A study on english set expressions containing the word “BLUE” and the vietnamese equivalents

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY M.A THESIS A STUDY ON ENGLISH SET EXPRESSIONS CONTAINING THE WORD “BLUE” AND THE VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS (NGHIÊN CỨU NGỮ CỐ ĐỊNH TRONG TIẾNG ANH CÓ CHỨA TỪ “BLUE” VÀ TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG TRONG TIẾNG VIỆT) ĐINH THỊ THU HƯƠNG Hanoi, 2017 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY M.A THESIS A STUDY ON ENGLISH SET EXPRESSIONS CONTAINING THE WORD “BLUE” AND THE VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS (NGHIÊN CỨU NGỮ CỐ ĐỊNH TRONG TIẾNG ANH CÓ CHỨA TỪ “BLUE” VÀ TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG TRONG TIẾNG VIỆT) ĐINH THỊ THU HƯƠNG Field: English Language Code: 60.22.02.01 Supervisor: Dr Nguyễn Thị Vân Đông Hanoi, 2017 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I, the undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled A study on English set expressions containing the word “BLUE” and the Vietnamese equivalents submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in English Linguistics Except where the reference is indicated, no other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the text of the thesis Hanoi, October 2017 Dinh Thi Thu Huong Approved by SUPERVISOR (Signature and full name) Nguyen Thi Van Dong, PhD Date:…………………… i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis could not have been completed without the help and support from a number of people First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Mrs Nguyen Thị Van Dong, Ph.D., my supervisor, who has patiently and constantly supported me through the stages of the study, and whose stimulating ideas, expertise, and suggestions have inspired me greatly through my growth as an academic researcher My sincere acknowledgement also goes to all my lecturers and officers of Faculty of Graduate Studies, Hanoi Open University, who have facilitated me with the best possible conditions during my whole course of studying Last but not least, I am greatly indebted to my family, my friends for the sacrifice they have devoted to the fulfillment of this academic work ii ABSTRACT The title of my thesis is a study on syntactic and semantic features of English color expressions and the Vietnamese equivalents The purpose of my study is to describe the syntactic and semantic features of color expressions, especially concentrates on blue color, show some similarities and differences between English color expressions and the Vietnamese equivalents in terms of syntactic and semantic features, and propose the implications for teaching and learning these English expressions at high school To carry out this research, I use descriptive, analytical and contrastive methods.The author combines descriptive research method and comparative analysis method, in which survey questionnaires, the comparative method, the statistic method and the analytical method are included Being the result of survey, the author has pointed out the similarities and differences of English BLUE set expressions Hopefully, the finding of this study can, to some extent, be suggested as a referential material for Vietnamese students and teachers in studying and teaching color expressions iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS e.g.: etc.: for example et cetera CEx: ECEx: VCEx: Color expressions English color expressions Vietnamese color expressions iv LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Functions of adjective 11 Table 3.1 Syntactic features of BLUE set expressions ……………………….24 Table 3.2 Semantic meaning of BLUE set expressions in English……………42 Table 3.3 Semantic fields of the word “XANH” in Vietnamese summarized from collected data …………………………………………………44 Table 3.4 The similarities and differences of semantic meaning of BLUE set expressions in English and “XANH” in Vietnamese ………………44 Table 4.1 Subjects in use …………………………………………………… 53 Table 4.2 Key to the exercise …………………………………………………55 Table 4.3 The result of the survey …………………………………………… 55 Table 4.4 The result of the survey …………………………………………… 58 v TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .ii ABSTRACT iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iv LIST OF TABLES v Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale