Vittoria Colonna and the Spiritual Poetics of the Italian Reformation For Dan Woodford Vittoria Colonna and the Spiritual Poetics of the Italian Reformation ABIGAIL BRUNDIN University of Cambridge, UK © Abigail Brundin 2008 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher Abigail Brundin has asserted her moral right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the author of this work Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Gower House Croft Road Aldershot Hampshire GU11 3HR England Ashgate Publishing Company Suite 420 101 Cherry Street Burlington, VT 05401-4405 USA Ashgate website: http://www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Brundin, Abigail Vittoria Colonna and the spiritual poetics of the Italian Reformation – (Catholic Christendom, 1300–1700) Colonna, Vittoria, 1492–1547 – Criticism and interpretation Italian poetry – 16th century – History and criticism Christian poetry, Italian – History and criticism Petrarchism Neoplatonism in literature I Title 851.4’09 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Brundin, Abigail Vittoria Colonna and the spiritual poetics of the Italian Reformation / by Abigail Brundin p cm – (Catholic Christendom, 1300–1700) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-0-7546-4049-3 (alk paper) Colonna, Vittoria, 1492-1547–Criticism and interpretation Italian poetry–15th century–History and criticism Christian poetry, Italian–History and criticism I Title PQ4620.B78 2008 851’.3–dc22 2007030167 ISBN 978 7546 4049 Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall Contents Series Editor’s Preface Preface Acknowledgements Introduction Petrarchism, Neo-Platonism and Reform vii ix xv 1 The Making of a Renaissance Publishing Phenomenon 15 The Influence of Reform 37 The Canzoniere Spirituale for Michelangelo Buonarroti 67 The Gift Manuscript for Marguerite de Navarre 101 Marian Prose Works 133 Colonna’s Readers: The Reception of Reformed Petrarchism 155 The Fate of the Canzoniere Spirituale 171 Conclusion 191 Bibliography Index 193 215 This page intentionally left blank Series Editor’s Preface The still-usual emphasis on medieval (or Catholic) and reformation (or Protestant) religious history has meant neglect of the middle ground, both chronological and ideological As a result, continuities between the middle ages and early modern Europe have been overlooked in favor of emphasis on radical discontinuities Further, especially in the later period, the identification of ‘reformation’ with various kinds of Protestantism means that the vitality and creativity of the established church, whether in its Roman or local manifestations, has been left out of account In the last few years, an upsurge of interest in the history of traditional (or catholic) religion makes these inadequacies in received scholarship even more glaring and in need of systematic correction The series will attempt this by covering all varieties of religious behavior, broadly interpreted, not just (or even especially) traditional institutional and doctrinal church history It will to the maximum degree possible be interdisciplinary, comparative and global, as well as nonconfessional The goal is to understand religion, primarily of the ‘Catholic’ variety, as a broadly human phenomenon, rather than as a privileged mode of access to superhuman realms, even implicitly The period covered, 1300–1700, embraces the moment which saw an almost complete transformation of the place of religion in the life of Europeans, whether considered as a system of beliefs, as an institution, or as a set of social and cultural practices In 1300, vast numbers of Europeans, from the pope down, fully expected Jesus’s return and the beginning of His reign on earth By 1700, very few Europeans, of whatever level of education, would have subscribed to such chiliastic beliefs Pierre Bayle’s notorious sarcasms about signs and portents are not idiosyncratic Likewise, in 1300 the vast majority of Europeans probably regarded the pope as their spiritual head; the institution he headed was probably the most tightly integrated and effective bureaucracy in Europe Most Europeans were at least nominally Christian, and the pope had at least nominal knowledge of that fact The papacy, as an institution, played a central role in high politics, and the clergy in general formed an integral part of most governments, whether central or local By 1700, Europe was divided into a myriad of different religious allegiances, and even those areas officially subordinate to the pope were both more nominally Catholic in belief (despite colossal efforts at imposing uniformity) and also in allegiance than they had been four hundred years earlier The pope had become only one political factor, and not one of the first rank The clergy, for its part, had virtually disappeared from secular governments as well as losing much of its local authority The stage was set for the Enlightenment Thomas F Mayer, Augustana College This page intentionally left blank Preface It is the particular fate of women writers of the Renaissance period across all the nations of Europe, as recent scholarship has cogently emphasised, to suffer from a ‘weak history’, that is the tendency to disappear almost completely from the canon of recognised writers after a relatively short period of fame and literary acclaim.1 No