Coleridge and shelley

COLERIDGE AND SHELLEY This page intentionally left blank Coleridge and Shelley Textual Engagement SALLY WEST University of Chester, UK © Sally West 2007 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher Sally West has asserted her moral right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the author of this work Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Gower House Croft Road Aldershot Hampshire GU11 3HR England Ashgate Publishing Company Suite 420 101 Cherry Street Burlington, VT 05401-4405 USA Ashgate website: http://www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data West, Sally, 1975– Coleridge and Shelley : textual engagement – (The nineteenth century series) Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 1772–1834 – Influence Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 1792– 1822 – Political and social views Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 1772–1834 – Criticism, Textual Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 1792–1822 – Criticam, Textual Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 1772–1834 – Philosophy Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 1792–1822 – Philosophy English poetry – 19th century – History and criticism I Title 821.7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data West, Sally, 1975– Coleridge and Shelley : textual engagement / by Sally West p cm — (The nineteenth century series) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-0-7546-6012-5 (alk paper) Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 1772–1834—Influence Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 1792– 1822—Political and social views English poetry—19th century—History and criticism Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 1772–1834—Criticism, Textual Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 1792–1822—Criticism, Textual Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 1772–1834—Philosophy Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 1792–1822—Philosophy I Title PR4487.I52.W47 2007 821’.7—dc22 2007025766 ISBN: 9780754660125 Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall Contents General Editors’ Preface Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations vii viii ix Introduction 1 Cultivating the Topos: Early Engagements 17 ‘Beside thee like thy shadow’: The presence of Coleridge in Shelley’s Alastor Volume 41 ‘An unremitting interchange’: The Voices of Mont Blanc 73 Perpetual Orphic Song: The ‘vitally metaphorical’ in ‘This Lime-Tree Bower’ and ‘To a Sky-Lark’ 99 ‘To him my tale I teach’: The Legacy of Coleridge’s Mariner in Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound Volume 123 Afterword 175 Bibliography Index 185 195 This page intentionally left blank The Nineteenth Century Series General Editors’ Preface The aim of the series is to reflect, develop and extend the great burgeoning of interest in the nineteenth century that has been an inevitable feature of recent years, as that former epoch has come more sharply into focus as a locus for our understanding not only of the past but of the contours of our modernity It centres primarily upon major authors and subjects within Romantic and Victorian literature It also includes studies of other British writers and issues, where these are matters of current debate: for example, biography and autobiography, journalism, periodical literature, travel writing, book production, gender, non-canonical writing We are dedicated principally to publishing original monographs and symposia; our policy is to embrace a broad