for the research 1.2 Aims and objectives of the research 1.3 Research questions…………………………………… ……………………3 1.4 Methods of the study………………………………………………… …….3 1.5 Scopes of the research 1.6 Significance of the research 1.7 Design of the research Chapter : LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Review of previous studies 2.2 Review of theoretical background 2.2.1 Theoretical framework 2.2.2 Theory of syntax………………………………………………… …… …9 2.2.3 Theory of semantics………………………………………… ……… ….10 2.2.4 Theory of color set expressions…………………………………… … …11 2.3 Theoretical background 13 2.3.1 Definition of expressions 13 2.3.2 Classifications of expressions 15 2.3.3 Features of color expressions 16 2.3.4 An overview of blue color 19 2.4 Summary 22 Chapter : A STUDY ON ENGLISH SET EXPRESSIONS CONTAINING THE WORD “BLUE” AND THE VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS 23 3.1 Syntactic features of blue set expressions 23 3.2 Semantic features of blue set expressions 26 3.3 Comparison between the Semantic Features of the Word “BLUE” in English and “XANH” in Vietnamese 43 3.3.1 In terms of similarities 44 3.3.2 In terms of differences 46 3.4 Summary 47 Chapter 4: COMMON ERRORS MADE BY LEARNERS OF ENGLISH WHEN USING ENGLISH “BLUE” SET EXPRESSIONS 49 4.1 Survey questionnaires 50 4.1.1 The subjects…………………………………………………………….… 51 4.1.2 Questionnaires (predictions) 51 4.1.3 Procedure 52 4.2 Common errors made by learners of English when using English BLUE set expressions in English and in Vietnamese 57 4.2.1 Common errors made by learners of English 57 4.2.2 Causes of committing errors 57 4.3 Suggestions for teaching and learning English BLUE set expressions in English and in Vietnamese 58 4.4 Summary 60 Chapter 5: CONCLUSION 61 5.1 Recapitulation 61 5.2 Concluding remarks…………………………………….……………………… 61 5.3 Limitations of the research 62 5.4 Suggestions for future research 62 REFERENCES 63 APPENDICES 66 ii Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale for the research Nowadays, the globalization has become a wide-spread trend in the world, therefore, communication with high requirements has become an urgent trend in the world than ever That is the reason why English is the most popular and flexible language in the world However, in spite of the fact that English has been the most common language, there stand challenges existing for foreign learners to overcome Those difficulties derive from special factors such as culture, context or even speaker’s implication They affect on foreign learners’ understanding as well as using the language In studying English, especially for the Vietnamese, it is really a shortcoming if we not take English color expressions into consideration, English color expressions are not only a part of language, but also one of the components creating traditional culture of a nation Through these expressions, we can learn more clearly and deeply about English people, their country as well as their culture According to Rod Ellis, one way to help foreign learners of English overcome their language related problems is to teach them formulaic and figurative expressions such as proverbs, idioms, metaphors, phrasal verbs etc which are a crucial part of natural language production (Rod Ellis, 2008) Therefore, color expressions are selected as the focus of this study because it is seen as specific characteristics of culture, and each color English expression has its own features It lies in the fact that, colors have taken an important role in the living and each color also has its own meaning Therefore, there have been a lot of studies involved in the meaning of colors expressions in order to know how to use them It is said that the “color terms” have been used to show differences in color of each language all over the world While we might readily expect differences for words relating to things in environment such as animal and plants, or for cultural system like governance or kinship terms, it might seem surprising that terms for colors should vary The investigation claims that languages vary in the number and When some unexpected bad news is received (nhận tin xấu) E.g.: It was a complete bolt from the blue for us, we had no idea that they were having problems, let alone getting divorced (5) Blue blood: Used to describe someone from a noble, aristocratic or