matter how great the literary status of the writer in question during their brief flowering, few seem to have been immune to this frustrating phenomenon The reasons for the historical erasure of such writers are various and subtle, with at their heart the persistent tendency to read women’s writing in a ruthlessly biographical vein which serves to dehistoricise it and undermine its literary status, alongside the consideration of such minority voices as ‘curiosities’ to be assembled in marvellous collections that are not considered serious or lasting.2 In setting out to write a book-length study in English of Vittoria Colonna, whose fame and literary standing in her own era were unquestioned, one is confronted with precisely this situation On the one hand, scholarly accounts of the period almost universally acknowledge Colonna’s importance as a literary figure, one of the primary means by which the linguistic and Petrarchan ideals concretised in the early decades of the sixteenth century by Pietro Bembo filtered further south, a political intermediary, a religious reformer, and also, more problematically, as a lone female voice in a male-dominated cultural arena On the other hand, such acknowledgement has failed to translate into a serious monograph about this highly interesting and important individual, but rather she has continually been assigned a subsidiary role in the account of the lives of the powerful men she knew.3 In relation to these men Colonna’s role is a passive one: she is a muse, or else a pupil characterised as possessing an absorbent and receptive mind but little originality or intellectual acuity of her own Due presumably to her perceived mainstream status, she has remained relatively untouched by the wave of feminist-inspired literary criticism that has in the past decades uncovered and re-appropriated so many forgotten female The phrase is borrowed from the useful volume on this phenomenon, Strong Voices, Weak History: Early Women Writers and Canons in England, France, and Italy, ed by Pamela J Benson and Victoria Kirkham (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2005) On this latter tendency, see the essay by Deana Shemek, ‘The Collector’s Cabinet: Lodovico Domenichi’s Gallery of Women’, in Benson and Kirkham, eds, Strong Voices, Weak History, pp 239–62 The most recent monograph in English devoted to Colonna is Maude Jerrold, Vittoria Colonna, Her Friends and Her Times (New York: Freeport, 1906) The persistency of this tendency into very recent history is exemplified by the title of the 1997 exhibition on Colonna that was held at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna: Vittoria Colonna, Dichterin und Muse Michelangelos The suggestion is that Colonna would not have been an interesting enough subject in her own right without the reflected lustre conferred by her famous friend 204 VITTORIA COLONNA Firpo, Massimo, and Dario Marcatto, eds, Il processo inquisitoriale del cardinal Giovanni Morone Edizione critica, vols (Rome: Istituto storico italiano per l’età moderna e contemporanea, 1981–1988) ———, eds, I processi inquisitoriali di Pietro Carnesecchi (1557–1567) Edizione critica, I: Il processo sotto Paolo IV e Pio IV (1557–1561); II: Il processo sotto Pio V (1566–1567), I: Guigno 1566–ottobre 1566; II: Novembre 1566–gennaio 1567; III: Gennaio 1567–agosto 1567 Collectanea Archivi Vaticani, 43 (Vatican City: Archivio Segreto Vaticano, 1998, 2000) Flemming, Juliet, ‘The ladies’ man and the age of Elizabeth’, in Sexuality and Gender in Early Modern Europe: Institutions, Texts, Images, ed by James Grantham Turner (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), pp 158–81 Fontana, Bartolommeo, ‘Nuovi documenti vaticano intorno a Vittoria Colonna’, Archivio della R Società Romana di Storia Patria 10 (1887), 595–628 Fowler, Alistair, Kinds of Literature: An Introduction to the Theory of Genres and Modes (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982) Fragnito, Gigliola, ‘Gli “Spirituali” e la fuga di Bernardino Ochino’, Rivista storica italiana 84 (1972), 777–813 ———, ‘Vittoria Colonna e l’Inquisizione’, Benedictina 37 (1990), 157–72 ———, La Bibbia al rogo: la censura ecclesiastica e i volgarizzamenti della Scrittura, 1471–1605 (Bologna: Il Mulino, 1997) Frede, Carlo de, ‘Vittoria Colonna e il suo processo inquisitoriale postumo’, Atti del Accademia Pontaniana 37 (1988), 251–83 Freedberg, David, The Power of Images: Studies in the History and Theory of Response (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1989) Furey, Constance, ‘“Intellects inflamed in Christ”: Women and Spiritualized Scholarship in Renaissance Christianity’, Journal of Religion 84 (2004), 1–22 ———, Erasmus, Contarini, and the Religious Republic of Letters (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006) Galdi, Francesco, Vittoria Colonna dal lato della neuro-psicopatologia (Portici: Spedalieri, 1898) Gibaldi, Joseph, ‘Vittoria Colonna: Child, Woman, Poet’, in Women Writers of the Renaissance and Reformation, ed by Katherine M Wilson (Athens, GA, and London: University of Georgia Press, 1987), pp 22–46 Gill, Meredith J., Augustine in the Italian Renaissance: Art and Philosophy from Petrarch to Michelangelo (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005) Gilson, Etienne, Thomism: the Philosophy of Thomas Aquinas (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 2002) Giordano, Amalia, La dimora di Vittoria Colonna a Napoli (Naples: Tipografia Melfi e Joele, 1906) Giusti, Paola, and Pierluigi Leone de Castris, Pittura del Cinquecento a Napoli, 2nd edn, vols (Naples: Electa, 1988) BIBLIOGRAPHY 205 Gleason, Elisabeth G., ‘On the Nature of Sixteenth-Century Italian Evangelism: Scholarship, 1953–1978’, Sixteenth Century Journal (1978), 3–26 ———, Gasparo Contarini: Venice, Rome and Reform (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1993) Gnocchi, Alessandro, ‘Tommaso Giustiniani, Ludovico Ariosto e la Compagnia degli Amici’, Studi di filologia italiana 57 (1999), 277–93 Goldscheider, Ludwig, ed., Michelangelo’s Drawings (London: Phaidon, 1951) Graef, Hilda, Mary: A History of Doctrine and Devotion, 2nd edn (London: Sheed and Ward, 1987) Graf, Arturo, Attraverso il Cinquecento (Turin: Chiantore, 1926) Greenblatt, Stephen, Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1980) Greene, Roland, Post-Petrarchism: Origins and Innovations of the Western Lyric Sequence (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991) Greene, Thomas M., The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1982) Gui, Francesco, L’attesa del Concilio Vittoria Colonna e Reginald Pole nel movimento degli ‘spirituali’, Storia e società (Rome: Editoria Università Elettronica, 1998) Hall, James, Dictionary of Subjects and Symbols in Art, revised edn (London: John Murray, 1984) Hare, Christopher, Men and Women of the Italian Reformation (London: Stanley Paul, 1914) Haskins, Susan, Mary Magdalene: Myth and Metaphor (London: Harper Collins, 1993) Heisch, Allison, ‘Queen Elizabeth I and the Persistence of Patriarchy’, Feminist Review (1980), 45–56 Heller, Henry, ‘Marguerite de Navarre and the Reformers of Meaux’, Bibliothèque d’Humanisme et Renaissance 33 (1971), 271–310 Hirsch, E F., ‘Michael Servetus and the Neoplatonic Tradition: God, Christ and Man’, Bibliothèque d’Humanisme et Renaissance 42 (1980), 561–75 Javitch, Daniel, Proclaiming a Classic: The Canonization of Orlando Furioso (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991) Jenkins-Blaisdell, Charmarie, ‘Renée de France between Reform and CounterReform’, Archive for Reformation History 63 (1972), 196–226 ———, ‘Calvin’s Letters to Women: The Courting of Ladies in High Places’, Sixteenth Century Journal 13 (1982), 67–84 Jerrold, Maude, Vittoria Colonna, Her Friends and Her Times (New York: Freeport, 1906) Joannides, Paul, Michelangelo and his Influence: Drawings from Windsor Castle Catalogue of an exhibition at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, October – 14 December 1997 (London: Lund Humphries, 1996) Jones, Ann Rosalind, The Currency of Eros: Women’s Love Lyric in Europe, 1540 – 1620 (Bloomington and Indianapolis, IN: Indiana University Press, 1990) 206 VITTORIA COLONNA Jordan, Constance, Renaissance Feminism: Literary Texts and Political Models (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990) Jung, Eva-Maria, ‘Vittoria Colonna: Between Reformation and CounterReformation’, Review of Religion 15 (1951): 144–59 ———, ‘On the Nature of Evangelism in Sixteenth-Century Italy’, Journal of the History of Ideas 14 (1953), 511–27 Jung-Inglessis, Eva-Maria, ‘Il Pianto della Marchesa di Pescara sopra la Passione di Christo Introduzione’, Archivio italiano per la storia della pieta 10 (1997), 115–47 Kelly, Joan, ‘Early Feminist Theory and the Querelle des Femmes’, in Women, History, and Theory: The Essays of Joan Kelly (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1984), pp 65–109 Kennedy, William J., Authorizing Petrarch (Ithaca, NY, and London: Cornell University Press, 1994) Kermina, Franỗoise, Jeanne dAlbret, la mère passionnée d’Henri IV (Mesnilsur-l’Estrée: Perrin, 1998) King, Margaret L., ‘Thwarted Ambitions: Six Learned Women of the Italian Renaissance’, Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal 59 (1976), 280–304 ———, ‘Book Lined Cells: Women and Humanism in the Early Italian Renaissance’, in Patricia H Labalme, ed., Beyond Their Sex: Learned Women of the European Past (New York: New York University Press, 1980), pp 66–90 Kirkham, Victoria, ‘Laura Battiferra degli Ammannati benefattrice dei Gesuiti fiorentini’, in Commitenza artistica femminile, ed by Sara F Matthews Grieco and Gabriella Zarri, Quaderni storici, 104 (2000), 331–54 ———, ‘La Poetessa al Presepio: Una meditazione inedita di Laura Battiferra degli Ammannati’, Filologia e critica 27 (2002), 258–76 Kleinhenz, Christopher, The Early Italian Sonnet: The First Century (1220– 1321) (Lecce: Milella, 1986) Kolsky, Stephen, The Ghost of Boccaccio: Writings on Famous Women in Renaissance Italy Late Medieval and Early Modern Studies (Turnhout: Brepols, 2005) Kristeller, Paul Oskar, ‘Lay Religious Traditions and Florentine Platonism’, in Studies in Renaissance Thought and Letters (Rome: Edizioni di storia e letteratura, 1956), pp 99–122 Ladner, Gerhart B., The Idea of Reform: Its Impact on Christian Thought and Action in the Age of the Fathers (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1959) Lefranc, Abel, ‘Les idées religieuses de Marguerite de Navarre d’après son œuvre poétique’, Société de lhistoire du Protestantisme franỗais 46 (1897), 295311 Lowe, K J P., Nuns’ Chronicles and Convent Culture in Renaissance and Counter-Reformation