Junior worldmark encyclopedia of physical geography vol5

�������� ��������� ���������������� �������� ��������� �������� ��������� ���������������� �������� ��������� ������ � �������������������� ���������������� ��������������������������������� ������� JUNIOR WORLDMARK ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Editors Karen Ellicott and Susan Bevan Gall Graphics and Layout Steven Ollay Cover Design Cynthia Baldwin Associate Editors Robert J Groelsema, Ph.D., Jeneen Hobby, Ph.D., Maura Malone, and Rosalie Wieder Project Editor Allison McNeill Composition Evi Seoud Imaging and Multimedia Christine OBryan Manufacturing Rita Wimberley â2003 by UXL U•X•L is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc taping, Web distribution, or information storage retrieval systemswithout the written permission of the publisher UXLđ is a registered trademark used herein under license Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license For permission to use material from this product, submit your request via Web at http://www.gale-edit.com/ permissions, or you may download our Permissions Request form and submit your request by fax or mail to: Cover photographs reproduced courtesy of Digital Stock (Matterhorn), Photodisc (Rice terraces, Luzon Island; Grand Canyon), and Corbis (Victoria Falls) For more information, contact: The Gale Group, Inc 27500 Drake Rd Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 Or you can visit our Internet site at: http://www.gale.com Permissions Department The Gale Group, Inc 27500 Drake Rd Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means— graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, Permissions Hotline: 248-699-8006 or 800-877-4253, ext 8006; Fax: 248-699-8074 or 800-762-4058 While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, The Gale Group, Inc does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein The Gale Group, Inc accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement by the editors or publisher Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Junior worldmark encyclopedia of physical geography / Karen Ellicott and Susan Bevan Gall, editors v cm Includes bibliographical references Contents: v Afghanistan to Comoros v Congo, Democratic Republic of the to India v Indonesia to Mongolia v Morocco to Slovakia v Slovenia to Zimbabwe ISBN 0-7876-6265-8 (set : hardcover) ISBN 0-7876-6266-6 (v 1) -ISBN 0-7876-6267-4 (v 2) ISBN 0-7876-6268-2 (v 3) ISBN 0-7876-6269-0 (v 4) ISBN 0-7876-6633-5 (v 5) Physical geography Encyclopedias, Juvenile [1 Physical geography Encyclopedias.] I Ellicott, Karen II Gall, Susan B GB58.J86 2003 910’.02’03 dc21 2003009019 Printed in the United States of America 10 Contents Volume United States .133 Uruguay .141 Uzbekistan 144 Vanuatu 148 Vatican 152 Venezuela 155 Vietnam 162 Yemen 166 Zambia 171 Zimbabwe .175 Cumulative Contents vi Countries by Continent viii Reader’s Guide x Words to Know xv Slovenia .1 Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa 14 Spain .20 Sri Lanka 27 Sudan 32 Suriname 39 Swaziland 43 Sweden 46 Switzerland .52 Syria .57 Taiwan .62 Tajikistan 66 Tanzania 70 Thailand 77 Togo 83 Tonga 86 Trinidad and Tobago .89 Tunisia .93 Turkey 97 Turkmenistan .105 Tuvalu 109 Uganda 112 Ukraine 117 United Arab Emirates 123 United Kingdom 126 Appendixes xxvii A Continents by Area xxvii B Countries by Area xxvii C Countries by Population xxxiii D Oceans and Seas by Area xxxix E Oceans by Depth xli F Islands by Area xlii G Deserts by Area xlv H Mountains by Height xlvi I Volcanoes by Height li J Rivers over 1,000 Miles (1,600 Kilometers) liv K Waterfalls by Height lvii L Lakes by Area lix M Lakes by Depth lxi N Seven Wonders of the Ancient World lxiii O Seven Wonders of the Natural World lxiv Selected Sources for Further Study lxv Cumulative Index lxvii Cumulative Contents Volume Cyprus 27 Czech Republic 31 Denmark 34 Djibouti 39 Dominica 42 Dominican Republic 45 East Timor .51 Ecuador 54 Egypt 59 El Salvador 66 Equatorial Guinea .72 Eritrea .76 Estonia 80 Ethiopia 85 Fiji 92 Finland .95 France 100 Gabon 107 Gambia, The 111 Georgia 114 Germany 118 Ghana 125 Greece 130 Grenada 135 Guatemala 138 Guinea 142 Guinea-Bissau 146 Guyana 150 Haiti .154 Honduras 158 Hungary 162 Iceland 166 India .172 Afghanistan Albania .6 Algeria 10 Andorra 15 Angola 18 Antarctica 22 Antigua and Barbuda 30 Argentina 33 Armenia 40 Australia 44 Austria 54 Azerbaijan .58 Bahamas, The 62 Bahrain .65 Bangladesh .68 Barbados 72 Belarus 75 Belgium 78 Belize 82 Benin 86 Bhutan 89 Bolivia .92 Bosnia and Herzegovina 97 Botswana 101 Brazil 105 Brunei 111 Bulgaria 114 Burkina Faso 119 Burundi 123 Cambodia .126 Cameroon 130 Canada 135 Cape Verde .145 Central African Republic 148 Chad 152 Chile .157 China 162 Colombia 172 Comoros .180 Volume Indonesia Iran Iraq 15 Ireland 19 Israel .23 Italy 28 Jamaica 34 Japan 37 Jordan .46 Kazakhstan .50 Kenya .55 Kiribati 62 Korea, North 65 Korea, South 70 Volume Congo (DROC) Congo (ROC) Costa Rica .10 Côte d’Ivoire 15 Croatia .19 Cuba 23 vi C U M U L AT I V E C O N T E N T S Kuwait 74 Kyrgyzstan 77 Laos 81 Latvia 85 Lebanon 88 Lesotho 91 Liberia 94 Libya .97 Liechtenstein 102 Lithuania 104 Luxembourg 108 Macedonia 111 Madagascar 115 Malawi 119 Malaysia 123 Maldives 129 Mali 132 Malta 136 Marshall Islands 138 Mauritania 141 Mauritius 145 Mexico 149 Micronesia, Federated States of .155 Moldova 159 Monaco 162 Mongolia 165 Volume Morocco .1 Mozambique Myanmar 13 Namibia 18 Nauru .24 Nepal .26 Netherlands 31 New Zealand 36 Nicaragua 42 Niger 48 Nigeria .51 Norway 57 Oman .63 Pakistan 67 Palau 72 Panama 76 Papua New Guinea 82 Paraguay 88 Peru 92 Philippines 99 Poland 106 Portugal 110 Puerto Rico .115 Qatar 119 Romania 122 Russia .128 Rwanda 139 Saint Kitts and Nevis .142 Saint Lucia 145 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 148 Samoa 152 San Marino .156 Sao Tome and Principe 158 Saudi Arabia 161 Senegal 166 Serbia and Montenegro 171 Seychelles .176 Sierra Leone 180 Singapore .184 Slovakia 187 Volume Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia .9 South Africa 14 Spain 20 Sri Lanka 27 Sudan .32 Suriname 39 Swaziland 43 Sweden 46 Switzerland .52 Syria 57 Taiwan 62 Tajikistan 66 Tanzania 70 Thailand 77 Togo .83 Tonga .86 Trinidad and Tobago 89 Tunisia 93 Turkey .97 Turkmenistan 105 Tuvalu 109 Uganda 112 Ukraine 117 United Arab Emirates 123 United Kingdom .126 United States 133 Uruguay 141 Uzbekistan 144 Vanuatu 148 Vatican 152 Venezuela .155 Vietnam 162 Yemen 166 Zambia 171 Zimbabwe 175 Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography vii Countries of the World, by Continent Africa Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Chad Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of Côte d’Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia, The Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Asia Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus East Timor Georgia India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Korea, North (Democratic People’s Republic of) Korea, South (Republic of) Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand viii COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD, BY CONTINENT Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen Australia Australia Europe Albania Andorra Austria Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia and Montenegro Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican City North America Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Puerto Rico Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines United States of America Oceania Note: The island nations lying in the Pacific Ocean are not part of any continent Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia Nauru New Zealand Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu South America Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography ix Reader’s Guide Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography presents a comprehensive survey of the physical geography of 192 countries of the world plus Taiwan, Antarctica, and Puerto Rico Each entry begins with a list of