Sáng kiến kinh nghiệm trung học phổ thông này quý thầy cô sẽ có nguồn tài liệu tham khảo hay, củng cố xây dựng phương pháp dạy hiệu quả, qua đó giúp các em học sinh tiếp thu bài tốt, nắm vững kiến thức phát triển tư duy trí tuệ. Sáng kiến kinh nghiệm tiểu học tập hợp các đề tài đa dạng mang tính ứng dụng cao như ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin trong trường học
Trang 1Table of content
Page
1 Introduction……… 1
1.1 Rationale………1
1.2 Research scope……… ……2
1.3 Aim of the study……… 2
1.4 Methods of the study……….…2
2 Literature review……… ……… 2 …2 2.1 An overviewon Language Teaching Methods……… 2
2.2 The theory of relative clauses……… ……… ……… 3
3 The application of process approach in teaching relative clauses to the students of class 11A2 at Quan Son 2 high school …2…2…2…2…2…2…2…2 …….… 13
3.1 The purpose……….13
3.2 The participants……… 13
3.3 Time and the process of this application……….14
4 Conclusion 15
References
1 Introduction
1.1 Rationale for the study
Trang 2English may not be the most spoken language in the world, but it is the official language in a large number of countries It is estimated that the number
of people in the world that use in English to communicate on a regular basis is 2 billion!
English is the dominant business language and it has become almost a necessily for people to speak English if they are to enter a global workforce, research from all over the world shows that cross-border business communication is most often conducted in English Its importance in the global market place therefore cannot be understated, learning English really can change your life
In the National curriculum, English is one of the core subjects, which are complusory in the high school final examination Therefore, students have to study all the English skills for their tests However, there still exist many difficulties facing teachers in teaching English to students, especially those from ethnic minorities
Quan Son is one of the mountainous districts of Thanh Hoa province The living condition and studying condition are poor and restrict Most of the students of Quan Son 2 high school are ethnic minorities such as Thai, Muong, Mong Ethnic minority students mainly use their mother tongue to communicate inside their families and small communities As a result, ethnic minority students fail to make progress in learning English Especially, they have many difficulties in learning English grammar One of the most difficult grammar parts that students have to face is comparatives and superlatives
For these reasons, I would like to choose the topic “method of
teaching relative clauses to the students of class 11A2 at Quan Son 2 high school” in the hope of supplying upper-secondary students, especially the students of class 11A2 at Quan Son 2 high school with enough knowledge of relative clauses
1.2 Reseach scope
Trang 3The study focuces on applying process approach in teaching tag quetions to the students who are in grade 11 so that they can have enough knowledge to do exercises related with relative clauses
1.3 Aim of the study
The study is aimed to teach relative clauses for the grade -11- students
1.4 Methods of the study
In order to achieve the above aim, the teacher supplies or teaches the necessary knowledge about process approach and an overview of relative clauses
to the students After that, students will have time to practise them and get feedback as well as correction from their friends and teacher
2 Literature review
2.1 An overview on Language Teaching Methods
In the discussion of the history of Language Teaching Methods, it can be understandable that a teaching method which may be effective at one point of time in history may still be ineffective at the other point This dynamic character
of the language teaching goals make the history of foreign language teaching ever-changing, ever-adapting Moreover, one method is replaced by another it does not mean that the former is worse than the latter and will be thrown into the wastebasket of history It only means that the replaced method fails to correspond
to a certain need at a certain time in history As a result, the history of foreign language teaching method is not the history of replacement of one method by another Rather, it would be the history of adapting one new method to the treasury of existing methods A number of methods have been envolved for the teaching of English and also other foreign language in the past; howerver in Viet Nam three method which enjoy significant use and dominate the language teaching are the Grammar – Translation, the Audio – lingual method and the Communicative language teaching
2.2.Theory of relative clauses
Trang 4We use relative clauses to give additional information about something without starting another sentence By combining sentences with a relative clause, your text becomes more fluent and you can avoid repeating certain words
How to Form Relative Clauses
Imagine, a girl is talking to Tom You want to know who she is and ask a friend whether he knows her You could say:
A girl is talking to Tom Do you know the girl?
