A study on structural features of noun phrases in “pride and prejudice” by jane austen in reference to equivalents in the vietnamese translation version

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY M.A THESIS A STUDY ON STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF NOUN PHRASES IN “PRIDE AND PREJUDICE” BY JANE AUSTEN IN REFERENCES TO EQUVALENTS IN THE VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION VERSION (NGHIÊN CỨU VỂ CÁC ĐẶC ĐIỂM CẤU TRÚC CỦA CỤM DANH TỪ TRONG “KIÊU HÃNH VÀ ĐỊNH KIẾN” CỦA JANE AUSTEN VÀ SO SÁNH VỚI BẢN DỊCH TIẾNG VIỆT) NGUYỄN MINH HIỀN Field: English Language Code: 60220201 Hanoi, 2017 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY M.A THESIS A STUDY ON STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF NOUN PHRASES IN “PRIDE AND PREJUDICE” BY JANE AUSTEN IN REFERENCE TO EQUIVALENTS IN THE VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION VERSION (NGHIÊN CỨU VỂ CÁC ĐẶC ĐIỂM CẤU TRÚC CỦA CỤM DANH TỪ TRONG “KIÊU HÃNH VÀ ĐỊNH KIẾN” CỦA JANE AUSTEN VÀ SO SÁNH VỚI BẢN DỊCH TIẾNG VIỆT) NGUYỄN MINH HIỀN Field: English Language Code: 60220201 Supervisor: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hương, Ph.D Hanoi, 2017 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I, the undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled A STUDY ON STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF NOUN PHRASES IN “PRIDE AND PREJUDICE” BY JANE AUSTEN IN REFERENCE TO EQUIVALENTS IN THE VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION VERSION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in English Language Except where the reference is indicated, no other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the text of the thesis Hanoi, 2018 Nguyễn Minh Hiền Approved by SUPERVISOR (Signature and full name) Date:…………………… ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the possibility to complete this thesis A special gratitude I give to my supervisor, Dr Nguyễn Thị Thu Hương for valuable and constructive guidelines during the planning as well as the development of this research work Furthermore, I would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of my teachers at Hanoi Open University, whose contribution in stimulating suggestions and encouragement A special thank goes to my family and friends, whose encouragement and support have made the completion of my thesis Last but not least, many thanks go to teachers and students of Trade Union University, who helped me in the survey questionaires I appreciate the guidance given by other supervisors ABSTRACT This study aims at pointing out the differences and the similarities between noun phrases in Vietnamese and English and then analyzing noun phrases from some selected chapters of “Pride and Prejudice” by Jane Austen and their equivalents in the translated version The results of the study suggest some common rules in translating noun phrases from English to Vietnamese and some implications on the work of translating They also recommend numbers of things for readers to consider in their choice of a good translation Keywords: noun phrases, structure, feature, translation, Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aims and objectives of the study 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Methods of study 1.5 Scope of study 1.6 Significance of the study 1.7 Design of the study CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Previous studies 2.2 Overview of phrases 2.2.1 Definition of phrases 2.2.2 Classification of phrases 2.3 Overview of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese 2.3.1 Noun phrases in English 2.3.2 Noun phrases in Vietnamese 10 2.5 Translation theory 12 2.5.1 Definition of translation 12 2.5.2 Translation of fiction 12 2.5.3 Equivalence and types of equivalence 13 2.6 Overview of the novel and author 15 2.6.1 About the author 15 2.6.2 About the work 15 CHAPTER 3: FINDING AND DISCUSSION 17 3.1 The structural features of noun phrases in “Pride and Prejudice” by Jane Austen 17 3.1.1 The pre-modifications 17 3.1.2 The head 20 3.1.3 The post-modifications 20 Multiple embeddings 23 3.2 Vietnamese equivalents of noun phrases in “Pride and prejudice” in the translation version 24 3.2.1 In terms of pre-modifications 24 3.2.2 In terms of the heads 28 3.2.3 In terms of post-modifications 31 3.4 Summary 38 CHAPTER 4: SUGGESTIONS IN TRANSLATING ENGLISH NOUN PHRASES IN “PRIDE AND PREJUDICE” BY JANE AUSTEN INTO VIETNAMESE 39 4.1 Survey questionaires 39 4.1.1 Subjects 39 4.1.2 Questionnaires 39 4.1.3 Procedure 41 4.2 Common errors made by learners of English when translating noun phrases in “Pride and Prejudice” by Jane Austen into Vietnamese 42 4.3 