key facts about the physical characteristics of the country; measurements are provided in both metric and English units Student researchers should be reminded that geography is an imprecise science, and measurements of geographical features may vary from source to source e entries are arranged alphabetically by country in five volumes Following the format of other popular titles in the Junior Worldmark series, information in each entry is presented in a consistent format, allowing student researchers to find information and compare countries quickly and easily Key Facts  Official name e countries of the world are referred to by a common name; the more formal official name is listed here A topographic map—with notable mountain ranges and peaks, lakes, rivers, deserts, and coastal areas labeled—accompanies each entry In addition, more than 200 photographs illustrate the varied landscapes found in the countries of the world Adding further interest are the “Did You Know?” boxes appearing in the entries, noting interesting or unusual geographic features or facts or explaining regional geographic references  Area e country’s area, usually including islands, is provided in square kilometers and square miles  Highest point on mainland e height, in meters and feet, is given for the highest point on the mainland portion of the country For most countries, this is also the highest point anywhere in the country Organization Each volume begins with the contents listed for that volume, followed by a cumulative table of contents for all five volumes in the set To help researchers who wish to identify a country within one of the world’s continents, a finder table—Countries of the World by Continent—appears at the front of each volume Words to Know, a glossary of terms related to geography, completes the front matter Entries for individual countries follow Although all numbered rubrics are included in every entry, entries vary in length depending primarily on the geographic complexity of the country’s land area  Highest point in territory For some countries with islands and territories, the highest point not on the mainland is provided in meters and feet  Lowest point on land e elevation, in meters and feet, for the lowest point on the mainland portion of the country is provided x READER’S GUIDE  Hemispheres The country’s hemispheres (Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western) help the researcher locate the country on the globe  Time zone e time zone of the country’s capital is provided, with the time related to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) For some large countries, more than one time zone may be listed  Longest distances Measurements in kilometers and miles of the country’s widest points from north to south and east to west are given For some countries, longest distances may be measured on a slight diagonal (northwest to southeast, for example)  Land boundaries e total distance making up the country’s borders with other nations is provided in kilometers and miles, followed by the border distances with the individual neighboring countries  Coastline Coastline measurements, in kilometers and miles, are approximate Coastline measurements are likely to vary from source to source  Territorial sea limits e territory extending into the ocean over which the country claims control or jurisdiction Territorial sea limits are given in kilometers and nautical miles, and generally govern activities such as fishing and mineral rights e first four numbered rubrics offer a general overview of the country  LOCATION AND SIZE is section gives the reader an overview of where the country lies and provides its relation to the bodies of water around it Also included is information about whether the country is divided into states, provinces, or other internal administrative units  TERRITORIES AND DEPENDENCIES Many countries exercise jurisdiction over territories—oen islands—that are not part of the mainland is section lists any such territories and dependencies  CLIMATE e general climate of the country is described, with a table providing seasonal temperature ranges included for many countries General information about rainfall and snow patterns is also included here  TOPOGRAPHIC REGIONS An overview of the general topography (shape of the country’s land surface) is provided, with key features (mountain ranges, plateaus, deserts, valleys, lakes, rivers) noted e next eight numbered rubrics—5 through 12—describe specific geographic features All entries include all eight headings Since all countries not include every geographic feature, individual entries note the absence of specific features  OCEANS AND SEAS e oceans and seas bounding the country are listed Subheadings describe specific features of the country and its coastal areas Subheads are used in entries as appropriate and may include: Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography xi C U M U L AT I V E I N D E X O Oahu [5]136 Ob [3]53; [4]132-133, 135 Ob Luang Gorge [5]81 Oban Hills [4]55 Obhingo River [5]68 Oboke Gorge [3]44 Obudu Uplands [4]55 Occidental Mountains [2]26 Ocean Island [3]62 Ocean trenches See Appendix E, Oceans by Depth, in each volume Oceania Micronesia [3]155-158 Palau [4]72-75 Solomon Islands [5]5-8 Tuvalu [5]109-111 Vanuatu [5]148-151 Oceans See rubric 5, Oceans and Seas, in each country article Oceans and Seas by Area See Appendix D in each volume Oceans by Depth See Appendix E in each volume Oder River [2]32, 121; [4]107-108 Odessa [5]120 Odienné [2]15 Odra [2]32; [4]107 Ogaden [2]85-88; [5]13 Ogo Plateau [5]13 Ogooué River [2]107-109 Ogurchinskiy Island [5]106 Ohrid [3]112-113 Ohridsko Jezero [1]7 Oil Bird Cave [5]160 Ok Tedi [4]85, 87 Okavango River [1]21, 102-103; [4]21 Okefenokee Swamp [5]137 Okinawa [3]39-41 Öland Island [5]48 Olango Island Wildlife Sanctuary [4]103 Old Bahama Channel [1]63; [2]24 Olduvai Gorge [5]74-75 Oléron Island [2]103 Ölfusá [2]168-169 Olt River [4]123, 125 Olympic Mountains [5]135 Oman [4]63-66 Ometepe Island [4]44-46 Omo River [2]87-88 Ontario [1]135, 142, 144 Ontong Java Plateau [4]83; [5]7 Onyx River [1]27 Oosterschelde Dam [4]35 Optimistic Cave [5]121 Ưraefajưkull [2]166, 171 Orange Fish Tunnel [5]19 Orange Free State [3]91 Orange River [1]103; [3]92; [4]21; [5]17, 19 Oranjemund Mine [4]23 Orava Reservoir [4]189 Orchid Island [5]63 Ordino [1]16 Ore Mountains [2]33, 123-124 Øresund (Denmark) [2]36 Öresund (Sweden) [5]47, 49, 51 Öresund Strait (Sweden) [5]47, 51 Oriental Republic of Uruguay See Uruguay Oriente [1]93, 95; [2]55 Orinoco River [1]176; [5]157-160 Oriomo Plateau [4]87 Orkney Islands [5]129 Ưrnskưldsvik [5]48 Orontes River [5]59-60; [3]89 Oropouche Lagoon [5]90, 91 Osaka-Kyoto [3]42 Oshigambo River [4]20 Oslo Fjord [4]60 Ưster-Gưtland [5]49 Otago Harbour [4]37 Otavi Mountains [4]22 Oti River [5]83-85 Ottawa [1]137, 141 Ou River [3]82 Ouatchi Plateau [5]83, 85 Ouessant Island [2]103 Ouled Nail [1]14 Ouled Saïd [1]12 Outback [1]47, 53 Outer Banks [5]136 Outer Himalayas [2]177; [4]29 Outer Mongolia [3]168 Ovidio Diaz [4]81 Owen Falls [5]113, 116 Owen Stanley Range [4]84 Oxus River [1]4 Ozark Plateau [5]139 P Pacaraima Mountains [5]160 Pacific Ocean Argentina [1]33-39 Australia [1]44-53 Brunei [1]111-113 Canada [1]135-144 Chile [1]157-161 China [1]162-171 Colombia [1]172-179 Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography Indonesia [3]1-6 Japan [3]37-45 Kiribati [3]62-64 Korea, North [3]65-69 Korea, South [3]70-73 Laos [3]81-84 Malaysia [3]123-128 Marshall Islands [3]138-140 Mexico [3]149-154 Micronesia [3]155-159 Mongolia [3]165-168 Russia [4]128-138 Samoa [4]152-155 ailand [5]77-82 Pacific Ring of Fire [2]69; [4]105; [5]148 Pacific Tectonic Plate [2]69; [3]39; [4]83; [5]109-110, 148 Padma River [1]70 Pagadian Bay [4]102 Pagsanjan Gorge National Park [4]105 Paita Bay [4]94 Pakaraima Mountains [2]151-152 Pakistan [4]67-71 Palau [4]72-75 Palau Batu Putih [3]123, 125 Palawan Cave [4]104 Palestine [3]24-25, 49 Palisadoes Peninsula [3]35 Palk Bay [5]28 Palk Strait [2]174; [5]28 Palliser Bay [4]38 Palmer Archipelago [1]25 Palmyra Atoll [5]133 Palua Senga Besar [3]125 Pamlico