scope in chronology, approach and range of concern, and both to recognize and cut innovatively across such parameters as those suggested by the designations ‘Romantic’ and ‘Victorian’ We welcome new ideas and theories, while valuing traditional scholarship It is hoped that the world which predates yet so forcibly predicts and engages our own will emerge in parts, in the wider sweep, and in the lively streams of disputation and change that are so manifest an aspect of its intellectual, artistic and social landscape Vincent Newey Joanne Shattock University of Leicester Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to the Arts and Humanities Research Board (as it was then) for a three-year studentship which enabled the completion of the doctoral thesis from which this book developed I would also like to thank the many staff, past and present, at the University of Liverpool who provided invaluable support during my time as a research student there Particular thanks are due to my supervisor Kelvin Everest, for his guidance, support and insight into the work of both Shelley and Coleridge; to Bernard Beatty and Nick Davis for encouragement and illuminating discussions; and to Tony Barley, whose inspirational teaching of ‘The Mask of Anarchy’ marked the origin of my fascination with Shelley’s poetry The passage of this work from thesis to book was eased considerably by the support of Ann Donohue at Ashgate, and were it not for the multitude of probing comments and constructive suggestions from my reader there, a number of important points about the ShelleyColeridge literary relationship would have remained underdeveloped Finally, many thanks are due to my family for all manner of support and encouragement and especially to Tony, for his continual presence throughout, for enduring my frequent mental absences in front of a computer screen, and for cheerfully welcoming Shelley and Coleridge into our home Abbreviations Primary texts BSM The Bodleian Shelley Manuscripts, general ed Donald H Reiman (23 vols, New York and London: Garland Publishing, 1987–2000): vol 1, Peter Bell the Third and The Triumph of Life: Bodleian MS Shelley adds c 5, folios 50–69, and Bodleian MS Shelley adds c 4, folios 18–58, ed Donald H Reiman (1991); vol 2, Bodleian MS Shelley adds d 7, ed Irving Massey (1987); vol 3, Bodleian MS Shelley e 4, ed P.M.S Dawson (1988); vol 4, A Facsimile of Bodleian MS Shelley d 1, ed E.B Murray (2 Parts, 1988); vol 5, The Witch of Atlas Notebook: Bodleian MS Shelley adds e 6, ed Carlene A Adamson (1994); vol 6, Shelley’s Pisan Winter Notebook (1820–1821): Bodleian MS Shelley adds e 8, ed Carlene A Adamson (1992); vol 7, “Shelley’s Last Notebook”: Bodleian MS Shelley adds e 20 together with Bodleian MS Shelley adds e 15 and Bodleian MS Shelley adds c 4, folios 212–246, ed Donald H Reiman (1990); vol 8, Bodleian MS Shelley d 3, ed Tatsuo Tokoo (1988); vol 9, The Prometheus Unbound Notebooks: Bodleian MSS Shelley e 1, e 2, and e 3, ed Neil Fraistat (1991); vol 10, Mary Shelley’s Plays and her Translation of the Cenci Story: Bodleian MSS Shelley d and adds e 13, ed Charles E Robinson and Betty T Bennett (1992); vol 11, The Geneva Notebook of Percy Bysshe Shelley: Bodleian MS Shelley adds e 16 and MS Shelley adds c.4, folios 63, 65, 71, and 72, ed Michael Erkelnz (1992); vol 12, The “Charles the First” Draft Notebook: Bodleian MS Shelley adds e 17, ed Nora Crook (1991); vol 13, Drafts for Laon and Cythna: Bodleian MSS Shelley adds e 14 and adds e 19, ed Tatsuo Tokoo (1992); Afterword 183 fragment If we recall again the conditional language in which the final