www.it-ebooks.info Andrew Hudson Paul Hudson Ubuntu 7.10 Linux ® UNLEASHED 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA www.it-ebooks.info Ubuntu 7.10 Linuxđ Unleashed Copyright â 2008 by Sams Publishing All rights reserved No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein ISBN-10: 0-672-32969-7 ISBN-13: 978-0-672-32969-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is on file Printed in the United States of America First Printing: December 2007 Acquisitions Editor Mark Taber Development Editor Michael Thurston Managing Editor Patrick Kanouse Project Editor Seth Kerney Proofreader Water Crest Publishing Trademarks Technical Editor Dallas Releford All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized Sams Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of this information Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark Publishing Coordinator Vanessa Evans Warning and Disclaimer Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied The information provided is on an “as is” basis The author(s) and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the DVD or programs accompanying it Bulk Sales Sams Publishing offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales For more information, please contact U.S Corporate and Government Sales 1-800-382-3419 corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com For sales outside of the U.S., please contact International Sales international@pearsoned.com www.it-ebooks.info Multimedia Developer Dan Scherf Book Designer Gary Adair Contents at a Glance Introduction Part I Installation and Configuration Installing Ubuntu Post-Installation Configuration Working with Gnome 49 Command Line Quickstart 71 Part II 23 Desktop Ubuntu On the Internet 105 Productivity Applications 123 Multimedia Applications Printing with Ubuntu 171 Games 183 Part III 143 System Administration 195 10 Managing Users 11 Automating Tasks 219 12 System-Monitoring Tools 275 13 Backing Up 287 14 Networking 311 15 Remote Access with SSH and Telnet 355 Part IV Ubuntu As a Server 16 File and Print 365 17 Apache Web Server Management 391 18 Remote File Serving with FTP 423 19 Handling Electronic Mail 457 20 Proxying and Reverse Proxying 475 21 Administering Database Services 485 22 LDAP 513 www.it-ebooks.info Part V Programming Linux 23 Using Perl 525 24 Working with Python 547 25 Writing PHP Scripts 26 C/C++ Programming Tools for Ubuntu 599 27 Mono 611 Part VI 565 Ubuntu Housekeeping 625 28 Securing Your Machines 29 Performance Tuning 637 30 Command Line Masterclass 649 31 Managing Software 677 32 Kernel and Module Management 689 Part VII Appendixes 715 A Ubuntu Under the Hood B Installation Resources 725 C Ubuntu and Linux Internet Resources 747 Index 757 www.it-ebooks.info Table of Contents Introduction Licensing Who This Book Is For What This Book Contains Conventions Used in This Book Part I Installation and Configuration Installing Ubuntu Before You Begin the Installation Research Your Hardware Specifications 10 Installation Options 10 Planning Partition Strategies 10 The Boot Loader 11 Installing from CD or DVD 11 Step-by-Step Installation 12 Starting the Install 12 First Update 19 Shutting Down 21 Reference 21 Post-Installation Configuration 23 Troubleshooting Post-Installation Configuration Problems 24 The sudo command 25 First Update 26 Configuring Software Repositories 28 Installing Graphics Drivers 30 Changing Ubuntu’s Look and Feel 31 Changing the Desktop Background 31 Changing Colors 31 Modifying System Fonts 33 Changing How Menus Look 33 Visual Effects 34 Preferred Behaviors 35 Preferred Applications 35 Removable Drives and Media 36 www.it-ebooks.info vi Ubuntu 7.10 Linux Unleashed Input Devices 37 Keyboard Shortcuts 37 Keyboard Layout 37 Mouse 39 Detecting and Configuring a Modem 39 Configuring a Serial-Port Modem 39 Configuring WinModems for Laptops 40 Configuring Power Management in Ubuntu 41 Resetting the Date and Time 42 Using the date Command 42 Using the hwclock Command 43 Changing the Time and Date 43 Configuring and Using CD, DVD, and CD-RW Drives 44 Checking Drive Assignment 44 Configuring Wireless Networks 46 Configuring Firestarter 47 Reference 48 Working with Gnome 49 The Gnome Desktop Environment 50 Gnome: The GNU Network Object Model Environment 50 Eye Candy for the Masses 52 Basic X Concepts 53 Using X 54 Elements of the xorg.conf File 55 Configuring X 60 Starting X 63 Using a Display Manager 63 Changing Window Managers 66 KDE—The Other Environment 68 XFce 69 Reference 70 Command Line Quickstart 71 What Is the Command Line? 71 Navigating Through the File System 74 Managing Files with the Shell 76 Working with