That sounds rather complicated, doesn't it? It would be easier with a relative
clause: you put both pieces of information into one sentence Start with the most important thing – you want to know who the girl is
Do you know the girl …
As your friend cannot know which girl you are talking about, you need to put in the additional information – the girl is talking to Tom Use „the girl“ only in the first part of the sentence, in the second part replace it with the relative pronoun (for people, use the relative pronoun „who“) So the final sentence is:
Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom?
Relative Pronouns
Relative
Pronoun
people
I told you about the
woman who lives next door.
animals and things
Do you see the cat which is lying
on the roof?
me
and things
Do you know the
boy whose mother is a nurse?
Trang 5whom object pronoun for people,
especially in non-defining relative clauses (in defining relative clauses we colloquially
prefer who)
I was invited by the
professor whom I met at the
conference
people, animals and things in defining relative clauses
(who or which are also possible)
I don’t like the table that stands in
the kitchen
Subject Pronoun or Object Pronoun?
Subject and object pronouns cannot be distinguished by their forms - who, which, that are used for subject and object pronouns You can, however, distinguish them
as follows:
If the relative pronoun is followed by a verb, the relative pronoun is a subject
pronoun Subject pronouns must always be used.
the apple which is lying on the table
If the relative pronoun is not followed by a verb (but by a noun or pronoun), the
relative pronoun is an object pronoun Object pronouns can be dropped in defining relative clauses, which are then called Contact Clauses.
the apple (which) George lay on the table
Relative Adverbs
A relative adverb can be used instead of a relative pronoun plus preposition This often makes the sentence easier to understand
This is the shop in which I bought my bike.
Relative
adverb
him
Trang 6him
Defining Relative Clauses
Defining relative clauses (also called identifying relative clauses or restrictive
relative clauses) give detailed information defining a general term or expression
Defining relative clauses are not put in commas
Imagine, Tom is in a room with five girls One girl is talking to Tom and you ask somebody whether he knows this girl Here the relative clause defines which of the five girls you mean
Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom?
Defining relative clauses are often used in definitions
A seaman is someone who works on a ship
Object pronouns in defining relative clauses can be dropped (Sentences with a
relative clause without the relative pronoun are called Contact Clauses.)
The boy (who/whom) we met yesterday is very nice.
Non-Defining Relative Clauses
Non-defining relative clauses (also called identifying relative clauses or
non-restrictive relative clauses) give additional information on something, but do not
define it Non-defining relative clauses are put in commas
Imagine, Tom is in a room with only one girl The two are talking to each other and you ask somebody whether he knows this girl Here the relative clause is non-defining because in this situation it is obvious which girl you mean
Do you know the girl, who is talking to Tom?
Note: In non-defining relative clauses, who/which may not be replaced with that.
Object pronouns in non-defining relative clauses must be used
Jim, who/whom we met yesterday, is very nice
How to Shorten Relative Clauses?
Relative clauses with who, which, that as subject pronoun can be replaced with
a participle This makes the sentence shorter and easier to understand
Trang 7I told you about the woman who lives next door – I told you about the
woman living next door.
Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof? – Do you see the cat lying on the
roof?
REVISION EXERCISES
Exercise 1 : Choose the best answer among A, B , C or D.
1) Genghis Khan, _ name means “very mighty ruler”, was a Mongol emperor in the Middle Ages
2) The children _ sang at the Mayor's parade were from the local school
3) Galileo, _ published works proving that the Earth revolves around the Sun, continued his scientific experiments even when he went deaf and blind
4) The school programme _ has been interrupted by revision tests requires a regular course study
5) Credit is given in this semester requires approximately three hours of classroom work
6) Two courses have the same subjects are in different times
7) You may enroll our course by e-mail _ can be faster than other registration forms
8) The girl dress you admire has been working for an expo company since she left school
9) The young man was released after the court was found innocent of all the charges against him
10) Is that the same film we watched last year?