image of poetic creation is framed, and Coleridge’s own assertion in the preface to the poem that on awaking from his dream he seemed to possess ‘a distinct recollection of the whole’, yet was denied the opportunity to complete his transcription of the vision, we can perhaps see Shelley making a point that poetic vision, indeed, any sort of vision, is ultimately ephemeral Yet just as the dew drop will return as a product of natural cycles, and just as the eternal can be seen through the temporal and the infinite through the finite, our moments of vision can be reanimated via the protean creativity of language In the appropriation of the dew drop image from Coleridge, Shelley demonstrates one way in which this reanimation can occur When in ‘Prometheus Unbound’ Shelley wrote that ‘speech created thought/ Which is the measure of the universe’ he appeared to make a direct correlation between communication and community The metaphorical powers of language can be revived when words are permitted a greater connotative potential within a dialogue Just as metaphor is predicated upon relationship between terms, the perpetuation of that ‘vitally metaphorical’ language depends upon relationship between minds The creative dialogue between the works, and words, of poets is one example of such a relationship, and thus of the reanimation of language Whilst, as John Hollander has observed, echo can distort language, that distortion can also provide revitalization and, in Shelley’s words, the perpetuation of apprehension, opening up language, and thus perception, to all of the creative potential of ‘the human mind’s imaginings’ This page intentionally left blank Bibliography Primary Sources Blake, William, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, ed Geoffrey Keynes (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975) Byron, George Gordon, Lord Byron: The Complete Poetical Works, ed Jerome J McGann (7 vols, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980–93) Clairmont, Claire and Charles Clairmont and Fanny Imlay Godwin, The Clairmont Correspondence: Letters of Claire Clairmont, Charles Clairmont and Fanny Imlay Godwin, ed Marion Kingston Stocking (2 vols, Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995) Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, Biographia Literaria, ed Nigel Leask (London: J.M Dent,1997) –––––, Biographia Literaria, ed J Shawcross (2 vols, London: Oxford University Press, 1907; repr 1949) –––––, Coleridge: The Complete Poems, ed William Keach (London: Penguin, 1997) –––––, Coleridge’s Dejection: The Earliest Manuscripts and the Earliest Printings, ed Stephen Maxfield Parrish (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1988) –––––, The Collected Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, general ed Kathleen Coburn (16vols, Routledge and Kegan Paul: Princeton University Press, 1969– 2001): vol 1, Lectures 1795: On Politics and Religion, ed Lewis Patton and Peter Mann (2 vols, 1971); vol 2, The Watchman, ed Lewis Patton (1970); vol 3, Essays on His Times, ed David V Erdman (3 vols, 1978); vol 4, The Friend, ed Barbara E Rooke (2 vols, 1969); vol 5, Lectures 1808–1819: On Literature, ed R.A Foakes (2 vols, 1987); vol 6, Lay Sermons, ed R.J White (1972); vol 7, Biographia Literaria, ed James Engell and W Jackson Bate (2 vols, 1983); vol 8, Lectures 1818–1819: On the History of Philosophy, ed J.R de J Jackson (2 vols, 2000); vol 9, Aids to Reflection, ed John Beer (1993); vol 10, On the Constitution of the Church and State, ed John Colmer (1976); vol 11, Shorter Works and Fragments, ed H.J Jackson