Compressed Files 77 Use Essential Commands from the /bin and /sbin Directories 78 Use and Edit Files in the /etc Directory 78 Protect the Contents of User Directories—/home 79 www.it-ebooks.info Contents vii Use the Contents of the /proc Directory to Interact with the Kernel 79 Work with Shared Data in the /usr Directory 81 Temporary File Storage in the /tmp Directory 81 Access Variable Data Files in the /var Directory 81 Logging In to and Working with Linux 81 Text-Based Console Login 82 Logging Out 82 Logging In and Out from a Remote Computer 82 Using Environment Variables 83 Using the Text Editors 87 Working with vi 88 Working with emacs 89 Working with Permissions 90 Assigning Permissions 91 Directory Permissions 92 Understanding Set User ID and Set Group ID Permissions 94 Working as Root 96 Creating Users 97 Deleting Users 98 Shutting Down the System 98 Rebooting the System 99 Reading Documentation 99 Using Man Pages 100 Reference 102 Part II Desktop Ubuntu On the Internet 105 Getting Started with Firefox 106 Choosing an Email Client 107 Evolution 108 Mozilla Thunderbird 111 KMail 112 Other Mail Clients 112 RSS Readers 113 Firefox 113 Liferea 114 Instant Messaging with Pidgin 114 Internet Relay Chat 115 Usenet Network Newsgroups 117 The Pan News Client Newsreader 119 www.it-ebooks.info viii Ubuntu 7.10 Linux Unleashed Videoconferencing with Ekiga 120 Reference 122 Productivity Applications 123 Introducing OpenOffice.org 124 Configuring OpenOffice.org 126 Working with OpenOffice.org Writer 127 Working with OpenOffice.org Calc 130 Office Suites for Ubuntu 135 Working with Gnome Office 136 Working with KOffice 139 Productivity Applications Written for Microsoft Windows 141 Reference 142 Multimedia Applications 143 Listening to Music 143 Graphics Manipulation 146 The GNU Image Manipulation Program 146 Using Scanners in Ubuntu 147 Working with Graphics Formats 148 Capturing Screen Images 150 Using Digital Cameras with Ubuntu 150 Handheld Digital Cameras 151 Using F-Spot 152 Burning CDs and DVDs in Ubuntu 154 Creating CDs and DVDs with Ubuntu’s Graphical Clients 155 Creating CDs from the Command Line 157 Creating DVDs from the Command Line 159 Sound and Music 161 Sound Cards 161 Adjusting Volume 162 Sound Formats 162 Viewing Video 164 TV and Video Hardware 164 Video Formats 167 Viewing Video in Linux 167 Personal Video Recorders 168 DVD and Video Players 169 Reference 169 www.it-ebooks.info Contents Printing with Ubuntu ix 171 Overview of Ubuntu Printing 171 Configuring and Managing Print Services 173 GUI-Based Printer Configuration Quickstart 174 Managing Printing Services 174 Creating and Configuring Local Printers 176 Creating the Print Queue 177 Editing Printer Settings 180 Reference 182 Games 183 Linux Gaming 183 Installing Proprietary Video Drivers 184 Installing Games in Ubuntu 186 DOOM 186 Unreal Tournament 2004 187 Quake 188 Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory 188 Battle for Wesnoth 190 Playing Windows Games with Cedega 190 Reference 191 Part III 10 System Administration Managing Users 195 User Accounts 195 The Super User/Root User 196 User IDs and Group IDs 198 File Permissions 198 Managing Groups 199 Group Management Tools 200 Managing Users 202 User Management Tools 202 Adding New Users 203 Monitoring User Activity on the System 204 Managing Passwords 206 System Password Policy 206 The Password File 206 Shadow Passwords 207 Managing Password Security for Users 209 Changing Passwords in a Batch 210 www.it-ebooks.info 798 resource usage resource usage, printing via top shell command, 669-671 RSS readers, 113-114 resources (PHP), 568 run-parts command, 231 restoring runlevels, 64, 220 Run() method, 619 files from backups, tar command-line backup software, 298 changing, 225 default runlevels, booting to, 223 MBR, 306 defining, 222 Restricted Drivers Manager, 185 nondefault runlevels, booting to, 224 retrieving data from SQL databases, 492-493 troubleshooting, 226-227 return on investment (ROI), 717 runtime errors (kernel), troubleshooting, 710 REVOKE statement PostgreSQL, 504 SQL, 499 S revoking privileges MySQL, 498-499 -s file comparison operators, 255 PostgreSQL, 504 Rhythmbox, 144-145 s2p filters, 544 ripping music tracks, 154 Samba rm file command, 77 connection status reports, 374 rm shell command, 668-669 installing, 369 rmdir dir command, 77 manual configuration via /etc/samba/smb.con files, 370-373 rmmod command, modular kernel management, 694 mounting shares, 375 ROI (return on investment), 717 SMB protocol, 369 root accounts, 96-99 smbd daemon, starting, 374 SWAT, 369, 375-378 rebooting, 99 testing via testparm command, 373 remote server security, 360 Sample /var/log/xferlog File with Inbound and Outbound Logging listing (20.5), 454 system shutdown, 98-99 users, 97-98 SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy), 147 root privileges, granting, 212-213 /sbin directory, 78 root users (LDAP), 196-198 /sbin/ifconfig network configuration tool, 327-329 assigning passwords to, 515 /sbin/route network configuration tool, 330-331 defining, 514 scalars (Perl), 528 root users (MySQL), passwords, 497 scanbus command, 154 route network configuration tool, 330-331 Scanner Access Now Easy (SANE), 147 routers, 324 rpm command, building Apache Server source code, 396 rsh shell, 234 scanners, 147-148, 387 schedulers, 172 scheduling priority, controlling processes, 278-280 www.it-ebooks.info ServerAdmin configuration directive scheduling tasks 799 Linux kernel, sysctl command, 625 at command, 228-230 networks, physical security, 629-630 batch command, 229-230 NIC, Promiscuous mode, 631 cron daemon, 231-233 passwords schemes, selecting partitions, 744 bootloaders, 629 Schwartzian Transforms, 543 brute-forcing, 359 scp command, 308, 357-358 /etc/passwd file, 206-207 screen grabs, 150 managing, 206 Screen section, xorg.conf file, 60 MySQL root users, 497 screen shell command, 673-674 PostgreSQL database user creation, 503 scripts directory (/usr/src/linux-2.6 directory), 692 shadow, 207-209 SCSI disk drivers, 693 system policies, 206 Seamonkeychat, 116 users, 209 searches remote servers, 359-360 files tcpdump command, Promiscuous mode, 631 index searches via locate shell command, 664 find shell command, 657-659 Tripwire security tool, 630-631 updates, 634 virus scanners, 632 input strings, grep shell command, 659-660 Mono libraries, Beagle, 617-620 vulnerability assessments, 627-628 wireless networks pattern-matching, 234, 236 access points, 629 Web, 748-749 encryption, 47 security OpenSSH tools, 629 Apache Server war driving, 629 Internet security, 406 Security Focus website, 634 security report websites, 393 select statements, 265-266 autohacking, 626 SELECT statements (SQL), 492 backups, 629 selecting bootloaders, passwords, 629 backup strategies, 294 bridges, 631 kernel type, 693 data integrity, database comparisons, 495-496 data locking, database comparisons, 494 disaster recovery plans, 633-634 sending email via Perl, 540-541 external computer attacks, defining, 625-626 firewalls, 47, 632 LAN, 317 Linux, virus protection, 632 sendmail command (Perl), 539-540 Sendmail MTA (mail transport agent), 459 internal computer attacks, defining, 625-626 key-based logins, 359 partitioning schemes, 744 SendAsync() method, 619 sequences, slices of, 551 serial-port modems, detecting/configuring, 39 ServerAdmin configuration directive (Apache Server), 402 How can we make this index more useful? Email us at indexes@samspublishing.com www.it-ebooks.info 800 ServerLayout section ServerLayout section, xorg.conf file, 56 services, printing ServerName configuration directive (Apache Server), 402 ServerRoot configuration directive (Apache Server), 401 configuring, 173-176 GUI-based printers, 174 local printers, 176, 179-181 session writing, DVD burning, 160 servers anonymous FTP servers, configuring, 433 Settings dialog box, 180 setup command, 175 FTP servers administration commands, 449-454 sftp command, 358-359, 454 sgid permissions, 94-95 Bsdftp-ssl servers, 425 sh shell, 234 choosing, 423-424 connected user information, 449-450 Shadow Password File ftp User Entry listing (20.1), 427 file-conversion actions, 445-447 shadow passwords, 207-209, 426-427 NcFTPd servers, 424-425 shar command, 272 packages, 424 sharing data, 81 LDAP, configuring, 514-515 SharpDevelop, 621 remote, security, 359-360 shebang lines (#!), 241-243, 527 SSH servers SHELL lines (/etc/crontab files), 231 configuring, 356-357 shells disabling SSH1, 357 access, via Perl, 537-538 ftp command, 357 bash, 233-234, 252 rcp command, 357 basic commands list, 651-652 scp command, 357-358 break statements, 270 sftp command, 358-359 case statements, 268-270 ssh-keygen command, 359 cat command, 652-653 versus Telnet servers, 356 cd command, 653-655 Telnet servers, 355-356 changing, 241 vsftpd servers, 424 chmod command, 655 anonymous access control, 430 configuring, 429-432 Web See also Apache Server command line background processing, 238 input/output redirection, 234, 237 Sun ONE, 420 job-control commands, 235 Zeus, website, 421 pattern-matching, 234-236 Zope, website, 420 pipes (|), 234, 238 wu-ftpd servers positional parameters, 244-246 configuring, 432-444 commands, combining, 671-673 xinetd daemon configuration, 428 comparison of expression, test command X, overview of, 53-54 file comparisons, 255-256 