitigation measures to reduce/eliminate the identified negative impacts and prepare an environmental management plan (EMP) for pre-implementation, implementation/construction and operation of the project The terms of reference (TOR) for compilation of the EA report between the Technical Consultant Organization here called FAO and the Local Consultant on EA is presented in Annex A 1.2 Brief Introduction to the EA Report 1.2.1 Importance of the Project Livestock growth rate has been increasing rapidly in the period of 1990-2003 The total amount of pig in the whole country has increased from 10 to 12.2 millions in ten years (1980-1990), an increase of about 18% However the number of pigs reached 20.2 millions in 2000, an increase of some 39%, doubling of rate of animal increase in a 10 ANNEX B: LIST OF THE EA TEAM Name Organisation Position Time Dr Ngo Kim Chi CTC months Master Hoang Viet Yen Hanoi Environmental Co Eng Do Huu Kien CTC Master Le Van Anh CTC Eng Pham Tien Dat CTC Eng Nguyen Phuong Loan CTC Eng Trinh Hai Tuan CTC Team leader EMP elaboration Project site description Public consultancy Project description Mitigation Solution Legal and Policy aspect Information about project site Analyse the impact, alternative solution Information on project site Analytical work, standard, water quality Collection of the data, pubic disclisure 129 months months months months months months ANNEX C: SAFEGUARD ISSUES VIETNAM: LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT D Summary of Environmental Impacts and Environment Management Plans Background The GEF Vietnam with support of FAO and WB and guidance from independent international and national consulting specialists, carried out the consolidated Environmental Assessment (EA) of the proposed LWMP Project in accordance with Vietnam Regulation and procedures The TORs and various draft versions EAs were reviewed and discussed in detail during project preparation with the international EA team and national one The draft English version EA documents were submitted to the NSC in mid Agust 2004 and will be reviewed during appraisal mission in December 2004 The revised EA report, EA Summary and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) were submitted to the International EA experts on 19 August, 2004 and found to be satisfactory The EA documentation was sent to the NSC in 1st September, 2004 During the EA preparation, local people were consulted at 03 time in the Hatay province and twice in Dong Nai Province, and their opinions have been reflected in the project design and environmental mitigation measures as appropriate Brief Project Description The LWMP includes the following components for which EAs have been completed: PC1 LWM Technology demonstration PC2: Policy development PC3: Project management, monitoring and evaluation Baseline Environmental Conditions (see chapter for information of Dongnai and Hatay province) Alternative Analysis Alternatives were considered during the preparation of the feasibility studies, with the objective of minimizing the environmental impacts of each component See chapter 6, Environmental Benefit 130 The project will bring positive environmental impacts This project has been designed to induce adverse extensive development of pig production The present environmental problems are serious and the sanitary improvement is necessary for current needs and to mitigate current problems Future problems without the project would become even more critical The biogas digester and its wastewater will be collected and treated from communes of Thuong Tin district to remove pollutants, expressed as CODCr, BOD5, NH3-N, and TP, which will improve the quality of the receiving surface waters in the Nhue River On the other hand, the solid manure will be properly fermented and apply for the land or fish pond application The same positive results when the project will be carried out in Bien Hoa City, Dongnai province Potential Environmental Impacts/risks and Mitigation Measures Construction phase The project components of LWMP will potentially cause shortterm impacts, such as dust, noise, traffic conjunction and soil erosion However, those impacts are relatively minor and a series of mitigation measures have been planned to reduce the