and J.R de J Jackson (2 vols, 1995); vol 12, Marginalia, ed H.J Jackson and George Whalley (6 vols, 1980– 2001); 186 Coleridge and Shelley vol 13, Logic, ed J.R de J Jackson (1981); vol 14, Table Talk, ed Carl Woodring (2 vols, 1990); vol 15, Opus Maximum, ed Thomas McFarland (2002); vol 16, Poetical Works, ed J.C.C Mays (3 vols, 2001) –––––, Conciones ad Populum (Oxford and New York: Woodstock Books, 1992) –––––, The Notebooks of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, ed Kathleen Coburn (vols 1–3, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1957–73), Kathleen Coburn and Merton Christensen (vol 4, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1990) –––––, Remorse (Oxford and New York: Woodstock Books, 1989) –––––, Collected Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, ed Earl Leslie Griggs (6 vols, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1956–71) –––––, Sibylline Leaves (Oxford and New York: Woodstock Books, 1990) –––––, The Table Talk and Omniana (London: Oxford University Press, 1917) Gisborne, Maria, and Edward E Williams, Maria Gisborne & Edward E Williams – Shelley’s Friends: Their Journals and Letters, ed Frederick L Jones (Norman: University of Oklahoma, 1951) Keats, John, The Letters of John Keats 1814–1821, ed Hyder Edward Rollins (2 vols, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1958) Lamb, Charles, The Letters of Charles Lamb, ed E.V Lucas (2 vols, London: J.M Dent: Methuen, 1935) Medwin, Thomas, The Life of Percy Bysshe Shelley, ed Harry Buxton Forman (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1913) Milton, John, Paradise Lost, ed Alastair Fowler (London: Longman, 1968; repr 1971) Shakespeare, William, Hamlet, ed T.J.B Spencer and Anne Barton (rev edn, London: Penguin, 1996) –––––, The Oxford Shakespeare, ed Stanley Wells and Gary Taylor (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988; repr 1995) Shelley, Mary W., The Journals of Mary Shelley 1814–1844, ed Paula R Feldman and Diana Scott-Kilvert (2 vols, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987) –––––, The Letters of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, ed Betty T Bennett (3 vols, Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980–88) Shelley, Percy Bysshe, The Bodleian Shelley Manuscripts, general ed Donald H Reiman (23 vols, New York and London: Garland Publishing, 1987–2000): vol 1, Peter Bell the Third and The Triumph of Life: Bodleian MS Shelley adds c 5, folios 50–69, and Bodleian MS Shelley adds c 4, folios 18–58, ed Donald H Reiman (1991); vol 2, Bodleian MS Shelley adds d 7, ed Irving Massey (1987); vol 3, Bodleian MS Shelley e 4, ed P.M.S Dawson (1988); vol 4, A Facsimile of Bodleian MS Shelley d 1, ed E.B Murray (2 Parts, 1988); vol 5, The Witch of Atlas Notebook: Bodleian MS Shelley adds e 6, ed Carlene A Adamson (1994); vol 6, Shelley’s Pisan Winter Notebook (1820–1821): Bodleian MS Shelley adds e 8, ed Carlene A Adamson (1992); vol 7, “Shelley’s Last Notebook”: Bodleian MS Shelley adds e 20 Bibliography 187 together with Bodleian MS Shelley adds e 15 and Bodleian MS Shelley adds c 4, folios 212–46, ed Donald H Reiman (1990); vol 8, Bodleian MS Shelley d 3, ed Tatsuo Tokoo (1988); vol 9, The Prometheus Unbound Notebooks: Bodleian MSS Shelley e.1, e 2, and e 3, ed Neil Fraistat (1991); vol 10, Mary Shelley’s Plays and her Translation of the Cenci Story: Bodleian MSS Shelley d and adds e 13, ed Charles E Robinson and Betty T Bennett (1992); vol 11, The Geneva Notebook of Percy Bysshe Shelley: Bodleian MS Shelley adds e 16 and MS Shelley adds c.4, folios 63, 65, 