Italy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003) BIBLIOGRAPHY 207 McAuliffe, Dennis, ‘Neoplatonism in Vittoria Colonna’s Poetry: From the Secular to the Divine’, in Ficino and Renaissance Neoplatonism, ed by K Eisenbickler and O Z Pugliese (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1986), pp 101–12 ———, ‘The Language of Spiritual Renewal in the Poetry of Pre-Tridentine Rome: The Case of Vittoria Colonna as Advocate for Reform’, Rivista della Civiltà Italiana 40 (1996), 196–9 McGrath, Alister E., Iustitia Dei: A History of the Christian Doctrine of Justification (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986) McLaughlin, Martin L., Literary Imitation in the Italian Renaissance The Theory and Practice of Literary Imitation in Italy from Dante to Bembo (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995) McNair, Philip M J., ‘Beneficium Christi as Index to the Language of SixteenthCentury Italian Evangelism: Assumption and Actuality’, in The Languages of Literature in Renaissance Italy, ed by Peter Hainsworth et al (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988), pp 257–70 Maddison, Carol, Marcantonio Flaminio: Poet, Humanist and Reformer (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1965) Maio, Romeo de, Michelangelo e la Controriforma (Rome: Laterza, 1978) Manzoni, Giacomo, ed., ‘Estratto del processo di Pietro Carnesecchi’, Miscellanea di storia italiana 10 (1870), 187–573 Marranzini, A., ‘Il problema della giustificazione nell’evoluzione del pensiero di Seripando’, in Geronimo Seripando e la chiesa del suo tempo Nel V centenario della nascita, ed by A Cestaro (Rome: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, 1997), pp 227–69 Martines, Lauro, Power and Imagination: City-States in Renaissance Italy, 3rd edn (London: Pimlico, 2002) Martini, Giuseppe, ‘L’edizione originale delle tre lettere indirizzate da Vittoria Colonna a sua cugina Costanza d’Avalos, moglie di Alfonso Piccolomini duca di Amalfi’, in Scritti vari dedicati a Mario Armanni in occasione del suo sessantesimo compleanno (Milan: Hoepli, 1938), pp 141–4 Mayer, Thomas F., Cardinal Pole in European Context: A via media in the Reformation (Aldershot: Ashgate Variorum, 2000) ———, Reginald Pole: Prince and Prophet (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000) ———, ‘Cardinal Pole’s concept of Reformatio: the Reformatio Angliae and Bartolomé Carranza’, in John Edwards and Ron Truman, eds, Reforming Catholicism in the England of Mary Tudor: The Achievement of Friar Bartolomé Carranza (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005), pp 65–80 ———, ‘What to Call the Spirituali’, in Chiesa cattolica e mondo moderno: Scritti in onore di Paolo Prodi, ed by Gianpaolo Brizzi, Adriano Prosperi and Gabriella Zarri (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2007), pp 11–26 Mazzetti, Mila (1973) ‘La poesia come vocazione morale: Vittoria Colonna’, Rassegna della letteratura italiana 77 (1973), 58–99 Menzies, Lucy, The Saints in Italy (London: Medici Society, 1924) 208 VITTORIA COLONNA Merrill, R V., ‘Platonism in Petrarch’s Canzoniere’, Modern Philology 27 (1929/1930), 161–74 Monson, Craig A., ed., The Crannied Wall: Women, Religion and the Arts in Early Modern Europe (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1992) Montella, Luigi, Una poetessa del rinascimento: Laura Terracina (Salerno: Edisud Salerno, 1993) Moro, Giovanni, ‘Le commentaire de Rinaldo Corso sur les Rime de Vittoria Colonna: une encyclopédie pour les “très nobles Dames”’, in Les Commentaires et la Naissance de la Critique Littéraire, ed by Gisèle Mathieu-Castellani and Michel Plaisance (Paris: Aux amateurs de livres, 1990), pp 195–202 Moroni, Ornella, Carlo Gualteruzzi (1500–1577) e i corrispondenti, Studi e Testi 307 (Vatican City: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1984) Morris, Joan, ‘The First Portrayal’, in The Decorative Arts of the Christian Church, ed by Gervis Frere-Cook (London: Cassell, 1972), pp 9–28 Mullett, Michael A., The Catholic Reformation (London: Routledge, 1999) Murray, Peter, and Linda Murray, The Oxford Companion to Christian Art and Architecture (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996) Mussio, Thomas E., ‘The Augustinian Conflict in the Lyrics of Michelangelo: Michelangelo Reading Petrarch’, Italica 74 (1997), 339–59 Nagel, Alexander, ‘Gifts for Michelangelo and Vittoria Colonna’, Art Bulletin 79 (1997), 647–68 ———, Michelangelo and the Reform of Art (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000) Niccolini, Benedetto, ‘Sulla religiosità di Vittoria Colonna’, Studi e materiali di storia delle religioni 22 (1949), 89–109 Nieto, José C., Juan de Valdés and the Origins of the Spanish and Italian Reformation (Geneva: Droz, 1970) Nobbio Mollaretti, Raffaela, Vittoria Colonna e Michelangelo Nel quinto centenario della sua nascita (1490–1990) (Florence: Firenze libri, 1990) O’Carroll, Michael, Theotokos: A Theological Encyclopedia of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier, 1983) Och, Marjorie, ‘Vittoria Colonna and the Commission for a Mary Magdalene by Titian’, in Beyond Isabella: Secular Women Patrons of Art in Renaissance Italy, ed by Sheryl E Reiss and David G Wilkins, Sixteenth-Century Essays and Studies 54 (Kirksville, MO: Truman State University Press, 2001), pp 