impacts to acceptable levels Details of mitigation measures and the monitoring program that mitigation measures are to ensure effective implementation and responsibilities are provided in the EA and the EMP The PPMO will have an ongoing responsibility to track and report the monitoring work of all the PIUs, in addition to its own direct monitoring activities In order to ensure that the mitigation measures are effectively carried out, “mitigation monitoring” procedures have been established and the organizations to be responsible for this monitoring have been designated Operation phase Some longer-term environmental impacts/issues, which may be appeared, have been identified, such as noise from air blower or sludge generated from WWTP However, many of the concerns have been addressed in the course of the design of the facilities According to the design, the sludge generated in the WWTP will be digested, or transported to landfill or land application Details of mitigation measures, their location, time frame and the responsible agencies for their implementation and supervision have been provided in the EMP The EMP covers such areas as surface and ground water management Environmental Management Plan An EMP will be established in the PMO/PPMO to implement the EMP, and will be staffed with at least one part time environmental officer in each demonstration sites PMO/PPMO staff will be trained on environmental regulations, their application, environmental management, pollution control, mitigation measures, monitoring, progress reporting An environmental specialist from the supervision consultant team will ensure that construction is done in an environmentally sound manner 131 The two project province strong commitment to the EA was demonstrated by the careful adherence to advice provided by the consultants and Bank and FAO missions during the preparation of the EA and its approval The environmental management structure is shown below Environmental Management Units Names Responsibilities Remarks Acredit consultant or lab and local EMS Designing and environmental management in the construction period An environmental specialist for execution of management and monitoring plans An environmental specialist to assist environmental experts of the project office The Environmental Management staff of PMO/PPMOs Execution and management of environmental protection measures in the construction period Supervision Environmental aspects will be supervised four time a year during the implementation period Quarterly project progress reports furnished by the PPMO will include environmental monitoring reports, as per the formats in the EMP Supervision of DoNRE and PMO/PPMOs Names DoNRE PMO/PPMO Responsibilities Supervision of execution of environmental laws, regulations and management, etc Coordination of environmental management among various department; Check and approval of environmental monitoring report; Final environmental acceptance of construction project Assistance the provincial bureau supervision work; Check and approval of environmental monitoring report; Equipment and Training Requirements In order to ensure the implementation of measures, management and monitoring plans described above, environmental protection training is important for the better knowledge of environmental impact and timely response to accidents The training program covers: environmental laws and regulations, environmental standards, project-related environmental science, attention-getting problems of and control measures, environmental management, etc The capital budgets prepared for EMP component projects include an allowance for necessary laboratory sampling tools An allowance for testing and environmental monitoring costs to be incurred by the utility is also included in the operations budget for the project Funding Arrangements and Schedule of Implementation A budget plan and 5-year implementation schedule are a part of the EMP The costs of mitigating the impacts from construction will be covered in the costs of facilities Environmental monitoring (air 132 quality, water quality, noise, worker health, site safety/hygiene) would be carried out by the PPMO-arranged expert, and financed within TA References to the Mitigation Plans in the Project