logical comparisons, 256-257 www.it-ebooks.info single quotes number comparisons, 254-255 functions, 270-271 string comparisons, 252-253 positional parameters, 244-246 cp command, 655 reasons for using, 238 du command, 656-657 shebang lines (#!), 241-243 endless loops, 263 special characters, list of, 248-249 escape characters, / (backslashes) as, 251 startx command, 239 exit statements, 270 tasks, automating, 246-247 Fedora Core shells list, 233-234 testing, 247 files, managing with, 76-77 trojan scripts, 241 find command, 657-659 user variables, 243 for statements, 261-262 variables, 243-244 grep command, 659-660 801 writing, 239 if statements, 267-268 select statements, 265-266 job-control commands, 234 sh, 234 ksh, 234 shift statements, 266 less command, 660-662 strings with embedded spaces, resolving variables in, 249-250 lN command, 663-664 locate command, 664 ls command, 664-666 man command, 666 man pages, 234 mkdir command, 667 mv command, 667 pdksh, 234 select statements, 265-266 test command, 252 positional arguments, 243 positional parameters, 244-246 ps command, 667-668 reasons for using, 650-651 repeat statements, 265 rm command, 668-669 rsh, 234 strings with unexpanded variables, maintaining, 250 tail command, 669 tcsh, 234 repeat statements, 265 test command, 257-261 top command, 669-671 until statements, 264-265 which command, 671 while statements, 263-264 zsh, 234, 251 shift statements, 266 shortcuts cd command, 74 keyboards, 37 shred command, 663 shuffle() array function, 585 screen command, 673-674 scripts shutdown command, 98-99, 444 shutdown files, magic cookies, 444-445 built-in variables, 243, 248 commands as, 239 environment variables, 243 executing, 240 shutting down Ubuntu, 21 simple backup strategies, 292 single quotes (‘), shell strings with unexpanded variables, 250 How can we make this index more useful? Email us at indexes@samspublishing.com www.it-ebooks.info 802 Skolnick Skolnick, Cliff, Apache Server development, 391 slappasswd tool, 515 tarballs, 686 Update Manager, 680-681 Slashdot.org website, 643 repositories, configuring, 28 slices (:), copying lists in Python, 554 software modems, Linux support, 350 slices (sequences), 551 SOHO (small office/home office), 716, 720 small enterprise backup strategies, 291 sound cards, 161-164 small office backup strategies, 291 source code small office/home office (SOHO), 716, 720 checking, 604 smart gateways See routers kernel source code, in /usr/src/linux-2.6 directory, 692 smart hosts, Postfix MTA, 463 SMB (Session Message Blocking) protocol, 369, 382 source tree (kernel), makefiles, 690 smbclient, 454 Spamassassin MDA (mail delivery agents), 470 smbclient command, 175, 374, 454 speed, database comparisons, 494 smbd daemon, starting, 374 splint command, 604, 608 smbprint command, 175 split() method, Python lists, 555 smbspool command, 175 spreadsheets, Calc (OpenOffice.org), 130-135 smbstatus command, Samba connection status reports, 374 SQL (Structured Query Language) sox command, 164 AND statements, 493 SMP (Symmetric Multiprocessors), 719 commands, whitespace, 490 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), MDA, 460 CREATE statements, 490 sockets, 331 databases, retrieving data from, 492-493 soft links See symlinks INSERT statements, 491 software is not equal (!=) symbol, 493 backups OR statements, 493 afio, 302 reserved keywords, 491 Amanda backup application, 301-302 SELECT statements, 492 ark, 300 subqueries, database comparisons, 496 cdbackup, 302 tables, 489-491 File Roller, 299 WHERE statements, 493 flexbackup, 302 SQL statements, optimizing, 647 kdat, 300 Squid proxy server tar, 297-298 ACL, 477-481 FTP software, installing, 425-426 client configuration, 476 managing client IP addresses, specifying, 481-482 Add/Remove Applications, 677 configuration examples, 482-483 APT, 681-685 installing, 476 Synaptic, 678-680 kill-SIGHUP command, 481 Squirrelmail MDA (mail delivery agents), 470-471 www.it-ebooks.info switch/case blocks SSH servers 803 strings configuring, 356-357 assigning value to, in Python, 550 ftp command, 357 built-in methods, in Python, 552 rcp command, 357 comparisons scp command, 357-358 comparison of expression, 252-253, 257 sftp command, 358-359 operators (Perl), list of, 530 ssh-keygen command, 359 concatenating in Python, 552 SSH1, disabling, 357 immutable sequences in Python, 550 versus Telnet servers, 356 indexing in Python, 551 ssh-keygen command, SSH servers, 359 Perl constants, 532 stable kernels versus kernel development releases, 697 PHP, 572-573, 582-585 Stallman, Richard M., 89, 715 repeating in Python, 552 searches, grep shell command, 659-660 starting storing in shell script