Nhân tố cản trở tham gia vào chuỗi cung ứng toàn cầu của các doanh nghiệp trong ngành công nghiệp chế biến và chế tạo ở việt nam tt tiếng anh

1 INTRODUCTION Rationale The processing and manufacturing industry in Vietnam has made a great contribution to the national growth In 2017, the Index of Industrial Production (IIP) increased by 9,4% compared to 2016, much higher than 7.4% in 2016 The processing and manufacturing sector increased by 14.5% (the highest growth rate in years), significantly contributed to the growth of the industry with 10.2 points of percentage The study of factors which hinder enterprises from joining into the global supply chain of the manufacturing industry not only helps Vietnamese enterprises rethink themselves, recognise and overcome their shortcomings and limitations, but also helps them promote their advantages in order to gain the initiative in doing business, participating in the global supply chain, achieving high profit, helping Vietnam’s processing and manufacturing industry sustainably develop, contributing to raising the position of Vietnam in the international market However, there have been no study so far to assess the impact level of factors that impede the participation of enterprises in the global supply chain So that, policy makers, businesses and managers may base on to deliver solutions for managing and directing the policy when identifying strategy joining into the global supply chain following development objectives of the national economy Therefore, I chose the thesis "Factors hindering Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain” as my PhD thesis Literature review 2.1 Research in Vietnam In Vietnam, there have been many researches on the supply chain of various commodities, sectors These studies have deepened the theoretical and practical implications of supply chain as well as the involvement of enterprises in the global supply chain in many aspects The study by Huynh (2013) explores factors affecting the co-ordination in wooden furniture supply chain in the Southeast region The author developed a system of factors that influent collaboration in the wooden furniture supply chain in order to establish a model to analyse, measure, particularly in developing countries such as Vietnam Doan et al (2011) focused on the supply chain of some key export products, such as wooden furniture, coffee, textiles The researcher clarified the theoretical and practical framework to confirm the need of joining into the global supply chain; analysed and evaluated the current status of production and export of some commodities (wooden furniture, coffee, textiles) and the supply chain of these products in Vietnam; built solutions for Vietnamese enterprises to establish a domestic supply chain and take a part in global supply chains Do (2011) studied the value chain and the linkage relationship between textile export enterprises in Vietnam Nguyen et al (2015) paid attention to the cooperation of internal supply components of enterprises to improve the business effeciency The author studied the complex relationship among internal supply chain management, the premise and the result of internal supply chain management Based on the context of international integration of Vietnamese economy, there can be seen that Vietnamese enterprises are faceing a lot of difficulties in access and operation inside global supply chain (the total rate of Vietnam enterprise joining in the global supply chain is around 20% which is much lower than the rate of other regional countries) However, there have been no study focusing on deeply assessing the impact level of factors which hinder enterprises from participating in the global supply chain 2.2 International research International studies have clarified the theory of factors that influence the global supply chain participation, and have also demonstrated the implications for empirical studies in the case of many different countries When studying the factors affecting the global supply chain participation of international enterprises and Vietnamese enterprises, most of authors have access to consider these factors on both sides (impulse and impediment) to consider the positive impact of the impulse and the negative impact of the impediment However, although a factor may be considered on both sides, it can be seen clearly that each factor will be an aspect of motivational influence or obstruction that predominates over the other Focusing on East Asian region, Harvie (2010) synthesized previous researches and provided a list of factors that obstruct the production of most enterprises, such as: access to land; access to finance; compliance costs; legal framework; access to technology; access to information; access to market; access to business development support services; international competitiveness; relatively high transaction costs; accreditation costs; market failure; fairness, transparency and consitency in the taxation of private firms; access to skilled human resources; entrepreneurial skills and training; society attitudes; lack of and cost of infrastructure; costs of becoming formal rather than remaining informal; discrimination Focusing on analyzing the supply chain participation, many researchers spent more time and effort in analyzing and identifying the impact factors However, according to Kamal and Irani (2014), up to now, there seems to be no consistency in asserting the positive and negative impact factors on supply chain participation because of the heterogeneity of economies Alfalla - Luque et al (2013) has developed a conceptual framework based on a theoretical overview of supply chain participation studies and this has helped supply chain researchers better understanding different factors of the supply chain through quantitative research However, the variables