Legal Agreement As the negative environmental impacts during construction are minor, no special legal covenants or conditionalities are envisaged, except for the standard conditionality on implementing the EMP Monitoring A detailed list of environmental performance indicators such as air quality, water quality, noise level, together with where/when to be monitored, and the agencies responsible for their monitoring are listed in the EMP The PMO/PPMO will have an ongoing responsibility to track and report the monitoring of mitigation measures of all the identified agencies The agencies responsible for environmental monitoring are: Name Responsibilities Designing monitoring and environmental management in the construction period Execution and management of environmental protection measures in the construction period Environmental monitoring during construction and operation PPMO/Expert/Lab/EMS The Environmental Expert Consultant/Lab Public Consultation and Information Disclosure Public Consultation There have been many meetings during the project preparation phase of LWMP with local communes to discuss the proposed projects and environmental assessments These meetings have occurred at least four times and have resulted in full collaboration with local officials and community and full support of the project and the EA process The many meetings with public officials in the 02 provinces showed that these projects are extremely positive and well received by the public and help the commune to reduce the bad impact of the livestock manure Information Disclosure Public announcements about the project and EA report on local network, as well as in the library of MONDRE, DONRE and districts with the copies available These announcements informed the public of the address of the two provincial DONRE and districts where the EA were inspected and commented on and made availables for the public in case they may need They also provide contact telephone numbers where information can be obtained 133 Below are the summary tables of public consultation activities Substance By whom and with whom When Interview during field social economic survey and first public meetings Local residents, village committees, Component EA team, officers of DoNRE EA TOR consultation Where April to August, 2004 What World Bank Requirements Hatay province, Thuong Tin district communes Environmental policies awareness, collection of information from local government agencies OP 4.01, OP 4.12 EA team, local residents End FebruaryAugust, September, Hanoi, Hatay, Dong nai 2004 Distribution of questionnaires (80 copies) and key EA points OP4.01: consultation during TOR stage (their work done before OP requirement) EA consultation EA team, local residents and enterprises to be affected February- October, 2004 Hanoi, Hatay, Dong nai Distribution of questionnaires (80 copies) and feedback concerns of public to environment issues OP4.01: further consultation with PAPs and NGOs prior to finalization of draft report Final EA consultation Local residents living along Mid July, 2004 the river bank, resident living on Yangmei Islet, HEPRI (consolidated EA) team, Zhuzhou-UDIC Hanoi, Hatay, Dong nai Visiting and discussion with people involved to further solicit comments and suggestions; Distribution of project information and draft EA in second public meetings OP4.01: further consultation with PAPs and NGOs prior to finalization of draft report Final EA International expert and NSC, DoNRE Jul-Aug 2004 May, 2005 Project areas Soliciting comments, suggestions OP 4.12 LWMP Disclosure of Information Project site LWM Phase People committee of Hatay province, PPC of Thuong tin and communes in Thuong tin district People committee of Dong Nai province, PPC of Bien Hoa City and communes in Bien Hoa City Agencies in line with Environment and Animal husbandry, Rural development, local districts 134 2004.7.31 Mailing WB Policy Mailing and requirement for response BP17.50 Mailing and requirement for response 2005.30.4 Mailing and requirement for response List of the Agencies to be contacted for information of EA report Person to contact Mr Pham The Bao Dr Nguyen Xuan Nguyen Mr Pham Van Tinh Mr Le Xuan Sanh Dr Le Hoang Lan Master Nguyen Thi Nhan Mr Hoang Dai Tuan Dr Pham