Causes of errors 47 4.4 Suggestions for teaching and learning translating noun phrases into Vietnamese 49 4.5 Summary 50 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 51 5.1 Concluding remarks 51 5.2 Limitation of the study 51 5.3 Suggestions for further study 52 REFERENCES 53 APPENDIX 55 Appendix Student worksheet 55 Appendix Answer key for student worksheet: 57 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale During the past two or three decades, developments in the fields of transformational grammar, general and contrastive linguistics, semantics, information theory, anthropology, semiotics, psychology, and discourse analysis etc have exerted great influence on general translation theory, enabling the discipline to broaden the areas of investigation and to offer fresh insights into the concept of correspondence on transference between linguistic and cultural systems The traditionally much debated separation between literal and free translation has been replaced by various linguistically informed modern distinctions, like “formal” versus “dynamic” correspondence, or “semantic” versus “communicative” translation In general, more attention has been paid to the translation process and greater emphasis placed on “equal response” of the target language reader Such new perspectives on theoretical front as well as the fairly extensive developments in specific inter-lingual contrastive studies have promoted considerably the understanding and mastery of the nature and skill of translation However, these are seen to be insufficient when it comes to translation of fiction The literary translation process is quite complex as it requires translators to put a lot of thoughts on a variety of aspects beyond the materials to be translated The materials are not only written in different languages, but they also represent different cultures, differ greatly in terms of linguistic, literary and culturalsocial conventions For this reason, the author concerns a good deal with the translation of literary works A fundamental shift in linguistic research from focusing on forms to exploring both forms and functions has been seen in recent years by linguistics When it comes to syntactic analysis, noun phrases are considered to be common cross-linguistically, which may result in the fact that they seem to earn the place of the most frequently occurring phrase type One of the most worldwide famous literature masterpieces, “Pride and Prejudice” by Jane Austen, long lives with readers not only because of the excellent plot The considerable attention to the linguistics of the timeless novel has always been paid by scholars across the nations One of the most loved linguistic aspects debated is the abundance of noun phrases exploited in this work of art As a consequence, loads of researches have been conducted to make an analysis of the aforementioned topic Boasting the vivid and superb language, “Pride and Prejudice” earns a huge popularity in Vietnam and the work Since its introduction, the translation version by Diep Minh Tam has gained noticeable success in winning the hearts of the keen readers The author would like to conduct a study to explore the use of noun phrases in the novel and also an analysis of their Vietnamese equivalents in the Vietnamese translation version to examine the way to express the equivalents of noun phrases in this art in Vietnamese and suggest some solutions to deal with the difficulties in translating noun phrases into Vietnamese 1.2 Aims and objectives of the study The study aims at describing structural features of noun phrases in “Pride and Prejudice” by Jane Austen in reference to the Vietnamese translation version by Diep Minh Tam in order to suggest some solutions in translating English noun phrases into Vietnamese From this above aim, the study is planned to: - Describe the structural features of noun phrases in “Pride and Prejudice” by Jane Austen - Find out the way to express the Vietnamese equivalents of noun phrases in “Pride and Prejudice” by Jane Austen in the translation version by Diep Minh Tam in terms of structure - Suggest some recommendations for students in translating noun phrases into Vietnamese 1.3 Research questions The research questions, therefore, are posed as follows: (1) What are the structural features of noun phrases in “Pride and Prejudice” by Jane Austen? (2) What are the ways to express the Vietnamese equivalents of noun phrases in “Pride and Prejudice” by Jane Austen in the translation version by Diep Minh Tam in terms of structure? (3) What are the recommendations for learners in translating noun phrases into Vietnamese? 