193–223 O’Malley, John W., Praise and Blame in Renaissance Rome: Rhetoric, Doctrine, and Reform in the Sacred Orators of the Papal Court, c.1450– 1521 (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1979) Ordine, Nucio, ‘Vittoria Colonna nell’Orlando Furioso’, Studi e problemi di critica testuale 42 (1991), 55–92 Ortolani, Oddone, Pietro Carnesecchi (Florence: Felice le Monnier, 1963) Pagano, Sergio and Concetta Ranieri, Nuovi documenti su Vittoria Colonna e Reginald Pole (Vatican City: Archivio Vaticano, 1989) BIBLIOGRAPHY 209 Panofsky, Erwin, Studies in Iconology: Humanistic Themes in the Art of the Renaissance (New York: Harper and Row, 1962) Pastore, Alessandro, Marcantonio Flaminio: fortune e sfortune di un chierico nell’Italia del Cinquecento (Milan: Angeli, 1981) Peck, Harry Thurston, ed., Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities (London: Osgood McIlvaine, 1897) Pelikan, Jaroslav, The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine, vols (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1984) ———, Mary through the Centuries: Her Place in the History of Culture (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998) Pelliccia, Guerrino, and Giancarlo Rocca, eds, Dizionario degli istituti di perfezione, vols (Rome: Paoline, 1974–1997) Pertile, Lino, ‘Apollonio Merenda, segretario del Bembo, e ventidue lettere di Trifone Gabriele’, Studi e problemi di critica testuale 34 (1987), 9–48 Plaisance, Michel, L’Accademia e il suo principe Cultura e politica a Firenze al tempo di Cosimo I e di Francesco de’ Medici (Manziana [Rome]: Vecchiarelli Editore, 2004) Prosperi, Adriano, Tra evangelismo e controriforma: G M Giberti (1495– 1543) (Rome: Edizioni di storia e letteratura, 1969) Prosperi, Adriano, and Carlo Ginzburg, Giochi di pazienza: Un seminario sul ‘Beneficio di Cristo’ (Turin: Einaudi, 1975) Quondam, Amedeo, Petrarchismo mediato: per una critica della forma “antologia”: livelli d’uso del sistema linguistico del petrarchismo (Rome: Bulzoni, 1974) ———, Il naso di Laura Lingua e poesia lirica nella tradizione del Classicismo (Ferrara: Panini, 1991) ———, ed., Le ‘carte messaggiere’ Retorica e modelli di comunicazione epistolare: per un indice dei libri di lettere del Cinquecento (Rome: Bulzoni, 1981) Rabitti, Giovanna, ‘Linee per il ritratto di Chiara Matraini’, Studi e problemi di critica testuale 22 (1981), 141–65 ———, ‘La metafora e l’esistenza nella poesia di Chiara Matraini’, Studi e problemi di critica testuale 27 (1983), 109–45 ———, ‘Vittoria Colonna, Bembo e Firenze: un caso di ricezione e qualche postilla’, Studi e problemi di critica testuale 44 (1992), 127–55 ———, ‘Lyric poetry, 1500–1650’, trans by Abigail Brundin, in A History of Women’s Writing in Italy, ed by Letizia Panizza and Sharon Wood (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp 37–51 ———, ‘Vittoria Colonna as role model for Cinquecento women poets’, in Women in Italian Renaissance Culture and Society, ed by Letizia Panizza (Oxford: European Humanities Research Centre, 2000), pp 478–97 Ragioneri, Pina, ed., Vittoria Colonna e Michelangelo, Catalogue to the exhibition at the Casa Buonarroti, Florence, 24 May – 12 September 2005 (Florence: Mandragora, 2005) Ranieri, Concetta, ‘Ancora sul carteggio tra Pietro Bembo e Vittoria Colonna’, Giornale Italiano di Filologia 14 (1983), 133–52 210 VITTORIA COLONNA ———, ‘Vittoria Colonna: dediche, libri e manoscritti’, Critica letteraria (1985), 249–70 ———, ‘Vittoria Colonna e la riforma: alcune osservazioni critiche’, Studi latini e italiani (1992), 87–96 ———, ‘Premesse umanistiche alla religiosità di Vittoria Colonna’, Rivista di storia e letteratura religiosa 32 (1996), 531–48 ———, ‘Imprestiti platonici nella formazione religiosa di Vittoria Colonna’, in Presenze eterodosse nel Viterbese tra Quattro e Cinquecento, ed V De Caprio and C Ranieri (Rome: Archivio Giodo Izzi, 2000), pp 193–212 Reumont, Alfredo, Vittoria Colonna Vita, fede e poesia nel secolo decimosesto, trans by Giuseppe Müller and Ermanno Ferrero (Turin: Ermanno Loescher, 1883) Richardson, Brian, Printing, Writers and Readers in Renaissance Italy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999) ———, ‘From Scribal Publication to Print Publication: Pietro Bembo’s Rime, 1529–1535’, Modern Language Review 95 (2000), 684–95 ———, ‘Print or Pen? Modes of Written Publication in Sixteenth-Century Italy’, Italian Studies 59 (2004), 39–64 Robin, Diana, Publishing Women: Salons, the Presses, and Religious Reform in Renaissance Italy (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2007) Roelker, Nancy Lyman, Queen of Navarre Jeanne d’Albret, 1528–1572 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1968) ———, ‘The Appeal of Calvinism to French Noblewomen in the Sixteenth Century’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History (1971–1972), 391–418 Roscoe, H., Vittoria Colonna: Her Life and Poems (London: Macmillan, 1868) Rosenthal, Margaret F., The Honest Courtesan: Veronica Franco, Citizen and Writer in Sixteenth-Century Venice (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1992) Rossi, Vittorio, Storia della letteratura italiana Volume secondo: Dal rinascimento al rinnovamento, ed by Umberto Bosco (Milan: Dr Francesco Villardi, 1956) Russell, Rinaldina, ‘The Mind’s Pursuit of the Divine A Survey of Secular and Religious Themes