Test bank for HDEV second canadian edition by longmuir and rathus download

What is the growth trend of boys and girls during middle childhood.. Which of the following best describes the food offered to most children in school cafeterias.. During middle childhoo

Chapter 9—Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Test Bank For HDEV second Canadian edition by Longmuir and Rathus

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1 What is the pace of height and weight changes during middle childhood?

a They slow down

b They are fairly steady

c They undergo a dramatic growth spurt

d They are rapid for girls, but slow and steady for boys

2 What is the growth trend of boys and girls during middle childhood?

a Girls outgrow boys

b Boys outgrow girls

c Girls and boys have virtually no growth

d Girls and boys grow approximately 5 cm in height per year

4 Jack is an average 7-year-old How have his nutritional needs changed

compared with two years ago?

a Jack needs to eat less

b Jack needs to eat more

c Jack needs to eat more fat

d Jack needs to eat the same amount

OBJ: LO1

5 How many calories does the average 7- to 10-year-old require?

a 1,300 calories per day

b 1,700 calories per day

c 2,000 calories per day

d 2,400 calories per day

6 Which of the following best describes the food offered to most children

in school cafeterias?

a It is low in sodium

b It is heavy in sugar and animal fats

c It comprises primarily fish, poultry, and whole grains

d It reflects the dietary recommendations made by the food pyramid

7 Which of the following best describes the size of food portions in

restaurants over the past few decades?

a The portions have become larger

b The portions have become smaller

c The portions have stayed the same size

d The portions of vegetables have become larger

9 Morgan and Jesse are the same age Morgan is slightly heavier and taller

than Jesse Which of the following most likely describes Morgan?

a Morgan is a 3- to 5-year-old girl

b Morgan is a 9- to 10-year-old boy

c Morgan is a 13- to 14-year-old boy

d Morgan is a 17- to 18-year-old boy

10 Beginning around age 11, boys develop relatively more muscle than girls

At about the same age, what do girls develop relatively more of compared

11 How has the prevalence of obesity changed for males and females in

recent years?

a It has increased for both genders across ethnic groups

b It has decreased dramatically from the 1970s to the 2000s

c It has increased for males, but decreased for females

d It has decreased for males, but increased for females

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p 153-154 OBJ: LO1

13 Janet wonders whether her overweight twins, Michael and Michelle, will

ever outgrow their baby fat What is her doctor most likely to tell her?

a They are likely to outgrow their baby fat

b They are unlikely to outgrow their baby fat

c Only male children will outgrow their baby fat

d Only children of European descent will outgrow their baby fat

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p 153-154 OBJ: LO1

BLM: Higher Order

14 Morgan is an obese child What can we predict about Morgan’s future weight?

a Morgan will become an obese adult

b Morgan will outgrow the baby fat in early childhood

c Morgan will achieve a normal weight during adolescence

d Morgan’s future weight depends on Morgan’s gender

b They are likely to be popular with their peers and to do well in sports

c They like their bodies to the same degree as their peers

d They are treated the same as their peers during childhood, but

changes occur in adolescence

16 Which of the following is a common outcome of being obese

during adolescence?

a aggressive behaviour

b high social competence

c high academic achievement

d being considered less attractive

OBJ: LO1

18 Which of the following statements provides evidence for the role of

environment in obesity?

a Some children inherit a tendency to turn extra calories into fat

b Identical twins have similar body weights regardless of whether

they were reared together or separately

c Watching TV affects children's weight

d Cultural dietary choices affect weight

19 What is the relationship between television viewing and obesity?

a TV viewing curbs the appetite

b Children who are heavy TV viewers are less physically active overall

c TV viewing resets the hunger trigger, which is located in the thalamus

d TV viewing does NOT contribute to obesity; obesity is

genetically determined

ANS: BPTS: 1REF: p 154 OBJ: LO1

20 During middle childhood, children develop motor skills, such as increases

in speed and strength What else increases at the same time?