1.4 Methods of study As the research is undertaken with the aim of investigating the noun phrases in the novel, the descriptive and contrastive analysis with the qualitative data will be employed Particularly, English noun phrases in the novel and the Vietnamese equivalents in the translation version by Diep Minh Tam are put into comparison in terms of structure In this way, the use of noun phrases in this work will be extensively investigated while the Vietnamese equivalents are correspondingly reviewed Moreover, the survey questionnaires will be conducted within students to find out the difficulties of students when translating noun phrases in the novel into Vietnamese 1.5 Scope of study “Pride and Prejudice” by Jane Austen was first published in 1813, and was latter translated into many languages “Pride and Prejudice” was translation into the target language by Diep Minh Tam, a member of Vietnamese writer associations and introduced to Vietnamese readers by Vuong Tri Nhan The translation version, which is about 600 pages thick, was published in 2010 by the publishing house of Vietnamese writer associations The task of examining every nominal group in the original version would be considered infeasible due to the big number of the chapters in the literary work compared to the small scale of the research Therefore, the study is restricted to describe, analyse and contrast the structural features of noun phrases in some selected chapters of the novel The chosen ones would be Chapter 1, Chapter 3, Chapter 4, Chapter 6, Chapter 7, Chapter 8, Chapter 10, Chapter 11, Chapter 33, and Chapter 34 It would appear to be a question of curiosity to readers why the data selection would come from these chapters While keen readers of this incomparable novel would observe the very popularity of noun phrases throughout the whole novel, the most primary and influential ones which make a generous contribution to the success of the work by depicting the settings as well as visualizing the characters are seen here in the chapters Also, the focus of the study would be to the noun phrases which are believed to be complicated in structures and worth analyzing as well as debating It would, therefore, account for the fact that the data would be 100 noun phrases scattered in the novel 1.6 Significance of the study The study hopes to provide an insight of the so-call popular English phenomenon – Noun phrases in the novel that have over-one-hundred-year existence and numerous keen readers, therefore, contributing to the theories of semantic features of noun phrases in general The findings of this study will redound to the benefit of society considering that translation plays an important role in language teaching and learning today The greater demand of graduates with good quality of translation justifies the need for more effective teaching translation tips approach The study contributes as a material for teachers and students in teaching and practicing translation 1.7 Design of the study The study is designed into chapters Chapter 1is Introduction of the study The author would like to give an overview of the study, including Rationale, Aims and Objectives of the study, Research questions, Methods of the study, Scope of the study and significance of the study Chapter is literature review In this chapter, the previous studies related to the thesis, the theoretical background and the theoretical framework will be provided Chapter is the findings The chapter investigates noun phrases in the novel and makes a contrastive analysis to the translation version (sentence 15) Charles writes in the most careless way imaginable Charles viết theo cách Charles viết theo cách bất cẩn tưởng cẩu thả mà người ta tượng tưởng tượng (sentence 18) Do you think that any consideration would tempt me to accept the man who has been the means of ruining, perhaps for ever, the hapiness of a most beloved sister? Anh có nghĩ xem xét cám dỗ tơi chấp nhận người đàn ông mà phương tiện hủy hoại, có lẽ mãi, hạnh phúc người chị gái yêu thương nhất? (sentence 7) I scarely know anyone who cannot all this Tơi thấy mà Tơi thấy không thể làm tất làm việc việc (sentence 23) Elizabeth ran up to her sister, attented her into the drawing-room, where she was welcomed by her two friends with many professions of pleasure Elizabeth chạy đến với chị mình, đưa phịng khách, nơi mà chào đón hai người bạn với nhiều niềm vui (sentence 25) Jane, who had only been withheld by the fear of giving alarm or inconvenience, was delighted at her entrance Jane, người bị giấu Mọi người giấu việc sợ gây hoảng sợ hay Jane ngã bệnh sợ gây phiền hà, thực vui hoảng hốt hay phiền hà, mừng thấy cô bước Jane thực vui mừng thấy bước vào Liệu anh có cho suy xét dẫn dụ chấp nhận người có ý đồ hủy hoại, có lẽ cuối