in Vittoria Colonna’s Sonnets’, Forum Italicum 26 (1992), 14–27 ———, ‘L’ultima meditazione di Vittoria Colonna e l’Ecclesia Viterbiensis’, La Parola del Testo Semestrale di filologia e letteratura italiana e comparata dal medioevo al rinascimento (2000), 151–66 ———, ed., Italian Women Writers: A Bio-Bibliographical Sourcebook (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1994) Rutter, Itala T C., ‘La scrittura di Vittoria Colonna e Margherita di Navarra: resistenza e misticismo’, Romance Languages Annual (1991), 303–8 Sabbatino, Pasquale, Il modello bembiano a Napoli nel Cinquecento (Naples: Ferrara, 1986) BIBLIOGRAPHY 211 Samuels, Richard S., ‘Benedetto Varchi, the Accademia degli Infiammati, and the Origins of the Italian Academic Movement’, Renaissance Quarterly 29 (1976), 599–634 Santagata, Marco, and Amedeo Quondam, eds, Il libro di poesia dal copista al tipografo (Modena: Panini, 1989) Sartori, Eva Martin, and Dorothy Wynne Zimmermann, eds., French Women Writers: A Bio-Bibliographical Source Book (New York: Greenwood, 1991) Sassi, Giuseppina, ‘Gentildonne e poeti del Cinquecento’, Il Vasari (1930), 171–201 Saulnier, V L., ‘Marguerite de Navarre, Vittoria Colonna et quelques autres amis italiens de 1540’, in Mélanges la mémoire de Franco Simone: France et Italie dans la culture européene I: Moyen Age et Renaissance (Geneva: Slatkine, 1980), pp 281–95 Scala, Mirella, ‘Encomi e dediche nelle prime relazioni culturali di Vittoria Colonna’, Periodico della società storica comense 54 (1990), 95–112 Scaraffia, Lucetta, and Gabriella Zarri, eds, Donne e fede: Santità e vita religiosa in Italia (Rome: Laterza, 1994) Schurr, Claudia Elizabeth, Vittoria Colonna und Michelangelo Buonarroti Künstler and Liebespaar der Renaissance (Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 2001) Schutte, Anne Jacobson, ‘The Lettere Volgari and the Crisis of Evangelism in Italy’, Renaissance Quarterly 28 (1975), 639–88 ———, Pier Paolo Vergerio: The Making of an Italian Reformer (Geneva: Droz, 1977) ———, ‘Printing, Piety, and the People in Italy: The First Thirty Years’, Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 71 (1980), 5–19 ———, Printed Italian Vernacular Religious Books 1465–1550: A Finding List (Geneva: Droz, 1983) Segre, C., and C Ossola, eds, Antologia della poesia italiana II: Quattrocento– Settecento (Turin: Einaudi-Gallimard, 1998) Seidel Menchi, Silvana, ‘Le traduzioni italiane di Lutero nella prima metà del Cinquecento’, Rinascimento 2:17 (1977), 31–108 ———, ‘Italy’, in The Reformation in National Context, ed by Bob Scribner et al (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp 181–97 Shifrin, Susan, ed., Women as Sites of Culture (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2002) Simoncelli, Paolo, Il caso Reginald Pole Eresia e santità nelle polemiche religiose del Cinquecento (Rome: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, 1977) ———, ‘Pietro Bembo e l’evangelismo italiano’, Critica storica 15 (1978), 1–63 ———, Evangelismo italiano del Cinquecento Questione religiosa e nicodemismo politico (Rome: Istituto storico italiano per l’età moderna e contemporanea, 1979) Snyder, Susan, ‘Guilty Sisters: Marguerite de Navarre, Elizabeth of England, and the Miroir de l’âme pécheresse’, Renaissance Quarterly 50 (1997), 443–58 212 VITTORIA COLONNA Spiller, Michael R G., The Development of the Sonnet: An Introduction (London: Routledge, 1992) Spini, Giorgio, ‘Per una lettura teologica di Michelangelo’, Protestantesimo 44 (1989), 2–16 Squarotti, Giorgio Barberi, ‘Michelangelo e Vittoria Colonna’, in Michelangelo e Dante (Milan: Electa, 1995) Steadman, John M., Redefining a Period Style “Renaissance”, “Mannerist” and “Baroque” in Literature (Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press, 1990) Steinberg, Leo, Michelangelo’s Last Paintings: The Conversion of St Paul and the Crucifixion of St Peter in the Cappella Paolina, Vatican Palace (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975) ———, The Sexuality of Christ in Renaissance Art and in Modern Oblivion, 2nd edn (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1996) Summers, David, Michelangelo and the Language of Art (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1981) Tacchi-Venturi, Pietro, Nuove lettere inedite di Vittoria Colonna (Rome: Tipografia Poliglotta, 1901) ———, Vittoria Colonna Fautrice della riforma cattolica secondo alcune sue lettere inedite (Rome: Tipografia Poliglotta, 1901) Therault, Suzanne, Un Cénacle humaniste de la Renaissance autour de Vittoria Colonna châtelaine d’Ischia (Paris: Didier; Florence: Sansoni Antiquariato, 1968) Thompson, John Lee, John Calvin and the Daughters of Sarah Women in Regular and Exceptional Roles in the Exegesis of Calvin, his Predecessors, and his Contemporaries (Geneva: Droz, 1992) Tordi, Domenico, Bricciche letterarie (Rome: Tip Pallotta, 1889) ———, ‘Vittoria Colonna in Orvieto durante la guerra del sale’, Bolletino della Società Umbra di Storia Patria (1895), 473–533 ———, Il codice delle Rime di Vittoria Colonna, Marchesa di Pescara, appartenuto a Margherita d’Angoulême, Regina di Navarra (Pistoia: Flori, 1900) Toscano, Tobia, ‘Due “allievi” di Vittoria Colonna: Luigi Tansillo e Alfonso d’Avalos’, Critica letteraria 16 (1988), 739–73 ———, Letterati corti accademie La letteratura a Napoli nella prima metà del 