Handbook of research on examining global peacemaking in the digital age

Handbook of Research on Examining Global Peacemaking in the Digital Age Bruce L Cook Chicago ORT Technical Institute, USA A volume in the Advances in Public Policy and Administration (APPA) Book Series Published in the United States of America by IGI Global Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 701 E Chocolate Avenue Hershey PA, USA 17033 Tel: 717-533-8845 Fax: 717-533-8661 E-mail: cust@igi-global.com Web site: http://www.igi-global.com Copyright © 2018 by IGI Global All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Cook, Bruce L., 1942- editor Title: Handbook of research on examining global peacemaking in the digital age / Bruce L Cook, editor Description: Hershey PA : Information Science Reference, [2018] Identifiers: LCCN 2017012048| ISBN 9781522530329 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781522530336 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Peace-building Technological innovations | Peacekeeping forces Classification: LCC JZ5538 H363 2018 | DDC 327.1/72 dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017012048 This book is published in the IGI Global book series Advances in Public Policy and Administration (APPA) (ISSN: 24756644; eISSN: 2475-6652) British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library All work contributed to this book is new, previously-unpublished material The views expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher For electronic access to this publication, please contact: eresources@igi-global.com. 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means – graphics, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information and retrieval systems – without written permission from the publisher, except for non commercial, educational use, including classroom teaching purposes The views expressed in this series are those of the authors, but not necessarily of IGI Global Titles in this Series For a list of additional titles in this series, please visit: www.igi-global.com/book-series Establishing Food Security and Alternatives to International Trade in Emerging Economies Vasily Erokhin (Harbin Engineering University, China) Business Science Reference • copyright 2018 • 406pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781522527336) • US $195.00 (our price) Smart Technologies for Emergency Response and Disaster Management Zhi Liu (Waseda University, Japan) and Kaoru Ota (Muroran Institute of Technology, Japan) Information Science Reference • copyright 2018 • 312pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781522525752) • US $225.00 (our price) Driving Efficiency in 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• H/C (ISBN: 9781522523918) • US $175.00 (our price) Therapeutic Jurisprudence and Overcoming Violence Against Women Debarati Halder (Centre for Cyber Victim Counselling (CCVC), India & Unitedworld School of Law, India) and K Jaishankar (Raksha Shakti University, India) Information Science Reference • copyright 2017 • 344pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781522524724) • US $230.00 (our price) Public Sector Entrepreneurship and the Integration of Innovative Business Models Mateusz Lewandowski (Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland) and Barbara Kożuch (Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland) Business Science Reference • copyright 2017 • 309pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781522522157) • US $190.00 (our price) 701 East Chocolate Avenue, Hershey, PA 17033, USA Tel: 717-533-8845 x100 • Fax: 717-533-8661 E-Mail: cust@igi-global.com • www.igi-global.com Editorial Advisory Board Maria Cristina Azcona, Worldwide Peace Organization, Argentina George A Barnett, University of California – Davis, USA Harold W Becker, The Love Foundation Inc., USA Rais Neza Boneza, Transcend Global Network, Norway Carol McPeak Brinjak, Point Park University, USA Margaret Canary, Independent Researcher, USA Kumar Dhal, Magadh University, India Rachel Goldberg, DePauw University, USA Ernesto Kahan, Tel Aviv University, Israel Eralda Kanacevic, Oakton Community College, USA Jang Hung Kim, Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea Bob Kisiki, Literary RTI International, Uganda Maximiliano Emanuel Korstanje, University of Palermo, Argentina Muli wa Kyendo, Syokimau Cultural Centre, Kenya Glen Martin, Radford University, USA Ikbal Maulana, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jakarta, Indonesia Jeff Mikyska, Holy Trinity Church, USA Mladen Milosevic, University of Belgrade, Serbia Kenneth Mulholland, The Authorme Group, Australia John Oryem, PEAL, South Sudan Bishnu Pathak, Commission of Investigation on Enforced Disappeared Persons, Nepal Surendra Kumar Pathak, IASE Deemed University, India Bernie Phillips, Interdisciplinary Education Group, USA Sapto Priyanto, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia Nenad Putnik, University of Belgrade, Serbia Idhamsyah Eka Putra, Persada Indonesia University, Indonesia James Ranney, Widener University School of Law, USA Maitreyee Bardhan Roy, University of Calcutta, India Claude Shema Rutagengwa, Cardiff University, UK Murat Seyfi, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Turkey Lida Sherafatmand, Independent Researcher, Malta   Sunita Singh-Sengupta, University of Delhi, India Gospava Risto Stojanović, University of Belgrade, Serbia Ashok Chakravarthy Tholana, Independent Researcher, India Laj Utreja, Institute of Spiritual Harmony, USA Rene Wadlow, Association of World Citizens, France Polly Walker, Juniata College, USA List of Contributors Abdosamadi, Ali / Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Iran 185 Arimbi, Reisa Suci / Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia 94 Ayoola-Amale, Ayo / First Conflict Resolution Services Inc., Ghana 211 Barnett, George A / University of California – Davis, USA 145 Becker, Harold W / The Love Foundation Inc., USA 372 Boneza, Rais Neza / TRANSCEND International, Norway 195 Brinjak, Carol McPeak / Point Park University, USA 324 Cook, Bruce L / Chicago ORT Technical Institute, USA 127 Cook, Bruce Lawrence / Chicago ORT Technical Institute, USA 202 Danamasi, Dimas Okto / Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia & Universitas Atma Jaya, Indonesia 94 Feng, Bo / University of California – Davis, USA 145 Gayatriprana, Sister / Independent Researcher, UK 257 Hellmich, Philip / The Shift Network, USA 19 Holou, Roland / DiasporaEngager, USA 335 Jiang, Ke / University of California – Davis, USA 145 Johnson, Kurt / The Interspiritual Network, USA 19 Korstanje, Maximiliano Emanuel / University of Palermo, Argentina 169 Kumar, Dhal Pravat / Magadh University, India 284 Kyendo, Muli wa / Syokimau Cultural Centre, Kenya 350 Lee, Steven P / Hobart and William Smith Colleges, USA 45 Mallawaarachchi, Chammika / University of Visual and Performing Arts, Sri Lanka 303 Martin, Glen T / Radford University, USA 276 Martin, Glen Theron / Radford University, USA 