wealthy family (Dòng dõi quí tộc) E.g.: Many of the blue bloods took a luxury trip to Qatar (6) Blue ribbon: To be of superior quality or distinction, the best of a group (Chất lượng tốt nhất) E.g.: A blue ribbon panel of experts were invited to investigate the extraordinary remains (7) Feel blue When someone looks or feels depressed or discontented (Buồn, chán nản) E.g.: I felt blue when I failed the entrance examination to University at the first time (8) Blue in the face: To try really hard to win someone’s agreement, but usually end unsuccessfully (Cố gắng không thành công) E.g.: I kept trying to convince him that it was a good idea until I was blue in the face, but he’s so stubborn, he just kept disagreeing with me (9) Once in a blue moon: To occur extremely rarely, or only once in a lifetime (rất khi, khi) E.g.: I am very busy, so I go to the movie once in a blue moon (10) Men/boys in blue: Used to describe the police, because of the color of their uniform (Cảnh sát) E.g.: The thief ran away as soon as he saw men in blue (11) Blue collar: Used to describe men as laborers, or factory workers E.g.: She got married to a blue collar two years ago I explained clearly and carefully the uses of the blue set expressions and asked students to learn by heart all of them After students had known the rules of the blue set expressions, I would give them another small exercise to check their understanding 55 Answer Questions 10 A B C D 189/306 (61.76%) 51/306 (16.67%) 173/306 (56.54%) 10/306 (3.27%) 45/306 (14.71%) 137/306 (44.77%) 159/306 (51.96%) 153/306 (50.00%) 77/306 (25.16%) 45/306 (14.71%) 15/306 (4.90%) 159/306 (51.96%) 71/306 (23.20%) 77/306 (25.16%) 41/306 (13.40%) 15/306 (4.90%) 31/306 (10.13%) 77/306 (25.16%) 133/306 (43.46%) 219/306 (71.57%) 101/306 (33.01%) 31/306 (10.13%) 21/306 (6.86%) 61/306 (19.93%) 1/306 (0.33%) 153/306 (50.00%) 51/306 (16.67%) 11/306 (3.59%) 61/306 (19.93%) 25/306 (8.17%) 1/306 (0.33%) 65/306 (21.24%) 41/306 (13.40%) 158/306 (51.63%) 219/306 (71.57%) 1/306 (0.33%) 65/306 (21.24%) 65/306 (21.24%) 35/306 (11.44%) 17/306 (5.56%) Table 4.4 The result of the survey The graph below shows the total result of the students after being taught carefully about the English blue set expressions 56 3.2 Common errors made by learners of English when using English BLUE set expressions in English and in Vietnamese 4.2.1 Common errors made by learners of English In general, students often make mistakes in grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary as they are depending too much on their mother tongue The linguistics distinguish between an error, made by a student who doesn’t yet know the correct rule, and a mistake, made by a student who knows the rule but momentarily forgets it, I’ll use mistake to cover both cases It makes intuitive sense that some mistakes are more likely to be made by speakers of certain languages One well-known example is that speakers of Slavic languages, such as Polish, often misses out articles (She bought new car) while speakers of Romance languages, such as Italian, occasionally drop in too many (I love the my sister) These kinds of mistakes reflect the nature of the students’ mother tongues 4.2.2 Causes of committing errors 57 Firstly, students are not provided enough the knowledge of the Blue color set expressions, they only understand very simple that “blue” is an adjective to show a kind of color E.g.: Blue sky, blue sea… Secondly, the blue color set expressions are not studied very carefully by many teachers, so the subject is not fully understood by a majority of teachers Finally, Color set expressions in general and blue color set expression in particular not play a very crucial role in teaching and learning English, therefore, both the teachers and learners not put many thoughts into it As a result, many exercises relating to the subject are not solved in a correct way 4.3 Suggestions for teaching and learning English BLUE set expressions in English and in Vietnamese Suggestions for teaching In language teaching, it’s essential to pay attention to the culture and history of a language as well as a country; because it can be clues leading us to present usage of expressions containing the word blue in particular and expressions in general Besides, teachers can encourage their students to exploit the meaning of the word “Blue” in