variables, 244 logging out, 82 strip postfixes, 445 login, 81 strip prefixes, 445 environment variables, 83-86 strlen() string function, 582 remote access, 82-83 strpos() string function, 584-585 text-based console, 82 StumbleUpon, 107 postmaster program (PostgreSQL), 501 rebooting, 99 su command, 210-212, 217 sublevel number section (kernel), 697 X Window System, 63, 66 Subnet masks See netmasks starting/stopping subnetting, 318 Apache Server subqueries (SQL), database comparisons, 496 /etc/init.d/apache2 script, 398-399 manually starting, 397-398 system services, manually starting/stopping, 228 startx command, 239 substr() string function, 583 Subversion system (C/C++ programming language), 603-604 sudo command, 25, 97, 212-213, 217 suid permissions, 94-95 statements, conditional statements (PHP), 575-576 summarizing data (Calc), 133 Sun ONE Web server, 420 static IP addresses, 346 super users, 196-198 stereotypes, 199 super-user account, 96-99 storing support (commercial), websites, 750 data in RDBMS, 487 svg graphics file format, 149 deb files, APT, 684 shell scripts, for systemwide access, 241 strings in shell script variables, 244 str replace() string function, 583 svn command, 608 SWAT (Samba Web Administration Tool), 369, 375-378 switch/case blocks (PHP), 578-579 How can we make this index more useful? Email us at indexes@samspublishing.com www.it-ebooks.info 804 switches switches, uplink ports, 323 system-monitoring tools, 275 switches list, gcc (GNU C compiler), 605 console-based monitoring, 275-276 symbolic debugging, 605 disk quotas, 282 symbolic links (kernel), changing, 698 disk space, 281 symlinks, 663-664 kill command, 277-278 symmetric multiprocessors (SMP), 719, 736 priority scheduling, 278-280 viewing memory, 280 SYN flooding, 80 SYN Stealth scans (Nmap), 628 graphical processes, 282-285 Synaptic, 687 KDE, 285 installed packages list, viewing, 749 software management, 678-680 sync command, file system synchronization, 640 sysctl command, Linux kernel, 710 optimization, 641-642 T table caches, MySQL optimization, 647 security, 625 table-level privileges (MySQL), 498 sysrq.txt files, 691 tables system administrator privileges, granting, 210-215 system boots from generic floppy disks, 307 system jobs, 231-232 RDBMS, relations in, 488-489 SQL tables, 489-491 tail shell command, 669 system logging tape archives, 77 directives, 440-441 tape drive backups, 295 via Perl, 526 tar command, 77, 295, 298, 308 system monitoring tools, 280, 285 tar command-line backup software system password policies, 206 compressing directories, 304 system rescue, 306-307 copying directory structures, 304 system services copying files, 303-304 bootup, operation at, 220-225 find command, 297 runlevels, 225-227 full backups, 297 starting/stopping, manually starting/stopping, 228 incremental backups, 297 options, 297 system users, 197-198 restoring files from backups, 298 system-config-display application, 55 system-config-display client, X Window System configuration, 62-63 tar streams, 304 tarballs, 77, 686 system-config-printer tool, 174-177, 181 targets, creating makefiles, 601-602 system-config-printer-tui program, 174, 181 tasks batch jobs, 230 scheduling, 228-233 www.it-ebooks.info text tasks, automating 805 Taylor, David, 161 scheduling tasks, 228-233 TCP/IP (Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), networking, 313 shell scripts, 246-247 #! (shebang lines), 241-243 classes, 315 built-in variables, 243, 248 IP masquerading, 316 commands as, 239 IPv4 addressing, 314-316 environment variables, 243 IPv6 addressing, 316 ports, 317 executing, 240 positional parameters, 244-246 tcpdump command, Promiscuous mode, 631 reasons for using, 238 tcsh shells, 234, 265 comparison of expression special characters, list of, 248-249 storing for systemwide access, 241 file comparisons, 259-260 testing, 247 logical comparisons, 260-261 trojan scripts, 241 number comparisons, 258-259 string comparisons, 257 user variables, 243 test command variables, 243-244 file comparisons, 259-260 writing, 239 logical comparisons, 260-261 shells number comparisons, 258-259 backslashes (/) as escape characters, 251 string comparisons, 257 backticks (`), replacing strings with output, 251 telinit command, runlevels, changing, 225 changing, 241 Telnet servers, 335-336 Fedora Core shells list, 233-234 terminal client, 55 job-control commands, 234 terminal multiplexers See screen shell command maintaining shell strings with unexpanded variables, 250 terminals, multiple terminals, 673-674 man pages, 234 ternary operators (PHP), 576 test command resolving variables in strings with embedded spaces, 249-250 shell command