đời, hạnh phúc người chị mà thương yêu hay sao? Elizabeth chạy lên phịng chị mình, đưa phịng khách Hai người phụ nữ chủ nhà đón tiếp họ với lời bày tỏ niềm vui 4.2.2 Misordering errors Source language text Students’ translation Translator’s 45 translation version version (sentence 14) The two youngest of the family, Catherine and Lydia, were particularly frequent in these attentions Catherine Lydia, hai Hai cô gái nhỏ người gái nhỏ nhà Bennet, gia đình, thường Catherine Lydia xuyên thường có chuyến (sentence 13) She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper Bà người phụ Bà có tính cảm thơng nữ hiểu biết, thiếu hẹp hịi, kiến thức cảm thơng, tính khí nghèo nàn tính khí thất thường vơ chừng (sentence 21) Mr Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humor, reserve and caprice,… Ông Bennet pha Cá tính ơng Bennet trộn kỳ lạ cá tính láu pha trộn láu lỉnh, dè dặt, thất thường lỉnh, trào phúng châm châm biếm biếm, dè dặt, thất thường The errors stay on the order of words Some students may think that it is not necessary to comply with the order of noun, adjective in a noun phrase, but certainly it is For instance, in example (sentence 21), the translation version of students let “Catherine and Lydia” in front of “The two youngest of the family” which maybe change the intentional meaning of the source language 4.2.3 Word choice errors Source language text Students’ version translation Translator’s version translation (sentence 6) I have an excessive regard for Miss Jane Bennet, she is a very sweet girl… Tôi quan tâm mức Tôi mến Jane Bennet tới cô Jane Bennet, cô hết mực, cô ta người cô gái vô gái dịu dàng… ngào… (sentence 10) I never in my life saw anything more elegant than their Tôi chưa thấy Trong đời tơi chưa đời điều lịch thấy trang phục trang phục họ lịch loại 46 cô mặc dress (sentence 17) Young lady of her age are sometimes a little difficult to manage, and if she has the true Darcy spirit, she may like to have her own way Phụ nữ trẻ độ tuổi cô có chút khó quản lý, có tinh thần nhà Darcy thực sự, thích làm theo ý (sentence 19) There is something more wrong and reprehensible, according to his ideas of rights… Có điều sai trái Cơ có sai trái hay đáng trách hơn, theo ý đáng trách hơn, theo kiến anh ý tưởng anh cách cư xử (sentence 24) They could talk of nothing but officers, and Mr.Bingley’s large fortune, the mention of which gave animation to their mother, was worthless in their eyes Họ không nói ngồi sỹ quan, gia tài khổng lồ anh Bingley, nhắc đến gây hoạt hình cho bà mẹ, lại vơ giá trị mắt cô gái Những thiếu nữ tuổi cô có đơi lúc khó quản lý, nên thực có tính khí nhà Darcy, muốn làm theo ý Họ nói sỹ quan Gia tài lớn lao Bingley, vốn gây nhiều phấn khích cho bà mẹ nghe nói đến, trở thành vô nghĩa mắt cô gái nhỏ Word choice errors are also the errors that students have made the most A word has many meanings according to different contexts In those above examples, the wrong choices of equivalent words effected or change the meaning of original text For instance, in example 1, student transfer the noun phrase “an excessive regard” into “quan tâm thái quá” which have negative meanings, however, the true idea of Jane Austen (according to translator Diep Minh Tam) is “mến hết mực” which contain a positive meaning Another example is number In 5, “his idea of right” is translated into “ý kiến đúng” which is supposed to be correct, but in context of the novel, it should be more like “những ý tưởng anh cách cư xử” Other examples are the same 4.3 Causes of errors Errors in translation can be avoided as long as students are aware of the potential traps they may get caught in and know strategies to overcome these pitfalls 47 But prior to this, it is strongly recommended that all students identify the main causes of error translation To help translation learners have a clearer view of the major causes of unnaturalness in translation, this thesis classifies them into the following categories First and foremost, the primary reason of a poor translation must be the insufficiency of the translator’s language competence The incompetence may be of Vietnamese, the target language in English – Vietnamese translation, and/ or of English, the source language Before being a translator, one must be a good writer It is to say that he can use his mother tongue effectively to express the ideas Vietnamese is known for its sophisticated grammatical rules on which not all Vietnamese people hold appropriate knowledge The fact has it that only a few Vietnamese translators excel at their own mother tongue, let alone students who are still learning to become translators Language incompetence can be observed in two broad areas: the vocabulary and the grammatical