361 Maulana, Ikbal / Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia 51 Meyerhof, Nina / City College of New York, USA 315 Milošević, Mladen / University of Belgrade, Serbia Pathak, Bishnu / Commission of Investigation on Enforced Disappeared Persons, Nepal 70 Priyanto, Sapto / Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia 94 Putnik, Nenad / University of Belgrade, Serbia Putra, Idhamsyah Eka / Persada Indonesia University, Indonesia 94,243 Rufaedah, Any / Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama, Indonesia & Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia 94,243 Seyfi, Murat / Gaziosmanpaşa University, Turkey 116 Shema, Claude R / Cardiff University, UK 224 Stojanović, Gospava Risto / University of Belgrade, Serbia 30 Taylor, Laramie D / University of California – Davis, USA 145  Table of Contents Foreword xxii Preface xxiii Acknowledgment xxxi Section The Problem of Peacemaking Chapter Trends in Peace Research: Can Cyber Détente Lead to Lasting Peace? Nenad Putnik, University of Belgrade, Serbia Mladen Milošević, University of Belgrade, Serbia Chapter Sacred and Secular Activists Are Now Joining Their Strategies for Peacebuilding 19 Philip Hellmich, The Shift Network, USA Kurt Johnson, The Interspiritual Network, USA Section Main Threats to World Peace Chapter The Role of Education in Reducing the Threat of Nuclear War 30 Gospava Risto Stojanović, University of Belgrade, Serbia Chapter Minimizing the Danger of Nuclear Weapons 45 Steven P Lee, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, USA Chapter Mutual Understanding in the Age of Vulnerable Truth 51 Ikbal Maulana, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia    Section Social Actions as a Solution Chapter Process Documentation of Interfaith Peacebuilding Cycle: A Case Study From Nepal 70 Bishnu Pathak, Commission of Investigation on Enforced Disappeared Persons, Nepal Chapter Tackling Islamic Terrorism and Radicalism in Indonesia by Increasing the Sense of Humanity and Friendship 94 Idhamsyah Eka Putra, Persada Indonesia University, Indonesia Dimas Okto Danamasi, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia & Universitas Atma Jaya, Indonesia Any Rufaedah, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama, Indonesia & Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia Reisa Suci Arimbi, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia Sapto Priyanto, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia Section The Problem of Media Chapter Identity and Social Peace in the Digital World 116 Murat Seyfi, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Turkey Chapter Social Media and Peacemaking: A Snapshot of Literature 127 Bruce L Cook, Chicago ORT Technical Institute, USA Chapter 10 Dynamic Co-Evolutions of Peace Frames in the United States, Mainland China, and Hong Kong: A Semantic Network Analysis 145 Ke Jiang, University of California – Davis, USA George A Barnett, University of California – Davis, USA Laramie D Taylor, University of California – Davis, USA Bo Feng, University of California – Davis, USA Chapter 11 Mediating Death: The Role of Mass Media in Thana-Capitalism 169 Maximiliano Emanuel Korstanje, University of Palermo, Argentina Chapter 12 Social Media and Democracy 185 Ali Abdosamadi, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Iran Compilation of References Withnall, A (2015) If these extraordinarily powerful images of a dead Syrian child washed up on a beach don’t change Europe’s attitude to refugees, what will? Independent Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ if-these-extraordinarily-powerful-images-of-a-dead-syrian-child-washed-up-on-a-beach-don-t-change-10482757.html Wolfsfeld, G (2003) The Role of the News Media in Peace Negotiations: Variations over Time and Circumstance In J Darby & R Mac Ginty (Eds.), Contemporary Peacemaking: Conflict, Violence and Peace Processes Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan Wolterink, J (2006) Media as a tool for Reconciliation? A study on the contribution of media-oriented projects of NGOs to the reconciliation process of Bosnia and Herzegovina Centre for International Development Issues Nijmegen (CIDIN) Radboud University Nijmegen Publications Retrieved from http://www.denieuwereporter.nl/wp-content/ uploads/2007/08/scriptiecompleet2.pdf Women, U N (2013) The Mary Robinson Foundation—Climate Justice (2013) The full view: Advancing the goal of gender balance in multilateral and intergovernmental processes Author Women, U N (2015) Facts and figures: Leadership and political participation Consultado em julho, 14, 2015 Retrieved from http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/leadership-and-political-participation Women, U N (2017) Women in Politics 2017 Map Retrieved from http://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2017/4/women-in-politics-2017-map Wood, E J (2003) Modeling Robust Settlements to Civil War: Indivisible Stakes and Distributional Compromises Santa Fe Institute Working Paper Retrieved from http://www.santafe.edu/media/workingpapers/03-10-056.pdf Wordsworth, W (1952) Intimations of Immortality In Immortal Poems of the English Language (p 262) New York: Pocket Books, Inc World Citizen Foundation (2017) Retrieved from http://www.worldcitizen.org/ World Federalist Movement (WFM) (n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.wfm-igp.org/about/overview World Service Authority (2017) Retrieved from https://www.google.com/#q=world+service+authority World Service Org (2017) Retrieved from http://www.worldservice.org/reg.html?s=1 Wortham, J (2016) Is Social Media Disconnecting Us from the Big Picture? Retrieved from http://www.nytimes com/2016/11/22/magazine/is-social-media-disconnecting-us-from-the-big-picture.html?utm_content=socialchampNk z8bmSbGG&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=socialchamp.io Wright, L L (2016) Perceptions About Posting: A Survey of Community Journalists About Social Media Postings Community Journalism, 5(1), 24–40 Wu, M (2006) Framing AIDS in China: A comparative analysis of U.S and Chinese wire news coverage of HIV/AIDS in China Asian Journal of Communication, 16(3), 251–272 doi:10.1080/01292980600857781 Wynn, R., Wilburn, S T., & West-Olatunji, C (2010) Multiculturalism, Conflict Transformation, and Peacebuilding: Practitioner and Client Working Together In C C Carter (Ed.), Conflict Resolution and Peace Education: Transformations across Disciplines Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan doi:10.1057/9780230107830_2 X, M (1964) Malcolm X’s speech, The Ballot or the Bullet YouTube video Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=7oVW3HfzXkg Xi, J P (2015) Chinese President Xi Jinping Addresses the American Public, September 22 Retrieved from http://www ncuscr.org/content/full-text-president-xi-jinpings-speech 421 Compilation of References Xinhua News Agency (2013) Beijing tourism Retrieved from http://english.visitbeijing.com.cn/jb/n214797833.shtml Yan, H (2015) How is ISIS luring Westerners? Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/23/world/isis-luringwesterners/ Yates, J (2016) “Anonymous” and frame construction in social media (Unpublished doctoral dissertation) Northern Illinois University Young, C (2003) Explaining the Conflict Potential of Ethnicity In J Darby & R Mac Ginty (Eds.), Contemporary Peacemaking: Conflict, Violence and Peace Processes New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan Young, J (2005) Sudan: A flawed peace process leading to a flawed peace Review of African Political Economy, 32(103), 99–113 doi:10.1080/03056240500121008 Zemke, R., Raines, C., & Filipczak, B (2000) Generations at work: Managing the clash of Veterans, Boomers, Xers, and Nexters in your workplace New York, NY: Amacom Zhou, Y Z (2015) English newspapers in British Colonial Hong Kong: The case of the South China Morning Post (1903-1941) Critical Arts: South-North Cultural and Media Studies, 29, 26-40 doi:10.1080/02560046.2015.10096 Žižek, S (2003) The puppet and the dwarf: The perverse core of Christianity Cambridge, MA: MIT Press Ђармати, Ш (2004) Разорне силе Београд, РС: Радничка штампа Јовић, Р (1999) Основе атомско-биолошко-хемијске одбране и заштите Београд, РС: Факултет одбране и заштите Универзитета у Београду Лазаревић, И., & Радовановић, Р (2015) Тероризам оружјем за масовно уништавање Београд, РС: Криминалистичко-полицијска академија 422 423 About the Contributors Bruce Cook lives in Elgin, Illinois His favorite things to include writing, websites, gardening, driving, and scuba diving He has a B.A in Radio-Television from Ohio Wesleyan University, an M.A in Speech Arts from San Diego State University, and a Ph.D in Communication from Temple University, Philadelphia In July 2016, he joined Maria Cristina Azcona as co-editor of Strategies for Peace (Cook Communication) He published a novel, Harmony of Nations: 1943 – 2020, with JustFiction Editions in 2012 He serves on the faculty of ORT Technical Institute in Skokie, IL A Fellow on World Mediation Organization, he serves as Vice President/Founder of Worldwide Peace Organization, and serves as Executive Vice-President for Publicity for the International Association of Educators for World peace He serves as a board member of Global Harmony Organization He has an annual listing in Marquis Who’s Who in America He has developed a variety of websites, starting with www.author-me.com in 1999 These include www.wwpo.org, www.innisfreepoetry.org, www.enskyment.org, www.reservebooks.com, www.worldsundayschool.com *** Reisa Suci Arimbi is a research analyst at Center for Police Studies and Terrorism Research in University of Indonesia She received Bachelor degree in Psychology from State Islamic University Jakarta and currently is pursuing a master degree in applied psychology, with major in social intervention, at Universitas Indonesia Ayo Ayoola-Amale is a Solicitor, Educator, ADR Practitioner, Poet and Peace Activist She is the Lead, First Conflict Resolution Services Inc and a University Law Lecturer A Certified Mediator with an excellent record of wisdom, peace-making, trustworthiness, and neutrality, good listening and communication skills George A Barnett is Distinguished Professor of Communication at the University of California at Davis Professor Barnett has served as Chair of the Communication and Technology Division of the International Communication Association, and President of the International Network for Social Network Analysis (INSNA) He edited the Handbook of Organizational Communication, Communication: Emerging Perspectives, Advances in Communication Sciences, The Diffusion of Innovation: A Communication Science Perspective, and Encyclopedia of Social Networks He has authored over 100 articles on social and communication networks, Substantively, he studies international networks emphasizing telecommunications and its role in the process of globalization  About the Contributors Harold W Becker is the Founder and President of the internationally recognized nonprofit, The Love Foundation Inc (www.thelovefoundation.com) and conceived the annual celebration of humanity known as Global Love Day each May 1st He resides in Florida (USA) and is the author of five books including, Unconditional Love - An Unlimited Way of Being; Internal Power: Seven Doorways to Self Discovery; Unconditional Love Is Appreciating Aspects of Life; Inspiring Unconditional Love - Reflections from the Heart; and Inspiring Unconditional Love – More Reflections from the Heart He received his MBA from the University of Tampa in 1988 and is dedicated to understanding the nature of our potential and raising the awareness of humanity Through his company, Internal Insights (www.internalinsights.com), he continues to share his powerful understanding about life through books, public speaking, consulting, a PBS television special, and workshops, and also sits on various global advisory boards Raïs Neza Boneza (Norway/ Democratic Republic of Congo [Ex-Zaire]), BA in Social Sciences, MA of Humanities, Author and Poet He currently lives in Norway where he works as a peace researcher and practitioner Raïs is also a poet who besides writing his own poetry works to promote artistic expressions as a means to deal with conflicts and maintaining mental well-being and spiritual growth after surviving war He has lived in the east and in the west of Africa He has learned seven African languages as well as the European languages and has got first-hand knowledge of the cultures of various tribes and the main ethnic groups in the region This background, combined with his sensitive artistic mind and his scholarly background including his collaboration with one of the founders of peace research Johan Galtung, has equipped his analytical faculties with unique instruments to extend the project that Galtung has developed since the mid 90’, to the African continent He is the author of fiction as well as non-fiction, poetry books and articles He is also an activist and peace practitioner For his work for peace and conflict transformation, he received an Honorary doctorate degree (Doctor Honoris Causa] from the Institute of Management Sciences and the Universite du CEPROMEC in Burundi 2008 He is co-convener of TRANSCEND Global Network; a Peace Development Environment Network He has travelled extensively in Africa and around the world as a lecturer, educator and consultant for various NGOs and institutions His work is premised on art, healing, solidarity, peace, conflict transformation and human dignity issues Mr Raïs Neza Boneza work also as freelance journalist based in Trondheim, Norway Carol McPeak Brinjak has earned a BA, summa cum laude, from the University of Pittsburgh and an MA from St John’s College (the “great books” college) in Santa Fe In addition, she has a Certified Employee Benefits (“CEBS”) designation from the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School of Business After serving as Director of Human Resources at Reed Smith, a Pittsburgh law firm, she held the position of Office