line, background processing, 235-238, 244-246 file comparisons, 255-256, 259-260 logical comparisons, 256-257, 260-261 number comparisons, 254-255, 258-259 string comparisons, 252-253, 257 system services testing changing runlevels, 225 manually starting/stopping, 228 hardware compatibility, 733-734 troubleshooting runlevels, 226-227 programs (kernel), in /usr/src/linux-2.6 directory, 692 system services operation at bootup shell scripts, 247 booting, 222-224 testparm command, testing Samba, 373 init scripts, 224-225 initiating boot loading process, 220-221 text, Writer (OpenOffice.org), 127-129 loading Linux kernel, 221 How can we make this index more useful? Email us at indexes@samspublishing.com www.it-ebooks.info 806 text editors text editors, 87 system-monitoring emacs, 89-90 console-based monitoring, 275-277 vi, 88, 544 disk quotas, 282 text wrapping, shell scripts, 239 disk space, 281 text-based console login, 82 graphical processes, 282-285 thinkjettopbm command, 175 KDE, 285 Thunderbird email client, 111, 520 kill command, 277-278 tif graphics file format, 149 priority scheduling, 278-280 time command, 278 viewing memory, 280 time-admin client, time/date settings, 43 vmstat, 280 time/date resets, 42-43 vncviewer, 282 timewarp, 205 top command, 279, 669-671 TiVo, 169 Torvalds, Linus, 690, 715 token ring NIC (network interface cards), 320 touch command, 90 tools tracking, function time, 605 command line Transmeta, Inc., 715 /bin and /sbin directories, 78 triggers, database comparisons, 496 compressing files, 77-78 trim() string function, 582 editing files, 78-79 Tripwire security tool, 630-631 /home directory, 79 Trojan horses, 630 managing files, 76-77 trojan scripts, 241 navigating file systems, 74-76 troubleshooting overview of, 71-74 hardware, 734-736 /proc directory, 79-81 Internet connections, 352-353 /usr directory, 81 kernel compilation, 709 /var directory, 81 kernel runtime errors, 710 data pilots, 133 network connections, 324 ethereal, 282 NIC, 326 GKrellM, 282 printers, 387-388 gnome-nettool, 282 runlevels, 226-227 gnome-system-monitor, 283 Ubuntu configurations, 24 group management, 200-203 tune2fs command, file system optimization, 640 kdf, 285 Tuxmobil-Mobile Unix website, 753 ksysguard, 285 TV hardware, 164-166 Mono, 612-614 twm (Tab Window Manager), 67 netpbm, 149 typecasting, Python number type conversion, 550 system-config-printer, 174-177 types field (ftpconversions file), 446 www.it-ebooks.info uplink ports U passwords, 16 Ubuntu preparing for, 740-741 planning, 731 64-bit, 721 step-by-step guide, 13-15, 18 business applications, 726-728 networking in, 314 configuring overview of, 718 CD/DVD drives, 44-45 PPC, 721 date/time resets, 42-43 predeployment checklists, 730 firewalls, 47 rescue disc, 306 first updates, 26-27 shutting down, 21 modems, 39-41 system considerations, 728-729 power management, 41 user considerations, 729 software repositories, 28 sudo command, 25 troubleshooting, 24 wireless networks, 46-47 customizing versions, 719 Ubuntu Project mailing lists, 755 website, 751 UDP (Universal Datagram Protocol), 313 desktop backgrounds, 31 UID (User IDs), 198 desktop color, 32 unexpanded variables (shells), 250 input devices, 37-39 unicast addressing, 319 mouse configurations, 39 University of Helsinki, Finland, 715 Preferred Applications, 35 Unix, backup levels, 292 Removable Drives and Media, 36 unless conditional statements (Perl), 534 deployment, planning, 726 Unreal Tournament 2004, installing, 187-188 documentation, 721-723 unset() function, 590 for business, 719-720 until loops (Perl), 536 for home use, 720 until statements, 264-265 history of, 718 Update Manager installations CD-based installations, 11-12 software management, 680-681 Ubuntu first updates, 19 CD-ROM requirements, 11 update-manager, package updates, 687 distribution options, 10 updates DVD-based installations, 11-12 network security, 634 first updates, 19 software management, 680-681 from CD-ROMs, 741-742 Ubuntu, first updates, 19, 26-27 GRUB, 11 upgrading Apache Server, file locations, 394 hardware requirements, 10-11 uplink ports, 323 partitioning, 10-11, 15, 742-745 How can we make this index more useful? Email us at indexes@samspublishing.com www.it-ebooks.info 807 808 USB USB (Universal Serial Buses) super user/root user, 196-198 printers, troubleshooting, 388 UIDs/GIDs, 198 scanners, 148 disk quotas, 215-217 troubleshooting, 735 FTP users, 426-428 use function (Perl), 539 managing, 202-205 used memory, viewing, 280 modifying, 210-212 Usenet, posts to (Perl coding example), 542-543 passwords, managing, 209 Usenet newsgroups, 117-118 privileges, granting, 210-215 Usenet newsgroups websites, 