Peterson’s MASTER AP U.S HISTORY Peterson’s MASTER AP U.S HISTORY Margaret C Moran W Frances Holder 2nd Edition About Peterson’s, a Nelnet company Peterson’s (www.petersons.com) is a leading provider of education information and advice, with books and online resources focusing on education search, test preparation, and financial aid Its Web site offers searchable databases and interactive tools for contacting educational institutions, online practice tests and instruction, and planning tools for securing financial aid Peterson’s serves 110 million education consumers annually Special thanks to Rick Holder for his editorial assistance Photo Credits: The Granger Collection, New York; Culver Pictures, Inc Graphics by: Siren Design, Inc For more information, contact Peterson’s, 2000 Lenox Drive, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648; 800-338-3282; or find us on the World Wide Web at www.petersons.com/about © 2007 Peterson’s, a Nelnet company AP is a registered trademark of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product Previously published as Peterson’s AP U.S History © 2005 Editor: Wallie Walker Hammond; Manufacturing Manager: Ivona Skibicki; Composition Manager: Gary Rozmierski ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage and retrieval systems—without the prior written permission of the publisher For permission to use material from this text or product, complete the Permission Request Form at http://www.petersons.com/permissions ISBN-13: 978-0-7689-2469-5 ISBN-10: 0-7689-2469-3 Printed in the United States of America 10 Second Edition 09 08 07 Petersons.com/publishing Check out our Web site at www.petersons.com/publishing to see if there is any new information regarding the test and any revisions or corrections to the content of this book We’ve made sure the information in this book is accurate and up-to-date; however, the test format or content may have changed since the time of publication OTHER RECOMMENDED TITLES Peterson’s AP European History Peterson’s AP World History Peterson’s Master AP Calculus AB & BC Peterson’s Master AP Chemistry Peterson’s Master AP English Language & Composition Peterson’s Master AP English Literature & Composition Peterson’s Master AP U.S Government & Politics Contents Before You Begin xi How This Book Is Organized xi Special Study Features xii Appendix xii You’re Well on Your Way to Success xiii Give Us Your Feedback xiii Top 10 Strategies to Raise Your Score xiv PART I AP U.S HISTORY BASICS All About the AP U.S History Test 10 Facts About the AP U.S History Test Scoring the AP U.S History Test Study Plans for the AP U.S History Test Summing It Up 3 14 PART II: DIAGNOSING STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES Practice Test 1: Diagnostic 25 Section I 26 Section II 38 Answer Key and Explanations 43 Self-Evaluation Rubric for the Advanced Placement Essays 62 PART III: AP U.S HISTORY STRATEGIES Answering the Multiple-Choice Questions 67 Basic Information About Section I 67 Attacking the Questions: Practical Advice 68 Practicing 70 Exercise 71 Answer Key and Explanations 73 Exercise 75 viii Contents Answer Key and Explanations Exercise Answer Key and Explanations Summing It Up 76 77 78 80 Writing a “9” Essay 81 Basic Information about Section II 81 Good Writing 83 Planning and Writing Each Essay: Practical Advice 85 Summing It Up 86 Writing the DBQ Essay 87 Defining the DBQ 87 The Game Plan 89 Summing It Up 97 Writing the Free Response Essays Defining the Free Response Questions The Game Plan Practical Advice Free Response Essays Suggestions for Free Response Essays, Part B Suggestions for Free Response Essays, Part C Self-Evaluation Rubric for the Advanced Placement Essays Summing It Up 99 99 100 100 101 102 106 110 112 PART IV: AP U.S HISTORY REVIEW Reviewing the Colonial Period to 1789 115 Discovery, Settlement, and Expansion, 1492–1754 115 Colonial Society Around 1750 124 The Move to Independence, 1754–1776 128 The American Revolution, 1775–1783 134 Drafting the Constitution 139 Summing It Up 141 The Constitution and Important Supreme Court Cases 143 The U.S Constitution 143 Twelve Important Supreme Court Decisions 148 Additional Supreme Court Cases with Impact on Historical Events 154 Summing It Up 156 Reviewing the New Nation to Mid-Century 157 The New Nation, 1789–1800 158 The Age of Jefferson, 1800–1816 163 www.petersons.com Contents ix 167 172 175 179 184 10 Reviewing the Events Leading to the Civil War and Its Aftermath 185 Territorial Expansion and Sectional Crisis 185 Prelude to the Civil War 189 The Civil War 193 Reconstruction 198 Summing It Up 204 11 Becoming an Urban and Industrial World Power 205 The New South The Last Frontier Industry, Labor, and Big Business Urban Society Intellectual and Cultural Movements The Gilded Age The Nation Abroad, 1865–1914 The Progressive Era Summing It Up 206 209 212 215 217 219 223 226 231 12 Reviewing the Twentieth Century: 1915 to the Present 233 Wilson and World War I 234 The 1920s 237 The Great Depression 