Manager at Pittsburgh Opera, where she currently volunteers as editor of educational materials Following twelve years as Adjunct Professor of English at Point Park University in Pittsburgh, she now works as a writing tutor in the University’s Center for Student Success She is a Notary Public in Allegheny County, PA Dimas Okto Danamasi a rearcher in the division for applied social psychology research at Daya Makara Universitas Indonesia and Lecturer in the department of psychology at Atma Jaya University He was researcher in the Center for Police and Terrorism Research, Universitas Indonesia, from 2012 to July 2017 He received master degree in Psychology from University of Indonesia His studies focus on terrorism, intergroup relation, intergroup conflict, and identity fusion 424 About the Contributors Pravat Dhal has more than 20 years experience in primary, secondary and tertiary levels His area of research is philosophy of education and allied issues of education His fields of interest are: Educational Philosophy, Distance Education, Quality Management in Education, Teacher Education, Teaching Mathematics, Educational Research, Spiritual Leadership in Education & Guidance and Counselling He has had 30 articles and six books to his credit He has attended 30 educational seminars, conferences & workshops at national and international levels He is a member of seven renowned professional organisations in India and abroad Bo Feng has expertise in interpersonal, supportive and intercultural communication Her scholarship focuses primarily on supportive communication, which includes a broad range of situations in which people interact with the intention of seeking or providing some form of assistance to cope with a problematic situation She has published research that examines supportive communication processes in face-to-face, personal relationship contexts as well as technologically mediated environments (e.g., online communities) and professional settings (e.g., physician-patient interactions during primary care visits) In addition to her appointment in the Department of Communication, she is a faculty member of the Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, the Institute for Social Sciences, the Feminist Research Institute at UC Davis, and the Center for Design in the Public Interest Sister Gayatriprana (Jean C MacPhail, MB., ChB., PhD) is an independent scholar A pravrajika (sannyasini) of the Ramakrishna Order of India, she is also a medical doctor, a graduate of the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, and later a research fellow in pathology in Harvard University (1971-72) Philip M Hellmich is Director of Peace at The Shift Network, director of The Summer of Peace, co-producer of Yoga Day Summit and lead designer of the World Peace Library The Summer of Peace is an annual event created by The Shift Network in 2012 that includes a free online telesummit featuring interviews with peacebuilders from around the world In 2012, Philip presented on the Summer of Peace at the first United Nations High Level Forum on the Culture of Peace That forum was opened by UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon In 2013, the United Nations published an article about the Summer of Peace in its UNITY magazine in China - (edited version) Creating a New Narrative of Peace: From Inner Peace to International Peacebuilding Philip was the initiator and lead architect of the first virtual World Peace Library Launched in 2014, the library includes interviews of over 350 peacebuilders representing over 15 sectors of society, including science, spirituality, education, business, military, etc Having conducted a majority of these interviews, Philip has a bird’s eye view of the larger peacebuilding trends emerging around the world Philip has dedicated most of his life to global and local peacebuilding initiatives, including 14 years with Search for Common Ground He also served for four years as a Peace Corps Volunteer in Sierra Leone where he lived and worked in small remote bush villages A published writer, Philip is author of God and Conflict: A Search for Peace in a Time of Crisis with a Foreword by Lama Surya Das He serves as adviser to The Global Peace Initiative of Women A long-time meditation practitioner, Philip enjoys studying and teaching about the parallels between inner and outer peace 425 About the Contributors Roland Holou is a scientist, a businessman, a published author, and an international consultant His areas of expertise are agribusiness, biotechnology, diaspora engagement, Africa development, plant biology, genetics, physiology, rangeland management, soil science, microbiology, entomology, biochemistry, ecology, and statistics Dr Roland Holou is a dual citizen of Benin Republic (West Africa) and the USA He obtained his Bachelor Degree in Agronomy and his Master of Science Degree in Agricultural Engineering at the University of Abomey Calavi in Benin He has a Ph.D in Plant, Insect and Microbial Sciences at the University of Missouri (USA) where he graduated as the Doctoral Marshal (first of his class) Roland Holou is the Founder and CEO of DiasporaEngager (www.DiasporaEngager.com), the premier global diaspora engagement network platform that connects the international diasporas to each other and to opportunities with governments, nonprofits, businesses, laboratories, international institutions, schools, and research institutions DiasporaEngager is also a think tank and a consulting company that helps the diasporas and their stakeholders to locate, engage, and network with each other and with their country of origin and their current country of residence Dr Roland Holou is the architect of the world’s largest map of the diaspora and their stakeholders (https://diasporaengager.com/map/) To learn more about Roland Holou’s work concerning the international diaspora engagement, please visit his blog at www.DiasporasNews.com Before founding DiasporaEngager, Roland worked as a plant biotechnology research scientist in the USA He also has held international positions including the International Chair of the “Sweet Sorghum Ethanol Association”, and the “International Service in Agronomy Award Committee” at the American Society of Agronomy Roland Holou is a member of several professional associations including: American Chemical Society, Association of African Agricultural Professionals in the Diaspora, French Writers Association, American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, Sweet Sorghum Ethanol Association, International Association for Plant Biotechnology, American Society of Plant Biologists, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Canadian Society for Engineering in Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Biological Systems; American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, American Society for Microbiology, American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Benin Association of Pastoralism, etc Throughout his career, Dr Roland Holou has received many