71, and 72, ed Michael Erkelnz (1992); vol 12, The “Charles the First” Draft Notebook: Bodleian MS Shelley adds e 17, ed Nora Crook (1991); vol 13, Drafts for Laon and Cythna: Bodleian MSS Shelley adds e 14 and adds e 19, ed Tatsuo Tokoo (1992); vol 14, Shelley’s “Devils” Notebook: Bodleian MS Shelley adds e 9, ed P.M.S Dawson and Timothy Webb (1993); vol 15, The Julian and Maddalo Draft Notebook: Bodleian MS Shelley adds e 11, ed Steven E Jones (1990); vol 16, The Hellas Notebook: Bodleian MS Shelley adds e 7, ed Donald H Reiman and Michael J Neth (1994); vol 17, Drafts for Laon and Cythna, Cantos V–XII: Bodleian MS Shelley adds e 10, ed Steven E Jones (1994); vol 18, The Homeric Hymns and Prometheus Drafts Notebook: Bodleian MS Shelley adds e 12, ed Nancy Moore Goslee (1994); vol 19, The Faust Draft Notebook: Bodleian MS Shelley adds e.18, ed Nora Crook and Timothy Webb (1996); vol 20, The Defence of Poetry Fair Copies: Bodleian MSS Shelley e and Shelley adds d 8, ed Michael O’Neill (1994); vol 21, Miscellaneous Poetry, Prose, and Translations from Bodleian MS Shelley adds c 4, etc., ed E.B Murray (1995); vol 22, Bodleian MSS Shelley adds c and Shelley adds d 6, ed Alan Weinberg (2 Parts, 1997); vol 23, Catalogue and Index of the Shelley Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library and a General Index to the Facsimile Edition of the Bodleian Shelley Manuscripts, Vols I–XXII, Tatsuo Tokoo; with Shelleyan Writing Materials in the Bodleian Library: A Catalogue of Formats, Papers, and Watermarks, B.C Barker-Benfield (2000) –––––, The Esdaile Notebook : A Volume of Early Poems, ed Kenneth Neill Cameron (London: Faber and Faber, 1964) –––––, The Letters of Percy Bysshe Shelley, ed Frederick L Jones (2 vols, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1964) –––––, The Manuscripts of the Younger Romantics: Percy Bysshe Shelley, general ed Donald H Reiman (8 vols, New York and London: Garland Publishing, 1985– 1997): vol 1, The Esdaile Notebook, ed Donald H Reiman (1985); 188 Coleridge and Shelley vol 2, The Mask of Anarchy, ed Donald H Reiman (1985); vol 3, Hellas, a lyrical drama, ed Donald H Reiman (1985); vol 4, The Mask of Anarchy Draft Notebook: A Facsimile of Huntington MS HM 2177, ed Mary A Quinn (1990); vol 5, The Harvard Shelley Manuscripts, ed Donald H Reiman (1991); vol 6, Shelley’s 1819–1821 Huntington Notebook (HM 2176), ed Mary A Quinn (1994); vol 7, Shelley’s 1821–1822 Huntington Notebook (HM 2111), ed Mary A Quinn (1996); vol 8, Fair-Copy Manuscripts of Shelley’s Poems in European and American Libraries, ed Donald H Reiman and Michael O’Neill (1997) –––––, The Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley, ed C.D Locock (2 vols, London: Methuen, 1911) –––––, The Poems of Shelley: Volume One 1804–1817, ed Geoffrey Matthews and Kelvin Everest (London and New York: Longman, 1989) –––––, The Poems of Shelley: Volume Two 1817–1819, ed Kelvin Everest and Geoffrey Matthews (Harlow: Longman, 2000) –––––, The Prose Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley Volume I, ed E.B Murray (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993) –––––, Shelley and His Circle 1773–1822, ed Kenneth Neill Cameron (vols 1–4, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1961–70), Donald H Reiman (vols 5–8, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1973–86) –––––, Shelley’s Poetry and Prose, ed Donald H Reiman and Sharon B Powers (New York and London: W.W Norton, 1977) –––––, Shelley’s Prose or The Trumpet of a Prophecy, ed David Lee Clark (Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico Press, 