Test bank for essentials of human anatomy and physiology revised 11th edition by marieb

25 ________ deafness arises when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells in the spiral organ of Corti, cochlear nerve, or neurons in the auditory cortex of the brain... B cochl

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Test Bank for Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology Revised

11th Edition by Marieb

Chapter 8 Special Senses

8.1 Multiple Choice Part I Questions

Using Figure 8.1, identify the following:

1) The auricle (pinna) is indicated by

22) The cochlear nerve transmits impulses to the auditory cortex located in the

23) Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect information about angular or

rotational movements of the head are housed in the

24) Tiny stones made of calcium salts that roll in response to changes in

gravitational pull are called

25) deafness arises when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells

in the spiral organ of Corti, cochlear nerve, or neurons in the auditory cortex of the brain

B) hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal, facial

C) abducens, trochlear, oculomotor

D) hypoglossal, vagus, trigeminal

30) The five taste sensations are

A) sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami

B) sweet, sour, bitter, pasty, gritty

C) sweet, sour, chewy, gritty, greasy

D) sweet, salty, spicy, bitter, gritty

Answer: A

Page Ref: 325

Bloom’s: 1) Knowledge

8.2 Multiple Choice Part II Questions

1) What gland releases tears onto the anterior surface of the eyeball?

4) The function of the choroid layer of the eye is to

A) release tears onto the anterior surface of the eye

B) refract light and focus it on the retina

C) regulate the amount of light entering the eye

D) produce gross eye movements

E) prevent light from scattering inside the eye

Answer: E

Page Ref: 307

Bloom’s: 2) Comprehension

5) The pupil is an opening within the

B) cochlear nerve, optic disc, optic tracts, thalamus, temporal lobe

C) optic tracts, optic chiasma, optic nerve, thalamus, optic radiation, occipital lobe D) optic nerve, optic radiation, optic tracts, hypothalamus, temporal lobe

E) vestibular nerve, optic disc, optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, parietal lobe Answer: A

12) The three sets of color receptors within the retina are sensitive to wavelengths

of visible light that are

A) red, green, and yellow

B) red, blue, and yellow

C) green, yellow, and purple

D) orange, green, and purple

E) blue, green, and red

16) The gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from

collapsing inward is the

A) aqueous humor

B) ciliary body

C) choroid

D) vitreous humor (vitreous body)

E) scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)

A) cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

B) aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor

C) vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea

D) cornea, lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor

E) lens, aqueous humor, cornea, vitreous humor

A) malleus, incus, stapes

B) incus, malleus, stapes

C) stapes, incus, malleus

D) malleus, stapes, incus

E) stapes, malleus, incus

28) Our sense of static equilibrium is created by the

A) vibration of the tympanic membrane

B) movement of otoliths along hair cells

C) transmission of light through the lens

D) sound waves traveling through the cochlea

E) stimulation of hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti

30) Hearing receptors within the spiral organ of Corti are called

4) Eye movements are controlled by the abducens, oculomotor, and trochlear nerves

15) In order to hear sound, vibrations pass from the eardrum to the ossicles, and on

to the oval window

18) Unlike the sensation of taste, it is NOT necessary to have the chemicals

associated with smells dissolved in body fluids

20) Sour receptors assist us with detecting acidic foods, such as lemons and oranges, which are high in vitamin C

7) Contains millions of photoreceptors

16) Location of the auricle (pinna) and external acoustic meatus Page Ref: 315

before being focused on the retina during normal vision Refraction by the cornea and humors is constant, whereas the lens changes its shape to be either more or less convex as needed The greater the convexity, the more light is bent

acoustic canal until they hit the tympanic membrane and cause it to vibrate

Vibration of the tympanic membrane then causes the ossicles of the middle ear to vibrate, which in turn presses on the oval window of the inner ear Vibration of the oval window sets the fluids of the inner ear in motion Movement of the cochlear fluids then stimulates the hair cells of the spiral organ of Corti, which in turn

transmit impulses along the cochlear nerve to the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe, where interpretation of sound occurs

Page Ref: 320

Bloom’s: 2) Comprehension

5) Explain static and dynamic equilibrium and their interrelationships

Answer: Static equilibrium is regulated by the maculae of the vestibule The maculae report on the position of the head with respect to the pull of gravity when the body

is at rest Each macula is a patch of receptor cells embedded in the otolithic

membrane The otolithic membrane contains otoliths which roll in response to

changes in the pull of gravity This movement causes the hair cells of the membrane

to bend, sending impulses along the vestibular nerve to the cerebellum, relating information regarding the position of the head in space Dynamic equilibrium is regulated by the semicircular canals The crista ampullaris of the membranous semicircular canal consists of a tuft of hair cells and their gelatinous cap called the cupula Movement of the head causes the cupula to move in the opposite direction, stimulating the hair cells, which then transmit impulses up the vestibular nerve to the cerebellum Static and dynamic equilibrium work together to provide

information to the cerebellum to help control balance

Page Ref: 317

Bloom’s: 2) Comprehension

6) Your elderly neighbor wears hearing aids Without them, he can’t hear you

knocking on his door Do you think he wears the hearing aids for sensorineural deafness or conduction deafness? Explain your choice and differentiate between the causes of these two types of deafness

Answer: The neighbor likely has conduction deafness, a condition for which hearing aids is helpful Conduction deafness results when something interferes with the transmission of sound to the inner ear structures, such as ear wax buildup or fusion

of the ossicles Sensorineural deafness results from degeneration or damage to the spiral organ of Corti, the cochlear nerve, or the neurons of the auditory cortex In other words, the hearing aids assist with helping those hear who have mechanical problems with their ear structures (conduction deafness) rather than those with nervous system problems (sensorineural deafness)

3 Bitter receptors respond to alkaloids

4 Salty receptors respond to metal ions in solution

5 Umami receptors respond to a specific amino acid, glutamate, found in proteins Page Ref: 325

Bloom’s: 1) Knowledge