awards and honors such as: “National Association of Distinguished Professionals”, “Top Ranked U.S Executives Award by National Council of American Executives”; “Who’s Who in the World”; “Who’s Who in America”; “Cambridge Who’s Who among Executives, Professionals and Entrepreneurs”; “Doctoral Marshal”; “Rollins Society Inductee”; etc Ke Jiang is a PhD candidate in the department of Communication at University of California, Davis She received her M.A from the University of Science and Technology of China in 2010 She was a news anchor in China Economic Radio Station of Anhui Province Her research focuses on news framing in the era of globalization, communication network analysis, semantic network analysis, network dynamics, network co-evolution, network visualization, intercultural communication, and cultural convergence 426 About the Contributors Kurt Johnson is a co-founder of The Interspiritual Network (www.interspirituality.com) and a major voice in the emerging global interspiritual paradigm A long-term associate of interspiritual pioneer Br Wayne Teasdale, Kurt has been in the science/spirituality discussion for over 40 years, associated with the American Museum of Natural History and the One Spirit Interfaith Seminary in New York City for over twenty-five years A comparative religionist also with a PhD in evolution and ecology, he is co-author of The Coming Interspiritual Age (2013), Fine Lines (on genius in science and art) (2016), Ethics, Values and the New UN Development Agenda (2016) and Nabokov’s Blues (1999) Author also of over two hundred technical scientific publications and scores of articles on spirituality, religion and interfaith, he serves on the United Nations Spirituality, Values and Global Concerns and The International Yoga Day He is also President of Friends of the Institute of Noetic Sciences, Vice-President of the National Ethical Service (www.nationalserviceaeu.org), a co-founder of Forum 21 Institute (a forum of UN NGO’s visioning the 21st Century, www.forum21.co), and a member of The Evolutionary Leaders (www.evolutionaryleaders.net) More information is at www.thecominginterspiritualage.com and Wikipedia (Kurt Johnson, Entomologist) Maximiliano Korstanje is a Reader at University of Palermo, Argentina Korstanje is editor in chief of International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism (IGI-GlobalUS) Besides being Senior Researchers in the Department of Economics at University of Palermo, Argentina, he is a global affiliate of Tourism Crisis Management Institute (University of Florida US), Centre for Ethnicity and Racism Studies (University of Leeds) Korstanje was visiting Researcher at University of Leeds, UK, and at University of La Habana, Cuba His recent books include The rise of Thana Capitalism and Tourism, Routledge, 2017, Terrorism, Tourism and The end of hospitality in the West, Palgrave Macmillan 2017 and Virtual Traumaescapes and exploring the roots of Dark Tourism, IGI Global 2017 Korstanje has been nominated to honorary doctorates for his contributions to the understanding of modern terrorism and its effects on mobilities Muli wa Kyendo is a journalist, author,f ounder and director of the Syokimau Cultural Centre His special interest centers on the role of folktales in inter ethnic peace He has published a chapter, “A Movement for Social Change with Folktales? Here is how we are doing it at the Syokimau Cultural Centre” in Strategies for Peace by Bruce L Cook and Maria Cristina Azcona (eds), Cook Communication, USA, July, 2016 His recently published book, Kioko and the Legend of the Plains, has been described as, “a tale that is steeped in culture, that illustrates a beautiful setting, and that shows how two cultures who previously thought they were enemies can live in harmony” He read sociology at the University of Nairobi and Freie Universität, Berlin before training as journalist in London He has held senior writing and editing positions in leading newspapers and broadcasting stations and has taught journalism in various universities and colleges Steven Lee teaches philosophy at Hobart and William Smith Colleges in Geneva, New York He writes on issues in social, moral, and political philosophy, especially on morality and war He is the author of Ethics and War (Cambridge, 2012) and Morality, Prudence, and Nuclear Weapons (Cambridge, 1993) and editor of Intervention, Terrorism, and Torture: Contemporary Challenges to Just War Theory (Springer, 2007) 427 About the Contributors Glen T Martin, Ph.D., is Professor of Philosophy and Chair Emeritus of the program in Peace Studies at Radford University in Virginia, USA He is President of the Institute on World Problems (IOWP) and President of the World Constitution and Parliament Association (WCPA), organizations that sponsor the Constitution for the Federation of Earth He has traveled and lectured worldwide on behalf of the Earth Constitution and the philosophical foundations of emerging world law, as well as on behalf of WCPA projects such as sessions of the Provisional World Parliament and the development of a World Court system He has received several international peace awards, including the GUSI Peace Prize International in Manila, Philippines, 2013 He has published dozens of articles in popular as well as academic venues He is author or editor of eleven books, including his well-known book, Millennium Dawn: the Philosophy of Planetary Crisis and Human Liberation (2005) and his latest book, One World Renaissance: Holistic Planetary Transformation through a Global Social Contract (2016) (www oneworldrenaissance.com) His university website can be found at www.radford.edu/gmartin WCPA websites include www.earth-constitution.org and www.worldparliament-gov.org Ikbal Maulana is a researcher in the Center for Science and Technology Development Studies, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (PAPPIPTEK – LIPI) His research interests include sociology of knowledge, knowledge management, sociology of technology and philosophy of technology Recently, due to what is happen in Indonesian politics and society, he focuses his research on the impact of social media on politics, social transformation, as well as individual transformation Mladen Milošević, graduated (1998), finished MA (2008) and Ph.D thesis (2012) at the Belgrade University-Faculty of Law In 2006, he obtained an Executive Certificate in Counterterrorism Studies, by finishing six courses program organized at the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya - the Lauder school of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy and the International Institute for Counterterrorism He has work at the Belgrade University - Faculty of Security Studies, as an Assistant Professor, since 2013 At the same Faculty, he previously worked as a Teaching assistant (2003 – 2008) and Instructor (2008 – 2012) He also performs a duty of CEO at the Security Innovation Center of the Faculty of Security StudiesBelgrade University, since its founding in 2011 He has participated in