11) The girl _ I borrowed the dictionary asked me to use it carefully
12) The pupils _ we took to the amusement park behaved themselves very well
13) Bournemouth, _ we are going to visit next summer, is a real paradise for the retired
Trang 814) Thatcher, birthplace was above a shop in the small English town of Grantham, became Prime Minister of Britain four years after she had become the leader of the Conservative Party in 1975
15) First jeans, became fashionable for women after they saw them in Vogue magazine, were made by two Americans, Jacob Davis and Levi Strauss
16) The first television picture _ John Logie Baird transmitted on 25 November, 1905 was a boy worked in the office next to Baird's workroom
in London
17) Felix Hoffman, a 29-year-old chemist _ worked for the German company Bayer, invented the drug Aspirin in April 1879
18) Joyce Bews, was born and grew up in Portsmouth on the south coast of England, _ she still lives, was 100 last year
19) The big clock used to strike the hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since
20) The pollution they were talking is getting worse
21) The engineer our company relies is on holiday
22) The dam they plan to build will cover acres of forest
23) He is a talented cricket player abilities include fast bowling and powerful batting
A where B whose C whom D of which
24) Eastern Rwanda is very different from the South-west, _ monkeys, birds and orchids thrive in the high altitude primary forest
25) Wednesday is the day _ a tour guide leads a tour around the town's historical places
26) Robert Riva, an Italian used to play for Cremonese, now coaches the Reigate under 11's football team
27) The town _ the folk festival is taking place is usually a quiet resort
28) As a celebrity many children admire, it is important for her to act responsibly
Trang 929) We always hold a family barbecue in our garden on Independence Day, was on a Tuesday this year
30) When I was at school, there was a girl in my class skin was so sensitive that she couldn't expose her skin to the sun even with cream on
A where B whose C whom D that
31) We'll row until the spot _ the river bends and then we'll turn back
32) On the days I feel I need to reflect on the past and plan my future, I sit
by the river and watch the swans swim past
33) My mother's Elvis Presley tape, she listened to every day, has broken in the music centre
34) Unfortunately, the friend with I intended to go on holiday to Side is ill, so I'll have to cancel my trip
35) According to the research, the time at _ most road accidents happen is early evening
36) The new stadium, will be completed next year, will seat 30,000 spectators
37) Blenheim Palace, _ Churchill was born, is now open to the public
38) Students _ register for courses do not have any problems
39) August 23rd is the last date you may transfer to another course
40) Our course needs some requirements are listed here
41) Before coming to my office, please check the appointment are listed in my official calendar
42) I never forget the time my motorbike broke down in a very crowded street
43) I couldn't remember the time there was no internet
44) The restaurant we had our dinner was the most expensive in this city
45) The top model about I was telling you is on TV now
46) Are you the student mother called me yesterday?
47) Mary, _ has only been in Japan for 3 months, speaks Japanese perfectly
Trang 1048) Who is your daughter? She is the child has long, straight hair.
49) I don't think my ex-girl friend will remember the day _ we saw each other for the first time
50) August is the month I always give my birthday parties
Exercise 2 : Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting.
1 Every student who majors in English are ready to participate in the orchard
A B C D
contest
2 Do you know the reason when English men travel to the left?
3 She is the most beautiful woman whose I have ever met
A B C D
4 Mother’s Day is the day when children show their love to their mother
A B C
on
5 The New Year Day is the day where all my family members gather
A B C
and enjoy it together
D
6 It is complicated because pollution is caused by things when benefit people
A B C D
7 The policeman must try to catch those men whom drive dangerously
A B C D
8 He was very surprised when he visited London, in that the drivers
A B C
always drive on the right hand side of the street
D
9 That is the man who he told me the bad news
A B C D
10 I don’t know the reason on when Jonathan was sacked
A B C D
11 The singer about who I told you yesterday is coming here tomorrow
A B C D
12 The man whom helped you yesterday is a television reporter
A B C D
A B C D
14 Do you know the reason when Englishmen travel on the left side of the streets?
A B C D