structures Insufficient knowledge on either of the two areas may lead to translations of poor quality Noticeably, many would-be translators learning at university nowadays not know a remarkably large number of old Vietnamese words often use in formal documents This causes limitations in their practice of translation, especially when the text strictly requires proper writing style, especially the ancient novel like “Pride and Prejudice” Some unskilled translators tend to use one neutral word to translate all words of similar meaning in English for they are unwilling to improve their Vietnamese vocabulary They not have in mind that academic English should be translated into academic Vietnamese and vice versa Another cause lays on linguistic differences between English and Vietnamese The English language, and the Vietnamese language belong to different language familes Therefore, the two languages have differences in terms of vocabulary and grammatical rules English grammar is very inflexible compared to other languages English goes by very strict structures while the Vietnamese language is much more flexible Some English vocabulary is peculiar A word in English may mean a lot of other words in Vietnamese For example, you may translate the word “problem” as “vấn đề”, “vấn nạn”, “tệ nạn”, “khó khăn”, “trở ngại”, “trục trặc”, “biến chứng”, “thắc mắc”, “lỗi”, etc depending on the context Moreover, English tends to use noun phrases, whereas Vietnamese language prefer verbs or adjectives This is problematic for translators who cannot as easily convert nouns to verbs Furthermore, the cause of translation errors lays on the cultural differences Translation is not simply a linguistic transformation of texts, but it is also a rendering 48 of cultural concepts from one language to another Asian culture in general and Vietnamese culture in particular has few things in common with Western and American culture Unless a translator is capable of breaking through “decayed barriers” of his own culture and opening his mind to new and sometimes alien concepts, his translation cannot be considered successful and natural Some students mechanically have used word-by-word translation and depended largely on the meaning of words in dictionaries They also picked out the synonyms without paying much to the context In reality, the pairs of synonyms just share at least one sense in common but not the same all their senses Therefore, the students must recognize that a word is only suitable in some certain cases and in these cases other words can not be used appropriately although they have near meanings In other words, to some extent, they are able to hardly substitute for each other and most of the synonyms just have the same meaning in certain context For those reason, if the students use synonyms without basing on the context, they can make their translation funny and nonsense Their weaknesses about background knowledge and the mother tongue are also the difficulties in choosing suitable and appropriate words for Vietnamese-English translating Besides the causes above, one of the reasons which cause the problems is that most of the students spent little time on self-study and did not seriously focus on studying translation subject To conclude, it is noteworthy that despite the many challenges when translating from English to Vietnamese and despite the actual untranslatability, be it linguistic or cultural, skilled translators still can, and must, find their own ways to overcome them to produce a high-quality re-creation, not merely a rough combination of words 4.4 Suggestions for teaching and learning translating noun phrases into Vietnamese It is easy to learn English, but it is difficult to master it The more you learn, the more complicated you find English is Almost all English – Vietnamese translators are native Vietnamese or overseas Vietnamese; therefore, it is difficult for them to have an expert-like English vocabulary as well as grammatical structures Some people think that lack of English language competence is justifiable for Vietnamese translators because it is not their mother tongue To my mind, this is a totally erroneous opinion To better the quality of translation, translators must master both the source and the target languages In other words, before being a translator, a person must first and foremost be a bilingual Finally, it is critical to understand that the sufficiency in both languages is not enough for a translator He needs to flexibly compare and contrast, be aware of the differences between the two languages so that he can easily find an equivalent whenever necessary or at least know how to make himself understood when 49 encountering