research projects supported by the Ministry of Science, Education and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia He has published in the areas of Criminal Law (focusing on the topics of Corporate and Political Cime), The Law of National Security and Legal aspects of Risk assessment and Crisis Management Bishnu Pathak is the creator of the Peace-Conflict Lifecycle, the architect of Human Security Studies, the founder of the Principles of Process Documentation (End-to-End-Lifecycle) of any development project and the pioneer of Process Documentation for Interfaith Peacebuilding Cycle His modest finding “Peace-Conflict Lifecycle” has been nominated for Nobel Peace Prize Award by the Government of Nepal in 2016 Arduous Mr Pathak is a professor of human security studies who holds a PhD in interdisciplinary “Conflict Management and Human Rights” An immensely versatile personality, Professor Pathak is born into a poor family in a remote eastern hill-mountain Professor Pathak has been working as a Commissioner at the Commission for Investigation on Enforced Disappeared Persons (CIEDP) for the sake of truth, justice, prosecution, healing, protection and reparation for dignity He is the Board Member at TRANSCEND Peace University, Vice President at the Global Harmony Association, Founding Chairman at Peace and Conflict Studies Center and among others He is the author of more than 100 international papers and has coauthored several books on human security, transitional justice, human 428 About the Contributors rights, DDR-SSR, civil military relations, conflict transformation, peace, community policing, federalism, principles of harmony including Nepal’s 2008 Constituent Assembly Elections: Converting Bullets to Ballots, East-West Center Bulletin and World’s Disappearance Commissions: An Inhumanious Quest for Truth, World Journal of Social Science Journal His book Politics of People’s War and Human Rights in Nepal (2005) is a widely circulated volume Many of his phenomenal publications are incorporated as references in different universities across the globe Busy and dedicated schedules always keep him in low innocent profile (short profile at https://www.transcend.org/tms/2016/01/bishnu-pathaks-ninefreedoms-doctrine-to-truth-justice-and-dignity/) He presents himself genuinely among the populace pursuing “do no harm” approach and follows either win-win or lose-lose game theory, especially reflected in his (conflict) transformative works A generalist, Professor Pathak’s major ideas are measured through freedoms doctrine He is committed to continue his exceptional contributions in future through unwavering teachings, researching, and writings for the universal social betterment On top of that, his innovative analyses are mostly drawn from yesterday’s publications, experiencing intricacies today, and hopes for basic needs and freedoms met universe tomorrow His entire works advocate for a world without war to ensure safety of children, men and women in schools, homes and jobs His prime thrust is to liberate the people from injustice, inequity, indignity, insecurity, intolerance, inharmony, and inhibition which are found widespread in the society Trans-disciplinary Prof Pathak firmly believes that injustice happened anywhere is a struggle to justice everywhere Sapto Priyanto is a Lecturer in the Department of Criminology and Senior Researcher in the Center for Police and Terrorism Research at University of Indonesia He is Doctoral student in Criminology at University of Indonesia He received his master degree in Criminology from University of Indonesia His interests are in terrorism, prison, and security system Nenad Putnik, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor at the University of Belgrade - Faculty of Security Studies He obtained his BA degree in Philosophy at the University of Belgrade - Faculty of Philosophy, and his Master and Ph.D degrees in Security Studies at the University of Belgrade - Faculty of Security Studies He works at the Belgrade University - Faculty of Security Studies, as an Assistant Professor, since 2013 At the same Faculty, he previously worked as a Teaching assistant (2004 – 2008) and Instructor (2008 – 2012) He has published in the areas of Conflict Theories, Conflict Management, Human Security and Cyber Security Idhamsyah Eka Putra is Lecturer at Persada Indonesia University and Division Manager for Applied Social Psychology Research, Daya Makara Universitas Indonesia From June 2015 to July 2017 He was a senior researcher at the Center for Police and Terrorism Research at Universitas Indonesia He holds a doctoral degree (with distinction) in Psychology from Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Austria He received his master degree in Psychology from the University of Indonesia From 2007 to 2012, He worked as a research analyst at the Center for Psychology Research University of Indonesia (LPPsi UI) He taught courses related to social psychology at Atma Jaya University (2014) and Bina Nusantara University (2008 – 2010), Indonesia His research interest is in Social Psychology studying prejudice, (Islamic) terrorism, intergroup relations, social exclusions, and intergroup Conflicts 429 About the Contributors Any Rufaedah is lecturer at department of psychology Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Indonesia and researcher at Center for Police and Terrorism Research-Universitas Indonesia She received her bachelor’s degree in Psychology and master’s degree in Social Psychology She was an adjunct lecturer in the psychology program in Universitas Paramadina Her studies focus on terrorism, radicalism, religiosity, women, and well-being Murat Seyfi is an assistant professor at the department of Public Relations and Advertising He studied for Master’s Degree in Lifelong Education Department and has works on “self-directed learning” His doctorate topic was “storytelling as a communication tool” He is conducting interdisciplinary studies on both communication and education areas He serves as Coordinator of Awareness, Informing and Training Unit in the office of technology transfer in The University of Gaziosmanpaşa as well as his academic duty in the same university Within the framework of his duty, he gives lectures to university students on entrepreneurship, creative thinking, digital literacy in entrepreneurship He also mentors on early identification of successful business ideas in Entrepreneurship and Innovation Centre which is established within the structure of technology transfer office His current research is on storytelling, social media, creativity, entrepreneurship, communication technology, digital literacy, interpersonal communication and appreciative inquiry His publications have appeared in many international journals Claude R Shema MD., Msc., & PhD (candidate) at Lancaster University (City of Lancaster, UK) with focus in mental health clinical research, and Transcultural psychiatry Graduated from Cardiff University (Wales), Medical school, with post-graduate Master’s of