Sounds [5]135 Pampas [1]33-34, 37, 39, 92, 109 Panama [4]76-81 Panama Canal [4]77-81 Pangalanes Canal [3]118 Pangani River [5]73, 75 Panjnad River [4]70 Pannonian Plain [2]20-21; [4]172, 174-175; [5]1-2 Pantanal National Park [1]108 Papaloapan River [3]152 Papua New Guinea [4]82-87 Papua New Guinea Highlands [4]87 Papuan Plateaus [4]83 Papuk Mountains [2]22 Pará River [1]107 Paracas Peninsula [4]95 Paracel Islands [1]165 Paradise Island [1]64 Paradise Islands [4]9 Paraguá River [1]92, 94 xcv C U M U L AT I V E I N D E X Paraguaná Peninsula [5]157 Paraguay [4]88-91 Paraguay River [1]36, 95, 108; [4]88-91 Paramaribo [5]39, 42 Paraná Plateau [4]88-89, 91 Paraná River [1]109-110 [4]88, 90 Parc Nacional Los Glaciares [1]37 Paria Peninsula [5]157, 159 Paria River [5]91 Paria Waterfall [5]91 Parida Island [4]78 Paris [2]102-106 Paris Basin [2]103-105 Pärnu Bay [2]82-83 Parry Channel [1]139 Parsippany [1]53 Pasig River [4]103 Patagonia [1]34, 36-39, 161 Pati Dams [1]39 Patuca Point [2]159 Paulo Afonso Falls [1]108 Paute River [2]65, 58 Peace River [1]144 Pearl Cays [4]44 Pearl Islands [4]78 Pearl Lagoons [4]44 Pearl River [1]166-167 Pedernales Peninsula [2]47 Pedirka Desert [1]51 Pedra Acu [1]109-110 Pedra Branca Island [3]123, 125 Pedras Tinhosas [4]159 Pedro Miguel Lock [4]81 Pegasus Bay [4]39 Pelican Cay National Park [1]63 Pemba Bay [4]9 Pemba Island [5]73 Penghu Archipelago [5]63 Peninsula de Azuero [4]78 Península Valdés [1]35 Pennine Alps [5]54, 128, 130 Pentecost Island [5]150 Pentecost Jump [5]150 Peri-Pannonian Plain [1]98; [2]20 Persian Gulf [1]2, 65-66; [4]119-120, 161-165; [5]61, 101, 123-124 Perth [1]45-46, 51 Peru [4]92-98 Peru Current [4]92, 94 Peru-Chile Trench [4]92, 94 Peruvian Andes [4]95 Peruvian Current [2]54-55 Pescadores Islands [1]165 [5]63 Peshawar Valley [4]71 Pessons Peak [1]16 Petera Muierii [4]126 xcvi Petera Urilor [4]126 Peter I Island [1]25; [4]57, 60 Petermann Range [1]52 Petit Martinique [2]135 Petit Piton [4]146 Petite Côte [4]167 Phae Muang Phi [5]81 Phangnga Bay [5]78-79 Philippine Islands See Philippines Philippine Sea [3]39; [4]72, 99; [5]63 Philippine Tectonic Plate [3]5; [4]104 Philippine Trough [4]99 Philippines, e [4]99-105 Phnom Penh [1]128-129; [5]163 Phoenix Islands [3]62 Pic de Cabaneta [1]16 Pic de Cataperdis [1]16 Pic de Coma Pedrosa [1]15-16 Pic de Nerassol [1]16 Pic de Serrera [1]16 Pic de Siguer [1]16 Pic de Tristaina [1]15-16 Pico Cristóbal Colón [1]172, 178 Pico de Cano [1]145, 147 Pico de Orizaba [3]149 Pico de Príncipe [4]160 Pico de São Tomé [4]159 Pico Duarte [2]45, 49 Pico Ojos [1]36 Pico Turquino [2]23, 26 Piduru Ridges [5]30 Pidurutalagala [5]27, 30 Piedmont [5]139 Piha Passage [5]87 Pik Lenina [5]69 Pik Pobedy [3]79 Pilcomayo River [1]95; [4]90-91 Pilis Mountains [2]165 Pillars of Hercules [5]22 Pindus Mountains [2]130, 133-134 Pingelap [3]157 Pink Lake [4]168 Pinta Island [2]55 Pirin Mountains [1]116-118 Pirin Sea [1]116 Pisco River [4]94-95 Pitcairn Islands [5]126 Piusa Glass Sand Caves [2]83 Pkurengel Komebail Lagoon [4]72 Plain of Jars [3]83-84 Plain of Judea [3]26 Plain of Sharon [3]26 Plata [1]35-36, 108; [5]141-143 Platano River [2]160-161 Plateau of Iran [3]13 Plateau of Tibet [1]163, 166, 170 Plateau of Yorubaland [4]55 Plateaus See rubric 12, Plateaus and Monoliths, in each country article Pleistocene Age [3]85, 104; [4]31 Plitvička Lakes [2]20-22 Po River [3]31 Pohnpei [3]155-157 Poiana Ruscăi Mountains [4]126 Point Barrow [5]136 Point Burica [4]78 Point Cosigüina [4]44 Point Gallinas [1]175 Point Gorda Bay [4]44 Point Malta [4]79 Point Marzo [1]175 Point Mono [4]44 Point Ninfas [1]35 Point Pedro [5]28 Point Salines [2]136 Point Solano [1]175 Point Tarifa [5]23 Point Xaafuun [5]11 Pointe-Noir [2]6 Poison-Dart Frogs [5]41-42 Poland [4]106-109 Polar Plateau [1]28 Polders [4]32, 34 Polesye Marshes [1]76; [5]118-119, 121 Polochic River [2]140, 141 Polotsk Lowland [1]75 Polynesia [2]92-94; [4]152-155 Pomeranian Bay [4]107 Pongo River [4]10 Pont Adolphe [3]110 Pont Victor Bodson [3]110 Ponta [4]110, 114 Pontic Mountains [5]102 Pontine Marshes [3]31 Popovo Lake [1]116 Popular Republic of Algeria See Algeria Population See Appendix C, Countries by Population, in each volume Port Antonio [3]34 Port Jabal [5]125 Port Launay [4]177 Port Lincoln [1]47 Port Louis Harbor [3]146 Port Moresby [4]82, 84-85, 87 Port Rashid [5]125 Port Royal Mountains [3]36 Port Sudan [5]34, 36 Port-au-Prince [2]154-156 Port-de-Paix [2]155-156 Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography C U M U L AT I V E I N D E X Port-Gentil [2]109 Portland Bight [3]34-35 Port-of-Spain [5]89, 91 Port-Vila [5]148 Pôrto Alegre [1]107 Porto Novo [1]87 Porto Santo [4]110 Portugal [4]110-114 Post River [3]147 Poste [3]147 Postojna Cave [5]3 Pot Lake [2]74 Potwar Plateau [4]71 Poyang Hu [1]166 Prague [2]33 Precambrian Shield [1]142-143 Prespa [3]112-113 Prespansko Jezero [1]7 Prime Meridian [5]110 Prince Edward Island [1]135; [5]16 Prince Rupert Bay [2]43 Princess Sirindhorn Wildlife Sanctuary [5]80 Príncipe Peak [4]160 Pripet [5]119 Pripyat River [1]76-77; [5]119, 121 Prokhodnoi Gorges [3]54 Provence Alps [2]104-106 Providence [4]35 Providencia [1]175 Prut River [3]159-160; [4]124, 127 Prydz Bay [1]26 Psunj Mountains [2]22 Puerto Lempira [2]159 Puerto Montt [1]158-159 Puerto Rico [4]115-118 Puerto Rico Trench [4]115 Puget Sound [5]135-136 Pujollyong Range [3]68 Pulau Muara Besar [1]112 Pulau Tekong Besar [4]185 Pulemelei Mound [4]154 Puná Island [2]55 Punjab Province [2]176 [4]67, 71 Punta Arenas [1]158 Punta Gorda [1]85 Punta Negra [4]95 Punta Patino [4]79 Punta Remedios [2]68 Puong Grotto [5]164 Purple Caves [5]26 Pushkin Pass [1]43 Puttalam Lagoon [5]28 Putumayo River [1]176; [2]56; [4]96 Pyramids [4]98; [5]37 Pyrenees Mountains [1]15-17; [2]100, 102-105; 5]21, 23, 25-26 Q Qaidam Basin [1]166 Qamr Bay [5]167 Qandahar [1]3 Qapshaghay [3]53 Qarat [3]100 Qarqannah Islands [5]94 Qatar [4]119-121 Qattara Depression [2]59, 63 Qiantang River [1]171 Qilian Shan [1]169 Qinghai Lake [1]166 Qinling Mountains [1]164, 166, 169 Qiongzhou Peninsula [1]165 Qoraqalpogh Autonomous Republic [5]144 Queen Charlotte Islands [1]138-139 Queen Charlotte Sound [1]139 Queen Elizabeth Archipelago [1]24, 139 Queen Maud Gulf [1]139 Quetta [4]68, 71 Qullai Ismoili Somoni [5]66, 69 R Rába River [2]163 Raczki Elblaskie [4]106 Radek Petrasek [2]33 Radika River [2]178; [3]114 Radobolja River [1]99 Ragay Gulf [4]101, 103 Ragay Hills [4]103 Ragged Point [1]73 Rajang River [3]4, 127 Rajasthan [2]176 Rara Lake [4]27 Ras Banâs [2]62 Ras Caseyr [5]11 Ras Deshen [2]85, 89 Ras Hafun [5]11 Rās Koh [4]71 Ras Tanura [4]163-165 Raul Mare River [4]127 Răut [3]160 Răut River [3]160 Rāzna [3]86 Recovery Glacier [1]28 Red Bridge [3]110 Red Desert [3]101 Red River [5]162-164 Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography Red Sea [1]12-13, 154; [3]25-26, 46-47, 99-100; [4]4 Red Volta River [1]119, 122; [2]127 Redang Archipelago [3]125 Redonda [1]30-31 Redondo Beach [1]64, 81, 113 Reef Islands [5]7 Reindeer Lake [1]141 Remedios Point [2]68 Rempert River [3]147 Reng Mountain [1]68, 70 Rennick Glacier [1]28 Reserva Biológic Indo-Maiz [4]45 Reserva Nacional de Paracas [4]94 Reserva Natural Miraflor [4]45 Reserva Pacaya Samiria [4]97 Restinga Lagoon [5]157 Réunion [2]100; [3]148 Reventazón River [2]12, 14 Revué River [4]10 Reykjanes [2]168, 170 Reykjavík [2]166-168 Rhaetian Alps [3]103; [5]54 Rhätikon Massif [3]103 Rhine River [1]55, 80; [2]120, 122; [3]102; [4]35; [5]54 Rhineland [2]121 Rhodope Mountains [1]115, 117; [2]130, 134 Rhon Mountains [2]123 Rhone Glacier [5]53 Rhone River [5]52-54 Rhône River Delta [2]100, 105 Ri Valley [1]123-124; [2]2-4, 77, 79, 86-90; [3]56; [5]62-63, 71-72, 74-75, 112-116 Riga [2]80-83; [3]85-87 Rigestan Desert [1]4-5 Riiser-Larsen Ice Shelves [1]26 Rila Mountains [1]116-117 Ring of Fire [2]69; [4]105; [5]148 Río Artibonito [2]48 Río Branco [1]105 Río Bravo [3]152 Río Chubut [1]36, 39 Río Colorado [1]36, 38 Río de Janeiro [1]105, 107, 109-110 Río Dulce [1]36 Río Frío [2]12 Río Grande [1]107, 109 [2]148 [3]152 [3]35-36 Río Grande de Arecibo [4]116 Río Grande de Loíza [4]116 Río Grande de Matagalpa [4]45 Río Grande de San Miguel [2]69 Rớo Iguaỗu [1]36 Rớo Lemopa [2]69 xcvii C U M U L AT I V E I N D E X Río Limay [1]36 Río Mbini [2]72 Río Motagua Valley [2]67 Río Muni [2]72, 74 Río Negro [1]33, 36, 39; [5]142-143 Río Neuquén [1]36 Río Nunez [2]144 Río Paraná [5]142 Río Reventazón [2]12 Río Salado [1]36 Río Santa [4]95 Río Tajo [5]23 Río Uruguay [5]142-143 Rioni River [2]115, 117 Ríos Atuel [1]36 Ríos Bermejo [1]36 Ríos Deseado [1]37 Ríos Primero [1]36 Ríos Yi [5]142 Riu Runer [1]15 Riu Valira [1]16 River Clyde [5]130 River Forth [5]130 River Liffey [3]22 River Tay [5]130 Rivers See rubric 7, Rivers and Waterfalls, in each country article See also Appendix J, Rivers over 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometers), in each volume Riviera of Flowers [1]7 Rivière Noire [3]147-148 Riyadh [4]165 Robben Island [5]16-17 Rock Islands [4]73-74 Rock of Gibraltar [5]22 Rockefeller Plateaus [1]28 Rockland [4]141, 147 Rocky Mountains [1]135, 138-139, 142; [3]152; [5]137-139 Rodna Mountains [4]126 Rodrigues Island [3]145-146 Roggeveld Mountains [5]17 Rogun Dam [5]69 Rokel River [4]181 Rôlas [4]158-159 Rold Forest [2]37 Rold Skov [2]37 Roman Caves [5]95 Romania [4]122-127 Rome [3]28m [5]96, 111, 152-153 Romsdals Fjord [4]60 Rondane Mountains [4]61 Rongelap [3]139 Roosevelt Island [1]25 Ropotamo River [1]116 xcviii Rosario [1]26, 36, 175 Roseau [2]43; [4]146-147 Ross Ice Shelf [1]22, 25 Ross Island [1]25, 28-29 Ross Sea [1]25-26; [4]36 Rothaar Hills [2]122 Roti Islands [3]3 Roussenski Lom River [1]118 Ruacana Falls [4]21 Rufiji River [5]72-73 Rügen [2]120 Ruggeller Riet [3]102 Rugusi River [1]124 Ruhnu Islands [2]83 Runer River [1]15 Rungwe Mountain [5]74 Ruo Gorge [3]121 Rupununi River [2]151-152 Rusizi River [1]123-124; [4]139 Russia [4]128-138 Russian Federation See Russia Ruvuma River [5]73 Ruwenzori Mountains [2]3, 5; [5]114-115 Ruzizi River [2]3; [4]140 Rwanda [4]139-141 Ryukyu Archipelago [3]38-40; [5]62 S Saaremaa Island [2]82; [3]86 Saba [4]31 Sabaragamuwa Ridges [5]30 Sabi [4]10; [5]176 Sacramento Mountains [5]138 Sacramento River [5]136 Sacred Mountains of China [1]171 Sado River [3]40; [4]112 Safata Bays [4]153 Sagara Swamp [5]72 Sahara Desert Algeria [1]10-14 Burkina Faso [1]119-122 Cameroon [1]130-134 Central African Republic [1]148-151 Chad [1]152-156 Congo (ROC) [2]6-9 Egypt [2]59-65 Eritrea [2]76-79 Ethiopia [2]85-91 Guinea-Bissau [2]146-149 Liberia [3]94-96 Libya [3]97-101 Mali [3]132-135 Mauritania [3]141-144 Morocco [4]1-6 Nigeria [4]51-56 Senegal [4]166-170 Sierra Leone [4]180-186 Sudan [5]32-38 Tanzania [5]70-76 Tunisia [5]93-96 Uganda [5]112-116 Zimbabwe [5]175-179 Saharan Atlas Mountains [1]12-14 Sahel [2]63, 146, 148; [3]100, 132, 134, 141; [4]4, 48, 53-54, 166, 169 Saimaa Canal [2]99 Saint Ana Lake [4]126 Saint Brandon [3]145-146 Saint Christopher See Saint Kitts Saint Elias Mountains [1]142 Saint Floris National Park [1]150 Saint Gall [3]102 Saint George [2]135, 136; [3]19; [5]129-130 Saint George Valley [1]72-73 Saint Giles Island [5]90 Saint Helena [2]74; [5]126 Saint Helena Bay [5]16 Saint Hilarion [2]29 Saint John [3]95 Saint Kitts and Nevis [4]142-144 Saint Lawrence Lowlands [1]137 Saint Lawrence River [1]141-142 Saint Louis [4]165 Saint Lucia [4]145-147 Saint Lucia Channel [4]145 Saint Martin [1]118, 125, 161; [2]113; [3]114; [3]69, 73; [4]105 Saint Martin [4]31 Saint Paul [1]74; [3]95-96; [4]103-104 Saint Paul River [3]95-96 Saint Paul Underground River [4]103 Saint Peter [5]152, 174 Saint Petersburg [4]129, 132, 134, 136, 138 Saint Pierre [2]100 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [4]148-151 Saint Vincent Passage [4]145, 149 Saint-Malo Gulf [2]103 Saipan Island [3]156 Sakhalin Island [3]39; [4]133, 137 Sal [1]146-147 Salamuma Beach [4]153 Salar de Uyuni [1]94-95 Saldanha Bay [5]16 Sale [4]25, 69 Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography C U M U L AT I V E I N D E X Salentine Peninsula [3]31 Salinas Chicas [1]33, 35 Saline Island [2]136 Saloum River [4]167-169 Salt Range [4]70 Salween [4]15, 17 Salzburg Alps [2]123 Samaná Peninsula [2]47 Samar Sea [4]100 Samaria [3]25-27 Samarkind [5]147 Samborombón Bay [1]34 Sambre River [1]80; [2]105 Sambrini Peak [2]5 Samina River [3]102 Samoa [4]152-155 San Andrés de Pisimbalá [1]179 San Bernadino Strait [4]101 San Blas Archipelago [4]78 San Carlos Plains [2]12 San Cristóbal [2]55; [4]46-47; [5]7 San Francisco Bay [5]136 San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge [5]139 San Jerónimo Mountains [1]178 San Jorge Gulf [1]34 San Juan Bay [4]116 San Juan River [2]12-13; [4]43, 45 San Lucas Mountains [1]178 San Luis Potosi [3]153 San Marino [4]156-157 San Marino River [4]156 San Matías Gulf [1]34-35 San Miguel de Tucumán [1]36, 39 San Miguel Volcano [2]69-70 San Pedro de Macorís [2]47 San Salvador Volcano [2]70 San San-Pond Sak [4]80 San Sebastian Fault [5]156 San Vicente Volcano [2]70 Sanaa [5]170 Sanaga River [1]133-134 Sandwich Bay [4]19 Sandy Bay [4]143 Sandy Point Bay [4]142 Sangha River [1]149; [2]8 Sannar Dam [5]38 Santa Ana Cave [2]14 Santa Ana Hills [5]142 Santa Ana Volcano [2]70 Santa Barbara Islands [5]136 Santa Carolina [4]9 Santa Catalina Canyon [5]160 Santa Catarina [1]107, 110, 175 Santa Cruz [1]37; [5]7 Santa Cruz Island [2]55; [5]7 Santa Elena Peninsula [2]55 Santa Isabel [5]7-8 Santa Isabel Peak [2]72, 75 Santa Luzia [1]146 Santa Maria [4]79, 94, 110, 113 Santa Maria Bay [3]136 Santa Maria de Galeri [5]152 Santa María Island [2]55 Santiago [1]157-158, 161; [2]25, 55-56 Santiago de Cuba [2]25 Santiago Island [2]55 Santo Antão [1]146 Santo António [4]159 Santo Domingo [2]47-49 Santos [1]107 São Din Canyon [5]81 São Francisco River [1]108, 110 São Jorge [4]110 São Miguel [4]110 São Nicolau [1]146 São Paulo [1]107 São Tiago [1]146, 147 São Tome and Principe [4]158-160 São Tomé Peak [4]158-159 São Vicente [1]146 Saona Island [2]46 Sapo Mountains [4]80 Sapta Kosi River [4]28 Sar [2]27 Sar Mountains [4]175 Šar Planina [3]113 Sara [1]29, 161; [5]40 Sarajevo [1]97-98, 100 Sarakana [5]149 Saramago [4]114 Saramati [2]177; [4]17 Sarandë [1]7 Sarangani Bay [4]102 Saratov Dam [4]138 Sarawak [1]111-112 Sarawak Chamber [3]128 Sarawat [4]86 Sardinia [3]28-30 Sareks National Park [5]48 Sarine [5]54 Sariqarnish Kuli [5]144 Saroma [3]41 Saronic Gulf [2]132 Sarrans [2]106 Sarstún River [2]140 Sasha Konechni [3]114 Saskatchewan [1]135, 141, 144 Sassandra [2]17-18 Sassandra River [2]17-18 Sata [3]45 Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography Satyrus [5]102 Saudi Arabia [4]161-165 Saurabh Das [2]109 Saut [2]156 Sava Bohinjka River [5]2 Sava Dolinka [5]2 Sava River [1]98; [2]21; [4]174; [5]2 Savai [4]152-154 Savannah [1]95, 119-121, 124-125, 133, 154; [2]9, 15, 18, 107, 112, 141, 144, 148-152, 176; [4]12, 18-19, 21-22, 45, 49, 54-56, 91; [5]12, 30, 33, 3637, 39, 44, 73, 82, 84, 114, 177 Save River [5]175 Savinja [5]2 Savu Sea [2]51; [3]3 Saw Myat [4]17 Sawākin [5]34 Sayan Mountains [4]137 Sayano-Shushensk Dam [4]138 Sazan [1]7 Scafell Pike [5]131 Scandinavia [2]34, 84; 4]59-61; [5]46, 50 Scandinavian Mountains [4]59 Scania [5]47 Sceberras Peninsula [3]137 Schaausen [5]55 Schelde River [1]80 Schemenauer [2]91; [3]14 Schiermonnikoog [4]33 Schleswig-Holstein [2]120 Schlossberg [2]124 Schofield [4]71 Schubert [5]26 Schwarz Mountains [4]22 Schwerin [2]120 Schwyz [5]55 Scotia Tectonic Plates [1]34 Scotland [2]171; [3]19 Scotts Head [2]43 Scylla [3]31 Sea Islands [5]22, 28, 135-136, 163 Sea of Azov [4]132, 134; 5]117-118, 120-121 Sea of Galilee [3]25, 27 Sea Inlets See, when applicable, rubric 5, Oceans and Seas, in each country article Sea of Japan [4]132 Sea of Marmara [1]12; [2]115; [3]99 Sea of Okhotsk [3]39; [4]132-133, 137 xcix C U M U L AT I V E I N D E X Seacoasts See Key Facts section of each country article (Coastline and Territorial Sea Limits); rubric 5, Oceans and Seas, in each country article Seas See rubric 5, Oceans and Seas, in each country article Sebei District [5]115 Sebkha de Ndrhamcha [3]141 Sebkha Tah [4]1 Sebou [4]4 Sechura Bay [4]94 Sechura Desert [4]94, 97 Seenu [3]130 Sefidrood [3]11 Segovia Highlands [5]160 Segundo [1]36 Seikan Submarine Tunnel [3]45 