different situations flexibly and effectively Any learners of foreign languages are affected by their mother tongue There is no exception to Vietnamese learners It is common for them to impose the use of their native language on that of the target language This eventually provokes interlingua errors Therefore, teachers’ duty is to point out all the similarities and differences between the two languages concerning the matter under discussion In other words, contrastive and comparative analysis of the language matter should be recommended This method makes it easy for teachers to diagnose as well as indicate errors committed by learners In order to help students to use English blue set expressions correctly, the teacher’s role is crucial in the process of improving students’abilities For teachers, the following suggestions would be helpful: 58 First of all, it would be suggested that teachers not only need to be aware of all basic English blue set expressions and know clearly how they are used, but they also have good knowledge about English and Vietnamese meanings and using in terms of syntactic and semantic structures Teachers should distinguish the English blue color set expressions to be in used in different contexts Secondly, teachers should be trained frequently to improve their techniques in teaching English blue color set expressions in particular and English set expressions in general Thirdly, while teaching, teachers should make a contrastive with Vietnamese The differences as well as the similarities pointed out in the study will, to some extent, help the teachers to predict those areas of English blue color set expressions which will cause a lot of difficulties for Vietnamese learners They may also help him to diagnose errors by pinpointing the sources of errors that have been committed by the learners when learning The contrastive analysis may provide the teachers with understanding of the nature of the mother tongue and the foreign language, therefore, it will enable him to find ways to deal with any problems raised by the nature of the differences and similarities and take account them when teaching Fourthly, as far as the problem of errors correction is concerned, it’s important for teachers to adopt a positive attitude towards students’ errors and its treatment The teacher should be a guide to help students overcome all these problems Finally, in order for students not to make mistakes in using it, teachers should remind their students to explain the word by accompanying with its contexts Suggestions for learning Obviously, in most situations, to learn a foreign language effectively, one should have good knowledge of the culture between two countries Therefore, learners should learn the similarities and differences between Vietnamese and English cultures by using words as well as their metaphorical and literal meanings 59 To this, it’s not easy and need a long time to practice every day One of the most effective ways is reading, from all kinds from poems to expressions, from professional books to stories talking about British and Vietnamese cultures As a matter of fact, the knowledge is kept and grown into a colorful treasure of expressions Particularly, the learners should consider the meaning of expressions containing the word blue in the contexts where it appears because the meaning of a word is not decided by itself In addition, each word possesses various meanings This may confuse the learners in choosing appropriate meaning 4.4 Summary Through the scope of the above analysis, we found that many of the differences and similarities in terms of syntactic and semantic features of the language and the culture of both English and Vietnamese Both languages are used the expressions containing blue to human subjects, mental states, politics, health, luck, nature, society; but each language has its own way to express ideas and implications by specific cultural characteristics of each country English and Vietnamese always focused on the attributes of the human personality and the world around them In the process of studying, we realize that blue color takes an important role in both English and Vietnamese 60 Chapter 5: CONCLUSION 5.1 Recapitulation There is nothing more wonderful than perceiving the world through expressions That is the reason why the subject English color expressions