21 At approximately what age does a child usually develop the

coordination required for gymnastics?

OBJ: LO2

23 What kind of muscular control is needed for gymnastics?

a aerobic capacity

b fine motor skills

c gross motor skills

d systemic motor skills

24 Which of the following does NOT increase as a result of greater

coordination and agility during the middle childhood years?

a practice in using physical skills

b myelination of motor pathways

c muscle strength

d reaction time

BLM: Higher Order

25 When two people are talking, John can type their conversation faster than

Rebecca because he responds faster to the verbal stimulus What term refers

to John’s ability?

a reaction time

b response rate

c sensorimotor intelligence

d gross motor activation time

26 Which of the following is NOT meant when we say reaction time improves?

a The reaction is faster

b The reaction time is decreasing

c The time between stimulus and response is shorter

d The stimulus and response exchange ability is expanded

27 According to research, who is likely to react the fastest when catching a ball?

a Johan, who is 5 years old

b Marie, who is 10 years old

c Timothy, who is 18 years old

d Sophie, who is 35 years old

29 How do boys’ and girls’ abilities in motor tasks differ during middle childhood?

a Boys outperform girls on most motor tasks

b Girls outperform boys on most motor tasks

c Girls show greater overall flexibility

d Boys outperform girls with skills requiring agility

OBJ: LO2

30 What makes girls more suited than boys to activities such as

gymnastics, dancing, and balancing?

a their greater overall strength

b their greater forearm strength

c their greater limb coordination and flexibility

d their faster reaction time

31 Which sport leads to the highest level of fitness?

32 You have been asked to create a national exercise program for school-aged

children across Canada Which of the following activities would promote

the best physical health for children?

a children living in one of Canada’s three largest cities

b children whose parents are involved in sports even as spectators

c children whose parents are recent immigrants

d younger children are more likely than those in their early teens

ANS: BPTS: 1REF: p 155 OBJ: LO2

34 Calvin is a physical education teacher at an elementary school His goal is

to increase the frequency of children’s regular exercise What activity is

most likely to accomplish this goal?

a promoting sports that lead to high levels of fitness, such as

jumping rope

b encouraging participation in team sports

c making participation in team sports mandatory

d providing easy access to team sports

35 Why are certain disabilities, such as ADHD, often identified when children

are in their middle childhood years?

a because when children enter school, they are required to sit still

and pay attention

b because childhood disabilities, such as ADHD, CANNOT

be diagnosed until middle childhood

c because ADHD does NOT occur in children until middle childhood

d because ADHD may have a genetic component

36 What distinguishes ADHD from typical childhood inattention?

a ADHD involves a high degree of aggressive behaviour

b ADHD involves children who are deficient in their activity level

c ADHD involves excessive talking and inattention

d ADHD involves excessive inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity

OBJ: LO3

37 By what age does the onset of ADHD typically occur?

39 What is the relationship between ADHD and gender?

a ADHD is more common in males than in females

b ADHD results from a chromosome that males inherit from

their mother

c ADHD is more common in females than in males

d ADHD results from a chromosome that females inherit from

b It is overdiagnosed and overmedicated

c It is found more often in girls than in boys

d It is evident by age 7, but symptoms of ADHD disappear over time

ANS: BPTS: 1REF: p 156 OBJ: LO3

OBJ: LO3

42 Zack’s parents have been told that their son has ADHD What treatment

option is Zack’s doctor most likely to recommend?