754-755 root accounts, 97-98 /usr directory, 55, 81 user accounts, 72 Fetchmail, configuring in, 467-469 /usr/bin directory, 55 MySQL, adding to, 499 /usr/include directory, 55 User configuration directive (Apache Server), 401-402 /usr/lib directory, 55 user directories, protecting contents of, 79 /usr/lib/X11 directory, 55 user IDs (UID), 198 /usr/src/linux-2.6 directory /usr/lib/modules directory, 55 user information arch directory, 692 FTP servers, displaying, 449-450 /configs directory, 690, 701 wu-ftpd servers, configuring, 436-440 Documentation directory, 691 user information directives (ftpaccess configuration file) kernel source code, 692 kernel testing programs, 692 displaying administrator email address, 440 scripts directory, 692 displaying files, 437-439 sound card documentation directory, 162 displaying prelogin banners, 436-437 last modification date notifications, 440 /usr/X11/man directory, 55 UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) cable, 322 user jobs, 231-232 user variables (shell scripts), 243 useradd –D command, 202 V useradd –G command, 200 useradd command, 97, 202, 217 userdel command, 203 values function, Perl hashes, 529 UserDir configuration directive (Apache Server), 403 van Rossum, Guido, 547 usermod –G command, 200 var dump() function, 591-592 usermod command, 203, 217 /var/log/vsftpd.log configuration file, 430 users /var/log/xferlog files, fields list, 453-454 accounts /var directory, 81 /var/spool/cron directories, 232 creating, 195-196 variable data files, accessing, 81 file permissions, 198-199 variable substitution (PHP), 573 www.it-ebooks.info Web servers variables memory, 280 class object variables in Python, 560 video, 167-169 environment, login, 83-86 vim, 87 interactive interpreter (Python), handling in, 548 virtual file systems, 79 Mono, creating, 615-616 virtual hosts, Apache Server, 416-418 virus scanners, 471, 632 Perl variables, 528-529 viruses, Linux security, 632 PHP variables, 566 visudo command, 213 arrays, 567-569 vmstat tool, 280 resources, 568 VNC (Virtual Network Computing), 361-362 types of, 567 vncviewer tool, 282 variable substitution, 573 volume, modifying, 162-163 shell scripts vsftpd command, 454 built-in, 243, 248 vsftpd servers, 424 environment, 243 anonymous access, controlling, 430 storing strings in, 244 configuring, 429-432 user, 243 vulnerability assessments (security), 627-628 values, 243-244 shells, unexpanded variables, 250 Vaults of Parnassus website, 563 W versions Linux, 716 w command, 235 Ubuntu, 719 -w file comparison operators, 255, 259 vi command, 272 Wall, Larry, 608 vi text editor, 88, 544 wallpaper, changing, 31 video war driving, 629 drivers, installing, 184-185 wav files, 163 DVD/video players, 169 weaknesses, assessing (security), 627-628 formatting, 167 Web searches personal video recorders, 168 Google website, 749 TV hardware, 164-166 tips for, 748 viewing, 167-168 video cards, X Window System updates, 60 videoconferencing with Edge, 120-121 VideoLAN HOWTO, 169 Web servers Apache building source code, 395-396 development of, 391-392 viewing batch job numbers, 230 built-in variables, 248 display managers, 63, 66 documentation websites, 392 downloading, 392-393 file system access control, 410 How can we make this index more useful? Email us at indexes@samspublishing.com www.it-ebooks.info 809 810 Web servers optimizing, 642-644 mod_sll module, 415 quick start guide, 396-397 mod_speling module, 415 runtime configuration, 400-406 mod_status module, 415 security report websites, 393 mod_unique_id module, 415 source code website, 395 mod_userdir module, 415 starting/stopping, 397-399 mod_usertrack module, 416 upgrading, file locations, 394 mod_vhost_alias module, 416 usage statistics, 391 Zeus, website, 421 version information, 392-393 Zope, website, 420 virtual hosting, 416-418 webcam command, 454 Sun ONE, 420 welcome.msg files, 439 via allow/deny directives WEP encryption, 47 file system authentication, 407-409 whatis command, 76 installing, 393-396 WHERE clauses, SELECT statements, 492 Internet security, 406 WHERE statements (SQL), 493 logging, 418-420 whereis command, 76, 86 mod_access module, 411 which shell command, 671 mod_alias module, 411 while loops, 535, 557-579 mod_asis module, 411 while statements, 263-264 mod_auth module, 412 whitespace, SQL commands, 490 mod_auth_anon module, 412 wildcard searches, 77 See also pattern-matching mod_auth_dbm module, 412 window managers, modifying, 66-67 mod_auth_digest module, 412 Windows mod_autoindex module, 413 games, playing with Cedega, 190-191 mod_cgi module, 413 productivity applications, 141 mod_dir module, 413 Wine, 141 mod_env module, 413 