with reference to the Vietnamese equivalent are chosen in my thesis In my thesis, both English and Vietnamese expressions containing the word Blue are examined carefully to bring out the basic ideas and various views on syntactic and semantic features in order to find out the similarities and dissimilarities of them The rationale, aims and objectives of the study are presented in chapter One It is also in this chapter that the scope, the significance and structural organization of the thesis are found as an overall introduction to the research Chapter Two is the theories involved in this thesis under consideration which serves as the foundation of data analysis and findings discussion in this thesis Chapter Three is designed to describe the research-governing orientations Some research questions have been presented in this chapter Chapter Four deals with the common errors that teachers and students often make in terms of syntactic and semantic features of English and Vietnamese color expressions, especially blue color expressions In the time of completing the study, we have also discovered that most expressions contain two simultaneous meaning in terms of syntactic and semantic aspects at the same time, that is the literal meaning and figurative meaning As a sequence, the similarities and differences between ECEx and VCEx are unavoidable This caused by many reasons such as cultural factors, the traditional customs, or even the way of thinking; therefore, it is the crucial factor that make some English color expressions have no equivalence in Vietnamese or vice versa 5.2 Concluding remarks After completing the research thesis, the four given major objectives have been concentrated and shown as below: (i) Investigating syntactic and semantic features of ECEx, (ii) Finding out the similarities and differences between English 61 and Vietnamese expressions containing the word Blue in terms of syntactic and semantic features, (iii) Giving some errors that learners often make when using BLUE color expressions and (iv) Suggesting some possible implications for teaching and learning English expressions containing the word BLUE from English into Vietnamese effectively To help Vietnamese learners of English have a better understanding of the English color expressions in terms of syntactic and semantic features, this main aspect has been described and analyzed After regarding the comparison between ECEx and the Vietnamese equivalents, both similarities and differences have been found in terms of syntactic and semantic features Last but not least, some possible implications for teaching have been suggested, hopefully, it will be helpful for not only Vietnamese learners of English but also other ones in many areas or aspects 5.3 Limitations of the research Despite my considerable efforts, certain limitations could be detected in this study due to time and other unexpected factors; however, the study has been implemented under strict rules with serious work Hopefully, this study can make a contribution into the rich collection of other previous studies on the same areas Due to the limitation of my knowledge as well as the time of my research stops here, I expect that it will be profoundly analyzed more by following people whose are interested in expressions containing the word Blue 5.4 Suggestions for future research In this thesis, we have confined ourselves to the study of a humble part of semantic features of English expressions containing the word BLUE and the Vietnamese equivalents to find out their similarities and differences As a result, many other aspects need to be studied in further researches, for instance, the research of the color expressions may be carried out from cultural perspectives 62 REFERENCES In English Berlin and Paul Kay 1969 Basic color terms: their universality and evolution University of California Press Brown and Lenneberg 1954 A Study in Language and Cognition The Linguistic Society of America Carl G Jung 1964 Man and His Symbols University of California Press Charles W Kreidler 1998 Introducing English Semantic London: Routledge Fernando, C 1996 Idioms and Idiomaticity Oxford: Oxford University Press Fontana D 1994 Individual differences in personality: state-based versus trait based approaches Harvard University Press Goddard Angela 2002 The language of Advertising Psychology