and scales in their study frame have been studied by a number of previous authors (Swink et al., 2007) and have a limitation of few positive variables The analysis by Kamal and Irani (2014) has divided the impact factors into seven groups: strategy; management; organization; operations; technology; finance and business environment Whereas, study of Kamal and Irani (2014) pointed out four possible factors that significantly obstruct supply chain participation: limitation of information technology infrastructure; limitations on technical resources, skills and knowledge; afraid to change; shortage of experienced human resources Many scientists have focused on identifying and analyzing factors that influence the supply chain participation, for example: enterprise size (Pagell, 2004), strategic partners (Ramanathana and Gunasekaran, 2012), interdependence in the supply chain (Vachon and Klassen, 2006), coordination and effective communication (Paulraj et al., 2008) However, few studies have listed a complete list of factors One of the very few existing studies, by Bernon et al (2013), lists a number of benefits that focus on the linkage between supply chain participation and productive outcomes, for example: allowing chain members to improve the process of linking production, saving time, reducing inventory, improving customer service quality and enhancing the sharing information Later, Pagell (2004) provided and clarified the factors that positively and negatively influence the supply chain participation (in operations, procurement, logistics), such as improving performance efficiency, enhancing high level management support, improving product development and communication A number of studies have highlighted the different factors that drive supply chain engagement Chen et al (2013) asserted that there are three most highlighted factors: the level of information technology (IT), the exchange of knowledge and belief among supply chain members Most of the studies focused on the factors that positively influence the supply chain participation, and there are some studies that focus on factors that interfere with the supply chain participation For example, the lack of a unified IT infrastructure (Khare et al., 2012), the bullwhip effect (Vanpoucke et al., 2009) and affraid to change (Hertz, 2006) The most influential factors in supply chain participation business performance improvement, information sharing, competitive advantage, communication improvement and resource efficiency Few studies work directly on the relationship between firms and global supply chains (Harvie et al., 2010, Rasiah et al., 2010) Some studies have shown that the characteristics of enterprises in different processing and manufacturing industries are very different Enterprises that relate to export or production networks are often larger, more efficient, and have better skills than others Shortly, the international researches in both theoretical and practical aspect are quite comprehensive Researches have shown the emergence of a number of factors affecting the enterprises and the global supply chain participation However, the impact significantly varies, depending on the characteristics of the firms, the business area as well as the socio-economic conditions of the studied country Research goal and objectives 3.1 Research goal The research goal is to assess the factors that hinder Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining the global supply chain The research examines the complex relationship between limitation on skilled human resources; limitation on technology capacity; limitation on capital; inadequacy of government support policies; limitation of international culture and policy; restrictions from the chain leader and the global supply chain participation in terms of obstruction Based on the results of the research, the author proposes recommendations and solutions to help the processing and manufacturing enterprises refering and applying in doing business to overcome obstacles and firmly participate into the global supply chain of the processing and manufacturing industry 3.2 Research objectives In order to achieve the research goal, this thesis performs the following specific research objectives: - To analyze the current situation of the supply chain in the processing and manufacturing industry in Vietnam - To study the factors that hinder Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain - To argue and propose solutions that are suitable to the practical situation of the research in the next period in order to help enterprises in the industry understanding and applying when doing business Research subjects and scopes 4.1 Research subjects The research subject of the thesis is the theoretical and practical issues of factors that hinder Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain 4.2 Research scopes The thesis studies the enterprises in three economic sectors (State, private and foreign) which are diversified in scale and business areas Space: The thesis studies factors that hinder Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain in Vietnam, including 24 first-tier categories from 10 to 33 according to the Decision No 10/2007 /QD-TTg dated 23 January 2007 by the Prime Minister Total number of questionaires: the author sent 1,000 questionaires, received 600 questionaires in which there is 594 valid questionaires Survey time: From February 2018 to June 2018 Research methodology The thesis uses a combination of a number of scientific research methods, including: Method of collecting secondary information Method of analysis and synthesis Statistical disaggregation Descriptive statistics method Method of econometric analysis Expert consultation method New contribution of the thesis 6.1 Theory Deepen the concept of supply chain, global supply