1954) –––––, The Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley in Verse and Prose, ed Harry Buxton Forman (8 vols, London: Reeves and Turner, 1880) Southey, Robert, The Life and Correspondence of Robert Southey, ed Charles Cuthbert Southey (6 vols, London: Longman, 1850) –––––, New Letters of Robert Southey, ed Kenneth Curry (2 vols, New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1965) Wordsworth, William and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lyrical Ballads, ed R.L Brett and A.R Jones (2nd edn, London and New York: Routledge, 1991) –––––, ‘Lyrical Ballads’ and Other Poems, ed James Butler and Karen Green (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1992) –––––, ‘Poems in Two Volumes’ and Other Poems, 1800–1807, ed Jared Curtis (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1983) –––––, The Prose Works of William Wordsworth, ed W.J.B Owen and Jane Worthington Smyser (3 vols, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1974) Secondary Sources Allen, Graham, Harold Bloom: A Poetics of Conflict (Hemel Hempsted: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1994) Allen, L.H., ‘Plagiarism, Sources and Influences in Shelley’s “Alastor”’, MLR, 18 (1923), 133–51 Allsup, James, The Magic Circle: A Study of Shelley’s Concept of Love (New York and London: Kennikat Press, 1976) Bibliography 189 Armstrong, Isobel, Language as Living Form in Nineteenth-Century Poetry (Brighton: Harvester, 1982) Ashton, Rosemary, The Life of Samuel Taylor Coleridge: A Critical Biography (Oxford,UK and Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 1996; repr 1997) Baker, Carlos, Shelley’s Major Poetry: The Fabric of a Vision (Princeton: 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repr 1992) Bygrave, Stephen, Coleridge and the Self (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1986) Cameron, Kenneth Neill, Shelley: The Golden Years (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1974) –––––, Young Shelley: Genesis of a Radical (London: Victor Gollancz, 1951) 190 Coleridge and Shelley Carothers, Yvonne M., ‘Alastor: Shelley Corrects Wordsworth’, MLQ, 42 (1981), 21–47 Chernaik, Judith, The Lyrics of Shelley (Cleveland and London: The Press of Case Western Reserve University, 1972) Clark, Timothy, Embodying Revolution: The Figure of the Poet in Shelley, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989) ––––– and Jerrold E Hogle, eds, Evaluating Shelley (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1996) Cooper, Andrew M., Doubt and Identity in Romantic Poetry (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1988) Corrigan, Timothy J., ‘Coleridge, the Reader: Language in a Combustible Mind’, PQ, 59 (1980), 76–91 Cronin, Richard, Shelley’s Poetic Thoughts (London and Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1981) Crook, Nora and 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Shelley’s Poetry’, K–SJ, 24 (1975), 70–88 Everest, Kelvin, Coleridge’s Secret Ministry: The Context of the Conversation Poems 1795–98 (Hassocks, Sussex: Harvester Press, 1979) –––––, ed., Essays and Studies 1992: Percy Bysshe Shelley – Bicentenary Essays (Cambridge: D.S Brewer, 1992) –––––, ed., Shelley Revalued: Essays from the Gregynog Conference (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983) Ferguson, Frances, Wordsworth: Language as Counter-Spirit (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1977) Fischman, Susan, ‘“Like the Sound of His Own Voice”: Gender, Audition, and Echo in Alastor’, K–SJ, 43 (1994), 141–69 Ford, Newell F., ‘Shelley’s “To a Skylark”’, K–SMB, 11 (1960), 6–12 Fraistat, Neil, ‘Poetic Quests and Questioning in Shelley’s Alastor Collection’, K– SJ, 33 (1984), 161–81 Bibliography 191 –––––, The Poem and the Book: Interpreting Collections of Romantic Poetry (Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1985) Fruman, Norman, Coleridge: The Damaged 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Edmund 123–4 Brisman, Susan Hawk 163, 168, 172 Brun, Friederike 73n, 87 Byron, George Gordon, Lord 17, 25, 59n Cameron, Kenneth Neill 18, 27, 28, 124 Carothers, Yvonne M 61 Chernaik, Judith 80, 117–18, 179, 180 Clairmont, Charles 41 Clark, Timothy 63, 71 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor comments on Shelley in Table Talk 22–3, 60 and the imagination 117 and language 99–107 desynonymy 103, 105, 106, 107, 177, 178 imitation and copy 104–5, 106, 110, 115–16 symbol and allegory 175–6, 178–9, 181 poetry and drama ‘Dejection: An Ode’ 44, 47, 48, 50, 54, 59–60, 64–5, 67, 71–2, 73, 89 ‘The Destiny of Nations’ 148, 151, 162–3 ‘The Devil’s Thoughts’ 27–8 ‘The Dungeon’ 170 ‘The Eolian Harp’ (‘Effusion XXXV’) 45, 47, 63, 65, 85 ‘Fears in Solitude’ 167, 176–7 ‘Fire, Famine, and Slaughter: A War Eclogue’ 28–39, 41, 143n, 169, 175 ‘France: An Ode’ 11, 28, 41, 167, 169–70 ‘Frost at Midnight’ 69, 96 ‘Hymn before Sun-rise, in the Vale of Chamouny’ 15, 26, 73–5, 81–3, 85, 86–98, 99 ‘Kubla Khan’ 62, 95–8, 99, 121, 179–80, 181, 182–3 ‘Lines on an Autumnal Evening’ 44–5, 47 ‘The Nightingale’ 113 ‘Ode to Tranquillity’ 26 ‘Religious Musings’ 148–9, 170 Remorse ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’ 15, 53n, 55–6, 65–6, 87–8, 123, 125–35, 137–45, 147–53, 156–60, 166–8, 172–3, 175 alterations to 126–31, 133–4 gloss 127, 129–30 prefatory material 128–31 Shelley’s admiration for 126–8 simile in 138–9, 147 Sibylline Leaves (1817) 26, 59, 126–7, 129, 147, 148 ‘Sonnet: To the Autumnal Moon’ 50 ‘This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison’ 99, 107–13, 117, 121 ‘To William Wordsworth’ 102 Zapolya prose Biographia Literaria 1, 13, 47, 103, 104–5, 106, 117, 127, 155–6, 178–9 The Friend 26, 48–9, 73, 74n, 155 Letters 72, 87n, 99, 100–101 Notebooks 104 Omniana 25–6 ‘On Poesy or Art’ 105 The Statesman’s Manual 175–9, 181–2 and religion 176–9 Shelley’s portraits of in ‘Letter to Maria Gisborne’ 58–9 196 Coleridge and Shelley in ‘O! there are spirits of the air’ 43–61 in ‘Peter Bell the Third’ 55–9 Cooper, Andrew M 113 Crook, Nora 124, 152n Culler, Jonathan 89 Medwin, Thomas 126, 155–6 Milton, John 4, 42, 113 Paradise Lost 56, 145 Modiano, Raimonda 131–2 Mueschke, Paul 61 Newlyn, Lucy 6–7 Dawson, P.M.S 168n De Bolla, Peter 6, 10–11, 13 Dyck, Sarah 132 Esterhammer, Angela 73n, 87n, 88n, 89 Everest, Kelvin 46, 47, 84, 90n, 109, 110, 161, 168n Fraistat, Neil 41, 43, 62, 125, 179, 180 Fry, Paul H 90 Gérard, Albert S 61 Godwin, William 17, 23, 44n, 62, 72 Griggs, Earl L 61 Hall, Jean 12, 101–2, 112 Hamilton, Paul 103 Hodgson, John A 12n Hogg, Thomas Jefferson 24–5, 41 Hogle, Jerrold E 12–13 Hollander, John 7–9, 10, 13, 14, 183 Holmes, Richard 17–18, 148 Hunt, Leigh 24 Jones, Frederick L 25 Jones, Steven E 57–8, 161, 163, 165 Kapstein, I.J 83n Keach, William 61, 68, 70, 100 Keane, Patrick J 167–8 Keats, John 128 Ketchum, Carl H 124–5, 152–3, 154, 159 King-Hele, Desmond 124, 125, 135 Kirchhoff, Frederick 60 Lamb, Charles 126 Leighton, Angela 83, 114, 117 Locock, C.D 29 McEathron, Scott 125–6, 134, 142, 143–4, 151–2, 153, 154, 157–8, 159 McGann, Jerome J 4–5 Marks, Emerson R 104, 105 Mayer, Elsie F 124, 146 O’Neill, Michael 12n, 55, 57, 64, 68, 70, 85, 96–7, 102–3 Paley, Morton D 27, 28, 29, 35n, 