500 (Naples: Loffredo, 2000) Trinkaus, Charles, ‘The Problem of Free Will in the Renaissance and the Reformation’, Journal of the History of Ideas 10 (1949), 51–62 ———, ‘Lorenzo Valla as Instaurator of the Theory of Humanism’, Hellas: A Journal of Poetry and the Humanities (1996), 75–101 ———, ‘Lorenzo Valla on the Problem of Speaking about the Trinity’, Journal of the History of Ideas 57 (1996), 27–53 Trovato, Paolo, ‘Per la storia delle Rime del Bembo’, Rivista di letteratura italiana (1991), 465–508 BIBLIOGRAPHY 213 Valerio, Adriana, ‘Bibbia, ardimento, coscienza femminile: Vittoria Colonna’, in Cristianesimo al femminile Donne protagoniste nella storia della Chiesa (Naples: M D’Auria, 1990), pp 151–70 Vecce, Carlo, Iacopo Sannazaro in Francia Scoperte di codici all’inizio del XVI secolo (Padua: Antenore, 1988) ———, ‘Paolo Giovio e Vittoria Colonna’, Periodico della Società Storica Comense 54 (1990), 67–93 ———, ‘Maiora numina La prima poesia religiosa e la Lammentatio di Sannazaro’, Studi e problemi di critica testuale 43 (1991), 49–94 ———, ‘Petrarca, Vittoria, Michelangelo: Note di commento a testi e varianti di Vittoria Colonna e Michelangelo’, Studi e problemi di critica testuale 44 (1992), 101–25 ———, ‘Vittoria Colonna: il codice epistolare della poesia femminile’, Critica letteraria 21 (1993), 3–34 Vickers, Nancy J., ‘Diana Described: Scattered Women and Scattered Rhyme’, in Lorna Hutson, ed., Feminism and Renaissance Studies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), pp 233–48 Warner, Marina, Alone of All Her Sex: The Myth and Cult of the Virgin Mary (New York: Vintage Books, 1983) Weinberg, Bernard, A History of Literary Criticism in the Italian Renaissance, vols (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1961) Wiesner, Merry E., ‘Beyond Women and the Family: Towards a Gender Analysis of the Reformation’, Sixteenth-Century Journal 18 (1987), 311–21 Wilde, Johannes, Italian Drawings in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum: Michelangelo and his Studio (London: Trustees of the British Museum, 1953) Wyss, Johann, Vittoria Colonna und ihr Kanzoniere (Frauenfeld: Verlag Huber, 1916) Zancan, Marina, ed., Nel cerchio della luna: figure di donna in alcuni testi del XVI secolo (Venice: Marsilio, 1983) Zappacosta, Guglielmo, Studi e ricerche sull’umanesimo italiano (Testi inediti del XV e XVI secolo) (Bergamo: Minerva Italica, 1972) Zarri, Gabriella, ed., Donna, disciplina, creanza cristiana dal XV al XVII secolo Studi e testi a stampa (Rome: Edizioni di storia e letteratura, 1996) ———, ed., Per lettera La scrittura epistolare femminile tra archivio e tipografia, secoli XV–XVII (Rome: Viella, 1999) Zemon Davis, Natalie, ‘City Women and Religious Change’, in Society and Culture in Early Modern France: Eight Essays (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1975), pp 65–95 ———, ‘Beyond the Market: Books as Gifts in Sixteenth-Century France’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 5:33 (1983), 69–88 ———, The Gift in Sixteenth-Century France (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000) This page intentionally left blank Index Accademia Pontaniana 9, 40–42, 47 Agrippa, Henricus Cornelius 123, 125 Albret, Jeanne d’, sonnet by 130–131 Aretino, Pietro 171 Ariosto, Ludovico, Orlando furioso 25–6, 164 Augustine, Saint 148–9 friendship with Colonna 28–30, 36, 172 poetry 30, 73–6, 180–182 religious thought of 79, 157 Buonaventure, Saint Meditationes vitae Christi 57, 138–9; see also empathic meditation Battiferra degli Ammannati, Laura 182–3, 184–9 Bembo, Pietro as Colonna’s mentor 22, 31, 36, 104, 106–7 in Colonna’s sonnets 94, 177 critical commentary on 34, 156 as linguist ix, 10–11 as reader of Vittoria Colonna 26–7 and reform 2–3, 46–7 works of asolani, Gli Rime 31, 81, 108, 161, 191 Beneficio di Cristo, Il (Mantova) 1, 3, 49–59, 61–3, 70–71, 76, 79, 86, 89, 93, 98, 100, 134, 136, 155, 157, 170–171 Boccaccio, Giovanni 159–60 Bonfigli, Nicolò Aurifico de 145–6 Buonarroti, Michelangelo Colonna’s manuscript for 12, 34–5, 67, 72, 79–100, 101, 108–9, 136, 140, 153, 163–4 drawings for Colonna 71 Crucifixion 72–3, 77–8 Pietà 78, 139, 141 Samaritan Woman at the Well 78–9 Calvin, Jean 8, 41, 55, 68, 71, 101, 131, 169 canzoniere, properties of 2, 4–7, 8, 15 Capece, Scipione 40, 42 Capuchins 45, 166–7 Carnesecchi, Pietro 43, 44, 48–50, 73 Castiglione, Baldassare 10, 22 libro del cortegiano, Il 7, 105 Catherine of Alexandria, Saint 152–3 Catherine of Siena, Saint 83, 149 Cavalieri, Tommaso de’ 28, 72 Charles V (emperor) 101, 123–4 Cibo, Caterina 45, 184–5 Clement VII (pope) 23, 45, 124 Colonna, Ascanio 23, 46, 48 Colonna, Fabrizio 19–20, 153 Colonna, Pompeo 122–3 Apologia mulierum 123–6 Colonna, Vittoria biography of 15–30 publication history 30–36 works of Epistola 21–3, 111 letters to Costanza d’Avalos Piccolomini 133, 146–53 letters to Reginald Pole 68–72 manuscript for Marguerite de Navarre 12, 89, 93, 101, 104–20, 133–4, 136, 145 216 VITTORIA COLONNA manuscript for Michelangelo Buonarroti 12, 34–5, 67, 72, 79–100, 101, 108–9, 136, 140, 153, 163–4 Oratione della Marchesa di Pescara sopra l’Ave Maria 142–5 Pianto sopra la passione di Cristo 12, 119, 127, 134–42, 145–7, 183, 188 Rime 26, 30–36, 81, 155–7, 163–70 Consilium de emendanda ecclesia 97 Contarini, Gasparo 47, 50, 53, 97 Contile, Luca 173–5, 180, 182 