Seiland [4]62 Seine River [2]103-104, 106 Selenge River [3]167 Seletar [4]185 Selja Gorge [5]95 Selle [2]154, 156-157 Selva [4]92, 94, 97 Selvagens [4]110 Selvon [3]148 Selwyn [1]142 Seman [1]7 Semberong Dam [3]128 Semiarid [4]1, 3, 5, 89, 113 Semliki River [2]3 Semmering Pass [1]56 Sendall Tunnel [2]136 Senegal [4]166-171 Senegal River [2]109, 113; [3]142-144; [4]167-170 Senik Bridges [3]90 Senja [4]59 Senqunyane [3]92 Seoul [3]71 Sepik River [4]84-85 Serakhis [2]29 Serangoon [4]185 Serbia and Montenegro [4]171-175 Serekunda [2]112 Serengeti Plain [5]74 Seretar [4]185 Sergipe [1]108 Serpents Island [3]146 Serra [1]107, 109-110 [4]111-112, 114 Serra de Caldeirao [4]112 Serra de Monchique [4]112 Serra Geral [1]110 Serrana [1]175 c Serranớa de Baudú [1]178 Serranilla [1]175 Serre-Ponỗon [2]106 Serrera Peak [1]16 Serrianía de Tabasará [4]80 Sese Archipelago [5]113 Šešupė [3]106 Sete Quedas [1]110 Seven Hills [2]122 Seven Summits [3]5 Seven Wonders [2]65; [5]100, 102 Seven Wonders of the Ancient World See Appendix N in each volume Seven Wonders of the Natural World See Appendix O in each volume Severn [1]141 Severn River [5]130 Severnaya Zemlya [4]129, 133 Sevier Lake [5]136 Seville [5]24 Sewa [4]181 Seward Peninsula [4]135-136; [5]135 Seychelles [4]176-179 Seyhan [5]101 Sezar River Gorges [3]13 Shabeelle [2]88; [5]11-12 Shackleton Ice Shelf [1]26 Shadegan [3]10 Shag Island [1]46 Shāhbāzpur [1]69 Shamal [5]123 Shambhala [1]91, 129 Shan [3]20, 51, 53-54, 78-79; [4]15 Shan Plateau [4]14-17 Shandong Peninsula [1]165 Shanghai [1]165-166, 169 Shanidar Cave [3]18 Shanidar Valley [3]18 Shannon River [3]20 Shaori [2]117 Shari [1]154 Shashe River [1]101 Shatt [3]16-17; [4]162 Shawna Scherbarth [3]21 Shaykh [5]61 Sheb [4]55 Shebshi Mountains [4]55 Sheehan [3]161 Sheik Sof Omar [2]90 Shelikhova Bay [4]132 Sherbro Island [4]181 Sherbro River [4]181 Sherbro Strait [4]181 Sherer [1]9 Shetland Islands [5]129 Shey-Phoksumdo National Park [4]29 Shiga Highlands [3]44 Shih Men Reservoir [5]65 Shikoku [3]37-39, 41, 44 Shikotan [3]40 Shilka [4]135 Shinano [3]41 Shiragami [3]41 Shire Plateau [3]121 Shire River [3]119-120 Shiretoko-Masakai [3]41 Shiroito Plateau [3]44 Shiroito Plateau of Kyūshū [3]44 Shishkhed [3]167 Shiva [5]174 Shkumbin [1]7 Shoals [5]124 Shortland Islands [5]6-7 Shrinivasan [2]178 Si-Piso Piso [3]4 Siachen Glacier [2]172 Siam Mapped [5]82 Sianok Canyon [3]5 Sibuguey [4]102 Sibun River [1]84 Sibuyan Sea [4]100 Sicilian Channel [3]30 Sicily [2]27; [3]136 Sicker [3]49 Sico [2]160 Sicre [2]160 Sidi Ali [4]4 Sidipan [3]123, 125 Sierpe [5]90 Sierra de Bahoruco [2]156 Sierra de Baoruco [2]49 Sierra de Chama [2]141 Sierra de Chuacús [2]141 Sierra de Guara Canyons [5]26 Sierra de Luquillo [4]117 Sierra de Martin Gar [2]49 Sierra de Neiba [2]48-49, 156 Sierra de Nicaro [2]26 Sierra de Nipe [2]26 Sierra de San Luis [5]159 Sierra de Sancti Spíritus [2]26 Sierra de Santa Cruz [2]141 Sierra de Trin [2]26 Sierra Leone [4]180-183 Sierra Leone Peninsula [4]180-182 Sierra Leone River [4]181 Sierra Lihuel-Calel [1]39 Sierra Madre [2]70, 140-141; [3]150, 152-154; [4]104 Sierra Madre de Chiapas [3]153 Sierra Madre Occidental [3]152-153 Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography C U M U L AT I V E I N D E X Sierra Madre Oriental [3]152 Sierra Maestra [2]26 Sierra Maigualida [5]160 Sierra Morena [5]24-26 Sierra Nevada [3]152; [5]24-25, 138-139 Sierra Nevada de Cocuy Mountain Range [1]175 Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta [1]178 Sierra Parima [5]160 Sierra Volcanica Transversal [3]152 Sigatoka [2]93 Sighisoara [4]127 Signal de Botrange [1]80 Siguer Peak [1]16 Siham [5]168 Sikhote-Alin [4]137 Sikkim [2]177 Silesia [2]31-32 Silk Road of China [1]165, 170; [2]177; [3]13 Sillery [1]151 Sillitoe [4]87 Sim Gang Glacier [4]70 Simbo [5]7 Simien Mountains [2]86, 90 Similian [5]78 Simkin [2]5 Simonis [5]26 Simplon Pass [5]55 Simpson Desert [1]50 Sinai Peninsula [2]59-62, 64; [3]47 Sinaloa Falls [4]153 Sind [4]70-71 Siné [4]167, 169 Siné River [4]169 Siné-Saloum River [4]169 Singapore [4]184-186 Singapore River [4]185 Singapore Strait [4]184 Singkarak [3]3 Sinharaja [5]29-30 Sinn [5]59 Sint Maarten [4]31 Sinú River [1]179 Sinuiju [3]67 Sió River [2]164 Sioma [5]173 Sioni [2]117 Sipadan [3]1 Sipaliwini [5]40 Siple [1]25 Sira [4]60 Sirdaryo [5]68 Siret [4]125 Siri [3]164 Sirikit [5]82 Sirwa [4]5 Sisangan National Park [3]10 Sistema Ibérico [5]25 Sistema Penibético [5]25 Sistine Chapel [5]25, 153 Sistine Chapel of Paleolithic Art [5]25 Sitrah [1]66 Sittang River [4]13-15 Sittoung [4]15 Sivash Lagoon [5]119 Siviri [5]150 Siwa Oasis [2]63 Siwalik [1]90; [4]27-29 Siwi [5]149 Sjælland [2]36-38 Sjælland Island [2]37 Skadar [4]173 Skadarsko Jezero [1]7 Skaga Fjord [2]168 Skagaördhur [2]167 Skagerrak [2]35; [4]59-60; [5]47, 49 Skåne [5]47, 50 Skäne [5]49 Skeleton Coast [4]20, 23 Skellee [5]49 Skelleeå [5]48 Skelton Glacier [1]27-28 Skikda [1]13 Skinner [1]122 Skjaergard [4]59 Skjaldbreidhur [2]170 Skjálfanda [2]169 Skjálfandafljót [2]169 Skjern [2]37 Skógá [2]169 Skógafoss [2]169 Skopje [3]111-112 Slaettaratindur [2]34, 36 Slater [4]12 Slav Shadowlands [1]77 Slave Port of Dakar [2]113 Slavonia [2]21 Sligo [3]20-22 Slovak Ore [4]189 Slovakia [4]187-190 Slovenia [5]1-4 Slovenské Rudohrie [4]189 Småland [5]47, 50 Småland Sound [2]36 Smallwood Reservoir [1]141 Smith Sound [1]139 Snake River [5]137, 139 Sneek Lake [4]33 Snezhanka [1]117 Snohetta [4]62 Snow Lake [4]70 Snow Leopard [4]29-30 Soa [4]181 Sobaek Mountains [3]71-72 Sobradinho [1]107, 110 Sobradinho Dam [1]110 Socotra [5]167, 170 Soden [1]133 Sodom Cave [3]27 Sodwana Bay [5]15-16 Soela Strait [2]82 Sof Omar [2]90 Sofala Bay [4]9, 11 Sofia [1]116 Sogeri Plateau [4]87 Sognaorden [4]60 Sogne Fjord [4]60 Soira [2]76 Sojoson Bay [3]66 Sokoto [4]54 Sol [5]23 Sola [5]148 Soldeu [1]16 Solent [5]129 Solentiname Archipelago [4]44 Solomon Islands [5]5-8 Solomon Sea [4]83-84; [5]6 Solomons [5]5, Solway Firth [5]130 Solyst [4]6 Somali Peninsula [2]90 Somali Plateau [2]88, 90; [5]13 Somalia [5]9-13 Somalian Tectonic Plates [2]79; 3]59; [4]11; [5]75 Somaliland [5]9 Some River [4]124 Somjin River [3]71 Somme [2]104 Somosomo Straits [2]93 Somuncurá Plateau [1]39 Son [4]127 Song Hau Giang [5]163 Song Lo [5]163 Song-Kul [3]78 Songea [5]73 Sonmiani Bay [4]69 Sonoran Desert [3]149; 5]137 Sonsorol [4]73 Sophala [4]10 Sorlandet [4]59 Sorsogon Peninsula [4]101 Sõrve Peninsula [2]82 Sota [1]87 Sotavento [1]145-146 Souanke [2]6 Soufrière [4]146, 148-150 Soufrière Bay [4]146 Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography ci C U M U L AT I V E I N D E X Souillac [3]146 Soun-kyo Gorge [3]44 Sourou [1]119, 122 South Africa [5]14-19 South African Plateau [5]43, 45 South America Bolivia [1]92 Brazil [1]107 Colombia [1]172 Ecuador [2]54-55 El Salvador [2]69 Guyana [2]150 Mexico [3]149 Surinam [5]39, 41-42 Trinidad and Tobago [5]89 Uruguay [5]143 Venezuela [5]155-156, 160 South American Tectonic Plate [1]107, 174; [2]55; [4]77, 94; [5]40, 90, 156 South China [1]111-112, 128, 162, 164-165, 167-168 South China Sea [3]1-4, 123-126; [4]184; [4]99-100; [5]63, 78, 80, 162-163 South Friar [4]143 South Georgia [1]25, 33; [5]126 South Hātia [1]69 South Magnetic Pole [1]24, 143 South Malé Atoll [3]130 South Malosmadulu Atolls [3]130 South Negril Point [3]36 South Orkney Islands [1]25 South Ossetia [2]115 South Pacific Ocean [1]158; [2]92; [4]36, 38, 82, 152, 155; [5]5-6, 8, 86-87, 109, 148-149 South Point [1]73 South Poles [1]22, 24 South Sandwich Islands [1]25, 33; [5]126 South Saskatchewan [1]141 South Shetland Islands [1]25 South Taranaki Bights [4]38 South Yaque [2]48-49 South Yarra [5]8 Southeast Asia [1]112, 126; [3]1, 81, 123, 126; [4]13, 184; [5]77, 80, 162 Soviet Union [1]1-2, 5, 77; [2]96, 121; [3]54, 77; [4]133; [5]147 Sōya Strait [3]39, 41 Soyang [3]73 Soyang River [3]71, 73 Spain [5]20-27 Spanish Pyrenees [5]26 Spencer Gulf [1]47 cii Sperkhiós [2]133 Spice Islands [1]39 Spiral Tunnels [1]144 Spitzbergen [4]59 Spratly Islands [1]111, 165; [3]123, 125 Sprøgo [2]38 Sredinnyy [4]137 Sredna Gora [1]117 Sredna Mountains [1]117 Sri Lanka [5]27-31 Srinakarin [5]82 Stafanshellir [2]171 Standing [2]65 Stanovoy Mountains [4]137 Star Mountains [4]84, 87 Stara Planina [1]117 Stark [3]18 [5]170 Starnberger See [2]120 Stellaerts [2]22 Stergen [4]35 Stevn Cliff [2]36 Stewart Island [4]38-39 Stint [4]31 Stockholm [5]47-48, 51 Stokks Point [2]168 Stonehenge [3]137 Stones of Kiribati [3]64 Stony Tunguska [4]135 Storå [2]37 Storavan [5]49 Store [2]36 Storey [5]65 Storsjön [5]48 Strait of Dover [5]129-130, 132 Strait of Georgia [1]139 Strait of Gibraltar [1]12; [2]61; [3]99; [4]3; [5]22-23, 99 Strait of Hormuz [1]66; [3]9-10, 74; [4]63-64, 162-163; [5]124 Strait of Johore [3]125 Strait of Juan de Fuca [5]135 Strait of Jūbāl [2]61 Strait of Le Maire [1]35 Strait of Magellan [1]34, 39, 157-159, 161 Strait of Malacca [3]2, 125, 127; [4]184; [5]78 Strait of Mandab [2]40, 77; [5]167 Strait of Messina [3]30-31 Strait of Otranto [1]6-7; [3]30 Straits See, when applicable, rubric 5, Oceans and Seas, in each country article Straits of Florida [1]63; [2]24; [5]135 Stralsund [2]120 Streissguth [1]61 Strickland River [4]84 Strokkur [2]168-169 Stromboli [3]30, 33 Strumica [3]112 Strzelecki Desert [1]51 Sturt Stony Desert [1]51 Styria [1]55-56 Subcarpathians [4]126-127 Subtelny [5]122 Sudan [5]32-38 Sudan Desert [1]154 Sudd [5]35, 38 Sudeten Mountains [4]108-109 Sudety [4]109 Suez Canal [1]12; [2]61-62, 65, 77; [3]99; [4]161; [5]11, 22, 34, 99, 167 Suir [3]20 Sukur [4]54 Sul [1]21, 107, 109 Sula Islands [3]3 Sulawesi [4]100 Sultan Abu Bakar Dam [3]128 Sultanate of Oman [4]63, 66 Sulu Archipelago [4]101 Sulu Sea [3]124-125; [4]100 Sumatra [3]3; [5]78 Šumava Mountains [2]32 Sumba [3]2-4 Sumbawa [3]2-4 Sumpul [2]160 Sun Coast [5]23 Sun Lake [5]63 Sun Moon Lake [5]63 Sunda [3]2-4 Sunda Islands [3]3-4 Sunda Strait [3]2 Sundarbans [1]69; [2]176 Sundays River [5]19 Sundiata [2]145 Sundukli Desert [5]107 Suomenselka [2]97 Suomi [2]97 Surakh Reis [3]13 SURALCO [5]42 Suram Mountains [2]114, 116 Suram Range [2]117 Surdud [5]168 Sûre River [3]109-110 Surigao Peninsula [4]102 Surigao Strait [4]101 Suriname [5]39-42 Suriname River [5]41 Surkohb [5]68 Surma [1]70 Surrey [3]135 Surtsey [2]168 Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography C U M U L AT I V E I N D E X Surtshellir Cave [2]171 Sutjeska National Park [1]99 Sutlej [2]176 Sutlej River [4]70 Suur Munamägi [2]83 Suur Munamāgi [2]80 Suva [2]93 Suvadiva Atoll [3]130 Suwa [3]44 Svalbard Archipelago [4]57, 59 Svarthammergrotta [4]61 Svat Soucek [3]14 Svealand [5]47, 49-50 Svinoy [1]59 Swabian Alb [2]122 Swakop River [4]21, 23 Swakopmund [4]20-22 Swakopport Dams [4]23 Swan Islands [2]159 Swaziland [5]43-45 Sweden [5]46-51 Swiss Alps [5]53-54 Swiss Confederation [5]52 Swiss Jura [5]55 Switzerland [5]52-56 Switzerland of Africa [3]92 Sydero [2]36 Sydney [1]46, 129; [2]92; [3]148; [3]62; [5]151 Sykes [3]61 Sylhet [1]70 Syncrude Tailings Dam [1]144 Syr [5]66, 68, 145-146 Syr Dar [5]66, 145-146 Syr Darya [3]53-54, 78 Syr River [5]68 Syria [5]57-61 Syrian Arab Republic See Syria Syrian Desert [3]15, 17, 47; [4]165; [5]60-61 Szczecin [4]106, 108 T Taabo Lake [2]17 Tabecheding River [4]73 Tabiteuea [3]62 Tablas [4]103, 105 Table Mountain [5]17-18 Taborsko Jama [5]4 Tabuaeran Island [3]62-63 Tabubil Plateau [4]87 Tacarigua Lagoon [5]157 Tachira [5]159 Tacitus [4]109 Taedong Bay [3]66 Tafara [2]52 Tagimaucia River [2]94 Taglar [1]61 Tagus River [4]111, 113-114; [5]26 Tahan River [5]65 Tahiti [3]62 Tahtali [5]102 Taï National Park [2]18 Tai Shan [1]165 Taieri [4]39 Taipei [5]63, 65 Taita Hills [3]60 Taiwan [5]62-65 Taiwan Strait [1]165; [5]63 Tajikistan [5]66-69 Tajo [4]113 Tajumulco Volcano [2]138, 141 Takachihokyo Plateau [3]44 Taklimakan Desert [1]167 Talak [4]49 Talar Cave [3]13 Talas [3]78 Talcahuano [1]159 Talgua Cave [2]161 Tallest Mountains See Key Features in each article, and Appendix H, Mountains by Height, in each volume Tallest Waterfalls See Appendix K Waterfalls by Height, in each volume Tallest Volcanoes See Appendix I, Volcanoes by Height, in each volume Talysh Mountains [1]61 Tamaki Isthmus [4]38 Tamana [3]62 Tamandua [2]70 Tamarin [3]146-147 Tamil Nadu [2]178 Tamua [4]155 Tana River [3]57-58; [4]60 Tanah Air Kitah [3]2 Tanah Karo [3]6 Tanami [1]50 Tanamy [1]50 Tanda [3]134 Tandano [3]3 Tandil [1]39 Tanen [5]81 Tanezrou [3]134 Tang Dynasties [1]170 Tanga [5]72-73 Tanganyika [2]3-5; [5]72-73, 75, 172-173 Tanggula Mountains [1]169 Tangier [4]3 Tanimbar Islands [3]3 Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography Tanis [5]161 Tanna [5]148, 150-151 Tannis Bays [2]36 Tannur Dam [3]49 Tano River [2]97, 128 Tanshui River [5]63 Tanter [2]53 Tanzania [5]70-76 Taor [3]114 Taormina [3]28 Taoud [3]134 Taoué [4]168 Tapanahoni [5]40 Tāpi [2]176 Tāpi River [2]176 Tara River [1]99; [4]175 Tarai Plain [4]26-28 Taranaki [4]38, 40 Tararua [4]40 Tarawa [3]62 Tarbela Dam [4]71 Tarim Basin [1]167-168, 170 Tarn [2]104 Tarrytown [5]76 Tartu [2]83 Tarum [3]4 Tarut Island [4]163-164 Tarvis Pass [3]32 Tashkent [5]146 Tasht Lake [3]11 Tasik Bera [3]126 Tasman Bay [4]39 Tasman Glacier [4]40 Tasman Sea [1]47; [4]38-39 Tasmania Island [1]47 Tatamailau [2]51-52 Tatar Strait [4]132 Tatra Mountains [4]108-109 Tatra National Park [4]189 Tatun Shan [5]64 Taunus Mountains [2]122; [5]98, 100-102 Tavera [2]50 Taveuni [2]93-94 Tawan Bogdo [3]168 Tawi-Tawi [4]101 Tawkar [5]35 Taxila [4]71 Tay [5]129-130, 163 Tayabas Bay [4]101 Taylor Valley [1]28 Taymyr Peninsula [4]133 Taza Depression [4]5 Tbilisi [2]115, 117 Tchigaï Plateaus [4]50 Tebicuary River [4]91 Tegucigalpa [2]160 ciii C U M U L AT I V E I N D E X Tehran [3]12-13 Teide Peak [5]20, 23 Teiga Plateau [5]35, 38 Tejen [5]107 Tejo [4]113 Tekeze River [2]88 Tel Aviv [3]23, 26; [4]121 Teli [3]133 Telica [4]45-47 Tell Atlas Mountains [1]14 Temburong District [1]111-112 Temburong River [1]112 Temenggong Dam [3]128 Temengor [3]126 Temple of Artemis [5]100 Tempurung Cave [3]128 Tena Kourou [1]119, 121 Tenasserim [4]15 Ténéré Desert [4]49 Tenerife [5]20, 23 Tengger Mountains [3]5 Tengiz [3]52 Tensi [4]4 Tenu [2]97 Tepemechín River [2]160 Terai [2]176 Teraina [3]62-63 Teraja [1]112 Terceira [4]110 Terrie [4]127 Terschelling [4]33 Tesiyn [3]167 Tessa [5]143 Texel [4]33 Teyq Cave [4]65 aba Bosiu [3]92 acian Plain [1]114 ailand [5]77-82 al Desert [4]70 ale Sap Songkla [5]79-80 aman [5]111 ames [3]22; [4]121; [5]130 anlwin [4]15, 17 aphanseik Dam [4]17 ar Desert [2]174, 176, 178; [4]70 ar Desert National Park [2]176 éodore Géricault [3]144 eroux [4]87 essaloníki [2]130, 132 essaly [2]130, 133-134 ia-Eng [1]113 iès [4]167, 169 imphu [1]89 ingvallavatn [2]168 istil Fjord [2]168 iu Khao Phetchabun [5]81 jórsárver [2]169 civ ong Hai Hin [3]83 ongchai [5]82 or [3]131 ousand Foot Falls [1]84 ousand Hills Plateau [3]6; [4]140-141 race [2]133; [5]98, 100-101 racian Plain [1]116-118; [2]132 ree Eyes of Water [2]49 ree Gorges Dam [1]169, 171 ubron [2]30 üringer Wald [2]122 Tian Shan Mountains [1]166, 169170; [5]69, 146 Tianchi Lake [1]166 Tianjin [1]167 Tibar [2]52 Tibati [1]134 Tiber River [3]31; [5]152 Tibesti Massif [1]153, 155; [3]100 Tibesti Mountains [4]50 Tibet [1]70, 89, 163, 166, 169-170; [4]26, 28-29; [5]163 Tibetan Himalayas [2]175; [4]70 Tiburon Peninsula [2]154-155 Ticino [5]52, 54 Ticino River Valleys [5]54 Tidghine [4]5 Tierra [4]94, 98 Tierradentro [1]179 Tigalmamine [4]3 Tiger Leaping [1]169 Tigre [2]56; [4]96 Tigris River [3]17-18; [5]59-61, 101, 103, 166, 169 Tihamah Plain [4]162, 164 Tikal National Park [2]141 Tikopia [5]7 Tiladummati Atoll [3]129 Tilicho [4]27 Timah Tasoh Dam [3]128 Timbué Point [4]9 Timbuktu [3]135 Timi [4]125 Timor [2]51-53; [3]1-4 Timor, East See East Timor Timor Gap [2]52 Timor Island [2]51 Timor Sea [1]47; [2]51 Timor Trough [3]2 Tin Whistle [3]22 Tinaca Point [4]102 Tinerhir [4]5 Tinhosa Grande [4]159 Tinhosa Peqeuna [4]159 Tioman Island [3]125 Tipas [1]38 Tipitapa River [4]45 Tipperary [3]21 Tirari Desert [1]51 Tirgard Gorge [1]117 Tisa River [4]174 Tisma Lagoon [4]45 Tissa [5]31 Tisza River [2]162-164; [4]125; [5]121 Titicaca [4]94-96, 98 Titiwangsa Range [3]126-127 Tlemcen [1]14 Toba [3]3-4 Toba Kakar Range [4]70-71 Tobago [1]72 Tobago Basin [4]149 Tobin [3]140 Tobol [3]52 Tobruk [3]99 Todoroki River [3]44 Todra Gorge [4]4-5 Tofua [5]86-87 Toghobeit Cave [4]5 Togo [5]83-88 Togo Mountains [1]87; [5]83-85 Tohoku [3]39 Tokachi Plains [3]39, 42 Tokai [3]39 Tokelau [4]36 Tokyo [3]41-42, 44-45 Tokyo Bay [3]41, 45 Tokyo-Yokohama [3]39 Toledo Mountains [5]26 Toliara [3]117 Toliman [2]140 Toltén [1]160 Tomás de Bertanga [2]58 Tombeau Bay [3]146 Tomboucou [3]135 Tomini Gulf [3]3 Tone [3]41, 44 Tone River [3]44 Tonga [5]86-88 Tonga Trench [5]87 Tongatapu [5]86-88 Tongjin River [3]71 Tongjoson Bay [3]66 Tongno River [3]69 Tongoa [5]148 Tongsa River [1]90 Tonle Basak River [1]128 Tonle Sap River [1]126-128 Tono River [2]52 Toranipata [4]94 Torkulla Kyrka [5]50 Torn Träsk [5]48 Torne [5]49 Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography C U M U L AT I V E I N D E X Torneå [2]97 Torngat Mountains [1]142-143 Tornio [2]97 Toro Archipelago [4]77-78, 80 Torojaland [3]4 Toronto [3]169, 5]122 Toros Dağlari [5]102 Torres Islands [5]148 Torres Strait [3]1 [4]83 Torsa Chhu [1]90 Tortuga [2]155 Tosa Bay [3]41 Tosan [3]39 Totowa [2]137 Towell [2]71 Tower Bridge [5]132 Trafalgar Falls [2]44 Trans Alai Range [3]79; [5]67, 69 Transantarctic Mountains [1]24, 28 Transcaucasia Region [1]60 Transcaucasus [1]61 Transdanubia [2]162, 165 Transvaal Basin [5]18 Transverse Volcanic Range [3]150, 152 Transylvania [4]122-123, 126-127 Transylvanian Alps [4]123-124, 126-127, 175 Trás-os-Montes [4]111-112, 114 Traunsee [1]55 Treasure Island [4]155 Trelawney [3]36 Tribuzheni [3]160 Trincomalee [5]28 Trinidad and Tobago [5]89-92 Trinity Hills [5]92 Tripoli [3]99 Tripolitania [3]98-99, 101 Tripp [3]18 Tripura Hills of India [1]70 Tristaina Lakes [1]15 Tristaina Peak [1]15-16 Trobriand Group [4]84 Trobriand Islands [4]82-83, 87 Trollhättan Falls [5]49 Trøndelag [4]59 Trondheim Depression [4]61 Trondheim Fjord [4]59-60 Troodos [2]27, 29 Troodos Mountains [2]27, 29 Tropic of Cancer [1]62, 152; [3]148149, 152, 157; [4]51, 56, 75, 88; [5]8, 109, 149 Tropic of Capricorn [3]115, 148; [4]56, 88 Tropics [4]51, 56 Trujillo [4]98 Truk [3]155-157 Truk Lagoon [3]156-157 Truong Son Mountains [5]164 Trziska Bistrica [5]2 Tsara [3]118 Tsaratanana Massif [3]118 Tsavo National Parks [3]61 Tsiribihina [3]117 Tsisat Falls [2]88 Tsodilo Hills [1]101, 103 Tsugaru Strait [3]39, 45 Tsujunkyo Bridge [3]44 Tsushima [3]40 Tuareg [3]135 Tubbataha Reefs National Marine Park [4]103 Tucuruí [1]107, 110 Tucuruí Dam [1]110 Tucuxi [4]44 Tugela River [3]92 Tuira [4]79 Tulipomania [4]35 Tumaco Bay [1]175 Tumba [2]4 Tumen River [1]167 [3]67 Tumuc-Humac Mountains [5]41 Tundzha [1]116 Tuni [5]93 Tunis [5]93-94, 96 Tunisia [5]93-96 Tunnel de Légionnaire [4]5 Tunuyán [1]36 Turabo Valley [4]116 Turan [5]105, 107 Turan Lowlands [5]105 Turan Steppe [3]54 Turatao [5]79 Turba [5]167 Turco [3]93 Turgen Gorge [3]54 Turkey [5]97-104 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus [2]30 Turkmenistan [5]105-108 Turku [2]96 Turku Archipelago [2]96 Turkwel [3]57 Turneffe Islands [1]83 Turpan Pendi [1]162 Turrialba [2]14 Turtle Islands [4]181 Tuscan [3]30-31 Tuscan Archipelago [3]30 Tuscany [3]30-32 Tutong [1]112 Tutong District [1]112 Tutong River [1]112 Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography Tutsi [4]141 Tutuala Beach [2]52 Tuul [3]167 Tuvalu [5]109-111 Tuwayq Mountains [4]162, 165 Tuy River [5]159 Tuz Gölü [4]100-101 Twelve Apostles [1]48 Two Foot Bay [1]31 Twyfelfontein [4]22 Tykarps Cave [5]50 Tykarpsgrottan [5]50 Tyne [3]90; [5]130 Tyr [3]30 Tyre [3]89 Tyrol [1]54, 57 Tyrrhenian Sea [3]30 U Ubangi River [1]148-150; [2]7 Uberaba [1]94 Ubundu [2]4 Ucayali [4]96 Uchali [4]70 Uchi-numa [3]41 Uchira Bay [3]41 Uddjaur [5]49 Udeid [4]120 Udi [4]55 Udo [4]56 Uele [1]149 Ufipa Plateau [5]75 Ugab [4]20-21, 23 Ugab River [4]20, 23 Uganda [5]112-116 Uganda Tourist Board [5]116 Ügrüp [5]103 Uiam [3]71, 73 Uiam Dam [3]73 Uinta [5]138 Ujelang Atolls [3]139 Ukerewe [5]113 Ukraine [5]117-122 Ulaanbaatar [3]167 Ulcinj [4]173 Uldz [3]167 Ulithi [3]157 Ullung Island [3]71 Ullung-do [3]71 Ulu Dağ [4]102 Ulúa [2]160 Ulúa River [2]160 Ulubat [5]100 Uluguru Mountains [5]72, 74 Ulungur [1]167 Uluru (Ayers Rock) [1]52-53 cv C U M U L AT I V E I N D E X Umbardepe Canyon [5]107 Umboi Islands [4]84 Umbria [4]157 Umi-hotaru [3]45 Umm [1]66 [5]123 Umm Said [4]120-121 Umvukwe Range [5]177 Unac River [1]97 Unare River [5]159 Undersea Features See, when applicable, rubric 5, Oceans and Seas, in each country article UNESCO World Heritage Site Argentina [1]35, 39 Bulgaria [1]118 China [1]170 Colombia [1]179 Côte d’Ivoire [2]18, 22 El Salvador [2]70 Ethiopia [2]91 Germany [2]124 Malaysia [3]128 Mozambique [4]9 Panama [4]79 Philippines [4]103 Senegal [4]170 Seychelles [4]177 Spain [5]26 Sri Lanka [5]29-30 Surinam [5]41 Sweden [5]48, 51 Turkey [5]103 Uganda [5]115 Ukraine [5]121 Ungama Bay [3]57 Union Island [4]149-150 United Arab Emirates [5]123-125 United Kingdom [5]126-132 United States of America [5]133-140 Untamboni River [2]74 Upemba [2]4-5 Uplistsikhe [2]116 Upolu Island [4]153 Upp [5]49 Upsala Glacier [1]37 Ural Mountains [2]122; [3]51, 53; [4]129, 134-135 Ural River [3]53; [4]134 Ureka [2]72 Urmia [3]10-11 Uros [4]94 Urrá Multipurpose Dam Project [1]179 Urt [5]147 Urubamba River [4]95-96 cvi Uruguay [5]141-143 Uruguay River [1]36 Urukthapel [4]73 Ürümqi [1]166 Usam [5]73 Usma [3]86 Ussuri River [4]135 Ust-Ilim Dam [4]138 Ust-Urt [5]107-108 Ustyurt [3]54; [5]108, 147 Usululi [2]52 Usumacinta River [2]140 Utamboni [2]74 Utila [2]159 Utma [5]170 Utonai-ko [3]41 Utupua [5]7 Uva Basin [5]29-30 Uvs Lake [3]166 Uwe [5]161 Uys Lake [3]166 Uzaym [3]17 Uzbekistan [5]144-147 Uzun-Aral Strait [3]52 V Vaal River [5]17 Vaalserberg [4]31, 34 Vaasa [2]96 Vache Island [2]154-155 Vacoas [3]147 Vaduz [3]103 Vago [2]36 Váh River [4]188 Vailima [4]155 Vaitilingham [1]32 Vaitupu [5]110 Vakhsh River [5]68-69 Vakuta [4]84 Valais [5]55 Valdai Hills [4]136 Valdés Peninsula [1]35 Valeafau Cave [5]150 Valentina [3]114 Valira River [1]16 Vallée de Mai [4]177 Valles [1]96 Valletta [3]137 Valley of Heaven [5]44 Valley of Jezreel [3]26 Valley of Peace [3]103 Valley of Roses [1]117 Valparaíso [1]159, 161 Vals Bay [5]16 Van Asch-Van Wijck Mountains [5]41 Van Diemen Gulf [1]47 Van Dyck [2]134 Van Dyk [1]110 Vanberg [4]62 Vancouver [5]65 Vancouver Island [1]138-139, 143 Vänern [5]48-49 Vangunu [5]7 Vangvieng [3]82 Vanikolo [5]7 Vanua Levu [2]93 Vanuatu [5]148-151 Varanger [4]60 Varano [3]31 Vardar River [2]133; [3]111-112, 114 Väster-Götland [5]49 Västmanland [5]49 Vasyugan [4]135 Vatican [5]152-154 Vatican Gardens [5]152 Vatnajökull [2]169-171 Vättern [5]48-49 Vaubon Bridge [3]110 Vaupés [1]176 Vava [5]86-88 Vaygach Island [4]133 Vayots Dzor [1]42 Veimandu Channel [3]129-130 Velanai [5]28 Velebit Mountains [2]22 Velika Kapela [2]22 Velika Ljubušnja [1]99 Velika Morava [4]173-174 Velika Plaza [4]173 Velká Domaša [4]189 Velky Litny Ostrov [4]188-189 Vella [1]16 Vella Lavella [5]6-7 Vello A., 84 Venada [4]44 Venetian Alps [3]31-32 Venezuela [5]155-161 Venice [3]30-31, 33 Venilale [2]52 Venta [3]86-87, 106 Venta River [3]87 Ventana [1]39 Ventocilla [4]81 Ventuari [5]158 Veracruz [3]149, 152 Verde [4]90, 101, 112 Verdes [1]175 Verdesio [5]143 Verkhoyanskiy [4]137 Vernazza [3]30 Vernjikica [4]175 Verrazano Narrows [5]139 Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography C U M U L AT I V E I N D E X Vesiland [2]84 Vesterålen Islands [4]59 Vestlandet [4]58 Vestmannaeyjar [2]168 Vestur-Skaafellssýsla [2]167 Veternica Cave [2]22 Viaducto de La Farola [2]26 Victor Emmanuel Mountains [4]85 Victoria Falls [5]31, 172-174, 176, 178-179 Victoria Island [1]139 Victoria Nyanza [5]71 Victoria Peak [1]82, 84 Victoria Valley [1]28 Victory Peak [3]77, 79 Vidraru Dam [4]127 Vidzeme Uplands [3]87 Vieja [2]14 Vienna [1]54-57 Vienna Basin [1]55-56 Vienna Woods [1]57 Vieques [4]115-116 Vieques Sound [4]116 Vietnam [5]162-165 Vieux Fort [4]146 Vijaka [1]98 Vijosë [1]7 Vilingrad [4]175 Vilyui [4]135 Vindel [5]49 Vindhya Ranges [2]178 Vinson Massif [1]22, 28 Virgin Islands [4]31, 115-116; [5]126, 133 Virgin Passage [4]116 Virunga Mountains [2]5; [4]140-141 Visayan Islands [4]102 Visayan Sea [4]100-101 Visby [5]48 Viscount Melville Sound [1]139 Viskan [5]49 