Hong Hai Dr Le Van Cat Dr Nguyen Mai Phuong Master Nguyen Khanh Mr Nguyen Van Duc Mr Nguyen Van Thu Mr Nguyen Van Hon Mr Nguyen Van Hung Ms Nguyen Thi Thuy Mr Nguyen Van Quang Mr Nguyen Quang Huy 10 Dr Nguyen Anh Tuan 11 12 Dr Nguyen Van Chin Dr Dang Kim Chi 135 Organization National Steering Committee for safe water supply and sanitation Institute for Animal Husbandry Environmental Protection Agency Vietnam Academy for Science and Technology Institute of chemistryVietnam Academy for Science and Technology DoNRE of Hatay Time February to August, 2004 DoNRD of Dong Nai February to August, 2004 Dong Nai EMS Ex Director of Hanoi Composting Plant Instute of Epidemiology July, 2004 February to August, 2004 February to August, 2004 May, 2004 June, 2004 DoNRE of Thai Binh province Institute of Environmental Science and Technology February to August, 2004 June 2004 June, 2004 February to August, 2004 ANNEX D: PUBLIC HEALTH AND ANIMAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT I GENERAL SURVEY The factors that affect public and animal health consist of Hygiene condition in livestock farms, Vaccination, Livestock waste management The most important diseases relative to livestock waste: - Zoonosis Food transmitable diseases Pathogens eliminate to manure, urine Risks( pathogens) transmit to animal and human by water, land, and feed Table Pathogens relative to livestock wastewater pathogen type eliminable transmitable E.coli microbe water, food Sal microbe Lep microbe Hogcholerae Virus A.suum parasite inter parasite parasite C.parium coccidia manure, waste manure, waste manure, waste manure, waste manure, waste manure, waste manure, waste causese of foodborn animal human + + + water, food + + + water, food - + + water, food - + - water, food - + + skin,mucous - + + water, food - + + Animal feed and antibiotic using in livestock farms 2.1.Animal feed Most of exotic pigs are fed with commercial mixed feed, other pigs of local breed are fed with what the farmers have or buy The ration for pigs of local breeds comprises of 55.5% of agricultural products (rice bran, wheat bran, corn, cassava), 42% of green materials (vegetables of various species, duck weed or banana trunk) and 2.5% of commercial mixed feed The duck weed has % dry matter and 4.8% nitrogen of dry matter The level of copper in pig ration is of 150-250 ppm and zinc is of 80-120 ppm FCR is 2.9 - for pigs of exotic breeds and 3.4 for crosses 90% of feed samples contaminated E coli at 102-103 CFU/g (Nguyen Van Thuong, 2000) Prevalence of Salmonella contamination in feed ingredients used by farms in HCMC and surounding provinces was also high, about 52-100% samples of fish meal and bone meal A examination of 80 mixed feed samples ( 50 samples were produced domestically and 30 samples were imported or were produced by cooparation with foreign company ), 50 fish meal samples, 50 bone meal samples (Tran Thi Hanh, 1997).The results showed that: 90% of mixed feed samples in country were contaminated E.coli, level of contamination 10 – 103 cfu/g While imported mixed samples were only contaminated 24%, level of contamination 40 cfu/g.To fish meal is 94%, level of contamination 2.34.102 cfu/g and bone meal is 86%, level of contamination 10 cfu/g 96% of mixed feed samples in country contaminate Samonella, level of contamination 1.525.10 cfu/g But imported mixed samples contaminate 46.7% with level of contamination 10 cfu/g Special, 80 – 82% fish meal and bone meal were contaminated Salmonella with level of contamination 1.94.102 cfu/g and 1.30.102 cfu/g 100% of fish meal and bone meal were contaminated C prefringens, from 1.24.104 cfu/g to 3.102.104 cfu/g 100% of domestic mixed feed samples were contaminated C.perfringens, level of contamination 1.12.10 cfu/g and 76% of imported mixed feed samples was contaminated with level = or < 102 cfu/g The National center for veterinary hygiene inspection II examined 127 mixed feed samples in Southern of Vietnam The results showed that: Only 27.5% samples were contaminated E coli, level of contamination > 1.10 cfu/g 37.79% of 136 samples were contaminated fungus with lever 4.28.10 cfu/g Among 127 samples, only 3( 2.36%) samples contaminate Furazolidon ( Furazolidon was not used in domestication) with level of contamination 0.2 ppb.