WinModems, laptop configurations, 40-41 mod_expires module, 413 wireless networking, 321 mod_headers module, 413 advantages of, 344 mod_include module, 414 choosing available protocols, 344-345 mod_info module, 414 configuring, 46-47 mod_log_config module, 414 encryption, 47 mod_mime module, 414 security, 628-629 mod_mime_magic module, 414 support for, 342-343 mod_negotiation module, 414 war driving, 629 mod_proxy module, 414 wish command, 242 mod_rewrite module, 414 WITH PASSWORD segment (CREATE USER statement), 503 mod_setenvif module, 415 Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory, installing, 188-189 www.it-ebooks.info zsh shell 811 word processors, Writer (OpenOffice.org), 404 x-x, shell pattern-matching searches, 236 WPA Personal encryption, 47 X.Org Foundation, 716 write permissions, 198-199 X11 See X Window System WriteLine() method, 615 xcpustate client, 283 Writer (OpenOffice.org), 124, 127-129 xdm display manager, applying, 66 writing, shell scripts, 239 XDMCP (X Display Manager Control Protocol), 361 wu-ftpd servers Xfce desktop, 69, 642 configuring, 432-444 Xine, 169 permission control, configuring, 442-443 xinetd daemons, wu-ftpd servers, 428 system logging, configuring, 440-441 xorg.conf files user information, configuring, 436-440 elements of, 55 xinetd daemons, configuring for, 428 Device section, 59 Files section, 57 InputDevice section, 58 Module section, 57 X Monitor section, 58 Screen section, 60 -x file comparison operators, 255, 259 ServerLayout section, 56 X Window System X Window System configuration, 63 applying, 54-55 components list, 56 Xsane scanners, 148 components of, 55 xxx, shell pattern-matching searches, 236 configuring, 60-63 display managers, 54 distributed processing, 54 distribution components, 54 features of, 54 hard drive requirements, 55 Module section, 58 Y-Z -z file comparison operators, 259 string expression operators, 252 Monitor section, 59 Zeus Web server website, 421 overview of, 53-54 zImage directive, kernel compilation, 702 references, 70 Zope Web server website, 420 ServerLayout section, 57 zsh shell, 234 starting, 63, 66 via display managers, 64 xorg.conf file, 55-60 X Window System websites, 753 X-Chat, 116 How can we make this index more useful? Email us at indexes@samspublishing.com www.it-ebooks.info What’s on the DVD The book’s DVD includes the binary version of Ubuntu 7.10—the equivalent of at least four CDs DESKTOPS EDUCATION (continued) GAMES (continued) • X.Org 7.2-5 • GNOME 2.20.0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ACCESSIBILITY • GNOME On-screen keyboard • Screen reader and magnifier ACCESSORIES • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Alacarte Menu Editor Ark Calculator Character Map Dictionary GVim Text Editor KAlarm KArm Katapult KCalc KjobViewer Klipper KNotes KPager KPilot KSig KTip Mousepad Screenshot SpeedCrunch Terminal Text Editor Tomboy Notes Xarchiver Xfburn Xfce Appfinder EDUCATION • • • • • • • • Kalzium Kanagram KBruch KEduca KHangMan Kig KLatin KLettres KmPlot KPercentage KStars KTouch KTurtle Kverbos KVocTrain GROMMACS GAMES • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Ace of Penguins Atlantik Atlantik Designer Atomix Chess Educational suite gcompris Four-in-a-row FreeCell Solitaire KAsteroids KAtomic KBackgammon KBattleship KBlackBox KBounce Kenolaba KFoulEggs KGoldrunner KJumpingCube Klickety KMahjongg KMines Kolf Konquest KPoker KReversi KSirtet KSmileTris KSnakeRace KSokoban KSpaceDuel KTron KWin4 Lieutenant Skat Mahjongg www.it-ebooks.info Mines Patience Potato Guy Robots SameGame Shisen-Sho Sudoku TuxMath TuxTyping Zatacka GRAPHICS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Dia digiKam Document Viewer FontForge F-Spot Photo Manager GIMP Image Editor GNU Paint GQview gThumb Image Viewer Gwenview Image Viewer Inkscape Vector Illustrator KFaxView KGhostView Kooka KPDF Krita KSnapshot OpenOffice.org Drawing QCaD Scribus XaoS XSane Image Scanner INTERNET • • • • • • • Akregator BitTorrent Bluetooth Bluetooth OBEX Client Bluetooth OBEX Server Ekiga Softphone Epiphany Web Browser ...Andrew Hudson Paul Hudson Ubuntu 7.10 Linux ® UNLEASHED 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA www.it-ebooks.info Ubuntu 7.10 Linux Unleashed Copyright â 2008 by Sams... Introduction Welcome to Ubuntu 7.10 Linux Unleashed! This book covers the free Linux distribution named Ubuntu and includes a fully functional and complete operating system produced by the Ubuntu Community,... to pound on your door www.it-ebooks.info Ubuntu 7.10 Linux Unleashed After an introduction to Linux and Ubuntu, you will find out how to get started with Ubuntu, including installation and initial