Visoke [2]5 Vistula [4]107-109 Vita [3]107 Vita Italiana [3]33 Viti Levu [2]93-94 Vitim [4]135 Vitória [1]107 Vitosha [1]117 Vlad Tepes [4]127 Vladivostok [4]132 Vlieland Island [4]33 Vlorë [1]6-8 Vltava [2]32 Vojvodina [4]171, 173-174 Volcán Barú [4]76, 80 Volcán Chiriquí [4]80 Volcán Misti [4]98 Volcán Yucamani [4]98 Volcanic Highlands [2]12, 161 Volcanic Plateau [4]38-41 Volcano Islands [3]40 Volcanoes See rubric 10, Mountains and Volcanoes, in each country article See also Appendix I, Volcanoes by Height, in each volume Volga River [1]59, 76; [4]129, 134, 138; [5]106, 119 Volgograd [4]134 Vollmer [2]113 Volodymyr [5]122 Volta Basin [2]125, 128 Volta Delta [2]127 Volta River [1]119-120; [2]127, 129; [5]84 Volujak [1]99 Voodoo [3]36 Vopna Fjord [2]168 Vorarlberg [1]57; [3]102 Vormsi [2]83 Võrtsjarv [2]83 Vosges [2]104-105 Vosges Massif [2]104-105 Vostock [3]62 Vostok [1]22, 26; [3]63 Voui [5]149 Vpadina Akchanaya [5]107 Vrana [2]20 Vysoké Tatry [4]188 Waal [4]34 WAC Bennett Dam [1]144 Waddenzee [4]32-33, 35 Wadi [3]47-49; [5]34-36, 166, 168170; [5]35, 59, 168, 170 Wadi Al-Ku [5]35 Wadi Azum [5]35 Wadi Bisha [4]165 Wadi Da [5]168 Wadi Dahero [5]170 Wadi Hadhramawt [5]166, 168-169 Wadi Halfa [5]34-36 Wadi Hasi [3]49 Wadi Howar [5]35 Wadi Rum [3]48-49 Wadi San [4]65 Wadi Sarhan [3]48 Wadi Sora [2]64 Wadi Warazan [5]169 Wadi Zabid [5]169 Wahiba Sands [4]64 Waikato [4]39-40 Wairau [4]39 Wakasa Bay [3]41 Wakatipu [4]39 Wake Island [5]133 Wakhan [1]1, 3-4 Walachia [4]123 Walachian Plain [4]125 Wald [2]122; [5]170 Waldviertel [1]56 Wales [3]20; [4]50 Wallis [2]101; [5]86 Walton [4]151 Wamb River [5]149 Wami [5]73 Wanerie [2]43 Wanganui [4]39 Wangerooge [2]120 Warazan [5]168-169 Warbah [3]75 Warmbrunn [5]165 Warta [4]108 Wasatch [5]138 Wastewater [5]168 Waterberg Plateau [4]22 Waterfalls by Height See Appendix K, Waterfalls by Height, in each volume Watumu [3]57 Watzmann [2]123 Wauer [3]154 Wave-like [4]66 Waziristan [4]71 Wearing [3]14 Web River [2]90 Weddell Sea [1]25-26 Weidenfeld [1]61, 129 Weisshorn [5]54 Welsh [5]130 Wernstedt [4]105 Weser [2]121-122, 124 Weser River [2]122 Wesser [2]124 West Africa [1]86, 130, 145, [2]6, 15, 18, 72, 125, 143, 146; [4]48, 50, 52, 55, 159, 167; [5]42, 83 West Bank [3]23, 25, 27, 46, 48, 77 West Germany See Germany West Götland [5]49 West Indies [1]62; [2]46-47, 49; [4]144, 147; [5]89 West Jutland [2]35 West Lake [5]163 West Rhodope Mountains [1]117 West River [1]166-167 West Siberian Plain [4]129, 135 West Timor [2]51, 53 Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography cvii W C U M U L AT I V E I N D E X Western Europe [1]10, 55, 78; [2]100, 121; [3]108; [4]31; [5]26 Western Sahara [3]141; [4]1, 3, 5-6 Western Samoa See Samoa Westerschelde [4]33 Westman Islands [2]168 Wetar [3]3 Wetar Island [2]51 Wetar Strait [2]51 Wetlands Congo (DROC) [2]8 Dominican Republic [2]51-52 El Salvador [2]69 Guinea-Bissau [2]148 Iceland [2]169 Iran [3]10-11 Iraq [3]18 Ireland [3]21 Italy [3]31 Japan [3]41 Kazakhstan [3]52 Mozambique [4]10 Nepal [4]28 Nicaragua [4]45 Nigeria [4]54 Palau [4]75 Panama [4]79 Papua New Guinea [4]84 Peru [4]97 Philippines [4]103 Somalia [5]12 ailand [5]80 Turkey [5]100 United Arab Emirates [5]124 Venezuela [5]157, 159 Yemen [5]168 Wexford [3]21 White Carpathian [2]32 White Lady [4]22 White Lotus [5]82 White Nile [1]124; [2]62, 88; [5]3334, 113 White Sea [1]59; [3]9; [4]131; [5]106 White Tisza [5]121 White Volta [1]120; [2]127 Whiteside [1]144 Wicklow Mountains [3]21 Wide [3]112-113, 116, 118-119 Wilbur Cross [5]26 Wilhelmina [4]35 Wilhelmina Mountains [5]41 Wilingili Island [3]129 Wilkes Land [1]25 Wilkins [4]6 Wilkinson [5]96 Willebroek [1]81 Williston Lake [1]144 cviii Wimbi Beach [4]9 Winckler [4]121 Wind River [5]138 Windemere Island [1]64 Windhoek [4]22 Windward Islands [2]42, 135; [4]145, 148, 151-152 Windward Passage [2]24, 155 Winichakul [5]82 Winnipeg [1]137, 141 Winter Highlands [5]74 Wisla [4]107 Witwatersrand [5]18 Wo Yaa [1]134 Woleai [3]157 Woleu [2]108 Wologizi [3]95 Wonders of the World See Appendix N, Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and Appendix O, Seven Wonders of the Natural World, in each volume Wong Chhu [1]90 Wong Kadir [1]112 Wonsan [3]68 Wooding [5]42 World Heritage Site See UNESCO World Heritage Site Wotje [3]139 Wounta [4]44 Wrangel Island [4]132-133 Wright Valley [1]28 Wular Lake [2]175 Württemberg [2]122 Wye [5]130 XYZ Xaghra [3]137 Xau [1]102 Xiangkhoang Plateau [3]83 Xiao Hinggan Ling [1]169 Xiloá [4]45 Xinjiang [1]1 Xizang Gaoyuan [1]163 Xizang Zizhiqu [1]89 Yabakei Gorges [3]44 Yabatskuri [2]115 Yabe [3]44 Yablonovyy Range [4]137 Yadé Massif [1]148, 150 Yaguarón [5]142 Yallahs [3]35 Yalu [3]66-69 Yalu River [1]167; [3]68 Yamuna [2]176 Yan [5]28-29 Yan River [5]28 Yangtze River [1]163, 166-167, 169, 171 Yantra [1]116 Yaoundé [1]130 Yap Islands [3]155-158 Yaque [2]48-50 Yaqui [3]154 Yarlung Zangbo [1]169 Yarmuk [3]48 Yarmūk [5]59 Yarqon [3]26 Yasawa Group [2]93 Yatsu-higata [3]41 Yavarí [4]96 Yavarí River [4]96 Yawri Bay [4]181 Yding Forest Hill [2]34, 37 Yding Skovhoj [2]34, 37 Yellow Mountains [1]169 Yellow River Valley [1]164-167, 171; [2]177; [3]13 Yellow Sea [1]162, 165; [3]66, 70-71, 166 Yellowstone National Park [5]137, 139 Yellowstone Plateau [5]139 Yelwa [4]53, 55 Yemen [5]166-170 Yenisey River [4]132-133, 135, 138 Yeil [5]101 Yet [4]133 Yialias [2]29 Yin [4]17 Yip [4]17 Yobe [4]54 Yoho National Park of British Columbia [1]144 Yokohama [3]45 Yol Canyon [3]168 Yolaina Mountains [4]46 Yolym Am [3]168 Yonbaek Plain [3]67 Yongbyon [3]69 Yonghung Bay [3]66 Yongil Bay [3]71 Yongsan [3]71 Yonne [2]104 Yorkshire [5]132 Yosemite Lake [5]136 Ypané [4]90 Yü [5]62-64 Yü Shan [5]62, 64 Yucatán Channel [3]151 Yucatán Peninsula [1]82; [2]23, 141; [3]149-151, 153-154 Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography C U M U L AT I V E I N D E X Yugoslavia See Serbia and Montenegro Yugoslav-Romanian Iron Gate Dam [4]175 Yukon River [1]141 Yukon Territory [1]135, 142 Yuma [5]135 Yuna River [2]48 Yungang Grottoes [1]170 Yungas [1]92, 94-96 Yunnan [1]166 Yunnan Province [5]164 Yunnan-Guizhou [1]171 Zabid [5]168-169 Zagorje Hills [2]22 Zagreb [2]19, 22 Zagros [3]8, 11-13, 18; [5]61 Zagros Mountains [3]8, 11, 13, 18 Zaire See Congo (DROC) Zaire River [2]5, Zambales Mountains [4]104 Zambezi Escarpment [5]177 Zambezi River Botswana [1]102 Ethiopia [2]90 Malawi [3]120 Mozambique [4]7, 10-12 Namibia [4]21 Tanzania [5]73 Zambia [5] 171-173 Zimbabwe [5]176-178 Zambezi River Valley [5]173 Zambia [5]171-174 Zamboanga Peninsula of Mindanao [4]101 Zamora [2]56 Zangezur [1]42 Zanskar [2]177 Zanzibar [5]72-73 Zapadna Morava [4]174 Zapata Peninsula [2]25 Zapata Swamp [2]25 Zaprudnik [1]77 Zarqa River [3]48 Zavadovski Island [1]25 Zawiyah [5]60 Zayande [3]11 Žemaičai Upland [3]106 Zemgale Plain [3]87 Zemplínska [4]189 Zemser [3]96 Zeppa [1]91 Zeravshan [5]68, 145-146 Zeus [5]100 Zeya Reservoirs [4]134 Zhiloy [1]59 Zhinvali [2]117 Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography Zhob [4]70 Zhu Jiang [1]167 Zick [3]45 Zickgraf [4]62 Ziguinchor [4]166-167 Zillertaler [1]57 Zim [1]101 Zimbabwe [5]175-179 Zinjanthropus [5]74 Ziz Gorge [4]5 Ziz Mountains [4]5 Ziz River [4]4-5 Ziz Valley [4]5 Zlata [1]100 Zlotske Caves [4]175 Zoë [1]100; [3]114; [4]175; [5]4 Zomba [3]120-121 Zomba Mountain [3]120 Zomba Plateau [3]121 Zora Neale [3]36 Zufaf [4]163 Zufar [4]63 Zugspitze [2]118, 123 Zuid-Willems [4]35 Zuider Zee [4]34 Zupanova Cave [5]3-4 Zupanova Jama [5]4 cix ... Venezuela Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography ix Reader’s Guide Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography presents a comprehensive survey of the physical geography of 192... Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia: Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Slovenia 2000 http://www.gov.si/zrs/ (accessed April 16, 2003) Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical Geography. .. of a wasteland ocean  e entire body of saltwater that covers almost three-fourths of the Earth’s surface; any of the five principal divisions of the ocean Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Physical