Press Hornby, A.S 2010 Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 8th edition, Oxford University Press Ireana Pieczulics 2010 Semantic analysis of English Long Longman University Press 10 Jackson, H and E Ze Amvela 2001 Words, meanings and Vocabulary: An introduction to modern English lexicology Longman University Press 11 John Isaeed.1997 Semantics The UK: Oxford University Press 12 John Lyons 1995.Linguistic Semantics: An Introduction Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press 13 Kramsch 2000 Second Language Acquisition Longman University Press 14 Lenneberg and Roberts 1953 The Denota of Color Terms The Linguistic Society of America 15 Linda and Roger Flavell 2005 Dictionary of Proverbs and Their Origins Psychology Press 16 Mazurova, V 2009 Color Terms in English Idioms University of Chicago Press 17 Makkai, Adam 1965 Idiom Structure in English Yale University Press 18 Michael McCarthy and Felicity O'Dell 2010 English idioms in use advanced Cambridge University Press 63 19 Mieder, W (1993), Proverbs are never out of Season Popular Wisdom in the Modern Age, Oxford University Press, New York 20 Mieder, W (2004), Proverbs: A Handbook, Greenwood Press, Westport, the United States of America 21 Mieder, W (2008), “Proverbs Speak Louder than Words”: Folk Wisdom in Art, Culture, Folklore, History, Literature, and Mass Media, Peter Lang Publishing Inc., New York 22 Morris, C.W 2003 Foundation of the theory of signs University of Chicago Press 23 Norrick, N.R (1985), Trends in Linguistics: How Proverbs Mean Semantics Studies in English Proverbs, Moulton Publisher, Amsterdam 24 Palmer F R 1965 A Linguistic Study of the English Verb London: Longman University Press 25 Plumacher 2007 Speaking of Colors and Odors John Benjamins 26 Rod Ellis 2008 The Study of Second Language Acquisition Oxford University Press 27 Simpson, J., Speake, J (1998), Oxford Concise Dictionary of Proverbs, Oxford University Press, Oxford 28 Wyler, S 1992 Color and Language: Color term in English Cambridge University Press In Vietnamese Bùi Phụng (2003), Thành ngữ Anh Việt, Nxb Văn Hóa, Hà Nội Bùi Phụng (2003), Từ điển thành ngữ tục ngữ tiếng Anh tường giải, Nxb Tp Hồ Chí Minh Chu Văn Liên (2009), Tục ngữ Anh-Việt chọn lọc: 1200 câu tục ngữ Anh-Việt, 600 câu tục ngữ Việt-Anh, Nhà xuất Phương Đông Đặng Hồng Chương (2007), Từ điển Thành ngữ tục ngữ Việt Nam, Nxb Văn Hóa, Hà Nội Hồng Tuyết Minh (2014), 523 Thành ngữ so sánh ngang Anh – Việt, NXB Giáo dục Việt Nam Nguyễn Lân (1989), Từ điển Thành ngữ Tục ngữ Việt Nam, NXB Văn Hóa Hà Nội Nguyễn Lực, Lương Văn Đang (1978), Thành ngữ tiếng Việt, Nxb Khoa học xã hội 64 Trần Thị Thu Huyền (2001), Hoa cỏ màu sắc thành ngữ tiếng Việt, Luận án phó tiến sĩ khoa học Ngữ văn, Đại học Sư Phạm Tp Hồ Chí Minh Trinh Thi Minh Huong (2009), Tính biểu trưng từ ngữ màu sắc tiếng Việt, Luận văn thạc sĩ Ngôn ngữ học, Đại học Sư Phạm Tp Hồ Chí Minh 10 Đặng Trần Cường 2001 Lectures on Lexicology Tủ sách Đại học Mở Hà Nội 11 Phạm Thị Kim Chuyên (2001) “ Green” tiếng Anh màu “xanh” ( cây) tiếng Việt 12 Nguyễn Thị Hòa (2016), Nghiên cứu đặc trưng ngữ nghĩa thành ngữ Tiếng Anh màu sắc liên hệ tương đương tiếng Việt, Đại học Mở Hà Nội 65 APPENDICES Blue color set expressions Questionnaires BLUE COLOR Blue blood: Dịng máu q tộc Blue in the face: Nói hết lời To feel blue: Cảm thấy buồn Once in a blue moon: Hiếm Out of the blue: Bất ngờ, A blue-collar worker: Những người lao động chân tay Blue-eyed boy: Đứa cưng A bolt from the blue: Sét đánh ngang tai Scream blue murder: Cật lực phản đối 10 To appear/ happen out of the blue: Xuất bất ngờ 11 To blue pencil something: Kiểm tra, kiểm duyệt 12 Between the devil and the deep blue sea: Tiến thoái lưỡng nan 13 Disappear into blue: Biến không để lại dấu vết 14 Drink till all’s blue: Uống say mềm, say bí tỉ 15 Give someone the blue: Làm cho buồn 16 A blue outlook: Phần mềm quản lí thơng tin cá nhân 17 Blue stocking: Người có học thức, trí tuệ uyên thâm 18 Blue-chip stock: Cổ phiếu blue chips 19 Black and blue: Thâm tím mẩy 20 Blue print: Thiết kế, lên kế hoạch 21 Green-on-blue: Cuộc cơng người lính 22: Blue state: Nhóm nhạc điện tử nước Anh 23: Blue law: Luật cấm lí tơn giáo 24: Blue ribbon; Huy chương danh dự 25 Men/boys in blue: Nhóm cảnh sát 26 Be in a blue funk: Buồn 66 27 Blue screen of death: Cái chết hình xanh ( máy tính) 28 Cuss a blue