untranslatable concepts The art of translation requires a lot more than proficiency in languages This may explain why bilingual people are not always good translators One of the other crucial criteria is the cultural background, without which the translation would be unnatural It is crucial that translators also pay much attention to their own culture, the Vietnamese culture Delving deeper into this colourful culture we will see that it is not easy to be an expert in various Vietnamese social and cultural aspects At school and university, Vietnamese students are taught about this but the knowledge they acquire, without their own efforts to explore new things, is obviously inadequate The press has talked much about Vietnamese students’ unawareness of Vietnamese culture and history This may lead to not only unnaturalness in translation but possibly also a total failure in rendering the idea In fact, this includes competent knowledge on almost all aspects, such as religions, traditional customs, social norms, and historical awareness This kind of combined knowledge can be gained along with the process of learning English and learning translation Nevertheless, only a few learners are aware of this As a result, in universities teaching English and translation in Vietnam today, students know just a little about the English-speaking countries’ cultures So, it is important for students and teachers to find out more information of English culture, maybe organize some courses when students can participate 4.5 Summary Translation error analysis is very important to the learning and teaching translation This part has made the survey on translating noun phrases of some common phrases in “Pride and Prejudice” by Jane Austen and and got some valuable results, which contributed to translation learning and teaching 50 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 5.1 Concluding remarks This thesis is concerned with only the third process In the course of this thesis, I have examined the previous literature on the noun phrases in English and Vietnamese, the comparison of the two kinds and a brief overview of translation theory Then I looked at the structural features of noun phrases in “Pride and Prejudice” by Jane Austen and their Vietnamese equivalents (according to Diep Minh Tam’s translation version) in detail Finally, I make a survey questionaires of translating some noun phrases of the novel to analyze translation errors of students, their causes and cures The overview of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese was discussed in Chapter can provide basic structural features of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese, as well as common concepts related to translation theory Specific examples are taken from reliable sources In Chapter 3, the structural features of noun phrases in “Pride and Prejudice” by Jane Austen and their Vietnamese equivalents are mentioned, analysed and compared They are also divided into types: premodifications, heads and postmodification This is to help readers easily found out the differences between the original and the translation version Chapter of this thesis discusses the suggestions in translating English noun phrases in the novel into Vietnamese The techniques are survey questionaire, error analysis and summary Some of errors are emphasized for they are likely to help tobe translators much in their professional practice By the classification and examples cited, I attempted to help readers of this thesis, especially would-be translators and inexperienced ones to be fully aware of what mistakes they may easily make before seeking ways to avoid them 5.2 Limitation of the study Though there have been many books on English –Vietnamese translation so far, few of them emphasize the translation errors of noun phrases occurring during the process of translation This thesis, however, discusses in detail this phenomenon with relevant examples It is organized in a way that helps readers find it easy to get the general ideas about the issue In this thesis, people can find clear definitions and constructive suggestions for each type of errors These are factors that may make the thesis stand out from other studies also touching on the issue Furthermore, the author 51 limited the types of mistakes mentioned to ensure they are popular ones that wouldbe translators should pay the most attention to Finally, The aims and scope of the thesis is consistent from the beginning to the end Nevertheless, there are some limitations in this study that may affect the final results Due to the limited time of research and the broad scope it is concerned with, issues mentioned are still somewhat general Moreover, examples