Test bank for consumer behavior 11th edition by schiffman and wisenblit download

Test Bank For Consumer Behavior 11th Edition by Schiffman and Wisenblit Chapter 12 Subcultures and Consumer Behavior 1) In addition to segmenting markets in terms of cultural factors, marketers also segment societies into smaller that consist of people who are similar in terms of their ethnic origin, customs, and ways of behavior A) micromarkets B) individual markets C) mass markets D) subcultures E) microsocieties Answer: D Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and their relationships to American culture Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Reflective thinking 2) Ethnicity, religion, race, and age are examples of sociocultural and demographic variables upon which is/are based A) societal analysis B) cross-national cultural analysis C) societal classifications D) subcultural divisions E) cultural classifications Answer: D Diff: Skill: Application Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and their relationships to American culture Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Application of knowledge 3) Members of a specific possess beliefs, values, and customs that set them apart from other members of the same society A) subculture B) demographic C) trait D) race E) ideology Answer: A Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and their relationships to American culture Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Reflective thinking 4) A distinct cultural group that exists as an identifiable segment within a larger, more complex society is known as a(n) A) trait B) subculture C) race D) religion E) ideology Answer: B Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and their relationships to American culture Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Reflective thinking 5) When discussing subcultures, it is important to note that each individual could be a member of A) either the dominant culture or a subculture B) one subculture only C) two subcultures only D) four subcultures at the most E) many subcultures, as there is no limit Answer: E Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and their relationships to American culture Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Reflective thinking 6) The proportion of non-Hispanic/Caucasian whites in the U.S population is projected to over the next several decades A) increase B) decrease C) diffuse D) remain at same level E) dramatically rise Answer: B Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and their relationships to American culture Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 7) Subcultures are A) mutually exclusive in terms of membership B) a hindrance to market segmentation C) dynamic and evolving D) vastly different in values and beliefs from dominant American culture E) static Answer: C Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and their relationships to American culture Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Reflective thinking 8) In the United States, percent of the American population is foreign born This shows how important nationality subcultures are A) B) 13 C) 19 D) 25 E) 31 Answer: B Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity subcultures on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 9) Queens County (one of the five boroughs that make up the City of New York) is one of the most multicultural counties in America, where percent of its residents were born outside the United States A) 26 B) 36 C) 46 D) 56 E) 66 Answer: C Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity subcultures on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 10) When it comes to consumer behavior, ancestral pride associated with is manifested most strongly in the consumption of ethnic foods, in travel to the “homeland,” and in the purchase of numerous cultural artifacts A) age subcultures B) nationality subcultures C) race subcultures D) religious subcultures E) gender subcultures Answer: B Diff: Skill: Application Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity subcultures on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 11) The three primary ethnic subcultures in America, in order from most populous to least populous, are A) Asian Americans, African Americans, and Latinos or Hispanics B) Asian Americans, Latinos or Hispanics, and African Americans C) African Americans, Asian Americans, and Latinos or Hispanics D) African Americans, Latinos or Hispanics, and Asian Americans E) Latinos or Hispanics, African Americans, and Asian Americans Answer: E Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity subcultures on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 12) The Hispanic American market is an example of which subculture? A) social class B) ethnic C) race D) religious E) gender Answer: B Diff: Skill: Application Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity subcultures on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 13) Ethnic clothing, art, music, and foreign-language newspapers are examples of that can be associated with nationality subcultures A) cultural artifacts B) loyalty drivers C) ambassadors D) fixation products E) cross-cultural bridges Answer: A Diff: Skill: Application Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity subcultures on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 14) Hispanic youths are more fashion conscious and are more likely to seek out and be loyal to well-known brands than their non-Hispanic counterparts This is an example of a subcultural characteristic based on A) age B) ethnicity C) religion D) geographic region E) gender Answer: B Diff: Skill: Application Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity subcultures on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 15) In contrast to other American population segments, Hispanic Americans are A) more religious B) more populous C) more patriotic D) younger E) more highly educated Answer: D Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity subcultures on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 16) Which of the following is true of Hispanic-American households? A) Hispanic Americans tend to be members of smaller families B) Hispanic Americans are less likely to live in an extended family household C) Hispanic American households are less likely to contain children D) Hispanic Americans spend more time caring for their children E) The majority of all Hispanic Americans under the age of 18 living in the United States were born in Latin America Answer: D Diff: Skill: Application Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity subcultures on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 17) Despite the various countries of origin of Hispanic Americans, this subcultural group is often considered as a single market based on A) age B) nationality C) geographic location D) religion E) language Answer: E Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity subcultures on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 18) constitute the largest Hispanic subcultural group