PHẦN II TỪ LOẠI TRONG TIẾNGANH (Danh từ, động từ, tính từ, trạng từ) DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT CÁC TỪ LOẠI THƠNG QUA VỊ TRÍ 1.1 Cách nhận biết danh từ Là chủ ngữ câu (thường đứng đầu câu, sau trạng ngữ thời gian) Eg: Maths is the subject I like best Sau tính từ tính từ sở hữu (my, your, our, their, his, her, its, good, beautiful….): adj + N Eg: She is a good teacher Adj N Làm tân ngữ, sau động từ Eg: I like English V N Sau “enough” Eg: He didn’t have enough money to buy that car Sau mạo từ a, an, the từ this, that, these, those, each, every, both, no, some, any, few, a few, little, a little,… (Lưu ý cấu trúc ngữpháp a/an/the + adj + noun) Eg: This book is an interesting book Adj N Sau giới từ: in, on, of, with, under, about, at Thanh is good at literature 1.2 Cách nhận biết tính từ Trước danh từ: Adj + N Eg: My Tam is a famous singer Adj N Sau động từ liên kết: tobe/seem/appear/feel/taste/look/keep/get + adj Eg: Tom seems tired Adj Sau “ too”: S + tobe/seem/look….+ too +adj… Eg: He is too short to play basketball S tobe adj Trước “enough”: S + tobe + adj + enough… Eg: She is tall enough to play volleyball S tobe adj Trong cấu trúc so…that: tobe/seem/look/feel… + so + adj + that Eg: The weather was so bad that we decided to stay at home Tính từ dùng dạng so sánh (lưu ý tính từ dài hay đứng sau more, the most, less, as….as) Eg: Meat is more expensive than fish Tính từ câu cảm thán: How +adj + S + V or What + (a/an) + adj + N Eg: How beautiful she is Adj S V 1.3 Cách nhận biết trạng từ Trước động từ thường (nhất trạng từ tần suất: often, always, usually, seldom….) Eg: They often get up at a.m Giữa trợ động từ động từ thường Eg: I have recently finished my homework Sau “too”: V(thường) + too + adv Eg: The teacher speaks too quickly Trước “enough” : V(thường) + adv + enough Eg: The teacher speaks slowly enough for us to understand Trong cấu trúc so….that: V(thường) + so + adv + that Eg: Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident Đứng cuối câu Eg: The doctor told me to breathe in slowly Trạng từ thường đứng đầu câu, câu cách thành phần khác câu dấu phẩy(,) Eg: Last summer , I came back my home country 1.4 Dấu hiệu nhận biết động từ tiếnganh Vị trí động từ câu dễ nhận biết thường đứng sau chủ ngữ Chú ý: Khi dùng động từ nhớ lưu ý để chia cho DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT CÁC TỪ LOẠI DỰA VÀO CẤU TẠO TỪ 2.1 Danh từ Danh từ thường có suffixes (hậu tố) sau: -ant, -ity, -ture, -cy, -phy, -logy, -ism, -ist, -er, -ee, -or, -tion/-ation, -sion, -ness, -ship, -an, -ence, -ance, -dom, -ette, -itude, -ment, -ing, -age v.v… Ex: Majority, Nature, distribution, information, development, teacher, actor, accountant, teaching, studying, teenage, friendship, relationship, shoolarship, socialism, ability, sadness, happiness……… Ngoại lệ: Mention(v), Implement(v) … 2.2 Tính từ Tính từ thường kết thúc bằng: -ful, -less, -ly, -al, -able/-ible, -ive, -ous, -ish, -y, -ic, -ed, -ing, -ant, -ent, -esque… Ex: helful, beautiful, useful, homeless, childless, friendly, yearly, daily, national, international, acceptable, impossible, active, passive, attractive, famous, serious, dangerous, childish, selfish, foolish, rainy, cloudy, snowy, sandy, foggy, healthy, sympathy, childlike, specific, scientific, interested, bored, tired, interesting, boring 2.3 Trạng từ Trạng từ thường thành lập cách thêm đuôi “ly” vào tính từ Ex: beautifully, usefully, carefully, badly Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ (Adj – Adv) good – well late – late/lately ill – ill fast – fast 2.4 Động từ Động từ thường gặp có suffixes sau: -ate, -ain, -flect, -flict, -spect, -scribe, -ceive, -fy, -ise/-ize, -ude, -ide, -ade, -tend, v.v… Ex: Respect, Describe, Deceive, Modify, Industrialise/ize, Extend, v.v… BÀI TẬP VỀ TỪ LOẠI Ex1: John can’t make a _ to get married to Mary or stay single until he can afford a house and a car a decide b decision c decisive d decisively All Sue’s friends and came to her party a relations b Relatives c relationship d Related My father studies about life and structure of plants and animals He is a ……… a biology b biologist c biological d biologically She takes the …… for running the household a responsibility b responsible c responsibly d responsiveness We are a very close-nit family and very … of one another a supporting b supportive c support d supporter You are old enough to take _ for what you have done a Responsible b responsibility c responsibly d.irresponsible He has been very interested in doing research on _ since he was at high school a biology b biological c biologist d biologically The more _ and positive you look, the better you will feel a confide b confident c confidently d Confidence My parents will have celebrated 30 years of _ by next week a marry b married c marriageable d marriage 10 London is home to people of many _ cultures a diverse b diversity c diversify d diversification 11 Mrs Pike was so angry that she made a _ gesture at the driver a rude b rudeness c rudely d rudest 12 She sent me a _ letter thanking me for my invitation a polite b politely c politeness d impoliteness 13 He is unhappy because of his a