(Nguyen Thi Hoa Ly) Table 2: Contaminated aflatoxin of poultry’s feed and argicultural products in Northern provinces (Dau Ngọc Hào, 1992) Sample have aflatoxin content Argicultural Rate of (ppb) Amount of products and mixed contamination samples 100 feed (%) 10 – 50 50 – 100 250 Corn and corn meal 10 70 Feed of layer 12 100 Feed of 12 74.7 cockerel and chick Fish meal 0 0 Bone meal 0 0 Rice 0 0 Table 3: Contaminated aflatoxin of argicultural products in Southern provinces (Le Van To and Tran Van An, 1994) Average aflatoxin Argicultural Average aflatoxin Argicultural content (ppb) products content (ppb) products millcake of peanut 1140 Ground-nut oil 05 Mixed feed 105 Soy-bean 25 millcake of soy Corn 225 10 bean millcake of coconut 55 White rice Rice bran 30 Bran 20 Fish meal 35 Cashew-nut 15 millcake of sesame 10 Wheat flour Most of agricultural products in South and North of Vietnam contain aflatoxin, especially corn and millcake of peanut Mixed feed for poultry and domestic animal also have high contamination of aflatoxin Because they were mixed by contaminated ingredients of aflatoxin.Aflatoxin of those products in the rainy seasons is higher than in the dry seasons Table 4: Contaminated aflatoxin of corn and millcake of peanut following weather (Tran Van An and et all , 1997) Aflatoxin content (ppb) Amount of sample Average Maximum The rainy millcake of peanut 17 1520 5000 Corn 18 240 750 The dry millcake of peanut 18 525 1660 Corn 13 120 450 The contamination of bacteria and fungus in poultry and domestic animal feed were reduced year by year.However, compare with standard of Germany, France and Hungary, 137 they’re still quite high So that managers and producers should have suitable process to produce safer mixed feed Commercial mixed feed samples which were produced in large companies were contaminated less than in small ones.The microbiology contamination rate (fungi and microorganism) of samples are different seasonally 2.2.Use antibiotic in animal feed In some mixed feed for different stages of production, which were produced by one private feed mill, tylosin was added at level of 110 mg/ton of feed, colistin 88 mg/ton, CTC 400 mg/ton and sulfamethazone 120-220 mg/ton Two or three antibiotics were used together Olaquindox is still used at 50 ppm by some farms A survey on antibiotic use of swine farms of different herd size in HCMC indicated the antibiotic use was mainly based on clinical signs and experience of breeders (64% of the sample) and on recommendation of drug factories (39%) The common antibiotics that were used are enrofloxacine, flumequin (quinolone), tylosin and colistin In 2001-2002 a survey on antibiotic use in small-scale swine farms of Tien Giang province indicated 74% farms used tetracycline and 12% used colistin The percentage of E coli strains resistant to tetracycline was 85% and to colistin was 26% Nguyen Thi Hoa Ly and et al studied on use of antibiotic from 01/12/2003 to 31/01/2004 at 19 broiler farms, 17 swine farms, and 15 dairy cattle farms the results showed that: at the broiler farms: There are antibiotic usually used such as encrofloxacine (84.20%), tylosin (45.36%), colistin (47.36%), flumequin (42.10%), and spiramycin (42.10%) There are antibiotics used widely at swine farms: penicillin (58.82%), oxytetracycylin (58.82%), tiamuline (58.82%), streptomycine (52.94%), gentamycin (52.94%), and tylosin (58.82%) In the dairy cattle farms, the only antibiotic was used highly is oxytetracyclin (86%).The survey also showed that, the use of antibiotic of farms based on clinical sighs and experiences of farmers Ban of antibiotic use in animal production was issued by MOET in 2002, including ban of chlroramphenicol, furazolidon and some derivatives of nitrofuran, demetridazole, metronidazole and dipterex Now quinolone is also ban 3.The quality water for animal Table Distant from livestock house to water source Water 20 17,68 60,29 27,09 65,46 Source: Agriculture and rural development Department A study of Nguyen Thi Hoa Ly and et al in 314 livestock farms of 12 provinces and towns of Eastsouthern and Westsouthern Viet Nam , 2002 The results indicated that more than 72% ( 267/314) of livestock farms use underground water , 21.9 % ( 69/314) use river water The