auto-commentary 178–9 Dialogi spirituali 175 Rime 177 Rime cristiane 176–7 Corso, Rinaldo, commentary on Colonna’s Rime 155–70 Council of Trent x, 47, 51, 155 Flaminio, Marcantonio 3, 42, 50, 52–3, 56, 63, 135–6; see also ‘Meditatione fatta da un divotissimo huomo’ Florentine Academy 171, 173 Fontanino, Benedetto, see Mantova, Benedetto da Fracastoro, Girolamo 125 France, Renée de 106, 122, 169 Fregoso, Cesare 125 Furey, Constance 63–4, 163 Danaë, myth of 88 Dante Alighieri 2, 59, 84–5, 86, 139, 159 D’Avalos, Alfonso 21, 25, 176 D’Avalos, Costanza (Colonna’s aunt) 20, 24, 39, 152–3 D’Avalos, Costanza (Piccolomini, Colonna’s cousin), letters to 133, 146–53 D’Avalos, Francesco Ferrante 9, 19, 23, 101, 107, 153, 167 Dolce, Ludovico, edition of Colonna’s Rime (1552) 35 Imitatio xi, 3, 10–11 Index of Prohibited Books (1549) 1, 51 Inquisition, Roman 42, 43, 49, 69, 73, 146, 169 Ischia, island of 9, 18, 20, 24, 39–40, 42, 96, 152, 153 ecclesia viterbiensis xii, 47; see also spirituali (Spirituals) empathic meditation 138–9; see also Buonaventure, Saint Epistola (Colonna) 21–2, 23, 111 Erasmus, Desiderius, Enchiridion 163 Ferrara, Court of 106–7, 169 Gambara, Veronica 31, 33, 156, 158, 160, 161–3, 167, 184 Giberti, Giovanni Matteo 50 gifts, religious significance of 12, 67–73, 79–80 Giolito, Gabriele 145 Giovio, Paolo 26, 95, 104 Gualteruzzi, Carlo 104, 106, 135 Holanda, Francisco de 29, 97 Jesuits 188–9 Justification by faith alone, see sola fide lay sermons 47, 56–63, 137 Leo X (pope) 122 letters to Costanza (Colonna) 133, 146–53 libro del cortegiano, Il (Castiglione) 7, 105 Luther, Martin 8, 40, 41, 43, 53, 54, 73, 156 Mantova, Benedetto da 50; see also Beneficio di Cristo INDEX Manuzio, Paolo 42 Marchesa di Pescara, see Colonna, Vittoria Marchese di Pescara, see D’Avalos, Francesco Ferrante Marguerite de Navarre 41, 125–6, 130–131, 172 Colonna’s manuscript for 12, 89, 93, 101, 104–20, 133–4, 136, 145 friendship with Colonna 101–4, 162 works by ‘Comedie des Innocents’ 127 ‘Comedie du Desert’ 127–9 Triomphe de l’Agneau 120–121 Martelli, Nicolò 171–4 Mary Magdalene, Saint 134, 140, 144, 148, 149, 152, 153, 166 Mary, Virgin 6, 78, 104, 125, 126, 152–3, 183, 187, 188, 191 in Colonna’s poetry 88–9, 95, 109–14, 116–20 in Colonna’s prose works 12, 133–45, 146–51, 153–4, 175 in Marguerite de Navarre’s writings 127–30 Matthew, Saint, gospel of 57, 62, 85, 96, 115, 127, 165, 167 Mayer, Thomas xii, 2–3, 50 ‘Meditatione fatta da un divotissimo huomo’ [Flaminio] 56–65 Meditationes vitae Christi [pseudoBuonaventure] 57, 138; see also Buonaventure, Saint; empathic meditation Michelangelo, see Buonarroti, Michelangelo Montefeltro, Agnese da 19 Montmorency, Anne de 106 Morata, Olimpia 169 Morone, Giovanni 48 217 Nagel, Alexander 71, 85, 135, 139 Naples and reform 39–46 neo-Platonism and reform 7–10, 40, 46 Nicodemism 164 Ochino, Bernardino 42, 45–6, 47, 51, 83, 93, 97, 134–5, 139, 142, 145, 147, 166–7, 169, 172, 174–5 O’Malley, John 52–3 Oratione della Marchesa di Pescara sopra l’Ave Maria (Colonna) 142–5 Orlando furioso (Ariosto) 25–6, 164 Ossola, Carlo 39 Paul, Saint, gospel of 70, 71, 148, 149, 156, 168 Paul III (pope) 3, 45, 96–7 Petrarch, Francesco xi, 6–7, 10, 15–16, 25, 26, 59, 61, 73, 81, 98, 99, 109, 156, 160, 186–7 Pianto sopra la passione di Cristo (Colonna) 12, 119, 127, 134–42, 145–7, 183, 188 Piccolomini, Alessandro 156 Pole, Reginald xii, 2–3, 39, 47–9, 50, 52, 56, 73, 79, 93, 97, 121, 135 in Colonna’s sonnets 45, 94–5, 113–4 correspondence with Colonna 68–71, 72 Politi, Ambrogio Catarino 51–2 predestination 40, 49, 55, 56, 89; see also Calvin, Jean Quondam, Amedeo 179, 182–3 reform, periodisation of xii, 13, 169, 192 Regensburg, Diet of 50, 53 Rime (Bembo) 31, 81, 108, 161, 191 Rime (Colonna) 26, 30–6, 81, 155–7, 163–70 218 VITTORIA COLONNA Rime sparse, see Petrarch, Francesco Ruscelli, Girolamo 157–9, 163, 167–8, 169 Terracina, Laura 31 Trent, Council of x, 47, 51, 155 Ursula, Saint 115 Sack of Rome 19, 123 Sacrati, Alberto 106 Salvation by faith alone, see sola fide San Silvestro, Convent of 23, 28, 29, 37, 97 Sannazaro, Jacopo 20, 40, 41–2, 65, 81 Santa Caterina, Convent of 47 Society of Jesus, see Jesuits sola fide 7, 40, 43, 46, 48–9, 53, 70, 79, 89, 90, 97, 100, 101, 129, 145, 168 sonnet, properties of 4–6 spirituali (Spirituals) xii, 2, 3, 11, 12, 39, 47–9, 56, 63–4, 68, 71, 73, 100, 133, 137; see also ecclesia viterbiensis Valdés, Juan de 39, 42–7, 50, 53, 55, 60, 65, 83, 86, 90, 93, 121, 147 Valgrisi, Vincenzo, edition of Colonna’s Rime (1546) 33–5, 83, 93 Valla, Lorenzo 40–41 Varchi, Benedetto 56, 182 Vasari, Giorgio 78, 184 Vergerio, Pier Paolo (the younger) 1, 42, 56, 103, 121–2 Vermigli, Pietro 42, 51, 97 Virgin Mary, see Mary, Virgin Voragine, Jacobus de, Golden Legend 137 .. .Vittoria Colonna and the Spiritual Poetics of the Italian Reformation For Dan Woodford Vittoria Colonna and the Spiritual Poetics of the Italian Reformation ABIGAIL BRUNDIN University of Cambridge,... Brundin, Abigail Vittoria Colonna and the spiritual poetics of the Italian Reformation – (Catholic Christendom, 1300 1700) Colonna, Vittoria, 1492–1547 – Criticism and interpretation Italian poetry... Abigail Vittoria Colonna and the spiritual poetics of the Italian Reformation / by Abigail Brundin p cm – (Catholic Christendom, 1300 1700) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-0-7546-4049-3