chain and the supply chain participation Indicate three groups of factors that hinder Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain, including: (i) Factors coming from the inside of enterprises; (ii) Factors coming from the outside of enterprises Analyze in more detail the complex relationship between limitation on skilled human resources, limitation on technology capacity; limitation on capital; inadequacy of government support policies; limitation of international culture and policy; restrictions from the chain leader and the global supply chain participation in terms of obstruction out new idea to improve the production process and product quality Enterprises that are participating in the supply chain, have to deal with problem of spending more time to re-train the low-skilled laborers The thesis argues that the impact of factors that hinder Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain in Vietnam is manifested in many ways (based on the elements constituting factors in the quantitative analysis) Therefore, focusing on amending the public institution and government support policies; improving the quality of skilled labor; removing difficulties in accessing capital; improving technology capacity are the important premise to help businesses overcoming difficulties to participating deeply in the global supply chain Research structure In addition to the introduction, conclusion, appendix and references, the content of the thesis are divided into chapters as follows: Chapter 1: Theoretical framework of supply chain and factors that hinder enterprises from joining in the global supply chain Chapter 2: The current status of supply chain participation and factors that hinder the Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain Chapter 3: The research methods and study model of factors that hinder the Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain Chapter 4: The analyzing results of study model of factors that hinder the Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain Chapter 5: Evaluation of research results and recommendations 6.2 Practice The thesis argues that: (i) The presence of the chain leader creates intense competitive pressure, technology transfer pressure, and priority contract to FDI enterprises when joining into the global supply chain Enterprises who are already involved in the supply chain have a deep understanding on the constraints of the chain leader, especially in terms of challenges However, businesses that are learning and have not joined the chain seem to have not felt the potential impact of the chain leader in terms of hindering their business (ii) Inadequacy of government support policies is the most influential barriers, especially for enterprises that have not involved in global supply chain It seems that these enterprises face with barriers in policies, public institutions and government’s support so that they can not participate (though they wish) For enterprises that are participating in the chain, the restriction and inadequacy of the government's support policies make negative impact when the lack of frankness and enthusiasm of the administrative staff and the transparency and equality of the authorities put a negative impact on the interests of the enterprises participating in the supply chain (iii) Restrictions on skilled human resources hinder enterprises from participating in the global supply chain Enterprises which have not joined the supply chain, face to many difficulties, such as Having trouble in recruiting high-skilled laborers; Employees need a long time to learn to operate new technologies and Workers rarely bring CHAPTER THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF SUPPLY CHAIN AND FACTORS THAT HINDER ENTERPRISES FROM JOINING IN THE GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN 1.1 The supply chain overview 1.1.1 Supply chain The term of "supply chain" appeared in the late 1980s and became popular in the 1990s Many scientists have spent time on researching and defining supply chain Currently, the most popular supply chain concept that was acknowledged by many researchers, was developed by La Londe and Masters (1994) Accordingly, the supply chain can be seen as a system of members in a chain from input supplier to manufacturer and distributor 1.1.2 The global supply chain Differ from domestic supply chain, the global supply chain definition that is considered in this study is the supply chain that have a global scale regardless of the administrative boundaries (Doan et al., 2011) The widening of the global supply chain is largely horizontal, without introducing new processes in the value chain that focus on penetrating new markets, using new production units, adding more production facilities to maximize revenue and profit, based on the principle that the enterprise that is able to respond adequately to the requirements of the supply chain is likely to be participated in the supply chain 10 According to Hakanson and Snehota (1989), Huynh (2012) , the supply chain includes Supplier, Manufacturer, Distributor, Retailer, Consumer and Service provider 1.1.5 The benefits of participation in the supply chain - For the national economy - For enterprises 1.2 Factors that hinder enterprises from joining in the global supply chain Through the results of published studies, it is possible to derive a number of factor groups that researchers have identified (including both positive and negative factors), such as: factors related to human resources; factors related to technology capacity; factors related to the size of the business Factors related to the limitation of government support policies are argued in scholarly articles that study the general impact and there is no specific study focusing on the negative impact The purpose of this thesis is to