deaf b deafen c deafness d Deafened 14 His country has climate a continent b continental c continence d Continentally 15 She has a for pink a prefer b preferential c preferentially d Preference 16 Computers are used in schools and universities a widely b wide c widen d Width 17 I sometimes not feel when I am at a party a comfort b comfortable c comforted d Comfortably Ex2: Harry drinks a lot He is such a big (DRINK) A drinker B drinkable C drinking D drinkability Come on, let’s watch them arrive in their smartest suits and shades for Louis Tomlinson’s mum’s (WED) A wedded B wedding C weddings D wed One Direction (DANCE) made miracle (RECOVER) from horrific accident with help from loyal dogs A dancing- discovery B dance-discovery C dancer- recovery D dancers-discovery They have just confirmed follow-up movie after This Is Us missed out on Oscar (NOMINATE) A nomination B nominating C nominitive D nominee I know you’re proud of your achievements, but let’s at least keep some (HUMBLE) A humiliation B humility C humbility D humblation (HATE) are gonna hate, potatoes’re gonna potate, I already ate A haters B hating C hatred D hateful I honestly don’t know what to right now Could you give me some (SERENE) please? A serenade B serenity C serendipity D serendipity Don’t look at me like that I know I’m a (WEIRD) A weirdness B weird C weirdliness D weirdo What is your biggest (WEAK) ? A weakenning B weaken C weakness D weakfish 10 And what are some of your (STRONG) ? A strengthen B strengths C strongly D strongly 11 I so hate researching What’s the point of being a (RESEARCH) anyways? A research B searcher C researcher D researching 12 I’d love to be a (LOSE) What’s the point of being a (WIN) anyways? A losers-winners B loser-winner C lost- win D loss-winner 13 This exercise is a bit ridiculous Whatever, I don’t care, I’m not in the right state of mind right now I’m not trying to hide my (ADDICT) to that boy band, you know A addictive B addicted C addiction D addicting 14 I’m not buying that whole environmental friendly thing Seriously, I wonder what (ENVIRONMENT) in their jobs every day A environmentalism B environmentalists C environmental D environment 15 In the series Once Up On A Time, Emma is called their (SAVE) Such a typical fairy tale it is A saver B saviour C saved D saving 16 (POLLUTE) are the factors that cause pollution A pollution B polluters C pollutants D polluting 17 People use (PRESERVE) to keep foods A preserver B preservation C preservative D preservatives 18 Yeah, I’m going to finish this exercise I’m sorry I’m such a lazy ass, but I can’t get rid of my (LAZY) ,you see A laze B laziness C lazily D lazyment 19 One more question What should I put down for you guys? Alright, this is very tricky: I’m very impressed by their (HOSPITABLE) A hospital B hospitality C hospitablement D hospitabality 20 The last question already! I’m gonna make this question super hard Nah, just kidding, get to it She’s the best (EPITOMIZE) of kindness A epitome B epitomist C epitomizing D epitomized Ex3: Your must be typed into copies to hand in for our company A applicants B application C applicating D applying Well, I think that the prices in BIG C supermarket are A reason B reasonable C reasonably D reasoning This company offered a lot of jobs A attractive B attraction C attract D attractively The of the moon for the earth causes tides A attract B attracted C attraction D attractive What are the _ between women’s in old times and women in modern times? A differs B different C difference D differences In the past people believed that women’s roles were as mothers and wives A nature B natural C naturism D naturalist It is necessary for students to listen to their teacher A attentive B attentively C attention D attend Our company believes it is the best to handle the account A organizing B organizational C organizational D disorganization films should be made for school A educational B education C educated D educate 10 He apologized for the he had caused A convenient B inconvenient C convenience D inconvenience 11 They gave a clear _ of their intentions A demonstrate B demonstrative C demonstration D demonstrating 12 Information technology is very _ to our lives A useful B useless C use D usefully 13 A computer is a _ typewriter which allows you to type and print any kind of documents A magically B magical C magic D magician 14 Hue is famous for its spots A beauty B beautiful C beautify 15 Three films are in for the same contract A compete B competed C competition D beautifully D competitor ... động từ tiếng anh Vị trí động từ câu dễ nhận biết thường đứng sau chủ ngữ Chú ý: Khi dùng động từ nhớ lưu ý để chia cho DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT CÁC TỪ LOẠI DỰA VÀO CẤU TẠO TỪ 2.1 Danh từ Danh từ... a marry b married c marriageable d marriage 10 London is home to people of many _ cultures a diverse b diversity c diversify d diversification 11 Mrs Pike was so angry that she made a _... (WEAK) ? A weakenning B weaken C weakness D weakfish 10 And what are some of your (STRONG) ? A strengthen B strengths C strongly D strongly 11 I so hate researching What’s the point of being a