A) Cubans Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 79) Hispanics tend to be members of smaller families, and are more likely to live in an extended family household Answer: FALSE Diff: Skill: Application Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity subcultures on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 80) The majority of Hispanic Americans speak only Spanish Answer: FALSE Diff: Skill: Application Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity subcultures on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 81) The African American subcultural grouping is best described as a single, undifferentiated market, consisting of consumers who have a uniform set of needs Answer: FALSE Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity subcultures on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 82) For products of very broad appeal, such as aspirin or toothpaste, African Americans can probably be most effectively reached through mass media Answer: TRUE Diff: Skill: Application Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity subcultures on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 83) Hispanic Americans are the most diverse ethnic group in the United States today Answer: FALSE Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity subcultures on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 84) Asian American consumers value quality, often associating quality with wellknown upscale brands Answer: TRUE Diff: Skill: Application Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity subcultures on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 85) Commonly, consumer behavior is directly affected by religion in terms of products that are symbolically and ritualistically associated with the celebration of various religious holidays Answer: TRUE Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.3: To understand the impact of religious affiliations on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 86) American Jews have higher levels of brand loyalty and word of mouth than non-Jews Answer: FALSE Diff: Skill: Application Learning Obj: 12.3: To understand the impact of religious affiliations on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 87) Regional differences in consumption behavior are especially clear when it comes to food and drink, but rarely appear as brand preferences Answer: FALSE Diff: Skill: Application Learning Obj: 12.4: To understand the influence of regional characteristics on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 1: Define consumer behavior and describe its influence on marketing practices AACSB: Application of knowledge 88) Differences in market share across geographic markets may be the result of such factors as the common marketing practice of putting more merchandising dollars behind markets that sell more Answer: TRUE Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.4: To understand the influence of regional characteristics on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 1: Define consumer behavior and describe its influence on marketing practices AACSB: Reflective thinking 89) Generation Z is the most diverse American generation ever Answer: TRUE Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.5: To understand age and generational influences on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 15: Explain how marketers can best appeal to members of different age subcultures 90) The 21-29 year olds who are part of Generation Y are known as Tweens Answer: FALSE Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.5: To understand age and generational influences on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 15: Explain how marketers can best appeal to members of different age subcultures AACSB: Reflective thinking 91) Early adulthood is the longest adult life stage for most consumers Answer: FALSE Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.5: To understand age and generational influences on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 15: Explain how marketers can best appeal to members of different age subcultures AACSB: Reflective thinking 92) It is generally accepted that older people’s perceptions of their ages are more important in determining behavior than their chronological ages Answer: TRUE Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.5: To understand age and generational influences on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 15: Explain how marketers can best appeal to members of different age subcultures AACSB: Reflective thinking 93) Hip-ennials believe they can have an impact on the world and make it better, are aware of what’s going on globally, give to charity, and search for information regularly Answer: TRUE Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.5: To understand age and generational influences on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 15: Explain how marketers can best appeal to members of different age subcultures AACSB: Reflective thinking 94) For Generation X, enjoying life and having a lifestyle that provides freedom and flexibility is more important than salary Answer: TRUE Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.5: To understand age and generational influences on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 15: Explain how marketers can best appeal to members of different age subcultures AACSB: Reflective thinking 95) Baby boomers are consumption oriented Answer: TRUE Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.5: To understand age and generational influences on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 15: Explain how marketers can best appeal to members of different age subcultures AACSB: Reflective thinking 96) Feel age, look age, age and interest age are different dimensions of chronological age Answer: FALSE Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.5: To understand age and generational influences on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 15: Explain how marketers can best appeal to members of different age subcultures AACSB: Reflective thinking 97) Women show superior affect and purchase intentions toward ads that are verbal, harmonious, complex, and category-oriented Answer: TRUE Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.6: To understand gender’s influence on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 1: Define consumer behavior and describe its influence on marketing practices AACSB: Reflective thinking 98) The needs of married women who work outside the home differ from those of women who not work outside the home Answer: TRUE Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.6: To understand gender’s influence on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 1: Define consumer behavior and describe its influence on marketing practices AACSB: Reflective thinking 99) Define the term “subculture.” How subcultures relate to the common culture of the larger society of which subcultures are a part? Answer: Subculture is defined as a distinct cultural group that exists as an identifiable segment within a larger, more