focus on the impact that hinder the global supply chain participation Thus, research examines the level of constraints of factors on supply chain participation through several groups of factors in the following and defines each factors according to existing studies in the world This study also supplements and adjusts the scale of factors to suit with the context of the processing and manufacturing industry in Vietnam 1.2.1 Factors coming from the inside enterprise 1.1.3 The models of supply chain - Factor relating to limitation on skilled human resources - The simple supply chain model - Factor relating to limitation on technology capacity - The extended supply chain model - Factor relating to limitation on capital - The typical supply chain model limitation of international culture and policy 1.1.4 The members of supply chain 1.2.2 Factors coming from the outside enterprise 11 Factor relating to inadequacy of government support policies 1.3 Supply chain in some countries and corporation and lesson for Vietnam Studying the practical experience of Japan, New Zealand, Australia and IKEA corporation, I point out the following lessons for Vietnam: For government: - There should be a state agency that takes responsibility for macro-level coordination policy of the supply chain 12 CHAPTER THE CURRENT STATUS OF SUPPLY CHAIN PARTICIPATION AND FACTORS THAT HINDER THE VIETNAMESE PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES FROM JOINING IN THE GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN 2.1 International and domestic context 2.1.1 International context (i) Technological progress and innovation have played a greater - There should be diplomatic support through trade negotiations, trade agreements… with major international trading partners role than ever in promoting the economy of every country (ii) - It is necessary to establish big enterprises to effectively lead the supply chain industrial development, as the economic gap is narrowing because of - It is necessary to improve the quality of human resources, especially skilled manpower and senior management resources (equipment, capital, technology and skills ) move around - Select some stages of the supply chain that are suitable with the capacity and comparative advantage of the country multinational corporations For enterprise: - There should be a proper understanding of the supply chain and the role of the supply chain - It should be noted that the level of collaboration among supply chain members is the key of success - Realize and take advantage of enterprise’s strengthen in compare with other enterprises in the chain - Participate in strategic alliances with foreign partners - Have a well-thought-out and comprehensive strategy to join the global supply chain International competitiveness is the core issue of each country's the decrease of transport and communication costs (iii) Products and the world more easily and quickly (iv) Dominant role of 2.1.2 Domestic context The transforming process of the growth model to raise the competitiveness of the economy is being strengthened with the drastic reform of administrative procedures, the support for the development of enterprises, the establishment of a government of integrity and creation This will actively support the national industry in the next time Economic integration is deepening However, the industry in general and the manufacturing and processing industry in particular is not sustainable and the competitiveness of industries, industrial products is low Industrial growth is mainly based on investment The technological level of enterprises and the economy is far backward compared to other regional countries 13 14 2.2 Overview of Vietnamese enterprises in the global supply chain in the processing and manufacturing industry Industrial labor tends to increase the number of non-technical workers and reduce the number of workers with professional qualifications and technical qualifications 2.2.1 The situation of export and import of the processing and manufacturing industry Export turnover of processing and manufacturing products increases continuously (78% in 2007 and 81.2% in 2017) In 2017, this sector reached a growth rate of 14.40%, higher than three years ago (2014: 8.45%, 2015: 10.60%, 2016: 11.09%) 2.2.2 The situation of foreign direct investment in the processing and manufacturing industry Up to 20/2/2018, there are 19 sectors in the total of 21 sectors of the national economic sub-sector that received the attention of FDI enterprises The processing and manufacturing sector seems to be most noticeable with 188.52 billion USD, equivalent to 58.5% of total registered capital 2.2.3 The situation of Vietnamese enterprises in the processing and manufacturing industries participating into the supply chain - Domestic enterprises make up the majority, but most of them are small and micro - About 36% of enterprises participating in production networks (including direct and indirect exports) (Malaysia is 59.7% and Thailand is 59.3%) According to CIEM (2013): The technology input supply for Vietnamese enterprises mainly comes from Asian countries (the largest is China with 26.4%); up to 98% of SMEs have problems with capital 2.3 Factors that impede the ability to participate in the global supply chain of Vietnam's manufacturing and processing industries 2.3.1 Limitations related to human resources Labor productivity of Vietnamese workers is low One hour of labor brings out only $ 3.4, 18 times less than that of Singapore ($ 49.5), 11 times less than that of South Korea ($ 24.4), three times less than that of China, just over Laos and Cambodia 2.3.2 Limitations related to technology - Medium- and low- tech of production technology of the processing and manufacturing industry gets high proportion, lagging dramatically behind the average