43 How do stimulant medications, such as Ritalin, affect ADHD?

a They activate the amygdale

b They neutralize the overactive region of the cerebral cortex

c They minimize the effects of other stimulants, such as caffeine

and chocolate

d They stimulate the executive centre of the brain to control

more primitive areas of the brain

44 Josh is struggling at school He is tested and results indicate he has an

average IQ, yet he struggles with reading What is the likely conclusion?

a He has poor self-esteem

b He has high anxiety

c He has a learning disability

45 Which of the following is a characteristic of learning disabilities?

a They tend to disappear as children reach adulthood

b They affect less than 1% of the childhood population

c They are more common in girls than in boys

d They can exist in spite of a child having an average IQ

46 Emma’s father has dyslexia What is the likelihood that Emma will also

be diagnosed as having dyslexia?

b difficulty learning to read

c poor language development

d difficulty in processing complex mathematical equations

48 Which of the following is NOT linked to dyslexia?

a genetic factors

b neurological problems

c phonological processing problems

d exposure to stressful environments

49 After completing numerous tests, Janice is diagnosed as having dyslexia

What treatment option will most likely be suggested?

50 Which of the following is demonstrated when a student with dyslexia is

allowed extra time to take an exam because of the amount of reading involved?

a scaffolding

b remediation

c accommodation

d unfairness to the other students

51 Taylor has dyslexia Which of the following does Taylor have the most

difficulty with?

a speaking "t" and "e" sounds

b speaking "t" and "z" sounds

c reading the letters "b" and "d"

d reading the letters "m" and "n"

ANS: CPTS: 1REF: p 157 OBJ: LO3

52 What is most likely the cause of dyslexia?

a a genetic component

b damage to chromosome 7

c exposure to an environmental toxin

d a lack of oxygen during the birthing process

OBJ: LO3

53 Taylor has been diagnosed with dyslexia What is the likelihood that

Taylor’s siblings will also have dyslexia?

OBJ: LO3

54 Which statement supports dyslexia having a genetic component?

a Children who are dyslexic tend to have ADHD

b Children who are dyslexic tend to have a dyslexic parent

c Dyslexia can be overcome with cognitive behavioural therapy

d Children with dyslexia have problems benefiting from

traditional instruction in a classroom

OBJ: LO3

56 What part of the brain translates visual information into auditory information?

a the frontal lobe

b Wernicke's area

c the visual cortex

d the angular gyrus

BLM: Remember

57 The judge pounds her gavel and yells, "Order Order in the court." "A

hamburger and French fries, your Honour," says the defendant Jillian finds this joke funny Which of the following is NOT likely to characterize Jillian?

a Jillian must be at least 7 years old

b Jillian is in at least the concrete operations stage of

cognitive development

c Jillian understands that words can have more than one meaning

d Jillian has been diagnosed with dyslexia

58 According to Piaget, at what age will most children enter the concrete operations stage of cognitive development?

59 For approximately how long will a child to experience Jean Piaget’s

concrete operational stage?

60 Which of the following children is in the concrete operational stage?

a a child whose thought processes are rigid

b a child who is self-centred and narcissistic

c a child who can focus on more than one dimension of a problem

d a child who CANNOT understand different points of view

61 What ability is referred to by the cognitive development term decentration?

a the ability to subtract numbers

b the ability to enhance the child's egocentrism

c the ability to focus simultaneously on multiple aspects of a problem

d the ability to understand that changes in how something looks do

NOT change its meaning

ANS: CPTS: 1REF: p 158 OBJ: LO4

62 Which word best describes the thinking of a concrete operational child,

compared with the thinking of a child in an earlier cognitive stage?

63 Children develop the ability to understand that tall objects can be either light

OR heavy Which term does NOT refer to this ability?

64 Jocelyn understands that if A is heavier than B, and B is heavier than C, then

A is also heavier than C Which of the following is NOT demonstrated by

65 Which ability best illustrates seriation?

a placing sticks in order according to size

b understanding that hidden objects still exist

c understanding that flattening a ball of clay does NOT change its mass

d understanding that various shapes exist

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p 158-159 OBJ: LO4

BLM: Higher Order

66 Which ability is required by transitivity?

a focusing on multiple parts of a problem

b feeling empathy

c thinking with abstract concepts

d comparing all items in a set to all other items

ANS: DPTS: 1REF: p 158 OBJ: LO4

67 Piaget and Inhelder conducted research on seriation tasks What did they

ask children to classify?