well water were contaminated micoorganis, COD more and more yearly In 1999, 62 well water samples were examined , 9.67% ( 6/62) of samples were contaminated Ecoli, Streptoccocus feacalis In 2002, testing 102 water samples in Tien Giang, Vung Tau, Dong Nai, Long An, the results show that 17.6% ( 18/102) of samples were contaminated coliform 12.7% ( 13/102) Quality of underground water in the country is accepted unless some signs of pollution in underground water of Ha Noi, HCMC and Mekong basin due to overexploiting (MONRE, 2003) or due to near animal house Monitoring from Institute of Epidemiology in Highland region during 1999-2003 showed some contamination of surface water and underground water in provinces of highland region Regarding to chemical contamination, 44.87% of samples (669/1491) did not meet standards, in which 50.3% of digged underground water samples was contaminated, 28.5% of deep well water, and 50.9% of surface water In term of microorganism, 66.9% of samples (816/1218) showed the contamination, in which 85.3% of surface water was contaminated In AWI project (2003) supported by FAO, quality of ground water from some pig farms in HCMC and surrounding provinces were tested The results showed that no samples satisfied the standard for ground water COD (TCVN 5944:1995) Five out of eight samples in dry season and six out of eight samples in rainy season had numbers of coliforms in excess of the standards Samples collected from the same wells in rainy season showed more contamination than in dry season 138 Animal feed and drink are contaminated so that they often use antibiotic for animal That’s the cause of pathogen resistant and residuced antibiotic in animal products( meat, milk and egg) Contaminated meat According to the science report of Regional Animal Health Center in HCMC, 1999, indicator microorganism contaminated on fresh meat after being slaughter was very high In 69 examnined samples at slaughterhouse in 12 provinces (Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan, lam Dong, Dong nai, Binh Duong, Binh Phuoc, Vung tau, HCMC, Tien Giang, Long An, Ben Tre) showed the samples had enough safety and hygiene standard of food on Total aerobic only 42% and E.coli, S.aureus 25% A survey of Do Cam Dung, 2000, indicated 60/60 fresh meat samples examnied k at some market stands in HCMC did not come up to standard for food hygiene and food safety in which the samples contaminated TPC 100%, E.coli 98.33%, S.aureus 53.33%, C.perfringens 41%, B.cereus 21.66% and 10/24 samples accumulated antibiotic (Chloramphenicol, Sufamethazol) excessed Maximum Residue Limit According to Truong Thi Kim Chau, 2003, among 78 fresh meat samples took at slaughterhouse showed only 7/78 samples came up to safety and hygiene standard for food, in which on TPC 73/78 (93.59%), E.coli 68/78 (10.26%), S.aureus 73/78 (93.59%), salmonella 55/78 (70.51%) C.perfringens (92.31%) Survival and resistant of some pathogens in waste Samples taken from some stable waste water in Tien Giang, HCM city pig farms indicated 105 – 107 E.coli/ml; Salmonella posity 100% of samples, Ascaris suvum >90%, Trichocephalus is more than 95%, Fasiolosis buski 87.2% In 2003, testing 18 waste samples from pig farms in Tien Giang , Dong Thap, Table The result of testing waste samples in pig farms Pathogens E.coli Module Biogas (n=9) MPN/100ml Solid (3) Liquid (6) 1.8 x 104 4.5 x 106 Fish ponds (n=6) x 102 6.5 x 10 6.5 x 10 x 106 66.6 ND 83.3 66.0 33.3 ND 33.3 eggs/100ml 75.0 30 ND 50.0 eggs/100ml ND ND ND ND Coliform MPN/100ml ND 8.2 x 10 Salmonella (%) Post/50ml 33.3 Parasite ova %posity A suum F buski Compost (n=3) Nguyen Thi Hoa Ly and et al studies about the time survival of some microorganism and parasite ova The result showed in the table Table : the time survival of some pathogen types in the waste (day) Pathogens Ponds Biogas Compost E.coli 20 – 46 10 – 15 12 – 15 Samonella 16 – 29 – 16 – 10 Leptospira 16 – 25 - - A suum 32 – 66 30 – 42 22 – 53 Trichocephalus 20 – 36 12 – 15 12 -16 139 Studies of Lam Thi Thu Huong feaces and intestinal contents of 408 pigs in farms and slaughterhouses showed that cryptosporidium parvum was representing average 18.4% Pathogen cans transmite from ruminant to human Samples taken from some stable waste