of the world The speed of technological innovation is still low Most enterprises not pay attention to R&D and application deployment - Up to 76% of production equipment was imported between 1960 and 1970; 75% of equipment has been fully depreciated; 50% of the equipment is refreshed The enterprises that buy used equipment seem to increase in the period 2011-2013 and only 0,005% of enterprises have science initiative 2.3.3 Limitations related to capital - The majority of private enterprises lack capital The growth rate of capital is low and unstable - The efficiency of investment capital is low - Vietnam's investment cost is about double than that of Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, 1.5 times higher than China's with the same condition 2.3.4 The shortcomings and inadequacies of government support policies - Some policies not work effectively, such as technological innovation policies are not focused and not make significant 15 changes in the awareness and investment activities of technological innovation of enterprises - The "ask-give" mechanism and the regulation on capital support are not transparent that make enterprises difficultly access to these funds 16 - Regression - correlation analysis - Analysis method – ANOVA 3.2 The proposed model and research hypotheses 3.2.1 The proposed model CHAPTER THE RESEARCH METHODS AND STUDY MODEL OF FACTORS THAT HINDER THE VIETNAMESE PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES FROM JOINING IN THE GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN 3.1 Research Methods 3.1.1 Qualitative research methods - In-depth interviews with experts, group discussions, analysis of responses in open-ended questions, document research (analysis, synthesis of documents) - Since then, the characteristics (indicators) have been identified, indicating the negative impact of considered factors - Reinforce the theoretical framework for research and refine the research model, and bring out research hypothesis relevant to research purposes - Develop scales as a basis for developing appropriate assessment methods 3.1.2 Quantitative research methods - Statistical survey method - Descriptive statistics method - Factor analysis 3.2.2 Research hypotheses (1) Limitation on skilled human resources hinders Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain (2) Limitation on technology capacity hinders Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain (3) Limitation on capital hinders Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain (4) The inadequacy of government support policies hinders Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain 17 18 (5) Limitation of international culture and policy hinders Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain impact to the supply chain access for enterprises that have not involved in the supply chain (6) Restrictions from the chain leader hinders Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain Hypothesis CHAPTER THE ANALYZING RESULTS OF STUDY MODEL OF FACTORS THAT HINDER THE VIETNAMESE PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES FROM JOINING IN THE GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN Hypothesis 4.1 The results of the pilot survey testing the reliability of the scale of the factors in the research model The results of the pilot survey show that the factor scales in the proposed model are reliable and can be used in the official study after removing some observable variables that are inconsistent with the measure of the scale 4.2 Charateristic description of the sample The author sent 1,000 questionaires, received 600 questionaires in which there is 594 valid questionaires (408 questionaires of enterprises that have not involved in the supply chain and 186 questionaires of enterprises that have participated in the supply chain) 4.3 The summary of test results of research hypotheses The results of the hypothesis testing in the research model are given in the table below: Hypotheses Content The impedient The Hypothesis Hypothesis Hypothesis Hypothesis Limitation on skilled human resources hinders Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain Limitation on technology capacity hinders Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain Limitation on capital hinders Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain The inadequacy of government support policies hinders Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain Limitation of international culture and policy hinders Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain Restrictions from the chain leader hinders Vietnamese processing and Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Not supported impedient impact to the operation of enterprises that have participated in the supply chain Supported (both challenging and unfavorable aspect) Supported (both challenging and unfavorable aspect) Supported (both challenging and unfavorable aspect) Supported (both challenging and unfavorable aspect) Supported (both challenging and unfavorable aspect) Supported (both challenging 19 20 manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain and unfavorable aspect) CHAPTER EVALUATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The summary of control variable effects are given in the table below: Control variable Owner Size Impact The operation of The supply chain enterprises that access of have enterprises that participated in have not involved in the supply chain the supply chain Yes Yes Yes Yes 5.1 Contribution of the thesis Impacting trend 5.1.1 Theory The thesis: (a) deepens the concept of supply chain, global supply State-owned and foreign-owned firms feel less difficult than private-owned firms Smaller enterprises feel more difficult to access and participate in the chain than larger ones chain and the