cited are limited to one and only novel and some books and articles sparsely collected This does not cause any bias because the classification was carried out independently But to some extent it may not be very diverse 5.3 Suggestions for further study In the time to come, Vietnam will further integrate into the world economy and culture This progress requires translations of high quality, especially from English to Vietnamese and vice versa Thus, more studies should be carried out on other phrases (verb phrase or adjective phrase) to identify and how to cope with common mistakes in these translations Besides, studies on what can be called a pure Vietnamese language and how to maintain it through the processes of translation should be implemented These studies a r e supposed to bring readers an overview of the contemporary situation of Vietnamese translated works, its strengths and limitations, and how to improve it Digging into current publications to find common pitfalls that may harm the quality of translations is recommended Research should touch upon translation of all writing styles, be it literary, journalistic, or official In conclusion, I want to significantly contribute to the study of English – Vietnamese translations in universities and on the media through this thesis In my opinion, it can be considered a companion of all people who are seeking to improve their English – Vietnamese translation skills as well as the quality of their translations Hopefully, readers of this thesis can find it useful in their future work and study or at least see it as a reference worth looking at 52 REFERENCES Austen, J (1990) Pride and Prejudice Oxford University Press Ban, D.Q (2005) Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Việt Publishing House of Education Bc Andrea RYŠAVÁ (2012) Noun Phrase in English: Its Form, Function and Distribution in Text, Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Palackého v Olomouci, Czech Roger T Bell (1991), Translation and Translating (1st Edition, Second Impression), Longman Bloom, H (2007) Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice Infobase Publishing Can, N.T (1996) Ngữ pháp Việt Nam Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội Catford, J.C (1967) A linguistic Theory of Translation, Oxford: OUP Crystal, D (1987) The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language Cambridge: Cambridge University Press George Augustus Gerard Cumming (1971) M.A Thesis: A comparison of the modified nominal phrases in English and French, , Simon Praser University 10 Hartmann, R.R.K., and F.C Stork.(1972).Dictionary of language and linguistics London: Applied Science 11 Larson, Mildred L 1998 Meaning-based translation: A guide to crosslanguage equivalence Lanham, MD: University Press of America and Summer Institute of Linguistics 12 Leech, G & Short, M., 1981 Style in Fiction Longman Group Limited 13 Ngoc, L.T.T (2009) M.A Thesis: English and Vietnamese Noun phrase: A contrastive analysis, University of Education 14 Lan, L.P (2006) Unnaturalness in English- Vietnamese translation: Cause and cures, Hanoi Univerisity of Forgein studies 15 Phung, N.K (2009) M.A Thesis: The structure of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese, University of Education 16 Quirk, R.; Greenbaum, S., (1973) A University Grammar of English London: Longman 17 Jakobson, R (1959), On Linguistic Aspects of Translation, L Venuti (ed.) 18 Tam, D.M (2003) Kiêu Hãnh Định Kiến Vietnam Writer Association 53 19 Van, H.V (1998) Một số vấn đề có liên quan đến việc dịch cụm danh từ tiếng Anh sang tiếng Việt Nội san Ngoại Ngữ số -1998 Đại Học Ngoại Ngữ - Đại Học Quốc Gia Hà Nội 20 Yongfang Hu, The Sociosemiotic Approach and Translation of Fiction 54 APPENDIX Appendix Student worksheet No.:…………… Translate those sentences (of Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen) into Vietnamese: (students pay attention to the the underlined noun phrases) He (Mr Bingley) had entertained hopes of being admitted to a sight of the young ladies, of whose beauty he had heard much (Chapter 3) Darcy, on the contrary, had seen a collection of people in whom there was little beauty and no fashion, for none of whom he had felt the smallest interest, and from none received either attention or pleasure (Chapter 4) She was still very poorly, and Elizabeth would not quit her at all, till late in the evening, when she had the comfort of seeing her sleep, (Chapter 8) There was a mixture of sweetness and archeness in her manner which made it difficult for her to affront anybody (Chapter 10) He is the proudest, most disagreeable man in the world (Chapter 3) I have an excessive regard for Miss Jane Bennet, she is a very