water in residential areas indicated 10 5-106 CFU E coli/ ml, 102-103 CFU Salmonella/ml (Nguyen Van Thuong, 2000) Samples from solid biogas tanks in some wine farms of My Van district (Hung Yen province) and Dan Phuong district (Ha Tay province) showed the presence of eggs of Ascaris suum, Trichocephalus suis and Fasciolopsis buski After waste treatment, the eclosion rate of the eggs was still high, A suum 64%, T suis 66% and F buski 54% In the AWI project (2003) samples of surface water were collected from various sites of effluent and streams in HCMC and surrounding provinces The effluent from biogas showed some contamination of E coli, Salmonella and parasite egg The problems were similar in water of upstream and downstream As testing compost samples at farms having accepted procedures (at least two-week incubation) , the results showed better treatment of microorganisms compared to biogas process However, coliforms were still found in high numbers in most samples, and E coli were detected in one sample (out of seven) in dry season and five (out of seven) in rainy season It seems that high temperature and low humidity of dry season help the sterilization in composting process to take place more effectively The results showed higher dry matters and lower numbers of microbes of dry-season samples Public health In the report of Ministry of Health in years 2000 – 2001 Viet Nam break out many food-borne cases, total number was 2,012,120 victim diseases, with 65 dead The diseases were vibriosis, salmonellosis, shigellosis and coccidiosis At the workshop on environment protection and sustainable development of Vietnam held in October of 2003, one report indicated the cost of 400 billions VND for treatment of millions cases infected by water-born diseases during years (Youth Newspaper, 29/10/2003) 1997 – 2000: occurence 1.391 recorded cases of food poisoning in which more than 25.000 people were poisoned and of which 217 persons were died Besides, the cases of food-borne infection were 4,2 million and of which 213 died The causing disease were vibriosis, salmonellosis, shigellosis, diarrhoea (Thanh Binh, International newspaper, No 16, 1925/04/2001) In the report of Ministry of Health, the cases of food poisoning were 19 in 10 provinces and cities in the country for months at the beginning of 2002 with 402 people be poisoned, luckily nobody died The causes were bacterial contaminated food (31.5%), non detection (10.5%), protective vegetable drug residue (57.9%) Comparison to 2001, there were 30 cases of food poisoning in which 962 poisoned and four died (Tien Phong newspaper, No.128, 27/6/2002).Occurence 2700 people were poisoned by food in 2003 and of which 28 died from the beginning of the year to October, 2003 (http://www.rfa/service/article.htmt) 2.6 Animal diseases Total of 708 ducks of varying ages including 406 field migrating ducks and 302 ducks raised in household garden in Thot Not dist Can Tho province found that prevalence of infestation was 74.43% The prevalence of trematodes was 60.02%, of the cestodes 61.01% and of the nematodes 40.96% Le Van Tao, 2002 investgating 276 thousands of poultry in Thanh Hoa province found that: the mortality from all diseases was 17.9% in total flocks Among them the one from Pasterellosis was 5.9% Hoang Manh Tam, 2002, studies comprised 537 blood pig samples found that 14.71% (Dong Nai province) of pigs were infected by 15 senovars leptospira A total of 106 E.coli strains isolated from diarrhoea of suckling pigs in Northern provinces of Vietnam, the result showed that there was tendency of high level of antibiotic resistance to some common antibiotics as Amoxillin 76.42%, Chlorampenicol 79.25%, trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazol 80.19% streptomycine 88.68% and tetracycline 97.17% (Do Ngoc Thuy 2002) Table Occurance (%) of some diseases in the cases of animal In 2001 Disease Red River Southeast 140 Mekong delta Average Pig Hogcholera 9.2 7.4 8.8 9.4 pasterellera 17 12.9 13.2 16.5 salmonellosis 15.6 16.6 15.9 15.6 lepto 5.6 1.8 0.8 4.1 internal parasite 9.9 11.1 13.1 13.1 Source: IFPRI, ASPS-Danida and ICARD, 2001 II THE RESULTS OF SURVEY IN THUONG TIN – HA TAY 2.1 Animal diseases in Thuong Tin Ha Tay livestock production in family farms, small