complex society The members of a specific subculture possess beliefs, values, and customs that set them apart from other members of the same society These subcultures adhere to most of the dominant cultural beliefs, values, and behavioral patterns of the larger society Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and their relationships to American culture Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 100) Provide an example of how a marketer might modify their product and/or its positioning to better meet the needs of targeted consumers and suit the subculture’s values and tastes Answer: Examples may vary One example from the text suggests targeting the Hispanic subculture by supplementing English language advertising with ads in Spanish, which are more effective than English ads when targeting the rapidly growing market segment Diff: Skill: Application Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and their relationships to American culture Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 101) How does ancestral pride manifest itself in consumer behavior? Answer: It manifests itself in the consumption of ethnic foods, travel to homeland, and purchase of cultural artifacts (ethnic clothing, art, music, foreign-language newspapers) Diff: Skill: Application Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity subcultures on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 102) How does consumer behavior change among Hispanic consumers as they acculturate? Answer: Hispanic consumers have a strong preference for well-established brands and prefer to shop in smaller stores like bodegas However, as they adopt American customs, most Latinos in the United States buy food in supermarkets and not small stores Less acculturated, older Latinos may be suspicious of marketers Diff: Skill: Application Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity subcultures on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 103) Why is it of importance to marketers to segment the market according to religious subcultures? Answer: Consumer behavior is directly affected by religion in terms of products that are symbolically and ritualistically associated with the celebration of various religious holidays Christmas, for example, has become the major gift giving season of the year Diff: Skill: Application Learning Obj: 12.3: To understand the impact of religious affiliations on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial subcultures influences consumer behavior AACSB: Application of knowledge 104) What makes the Baby Boomer market so attractive to marketers? Answer: Marketers have found Baby Boomers a particularly desirable target audience because: ∙ they are the single largest distinctive age category alive today; ∙ they frequently make important consumer decisions; ∙ they contain small subsegments of trendsetting consumers who have influence on the consumer tastes of other age segments of society Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.5: To understand age and generational influences on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 15: Explain how marketers can best appeal to members of different age subcultures 105) Compare Baby Boomers and Generation Xers in terms of attitudes toward brands and price-quality attitudes Answer: Baby Boomers are brand loyal and will buy products that are conspicuously consumed They buy to indulge and buy for others Generation Xers are against branding and are very price-oriented and concerned about the cost of individual items Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.5: To understand age and generational influences on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 15: Explain how marketers can best appeal to members of different age subcultures AACSB: Analytical thinking 106) America is aging What three factors are driving the growth of the elderly population in the United States? Answer: ∙ The declining birthrate ∙ The aging of the huge baby boomer segment ∙ Improved medical diagnosis and treatment Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.5: To understand age and generational influences on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 15: Explain how marketers can best appeal to members of different age subcultures AACSB: Reflective thinking 107) How is the elderly market segmented? Answer: The elderly market is segmented into three chronological age categories: the young-old span from 65-74 years of age; the old span from 75-84 years of age; and the old-old are those over 85 years old The elderly market can also be segmented in terms of motivations and quality of life orientation, and cognitive age (e.g., feel age, age, interest age, look age, and health age) Diff: Skill: Application Learning Obj: 12.5: To understand age and generational influences on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 15: Explain how marketers can best appeal to members of different age subcultures AACSB: Application of knowledge 108) How is the working-woman market segmented? Answer: Stay-at-Home Housewives; Plan-to-Work Housewives; Just-a-Job Working Women, who tend to work because they need the extra income; and Career-Oriented Women, who tend to be managerial and professional Just-a-Job Working Women are motivated to work for additional income, while CareerOriented Women tend to be in managerial or professional positions and are driven more by a need to achieve and succeed in their chosen careers Another segmentation strategy segments working women into three segments, the Independent Woman, the Mom Achiever, and the Alpha Goddess The Independent Woman is single, not necessarily looking for a husband; has a media income of about $33K and is a college graduate; lives alone and has put marriage and children on hold; wants to get married and have a child, but may have the child first; sees a wedding as a party instead of a ritual; aspires to buy luxury brands/has strong brand affiliation; uses social networks for image management; likes fashion and brand names; and uses her cell phone for communications rather than a computer The Mom Achiever is a mom that works; has a number of degrees; is 35-45; has a median income of $75K; is driven in terms of bringing managerial skill to managing her home life; uses Parenting.com for insights and strategies; is white or Asian; is trying to evolve an identity that is more than being a wife and a mother; seeks prestige beauty in clothing and supplemental products; is on the computer for a long stretch of time; and spends time with children doing things that please both the children and herself The Alpha Goddess is older, employed, moneyed and content; has a median income of $69K; is open and responsive to new technologies and is a smartphone enthusiast; watches more TV than other age segments; surfs the Internet and shops online; likes newspaper inserts; and is an innovator/venturesome shopper Diff: Skill: Concept Learning Obj: 12.6: To understand gender’s influence on consumer behavior Learning Outcome: 1: Define consumer behavior and describe its influence on marketing practices AACSB: Reflective thinking