science degree in clinical psychiatry, with focus on conduct disorder (callous-unemotional trait sub-types) in children and antisocial behavior (juvenile delinquency) Dr Shema is also the CEO & Founder of Eureka Discovery Institute, with focus on research, counseling, coaching, and clinical interventions Dr Shema research focuses on biopsychosocial model (Biological, psychological, and social) aspects for treatment and prevention, through pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and social aspects of unmet needs Beside being active practitioner in mental health field, he is also a peace activist, former UNESCO country focal point for Rwanda, founder of Great Lakes Peace Initiatives, a non profit organization operated in the aftermath of 1994 Rwanda genocide, in the former Zaire & Current Democratic Republic of Congo He has also international consultant status with variety of organizations, in public institutions and private sectors Laramie D Taylor is an associate professor in the Communication Department of the University of California Davis where he studies media uses and effects 430 431 Index A Africa 24, 34, 107, 117, 195-200, 214, 226, 228, 337338, 341, 350-353, 361 agape 362 Age of Anger 262 Aggression 8-10, 15, 83, 101, 365, 376 ahimsa 361-362, 369 Algorithms 61, 63, 140, 152, 257, 260-262, 264-267 Altruistic Learning 317 Apologize 243, 250-253, 337 Arab Spring 24, 55, 57, 127, 130, 138, 141, 188-190, 230, 232 aspiration 106, 195, 199, 290, 294 B Bahrain 130, 188 Balkanization 264 Buddha 257, 266-268, 270 C Capitalism 119, 169-180, 184, 278-279, 341-343, 364, 366 Carter 327-328 Censorship 132, 186-188, 208, 231 Change 22-23, 27, 38, 49, 52, 70-71, 78, 83-84, 87, 8990, 97-99, 104, 107, 119, 130, 134-136, 162, 172, 198-199, 206, 212, 216-218, 220, 226, 229-230, 232-233, 258, 262, 264, 271, 278, 284, 286-288, 290, 297, 304, 307, 309, 311, 315-316, 318-319, 321-322, 353, 355, 362-363, 367, 372-373, 375377, 379-380, 382-383 Children of the Earth 315, 318-322 Classroom Settings 303, 306-307, 309-312 Co-existence 70-72 Cognitive Complexity 94, 102, 111 Collaboration 191, 211, 216, 218, 220, 293, 319, 347, 378-380, 384 common humanity 19, 26, 277, 280-281, 319, 362 Compassion 19, 25-26, 95, 212, 267, 277, 280-281, 287, 315, 318, 321, 374, 376, 379 Complementarity 270 Conceptual and Experiential 269 Conflict 1-3, 5-6, 8-11, 15, 18, 23-25, 33, 37, 40, 47, 53-56, 59-60, 62, 70-73, 75, 77-78, 81, 84-87, 8990, 96-98, 104, 127-128, 134, 137-138, 164, 178, 186, 198-200, 211, 213, 216, 224-226, 229, 231, 237-238, 265, 304-307, 309, 321, 335, 337-340, 343-344, 351-355, 358, 368-369, 377 Conflict Resolution 1-3, 23, 54-56, 224, 369 Consciousness 19-21, 25-26, 124, 225, 247, 263, 265-267, 269, 277, 284-286, 288-291, 293-295, 298-300, 315-320, 322, 326, 356, 362, 372-375, 377, 379, 381-384 Convergence 20, 25, 145, 161-163, 285 Counterforce Deterrence 45-48 Culture 14, 20, 22-23, 26, 37, 42-43, 53-56, 58, 62, 75-76, 78, 116, 120, 136-137, 146, 159, 161, 163-164, 174-175, 179-180, 196, 199, 205, 214216, 227, 245, 264-266, 268, 270, 272, 280, 286, 303-307, 309, 311-312, 315-319, 321, 328-329, 354, 356-358, 379-381 Cyber Conflict 8, 15, 18 Cyber Détente 1-2, 4, 7-8, 15, 18 Cyber Espionage 1-2, 4-5, 8, 15, 18 Cyber Security 4-7, 13, 15, 18 Cyber Terrorism 4-8, 13, 15, 18 Cyber Warfare 1-2, 4-5, 7-8, 10-15, 18 Cyberactivism 128 D democracy 52, 54, 70, 95, 99, 119, 155, 162, 179, 185-187, 189-192, 195, 197, 213, 276-277, 279, 330, 341, 347, 363-365 Desecuritization 1, 4-5, 7, 18 development 2, 13-15, 22, 31-34, 36-37, 40, 42, 44, 52-57, 60-62, 64, 71-73, 78, 81, 83, 88, 90, 98,   Index 105, 119-120, 127, 131, 146, 155, 161-164, 197, 202, 212-213, 215, 217-220, 225, 230, 261, 265, 268-269, 276, 278-281, 285, 287, 290, 293, 305307, 316-317, 328, 343-344, 347-348, 352, 354, 362-363, 366, 382 Dialogue 21, 58, 78-79, 81, 90, 122, 198, 309, 311, 329, 379, 381 diaspora 335-337, 340, 343-344, 347-348 digital 4, 6, 14, 18, 61, 116-117, 119, 121-124, 127128, 132, 137, 141, 163, 169, 185-186, 189-190, 204, 224-226, 228, 230-238, 257, 284-285, 300, 303, 336, 347, 366-368, 370 Digital World 116-117, 119, 122-124, 257 distortion 60-61, 63 Droids 259, 262, 266 E Earth Constitution 282, 361, 366-370 economics 22-23, 262, 266, 277, 293, 329, 364 Ecosystem 70, 72-73 education 14, 23, 30-31, 37-38, 40, 42, 51, 62, 64-65, 77, 80-81, 85-86, 89-90, 97, 106, 133, 139, 197, 199, 202-203, 209, 211, 214-215, 219, 229, 235, 246, 280, 284-285, 288-300, 303-305, 307-312, 315-318, 324, 326, 331, 347, 363, 369 Egypt 24, 34, 130-131, 133, 188, 230, 328, 330, 340 Elimination of Nuclear Weapons 40-41, 43, 45 End-to-End Lifecycle 70, 72-74, 81 Environment 8, 11, 22, 35-37, 39, 43-44, 55, 72, 89, 105-106, 187, 196, 203, 206, 212, 217, 219, 226, 235, 245, 271, 281, 287, 294-295, 303, 308-311, 332, 342-344, 348, 355, 366-368, 374, 379-382 Ethnic peace 350-352, 354-355, 358 Experiential Learning 317 Extremists 132, 238 F Faith Leaders 78-79, 81, 83-86, 89-90 fake 51-52, 55-57, 59, 61, 63-65, 132, 138, 206, 247 Fear 2, 14, 19, 24-26, 33, 48, 72, 85, 169, 173, 176178, 184, 208-209, 225, 229, 231-232, 246, 291, 315, 317, 324, 331, 356, 361-362, 373, 375-376, 378, 382-383 federal 327, 344, 367, 370 federation 2, 4, 8, 12-13, 276, 282, 341, 361, 365-370 Female 136, 204, 212-213, 215-220, 325, 331, 356-357 Folktales 350-352, 355, 358-359 432 Forgiveness 19, 23, 26, 80, 198, 228, 287, 375, 382 Fragmentation 20, 172, 208, 259, 264, 287 Freedom 52, 60, 72, 75, 78, 87, 99, 117, 119, 123-124, 138-140, 191, 195, 197, 218, 268, 272, 276-277, 288, 291-292, 296, 300, 305, 309, 318, 327, 331, 356, 361-362, 365, 367, 376-377, 382 Friendship 70-71, 94, 111, 305 Future 5-6, 13-14, 22, 30-31, 34, 37, 39-40, 52, 63, 72-74, 86, 90, 104, 107, 111, 117, 123, 127-128, 131, 133, 139, 164, 170-172, 175, 177-179, 191, 197-199, 208, 211, 215-217, 220, 225, 229, 233, 237-238, 258, 263, 281, 285, 288, 290-293, 296-298, 315-316, 318-320, 322, 335, 339, 345, 350-351, 365-366, 374-375, 380 G Gardner 121, 236, 326 Gender 31, 53, 135-136, 211-220, 310, 328, 331, 347 Global harmony 316 globalization 5, 21, 51-53, 119, 124, 163, 279 Goodwin 327, 329 Great Firewall 132-133 H Harmony 23, 70-72, 76-79, 83, 86, 103, 127, 136, 145, 153-154, 159-161, 163, 224, 229, 233, 237, 269, 284, 289, 296, 300, 304, 309, 316, 318, 321-322, 335-336, 345, 350-352, 358, 373-376, 380, 382-383 Healing 23, 25, 195, 197-199, 265, 375 Henry Kissinger 1-3, 205 Holistic 14, 20-22, 276-278, 304-305, 308, 339, 372, 380-381, 384 Human Rights 3, 36, 40, 52, 76, 173, 213, 228, 276277, 281-282, 288, 304-305, 307, 316-317, 344, 347, 354, 366-367, 369 Human Security 41, 72, 304, 306 human unity 296-297 Humanitarian disarmament 31, 38, 42 Humanity 19, 22, 25-26, 49, 54, 71, 94, 97, 99, 103104, 111, 118-119, 122, 178, 199, 202-203, 215, 224, 231-232, 247, 251, 264-265, 267-271, 277278, 280-282, 287, 289-291, 293, 297, 315-319, 322, 324-325, 328, 350-352, 362, 365, 369, 372, 375-376, 380, 382 Hybrid Peace Frame 145, 163 Index I M ICT 14, 51-55, 60-64, 187 identity 