size, scattered farms and when animal disease breakout, the farmers dont want to informate Subdepatement and Goverment about that because the reparative policy for sick animals disatisfatory so that they often treate themselft or sale off The date of subDepartement animal health is not really( lower than on fact) Table The infected rate of pig in Thuong Tin and villages diseases Red delta Ha Tay** Thuong Tin*** * cases (%) cases (%) Hogcholera 9,2 88 000 8,2 2450 2,6 pasterellera 17,0 16 8000 14,0 1955 2,1 salmonellosis 15,6 144 000 12,5 872 0,95 E.coli 121 000 11,0 3197 3,5 leptospirosis 5,6 39 000 3,6 2937 3,2 internal 9,9 130 000 12,5 9363 10,2 parasite A.suum 165 000 15,1 11475 12,5 source: * IFPRI, ASPS-Danida and ICARD, 2001 ** report of RAH in Ha Noi *** report of SDAH Ha Tay Table 10 The vaccination rate and infected rate of pig diseases diseases Vaccination Infected mortality The cost rate (%) rate (%) treatment (%) Time(day) Cost(1000 vnd) Hogcholera 85 2,6 70- 90 diet 200 - 500 Pasterellosis 82 2,1 -5 -5 30 - 80 salmonellosis 65 0,95 - 30 -10 40 -60 E.coli 3,5 - 13 -5 20 -50 leptospirosis 13,2 3,2 90% , gynaecology diseases 46,5 –47%, and interparasite 30 –33,2% III THE RESULTS OF SURVEY IN BIEÂN HÒA – ĐỒNG NAI 3.1 Animal diseases rate in Dong Nai Table 12 Animal disease rate in Bien Hoa district – Dong Nai Province Disease Mekong Dong Nai** Bien Hoa*** region* cases (%) cases (%) Hogcholera 8.8 6,3 1014 5,5 Pasterellera 13.2 9,7 1404 10,5 salmonellosis 15.9 14,2 2215 11,2 E.coli 15,7 2106 13,5 leptospirosis 0.8 4,8 421 2,7 Internal parasite 13.1 15,0 1170 7,5 A.suum 10,5 1576 10,1 Source * IFPRI, ASPS-Danida and ICARD, 2001 ** reports of RAHC in HCM city *** Report of SDAH Dong Nai Table 13 The vaccination rate, effected rate of pig in Bien Hoa – Dong Nai disease Vaccination Effected mortaity (%) The cost for rate (%) rate (%) treatement Time (day) cost (1000vnd) Hogcholera 85 2,6 70- 90 dieät 200 - 500 Pasterellosis 82 2,1 -5 -5 30 - 80 salmonellosis 65 0,95 - 30 -10 40 -60 E.coli 3,5 - 13 -5 20 -50 leptospirosis 13,2 3,2 60% Table 14.The number of infected people cases was discovered in Dong Nai province 142 Diseases Diarrhoea Shigella amip shig Salmonellosis Syphilis Gonorrhea Other diseases 2002 Bien Hoa Dong Nai 1876 20617 12 546 15 156 44 76 16 168 17449 2003 Bien Hoa Dong Nai 1437 11818 12 280 56 25 26 147 10404 2004 (04/2004) Bien Hoa Dong Nai 357 2705 83 21 - Sourse: Health Department of Dong Nai province IV Mitigation mesuares of livestock waste to public and aninal health - Organizing the training course for the farmers and local extension officers on the dose of using antibiotic, water protection and bio safety - Supply full information on animal epidemic and related deseases - Organise to database concerns to the public and animal health and water pollution situation - Use available technologies for waste treatment to mitigate the waste as such reed woods, hyachin - Applying manure management technology: biogas, anaerobic, aerobic treatment, lagon, composting… Introduced that the aerobic process can treat the pathogen germs better than anaerobic process References for annex D: Association of soil scienece, 2000 Vietnam soil Agriculture publisher, Ha Noi Bo Tai Nguyen Moi Truong, 2003 Hien trang moi truong Vietnam (MONRE, 2003 Current environment in Vietnam) 2.Bao cao nam 2002 2003 cua trung tam thu y vung TP HCM ( Reports of Regional Animal health 2002, 2003 ) 3.Bao cao nam 2002 2003 cua trung tam thu y vung Hanoi ( Reports of Regional Animal health 2002, 2003 ) 4.Bao cao nam 2002 2003 cua phòng dịch tễ Cục Thú y ( Reports of Departement of Animal health 2002, 2003 ) 5.Bao cao hàng tháng cua chi cục Thú y tỉnh Dong Nai, Tien Giang ( monthly reports of subdepartement of Animal health in Dong nai, Tien Giang ) Bui Van Chinh, Le Viet Ly, Nguyen Huu Tao and Nguyen Giang Phuc, 2002 Biogas technology transfer in small scale farms in northern provinces of Vietnam International workshop on Recent developments in recycling of livestock wastes through biodigesters and water plants (Eds T.R Preston and R Sansoucy), University of Agriculture and Forestry, HCMC, pp 12-15 wb11823 /storage1/vhost/convert.123doc.vn/data_temp/document/lwf1555139148-127619915551391484808/lwf1555139148.doc 143