240 The New Deal 242 Diplomacy in the 1920s and 1930s 246 World War II 249 The Beginning of the Cold War at Home and Abroad 254 The 1950s 258 The 1960s 260 The 1970s 265 The United States Since 1980 268 Summing It Up 276 PART V: TWO PRACTICE TESTS Practice Test 287 Section I 287 Section II 301 Answer Key and Explanations 306 Self-Evaluation Rubric for the Advanced Placement Essays 327 www.petersons.com Nationalism: Prosperity and Change Sectionalism The Age of Jackson, 1828–1848 A Changing Society and an Emerging Culture Summing It Up x Contents Practice Test 337 Section I Section II Answer Key and Explanations Self-Evaluation Rubric for the Advanced Placement Essays 337 351 357 376 APPENDIX College-by-College Guide to AP Credit and Placement 381 www.petersons.com 404 APPENDIX Credits Granted Required Score The University of Arizona (AZ) 4–5 University of Arkansas (AR) 3–5 University of California, Berkeley (CA) 3–5 University of California, Davis (CA) 3–5 HIST 17A & HIST 17B University of California, Irvine (CA) 3–5 Elective credit only University of California, Los Angeles (CA) 3–5 University of California, Riverside (CA) 3–5 HIST 017A & HIST 017B University of California, Santa Barbara (CA) 3–5 No equivalent University of California, Santa Cruz (CA) 3–5 University of Central Arkansas (AR) 3–5 HIST 2302 University of Central Florida (FL) AMH 1000 4–5 AMH 2010 & AMH 2020 School Name www.petersons.com Course Waived Stipulations HIST departmental elective credit HIST 2003 & HIST 2013 Satisfies American History and American Institutions requirement Satisfies the university American History and Institutions requirement History 17A and 17B may be taken for full credit Any one exam satisfies one “IH.” All AP exams may be taken for credit A maximum of one IH will be granted from literature (classics, English, and literature) College-by-College Guide to AP Credit and Placement 405 Credits Granted University of Colorado at Boulder (CO) 4–5 HIST 1015 & HIST 1025 University of Connecticut (CT) 4–5 HIST 132 University of Dallas (TX) 4–5 HIS 1311 & HIS 1312 3–5 HIST 205 & HIST 206 4 Elective AHUM from History/4 elective 12 AHUM from History/8 elective 3 AMH 0301 4–5 AMH 2010 & AMH 2020 3 HIST 2111 HIST 2112 School Name University of Dayton (OH) University of Delaware (DE) University of Denver (CO) University of Evansville (IN) University of Florida (FL) University of Georgia (GA) Course Waived Stipulations Score of requires verification through advanced American history or advanced European history as appropriate 4–5 The 0301 course number has no UF course equivalent; these courses provide General Education credit but may not count toward the major www.petersons.com Required Score 406 APPENDIX Credits Granted Required Score University of Georgia— continued University of Illinois at Chicago (IL) 4–5 University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (IL) 4–5 HST 171 & HST 172 The University of Iowa (IA) 3–5 HIST 16A:061 & HIST 16A:062 University of Kansas (KS) 4–5 HIST 128 or HIST 129 University of Kentucky (KY) 3–5 HIS 108 & HIS 109 University of Maryland, Baltimore County (MD) 3–5 HIST 101 & HIST 102 University of Maryland, College Park (MD) HIST 156 or HIST 157 HIST 156 & HIST 157 3 Elective 4–5 HIST 0131 & HIST 0132 University of Miami (FL) 4–5 HIS 261 & HIS 262 University of Michigan (MI) 4–5 100 level History School Name University of Mary Washington (VA) www.petersons.com Course Waived Stipulations HIST 2111 & HIST 2112 credit hours each for HIS 108, 109 with a grade of CR Fulfills CORE-History requirement Course credits not satisfy the prerequisite or program requirements for the History concentration or minor AP credits count toward the graduation total College-by-College Guide to AP Credit and Placement 407 Credits Granted Course Waived University of Michigan– Dearborn (MI) 3–5 University of Minnesota, Morris (MN) 3–5 University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Campus (MN) 3–5 HIST 1999 University of Missouri– Columbia (MO) 3–5 HIST 1400 University of Missouri– Kansas City (MO) 3–5 HIST 101 & HIST 102 University of Missouri– Rolla (MO) 4–5 HIST 175 or HIST 176 University of Nebraska– Lincoln (NE) 4–5 American History 201 The University of North Carolina at Asheville (NC) 4–5 HIST 102 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (NC) 4–5 HIST 127 & HIST 128 The University of North Carolina Wilmington (NC) 3–5 HIST 201 & HIST 202 3 AMH 1000 University of North Florida (FL) HIST 111 Stipulations Students admitted to UM-D for Fall 2007, or thereafter, will be awarded History credit only upon attaining a score of or higher May count toward the 8-cr maximum AP credits allowed in major Fulfills historical perspectives and cultural diversity requirements Course numbers 1999 and 3099 indicate blanket credit in the subject matter area at the freshman-sophomore and junior-senior levels respectively The History Department will waive History 175 and 176 requirements for majors who score on the AP exam www.petersons.com School