6, 8, 19, 26, 53, 63, 70, 73, 95, 111, 116-122, 124, 136, 189, 208, 218, 229, 231, 244, 246, 258, 260, 264, 266, 277, 312 immigrants 335-336, 338, 340, 342, 344, 348 immigration 281, 344, 347-348 information 2, 6, 12, 14, 18, 40, 42, 51-65, 71-74, 77, 85, 121-122, 124, 130, 132-134, 139-140, 164, 170-171, 185-186, 188, 190-192, 204, 214, 225226, 230-237, 246, 258, 260, 264, 296, 317, 331, 344, 347-348, 363, 372-374, 377, 380-381, 384 Inspiration 215, 271, 291-292, 377-378 Institutionalized 7, 281-282, 316, 366, 369 Interfaith 21, 23, 70-73, 77-81, 83-87, 89-90, 228, 257, 280, 320 international 2, 5, 7-15, 23, 26, 30-37, 40-42, 52, 73, 76, 81, 123-124, 128, 146, 161-163, 175, 196, 200, 212-214, 217, 226, 230-231, 277-282, 297, 304-305, 335-336, 338, 343-344, 347-348, 350353, 364, 366-367, 381 International Diaspora Involvement in Peacemaking 335 International Law 8-11, 13, 15, 31, 35-36, 280, 367 International Relations 9-10, 14, 31-33, 128, 212 international understanding 297 Islamic Terrorism 94-96, 111 Madison 276, 327 Malcolm X 329 Male 87, 213-216, 218, 230 manipulation 6, 14, 19, 26, 61, 228, 264, 284, 353354, 366 Mass Media 40, 116, 137-138, 164, 169, 172, 174, 224, 229, 234, 237, 353 Mentor 215 Minimum Deterrence 45-48 Minorities 108, 309, 327, 329, 337, 342 Montessori 279, 305, 326 Mutual Assured Destruction 46 mutual understanding 51-52, 54-55, 57, 59-60, 62, 64, 71 J Jasser 330 Journalism 127, 131-132, 138, 141, 169, 173-174, 226 Jung 138, 265, 325-326, 328 K Kenya 131, 198, 350-352, 354-356, 358-359 Kindness 238, 271, 287, 320, 322, 376 King 24, 71, 199, 233, 259, 269, 297, 327-329, 339, 341 L Leadership 76, 81-82, 88, 139, 153, 195-200, 202203, 206, 211-220, 228, 315, 320, 328, 356, 358, 381-382 Love 19, 22, 25-26, 70, 83, 109, 127, 190, 267, 270271, 277, 284, 293, 295, 300, 315, 317, 321-322, 340-341, 343, 357, 362, 372-380, 382, 384 N nation-states 179, 276-277, 279, 281-282, 351, 355, 362, 364, 366-368 Nonviolence 23, 307, 309, 311, 316, 361-365, 368-370 Nuclear arsenal 34, 36 Nuclear Deterrence 45-48 Nuclear Disarmament 31, 34-35, 40, 43, 45-49 Nuclear Proliferation 43 Nuclear Security 30, 37, 42-43, 48 Nuclear Security Culture 43 Nuclear Weapon Testing 36, 44 Nuclear Weapons 3-4, 10-12, 30-50, 59, 285 Nuclear Winter 37, 44 P parenting 202-203, 236-237, 326 Parity 212-213, 216-217 Peace building 303, 310, 319 Peace Culture 146, 159, 163-164, 309 Peace Education 77, 80, 90, 303-312 peace system 368-370 Peacebuilding 19-20, 22-26, 70-72, 77-81, 83, 85, 87-90, 186, 196, 213, 215, 224, 226, 238, 303308, 310-311 Peacemaking 22, 53-54, 56, 60, 64, 127, 141, 202, 204205, 207, 209, 211, 305, 335-336, 345-346, 348 President Obama 196, 231, 341 Process Documentation 70-74, 80, 82, 84, 90 Propaganda 57, 59, 127, 131-132, 141, 224-229, 232233, 238, 252, 364 433 Index Quantum 270, 298, 372-373, 384 Sovereign States 281 Structural Adjustment 196 Structural violence 195, 197-198 Summer of Peace 23, 25-26 Sustainability 22, 39-40, 122, 216, 229, 277, 281, 316, 367 Sustainable Development Goals 22 swaraj 361, 366, 369 Symbolic Competition 163 R T Radicalism 94, 96, 111, 118, 174 radicalization 107, 111, 118, 132, 224, 232, 236, 238, 382 Reconciliation 24, 55, 71, 77, 80, 83, 89, 163, 228-229, 244, 250, 252-253, 270, 312 Reflexibility 170-171, 184 refugees 40, 195, 231-232, 264, 281, 335, 343, 347, 351-352 Religious Fundamentalism 94-95, 107-109 Restoration 198, 243, 341 Risk Society 170-172, 184 Rules 2, 8, 10-11, 14, 58, 175, 213-214, 247, 316-317, 338, 341-342, 345, 370 Russia 8, 13, 34, 46-47, 104, 127, 131-132, 141, 231, 245, 341-342, 367 technological solution 63 Terrorism 3-8, 13, 15, 18, 72, 76, 94-99, 102, 104-105, 107-111, 119, 131, 169-170, 173-175, 184, 224225, 232-234, 252, 278, 284, 315, 330-331, 362 Thana Capitalism 169-170, 172-174, 176-180, 184 Thana Tourism 172, 180, 184 The Associated Press 145, 150 The Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 44 Transpersonal Psychology 263 truth 51-53, 56-57, 59-61, 63, 71, 95, 106, 108, 110, 141, 171, 204, 208, 243, 250-251, 253, 284, 287, 289, 291, 293-294, 299-300, 331-332, 339, 345346, 361-363, 367-369, 374, 377, 382-383 S Unconditional Love 374-377, 380, 384 United Nations 5, 9, 12-13, 20, 22-23, 26, 31, 40-41, 72, 199, 202, 214-215, 219, 231, 262, 279, 305, 309, 344, 346 Unity 26, 53, 76, 83, 99, 200, 208, 228, 246, 252, 277, 279, 293, 296-297, 309, 320-322, 352-356, 358, 369, 378-379, 381 Unity in Diversity 76, 83, 277, 279, 369 universal harmony 296 public 2, 4, 7-8, 13-14, 18, 31, 37-38, 40, 42, 53-56, 75-76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 128, 131-132, 134-135, 138-139, 164, 169-170, 174-175, 186, 188, 195, 197-198, 207-209, 212, 214, 216, 226, 228, 230, 251, 281, 293, 326-327, 329-330, 363, 367, 381 Q Sadat 328 sarvodaya 361, 365-366, 368-369 Satyagraha 361-365, 367-370 Schools 22, 26, 77, 80, 87, 97, 120, 209, 213, 237, 280, 285, 287, 306, 310, 316, 326-327, 329, 332, 351 Secular Spirituality 270-271 Securitization 1, 3-5, 7-8, 13-15, 18 Security Dilemma 45, 47-48 Self-Awareness 372, 375, 379, 384 Shift Network 23 Social Media 55-58, 60-61, 63-64, 123, 127-128, 130134, 136-141, 185, 187-192, 208-209, 224-225, 230-232, 237-238, 258, 264, 335-336, 347, 367, 381-382 Social psychology 101, 234, 244-245 Social Stigma 245 social transformation 296, 318-320 socialism 341-343, 363-364, 366 Social-Technology 373, 381, 384 Soul Education 315, 317 Southeastern Europe 31, 38 434 U V Violence 2, 22-23, 25, 37, 54, 75-77, 82, 85-87, 95-98, 105, 108-111, 116-119, 122, 131, 135, 153-154, 158-159, 173, 178-179, 184, 195-199, 208, 213214, 226, 233-235, 237-238, 243-244, 251-253, 264, 266-267, 271, 303-304, 306-312, 316, 331, 350-354, 358-359, 361, 363, 365, 367-370 vulnerability 56-57, 224-225 W Wall Street 130, 329 Index War 2-15, 25, 30-34, 36-37, 41, 44-48, 59, 85, 94, 96-98, 103-104, 109, 111, 116, 120-121, 132, 138-139, 145, 153-155, 158-159, 161-163, 174175, 178-179, 195, 197-199, 205, 209, 211, 213, 226, 228-229, 245, 261, 271, 282, 284, 288, 293, 306-308, 311, 315, 324, 341-342, 344, 346-347, 352, 356, 358, 362, 364-369, 373 Weaponless Deterrence 48 Wisdom 19, 22-23, 25-26, 53, 55, 121, 271, 277, 284288, 290, 294, 300, 317, 322, 375-378, 380-383 Wordsworth 325, 328 world government 279-280, 282, 366, 369 World Peace Library 23 X Xinhua News Agency 145, 150 Y youth 23, 31, 38, 42, 199-200, 203, 225, 227-229, 232, 236-238, 264, 266, 280, 298, 304, 319-320, 329, 373 435 .. .Handbook of Research on Examining Global Peacemaking in the Digital Age Bruce L Cook Chicago ORT Technical Institute, USA A volume in the Advances in Public Policy and Administration (APPA)... upon would be that peacemaking is urgently needed before the self-destruction of civilization The first section describes the problem of peacemaking as one of the most vital activities in the digital. .. against micro-identities introduced by digitalization This forms the basis of re-shaping the concept of power in the world Digital identities play a key role in sustaining conflicts and peace in