57 Peacock, Thomas Love 2, 41, 75n Peterfreund, Stuart 94n, 101n Pitt, William 28, 29, 32, 36, 37, 39, 167, 169 Quinn, Mary 150 Raben, Joseph 62 Reed, Arden 172 Reiman, Donald H 84, 119, 124n, 180 Ricks, Christopher 10, 14 Roberts, Hugh 182 Robinson, Charles E 26 Shakespeare, William Hamlet 119 Macbeth 28, 29, 31–34, 38, 39, 143n, 164 Shelley, Harriet (née Westbrook) 17, 24, 25, 48 Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft (née Godwin) 48, 62, 146 Journals 1, 25, 26, 75, 126, 127 on Coleridge 41, 43, 56, 59, 72 Shelley, Percy Bysshe and language 13–14, 100, 101–3, 106–7, 114–21, 172–3, 175–83 metaphor 84–5, 88, 90, 91–2, 94, 97 simile, use of 114–19, 136–9, 147, 153–4, 156–7, 171 and the perceiving mind 53–4, 58, 63–71, 75–98 poetry and drama Alastor (1816 volume) 15, 21, 41, 51, 123 ‘Alastor’ 50, 60–72, 73, 78n, 89, 96 The Cenci 124 ‘The Cloud’ 121 ‘The Devil’s Walk: A Ballad’ 27–8, 30, 31 Index ‘Falsehood and Vice: A Dialogue’ 28–39, 143n, 164, 175 ‘Hymn to Intellectual Beauty’ 112, 117 ‘Letter to Maria Gisborne’ 58–9 ‘Lines Written Among the Euganean Hills’ 155 ‘The Mask of Anarchy’ 34–5 ‘Mont Blanc’ 15, 26, 53, 73, 74, 75–98, 99, 114, 117, 175 ‘Mutability’ 50–52, 54, 160 ‘O! there are spirits of the air’ 15, 43–61, 67, 70, 71, 160 ‘Ode to Heaven’ 179–83 ‘Ode to the West Wind’ 33n, 80n ‘Peter Bell the Third’ 17, 54–8 Prometheus Unbound (1820 volume) 15, 121, 123, 125, 152, 175, 179, 182 ‘Prometheus Unbound’ 26, 32, 38, 100, 102–3, 121, 151, 155, 160–73, 175, 176, 178, 182, 183 Preface 1, 5, 115n, 168 ‘Proteus Wordsworth’ (fragment) 150–51 Queen Mab 46 The Revolt of Islam 37 ‘To a Sky-Lark’ 44n, 85, 99, 113–21, 147, 172 ‘A Summer Evening Churchyard, Lechlade, Gloucestershire’ 69n ‘The Triumph of Life’ ‘A Vision of the Sea’ 15, 123–6, 134–60 ‘To Wordsworth’ 17, 41, 54–5, 61 prose An Address to the Irish People 35, 36 A Defence of Poetry 13–14, 49, 54, 56–7, 101–2, 106, 112–13, 115, 118–19, 121, 123, 175, 176, 178 197 Letters 1, 18–23, 25, 41, 45, 75n, 127, 145–6 The Necessity of Atheism 24 ‘On Life’ 76, 98, 111, 120, 171 ‘On Love’ 157 ‘Speculations on Metaphysics’ 53–4, 58, 68, 79, 177–8 and relation of poetic vision to social and political reform 57, 90, 102, 103, 121, 160, 168–73, 175 and religion 34–7, 45, 75, 82, 91–4, 98, 169–70 Southey, relationship with 17–25 Wordsworth, reading of and feelings towards 17, 54–5; see also ‘Peter Bell the Third’; ‘To Wordsworth’ Sheraw, C Darrel 28 Smith, Gayle S 133 Southey, Robert 2, 17–25, 28, 45, 49, 73, 74n, 127n The Curse of Kehama 18, 25 ‘The Devil’s Thoughts’ 27 Stillinger, Jack 126, 127n, 129 Tetreault, Ronald 78n Ulmer, William A 119–20 Wasserman, Earl R 64, 65, 70, 71, 76, 83n, 84, 98 Webb, Timothy 62 Wheeler, K.M 97–8, 112, 130, 158 Wolfson, Susan J 88, 106, 116, 138 Wordsworth, Jonathan 76, 84, 85 Wordsworth, William 2, 4, 7, 12, 17, 41–3, 54–7, 116, 118, 126 The Excursion 61 ‘Immortality Ode’ 17, 42, 61 Lyrical Ballads 17, 53n, 57, 105, 126, 127–8, 155 The Prelude 102 ‘Tintern Abbey’ 52, 61 ... Laon and Cythna: Bodleian MSS Shelley adds e 14 and adds e 19, ed Tatsuo Tokoo (1992); x Coleridge and Shelley vol 14, Shelley s “Devils” Notebook: Bodleian MS Shelley adds e 9, ed P.M.S Dawson and. .. Manuscripts of Shelley s Poems in European and American Libraries, ed Donald H Reiman and Michael O’Neill (1997) Coleridge and Shelley xii PS The Poems of Shelley, ed Geoffrey Matthews and Kelvin... Bodleian MSS Shelley e 1, e 2, and e 3, ed Neil Fraistat (1991); vol 10, Mary Shelley s Plays and her Translation of the Cenci Story: Bodleian MSS Shelley d and adds e 13, ed Charles E Robinson and Betty