supply chain participation; (b) indicates three groups of factors that hinder Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain, including: (i) Factors coming from the inside of enterprises; (ii) Factors coming from the outside of enterprises; (c) analyzes in more detail the complex relationship between limitation on skilled human resources, limitation on technology capacity; limitation on capital; inadequacy of government support policies; limitation of international culture and policy; restrictions from the chain leader and the global supply chain participation in terms of obstruction 5.1.2 Practice The thesis argues that the impact of factors that hinder Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain in Vietnam is manifested in many ways (based on the elements constituting factors in the quantitative analysis) Therefore, focusing on amending the public institution and government support policies; improving the quality of skilled labor; removing difficulties in accessing capital; improving technology capacity are the important premise to help businesses overcoming difficulties to participating deeply in the global supply chain 21 22 5.1.3 Recommendations for further research However, the industry in general and the manufacturing and Firstly, a combination of both time-based research and period- processing industry in particular is not sustainable and the based research should be used to complement the results competitiveness of industries, industrial products is low Industrial Secondly, in order to ensure the representativeness and generality growth is mainly based on investment The technological level of of the results, it is necessary to expand the sample size and select the enterprises and the economy is far backward compared to other sample with more scientific methods regional countries Thirdly, it is necessary to test a number of other factors, 5.3 Some recommendations especially factors of FDI enterprises such as quality policy, price policy, time of delivery or impact of domestic economy and global economy 5.2 International and domestic context 5.3.1 For the government (i) Improving the institutions and and support policies of the government 5.2.1 International context (ii) Enhancing the quality of skilled workers (i) Technological progress and innovation have played a greater (iii) Removing the capital difficulties role than ever in promoting the economy of every country (ii) International competitiveness is the core issue of each country's industrial development, as the economic gap is narrowing because of (iv) Enhancing the technological capacity 5.3.2 For the enterprises the decrease of transport and communication costs (iii) Products and (i) Improving the quality of skilled human resources resources (equipment, capital, technology and skills ) move around (ii) Solutions relating to capital the world more easily and quickly (iv) Dominant role of multinational corporations 5.2.2 Domestic context The transforming process of the growth model to raise the competitiveness of the economy is being strengthened with the drastic reform of administrative procedures, the support for the development of enterprises, the establishment of a government of integrity and creation This will actively support the national industry in the next time Economic integration is deepening (iii) Solutions relating to technology 23 24 CONCLUSION further evidence and scientific arguments on the issue of supply (1) The thesis deepens the concept of supply chain, global supply chain, global supply chain participation (2) The thesis shows groups of factors that hinder firms from participating in the global supply chain, including: (i) Factos coming from the inside of enterprises and (ii) Factors coming from the outside of enterprises (3) The thesis analyzes in more detail the complex relationship between "Limitaion on skilled human resources", "Limitaion on technology capacity", "Limitation on capital", “Inadequacy of government support policies”; “Limitation of international culture and policy”; “Restrictions from the chain leader” and “The global supply chain participation” (4) The thesis analyzes the experiences of Japan, New Zealand, Australia and one corporation (IKEA) and brings out some lessons for Viet Nam in enhancing the participation of processing and manufacturing enterprises in the global supply chain in Vietnam (5) The thesis demonstrates the impeding impact of factors: limitation on skilled human resources; limitation on technology capacity; limitation on capital; inadequacy of government support policies; restrictions from the chain leader in different aspects (for enterprises that have not involved in the supply chain and for enterprises that have participated in the supply chain) corresponding to each component of factors (6) The thesis proposes solutions and recommendation to help businesses overcome barriers and increase participation in the global supply chain in the next time The author hopes that the results of the thesis will contribute chain participation and the factors that influence the supply chain participation The results of this thesis add a scientific basis to economic policy makers, regulators on FDI and trade, and researchers in management… in a developing country like Vietnam./  ... Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain in Vietnam, including 24 first-tier categories from 10 to 33 according to the Decision No 10/2007 /QD-TTg... situation of the supply chain in the processing and manufacturing industry in Vietnam - To study the factors that hinder Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global... argues that the impact of factors that hinder Vietnamese processing and manufacturing enterprises from joining in the global supply chain in Vietnam is manifested in many ways (based on the elements