Name Required Score 408 APPENDIX Credits Granted Required Score University of North Florida—continued 4–5 AMH 2020 & AMH 2010 University of Notre Dame (IN) 4–5 HIST 10600 & HIST 10605 University of Oklahoma (OK) 3–5 HIST 1483 & HIST 1493 HIST 042 School Name University of Pennsylvania (PA) University of Pittsburgh (PA) 4–5 University of Puget Sound (WA) 4–5 University of Redlands (CA) 3–5 University of Rhode Island (RI) 3–5 HIST 141 & HIST 142 University of Richmond (VA) 4–5 HIST 120 & HIST 121 University of Rochester (NY) 4–5 History elective University of St Thomas (MN) 3–5 University of St Thomas (TX) 4–5 University of San Diego (CA) 3–5 The University of Scranton (PA) 3–5 University of South Carolina (SC) www.petersons.com Course Waived HIST 0600 & HIST 0601 HIST 152 or HIST 153 HIS 2333 & HIS 2334 3–6 HIS 111 Stipulations College-by-College Guide to AP Credit and Placement 409 Credits Granted University of South Carolina—continued 4–5 University of Southern California (CA) 3–5 The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (TN) 3–5 The University of Texas at Austin (TX) The University of Texas at Dallas (TX) Course Waived HIS 111 & HIS 112 HIST 203 & HIST 204 HIS 315K, 315L B HIS 309K, 309L A HIST 1301 4–5 HIST 1301 & HIST 1302 University of the Pacific (CA) 4–5 University of the Sciences in Philadelphia (PA) 4–5 University of Tulsa (OK) HIST 61 4–5 HIST 2503 University of Utah (UT) 3–5 American Institutions University of Virginia (VA) 4–5 HIUS 201 & HIUS 202 University of Washington (WA) 4–5 HSTAA 101 University of Wisconsin–La Crosse (WI) 3–5 HIST 220 3 General Electives 4–5 HIS 101 & HIS 102 University of Wisconsin– Madison (WI) Stipulations American history survey Counts toward Individuals & Societies general education requirement for graduation www.petersons.com School Name Required Score 410 APPENDIX Credits Granted Required Score 3–5 HIST 103 or HIST 104 4–5 HIST 220 & HIST 221 Vanderbilt University (TN) 4–5 HIST 170 & HIST 171 Vassar College (NY) 4–5 Villanova University (PA) 4–5 Virginia Military Institute (VA) 3–5 HI 205 & HI 206 3 HIST 1115 4–5 HIST 1115 & HIST 1116 School Name University of Wisconsin– River Falls (WI) Ursinus College (PA) 4–5 Valparaiso University (IN) Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (VA) Wabash College (IN) 4–5 Wagner College (NY) 4–5 Wake Forest University (NC) 4–5 Wartburg College (IA) www.petersons.com Course Waived Stipulations Student is permitted to take upper division U.S history courses (numbered 300 or higher) UWRF If an upper division U.S history course is completed at UWRF with a grade of “B” or better, an additional credits may be awarded One to two course credits will be granted for an Advanced Placement exam score of or upon the completion of a second course in the department with a grade of B- or better HST 251 HI 109 4–5 HI 109 & HI 110 College-by-College Guide to AP Credit and Placement 411 Washington & Jefferson College (PA) Credits Granted Course Waived 4–5 Specific course equivalence is decided by department chairs HIST 107 & HIST 108 Washington College (MD) 4–5 HIS 201 & HIS 202 Washington University in St Louis (MO) 4–5 HIST 163 Wellesley College (MA) 4–5 Wells College (NY) 4–5 Wesleyan College (GA) 4–5 Wesleyan University (CT) 4–5 Western Washington University (WA) 3–5 HIST 103 & HIST 104 Westminster College (UT) 3–5 HIST 220 & HIST 100T Westmont College (CA) 4–5 HIST 105 or HIST 115 4–5 HIST 105 or HIST 115 Washington and Lee University (VA) Wheaton College (IL) Wheaton College (MA) Stipulations AP credits fulfill intoductory course requirements for the History major and minor No course equivalent The appropriate department will consider a grade of on an individual basis at the request of the student Wesleyan courses required for credit: Any History course numbered 201 or higher with a grade of B- or better 4–5 www.petersons.com School Name Required Score 412 APPENDIX Whitman College (WA) Whitworth College (WA) Credits Granted School Name Required Score HIST 105 & HIST 106 3–4 HI 131 HI 131 & HI 132 Willamette University (OR) 4–5 William Jewell College (MO) 4–5 Williams College (MA) Course Waived HIST 113 HIS 121 or HIS 122 HIST 100 level or AMST 201 Winona State University (MN) 3–5 Wittenberg University (OH) 4–5 Wofford College (SC) 4–5 HIST 201 & HIST 202 Xavier University (OH) 4–5 HIST 143 & HIST 144 Yale University (CT) 4–5 www.petersons.com Stipulations Students receiving a score of on any AP history examination will be guaranteed a place in the 100-level History seminar of their choice Advanced placement and credit are granted for a grade of or on any Advanced Placement Examination of the College Board Based on departmental recommendations, advanced placement and/or credit is granted for a grade of NOTES 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Peterson’s Master AP U.S History, you will become much more comfortable with the exam and considerably more confident about getting a high score APPENDIX Peterson’s College-by-College Guide to AP Credit