a 49 pictures of faces according to colour

b 49 leaves according to size and brightness

c 49 pictures of buildings according to height

d 49 crayons according to length and brightness

68 Which of the following statements characterizes concrete-operational children?

a They are more egocentric than preoperational children

b They have gained the ability to think with abstract logic

c They can focus on only one cognitive dimension at a time

d They can work with multiple cognitive dimensions at the same time

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p 158-159 OBJ: LO4

BLM: Higher Order

69 Carol understands that "dogs" can also belong to the category called "animals."

What is Carol’s understanding an example of?

70 What is the definition of class inclusion?

a the ability to reverse one's thinking

b the ability to think about objects that are NOT currently present

c the ability to focus on subclasses and a larger class at the same time

d the ability to place items in a sequence on the basis of

one characteristic

71 According to Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory, which of the following

is involved in children’s learning?

a active discovery

b receiving information passively

c learning information that is imposed by teachers

d learning information that is beyond their developmental level

ANS: APTS: 1REF: p 159 OBJ: LO4

72 According to the textbook, how can Piaget's ideas on concrete operations

by applied in the classroom?

a by providing teachers with ideas to stimulate cognitive development

b by helping teachers to understand that cognitive development

coincides with age

c by showing teachers that only time is needed for children to

develop cognitive skills

d by demonstrating that group discussions are NOT a useful

teaching strategy in the classroom

73 Which teaching technique would Piaget most likely support?

74 Kohlberg believed that, around the world, children's moral reasoning

undergoes the same cognitive developmental pattern Which of the following

statements best characterizes this pattern?

a It is typically complete by age 12

b It develops continuously, rather than in a stage-like manner

c It is unrelated to children’s ability to take the perspective of another

d It reflects the values of the social and cultural setting in which the

b the use of physical punishment

c an understanding of object permanence

d cognitive development

76 Justin is 8 years old He believes that he needs to follow the rules of the game

or his library privileges will be removed According to, Kohlberg’s levels of moral development, which stage is Justin in?

a Stage 1

b Stage 2

c Stage 3

d Stage 4

ANS: APTS: 1REF: p 160 OBJ: LO5

77 Eighteen-year-old Mary heard that a classmate, Kelly, took money from the

teacher’s desk so she could participate in the special school lunch Mary also

heard that Kelly’s parents have been out of work for almost a year and were

recently evicted from their home Mary has strong beliefs about stealing, but

finds she is conflicted about Kelly’s stealing According to Kohlberg, what

is Mary’s stage of moral development?

78 What activity was the focus of debate in the story about Heinz that

Kohlberg used in his research?

a stealing money to buy a drug

b stealing a drug that was NOT available to Heinz

c stealing a drug because Heinz did NOT have enough money to buy it

d stealing a drug because the chemist would NOT order it in

79 What is the goal of the Roots of Empathy Project?

a to teach empathy to cultivate better citizens of the world

b to teach and model self-care to promote school and

community involvement

c to teach empathy as a weapon against bullying

d to teach and model self-care to promote drug prevention behaviours

80 Tina’s moral behaviour is best defined as choosing “what is considered to be

normal” and “what the majority does.” According to Kohlberg, what stages

of moral development is Tina in?

ANS: APTS: 1REF: p 160 OBJ: LO5

83 Which of the following did Kohlberg use to research moral development?

OBJ: LO5

84 According to Kohlberg’s cognitive-developmental theory, children progress

through the stages of moral development at different rates Which of the

following statements describes children’s progress through the stages?

a Most children tend to remain in stage 2

b All children eventually reach the highest stage

c Not all children (or adults) reach the highest stage

d Children vary in the sequence in which they progress through

is indicated by Natalie’s response?

a the preconventional level

b the conventional level

c the postconventional level

d the transitional level