sweet girl… (chapter 8) I scarely know anyone who cannot all this (Chapter 8) …Her great anxiety for the recovery of her dear friend Jane received some assisstance from her desire of getting rid of Elizabeth (chapter 10) Our habits of expense make us too dependent, and there are not many rank of life who can afford marry without some attention of money (Chapter 33) 10 I never in my life saw anything more elegant than their dress (Chapter 3) 11 He is just what a young man ought to be (Chapter 4) 12 His sisters were anxious for his having an estate of his own (Chapter 4) 13 She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper (chapter 1) 14 The two youngest of the family, Catherine and Lydia, were particularly frequent in these attentions (chapter 7) 15 Charles writes in the most careless way imaginable (chapter 10) 16 In a hurried manner, he immediately began an inquiry after her health, imputing his visit to a wish of hearing that she were better (chapter 34) 17 Young lady of her age are sometimes a little difficult to manage, and if she 55 has the true Darcy spirit, she may like to have her own way (chapter 33) 18 Do you think that any consideration would tempt me to accept the man who has been the means of ruining, perhaps for ever, the hapiness of a most beloved sister? (Chapter 34) 19 There is something more wrong and reprehensible, according to his ideas of rights… (Chapter 10) 20 She hardly know how to suppose that she could be an object of admiration to so great a man (Chapter 10) 21 Mr Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humor, reserve and caprice,… (chapter 1) 22 Her sister had not the smallest objection (chapter 11) 23 Elizabeth ran up to her sister, attented her into the drawing-room, where she was welcomed by her two friends with many professions of pleasure (chapter 11) 24 They could talk of nothing but officers, and Mr.Bingley’s large fortune, the mention of which gave animation to their mother, was worthless in their eyes (Chapter 7) 25 Jane, who had only been withheld by the fear of giving alarm or inconvenience from expressing in her note how much she longed for such a visit, was delighted at her entrance (chapter 7) 56 Appendix Answer key for student worksheet: Anh hy vọng gặp cô gái, mà anh nghe người khác ca ngợi vẻ đẹp cô Riêng Darcy, anh thấy đám người khơng có dáng vẻ đặc biệt anh chẳng ý đến cả, chẳng ý đến Jane cịn yếu Elizabeth khơng chịu rời xa cô Mãi khuya, cô thấy chị thiếp ngủ Tính cách pha trộn ngột dịu hóm hỉnh, khiến cho khó đối đầu với Trên gian này, có lẽ anh người khó chịu nhất, tự cao nhất… Tôi mến Jane Bennet hết mực, cô ta người gái dịu dàng… Tơi thấy làm việc Cô sốt ruột mong muốn Jane bình phục, lại thêm mong muốn tống khứ Elizabeth Thói quen chi tiêu khiến bị lệ thuộc nhiều, khơng có người tầng lớp tơi cưới hỏi mà khơng phải bận tâm đến tiền bạc 10 Trong đời chưa thấy trang phục lịch loại cô mặc 11 Thanh niên phải anh 12 Các chị em chàng tha thiết muốn chàng mua bất động sản cho riêng 13 Bà có tính cảm thơng hẹp hịi, kiến thức nghèo nàn tính khí vơ chừng 14 Hai gái nhỏ nhà Bennet, Catherine Lydia thường có chuyến 15 Charles viết theo cách cẩu thả mà người ta tưởng tượng 16 Anh vội hỏi han sức khỏe cô, tỏ ý muốn đến thăm để mong biết cô có lên chưa 17 Những thiếu nữ tuổi có đơi lúc khó quản lý, nên thực có tính khí nhà Darcy, muốn làm theo ý 18 Liệu anh có cho suy xét dẫn dụ chấp nhận người có ý đồ hủy hoại, có lẽ cuối đời, hạnh phúc người chị mà thương u hay sao? 19 Cơ có sai trái hay đáng trách hơn, theo ý tưởng anh cách cư xử 20 Cơ khơng dám nghĩ đối tượng người thuộc tầng lớp 57 thượng lưu anh cảm mến 21 Cá tính ơng Bennet pha trộn láu lỉnh, trào phúng châm biếm, dè dặt, thất thường 22 Bà chị không phản đối 23 Elizabeth chạy lên phịng chị mình, đưa phịng khách Hai người phụ nữ chủ nhà đón tiếp họ với lời bày tỏ niềm vui 24 Họ nói sỹ quan Gia tài lớn lao Bingley, vốn gây nhiều phấn khích cho bà mẹ nghe nói đến, trở thành vơ nghĩa mắt cô gái nhỏ 25 Mọi người giấu việc Jane ngã bệnh sợ gây hoảng hốt hay phiền hà Jane thực vui mừng thấy cô bước vào 58 ...MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY M .A THESIS A STUDY ON STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF NOUN PHRASES IN “PRIDE AND PREJUDICE” BY JANE AUSTEN IN REFERENCE TO EQUIVALENTS IN THE VIETNAMESE. .. novel and also an analysis of their Vietnamese equivalents in the Vietnamese translation version to examine the way to express the equivalents of noun phrases in this art in Vietnamese and suggest... What are the ways to express the Vietnamese equivalents of noun phrases in “Pride and Prejudice” by Jane Austen in the translation version by Diep Minh Tam in terms of structure? (3) What are the