streak: Thề 29 Go into the wide blue yonder: Đi xa 30 Talk a blue streak: Nói nhiều nói nhanh 31 Come out of a clear blue sky: Bất 32 What in blue blazes: Ngạc nhiên 33 Blue study: Buồn 34 Burn with a low blue flame: Tức giận 35 Run around like a blue-arsedfly : Bận bịu công việc 36 Blue ground the gills: Xanh xao 37 Damn it to blue blazes: Trách móc 38 Turn the air blue: Nói thô lỗ 39 Blue tongue: Bệnh gia súc 40 Get the blue: Buồn 41 Blue study: Buồn 42 Bluebottle: Cơn trùng 43 Bluebell: Thực vật 44 Bluestone: Tịa nhà 45 Bluejacket: Nhân viên hải quan Exercises 1: Choose the word from the box to fill in the blank of the sentences from to 10 below: Feel blue Blue collar Blue sky Blue sea Men/boys in blue Blue blood Blue movie Blue music A blue- Blue pencil eyed Blue in the face Out of blue boy (to) blue Bluing Blues Blued Blue ribbon Once in a blue moon My sister is working in Africa; she hardly ever has the time to call us My parents only hear from her…………… They are ………………their clothes 67 I saw the…………….outside our neighbor’s house last night I hope everything is OK They got rid of a lot of the………… during the recession I would say they definitely suffered the most I kept trying to convince him that it’s a good idea until I was….…., but he’s so stubborn, he just kept disagreeing with me What’s the matter with you today? You seem to…… Is there something you’d like to talk about? He wants to……………… his shirt What kind of music you like? Of all the kinds of music, I like………….the most Many of the…………… in our town were invited to the royal wedding 10 I like the color of the…… whenever I have a chance to go to the beach Exercise 2: Choose the best answer to the following sentences: They like working as a……… A blue collar B once in a blue moon C bluing 2.……came just in time the robber ran away D men/boys in blue A blue B men/boys in blue C blue-blood D out of the blue The girl ……… when she couldn’t take part in the games A felt blue B blue in the face C blue pencil D blue blood The sky today is ………… A Blues B bluing 5……… work in the factory A Blue in the face B men/Boys in blue C blued D blue C Feel blue D Blue collars The woman is……………the shirt for her child A To blue B blues C bluing D blue My brother like…………and he often listens to it whenever he is free A blue music B blue sky C blue sea D blue jeans The boy lived very far from his hometown so he visited it……… A once in a blue moon B feel blue C blue in the face D blue collar He arrived……… so that everybody was very surprised A blue-eyed boy B out of the blue C blue pencil 10 Many of the……….were invited to the royal wedding 68 D blue blood A blue collars B blue blood C once in a blue moon D blue ribbon The exercise is as follow: Exercise Put the words from the box into the sentences Feel blue Blue collar Blue sky Blue blood Blue movie Blue music (to) blue Bluing Blues Men/boys in blue Blue in the face A blueeyed boy Blue pencil Out of blue Blued Blue ribbon Once in a blue Blue sea moon My sister is working in Africa; she hardly ever has the time to call us My parents only hear from her…………… They are ………………their clothes I saw the……… … outside our neighbor’s house last night I hope everything is OK They got rid of a lot of the………… during the recession I would say they definitely suffered the most I kept trying to convince him that it’s a good idea until I was….…., but he’s so stubborn, he just kept disagreeing with me What’s the matter with you today? You seem to…… Is there something you’d like to talk about? He wants to……………… his shirt What kind of music you like? Of all the kinds of music, I like………….the most Many of the…………… in our town were invited to the royal wedding 10 I like the color of the…………… whenever I have a chance to go to the beach 69 ... the data has been collected and analyzed in a careful consideration with the combination of contrastive analysis in qualitative and quantitative approaches, which are used in the arguments and. .. therefore, language is considered as an essential and vital part of culture and they have an interactional relationship, cannot make a separation, as Kramsch (2000) posited that: “language is the principle... syntactic and semantic features - Make some suggested applications for teaching and learning English expressions containing the word BLUE 1.3 Research questions - What are the syntactic and semantic