Inventory of Peatlands in U Minh Ha Region, Ca Mau Province, Viet Nam

Inventory of Peatlands in U Minh Ha Region, Ca Mau Province, Viet Nam Le Phat Quoi, Institute for Environment and Natural Resources, National University at HCM City August 2010 Acknowledgements This report was produced for Richard McNally, SNV REDD+ Coordinator, as part of a larger study on Climate Change Mitigation, Adaption and Livelihoods in and around U Minh Ha National Park The author would like to thank Ms Shashi Kumaran - Prentice (Coordinator, Peatland Programme Global Environment Centre) and Mr Chee T Y (Manager, Global Environment Centre) for their support in the surveys The staff of the Ca Mau Forest Protection Department, U Minh Ha National Park and the 3rd Regional Office for Forest Protection – Vietnam FDP contributed to surveys and the content of this report through their knowledge and experience and we extend our sincere thanks to all of them The names of some of these people appear in the list of participants Cover photograph courtesy of Nguyen Huu Thien SNV REDD + www.snvredd.com Table of contents Acknowledgements Page List of figures List of table Summary i ii iii Introduction Objective 3 Methodology 3.1 Secondary Data Collection 3.2 Satellite Interpretation 3.3 Ground Truthing 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Natural Factors 4.2 Peatlands 4.3 Land cover 4.3.1 Melaleuca forest 4.3.2 Other vegetation 4.3.3 Crops and fruit tree in buffer zone 4.4 Carbon storage 6 10 10 12 14 16 Conclusions 18 References 19 List of participants 20 ANNEX 1: Plant species found in U Minh Thuong National Park 21 ANNEX 2: Some typical vegetation in U Minh Ha National Park 22 SNV REDD + www.snvredd.com List of figures Figure Page Fig Peatlands in the U Minh Region of Lower Mekong Basin, Vietnam Fig Peatland in U Minh Ha (Vo Doi district, Ca Mau Province), part of the peatland area has been established as a National Park Fig Satellite images covered in UMH region were used or intepretation Fig Sampling in peatland in UMH region, August 2010 Fig Topogrphical map of U Minh Ha National Park, Ca Mau Province, Vietnam Fig Pyritic materials in sulfidic horizon formed in marine swamp sediment and Jarosite mineral, and iron hydroxides were fomred by oxidation and hrydrolysis processes in peatland of UMH region Fig Irrigation canal system being used for fire control in U Minh Ha National Park, Ca Mau Province Fig Distribution of peatlands in U Minh Ha region of Vo Doi district, Ca Mau Province, Vietnam 10 Fig Map of peatlands in U Minh Ha National Park, Ca Mau Province, Vietnam 10 Fig 10 Some typical peat profiles in UMHNP 10 Fig 11 Melaleuca forest mixed with brushwood and grasses in peatland of U Minh Ha National Park, Ca Mau Province 11 Fig 12 Map of Land cover in peatlands of U Minh Ha area, Ca Mau Province, Vietnam 11 Fig 13 Many species of vegetation, particularly Fragmitex and Stenochloena, cover in peatland of U Minh Ha National Park, Ca mau, Vietnam 12 Fig 14 Map of land cover in U Minh Ha National Park, Camau Province, Vietnam 13 Fig 15 Some wild vegetations inside the UMH National Park 14 Fig 17 Peat materials on ground surface have been decomposed as exposing to the air 15 Fig 18 Models of farming system in peatlands of UMH buffer zone 16 Fig 19 Acacia nursery and planting in peatland of buffer zone i SNV REDD + 17 www.snvredd.com List of tables Table Page Table Current status of peatlands and thickness of peat layer in the U Minh Ha region Table Peatlands and thickness of peat layer from 40 – more than 120 cm in the UMH region Table Land cover in U Minh Ha region, Ca Mau province 12 Table Current land cover in the U Minh Ha National Park, Do Doi district 12 Table Carbon content and calculation of equivalent of CO2 stored in peatland of UMHNP 18 Table Carbon content, and equivalence of CO2 stored in good management in peatland of UMH region 18 Table Carbon content, and equivalence of CO2 stored in peatlands of UMH National Park 18 ii SNV REDD + www.snvredd.com Summary Vietnam has a comparatively small area of peatland compared to its regional neighbours Peatlands are found in various areas in Vietnam, but occur mainly in U Minh region of the Mekong Delta, with a total area of about 35,000 However, peatlands of U Minh Ha region have been degraded due to the impact of natural factors and human activities Survey results showed that only about 9,853.41 hectares of peatland have remained, with thickness of peat layers ranging from 0.4 - 1.2 m The underneath of peat layer is mainly marine swamp sediment which contains sulfidic material that will be oxidised and produce a high amount of acidity in peatland A part of the peatland has been converted into U Minh Ha National Park, with a total area of about 8,286 hectares 6,063.89 hectares have peat thickness from 0.4 - 1.2 m and peatland with peat thickness from 1.0 - 1.2 m is only about 792.04 Average peat bulk density is about 0.23 g/cm3, average carbon is about 52.6 % in dried peat and 0.134 tons/m3 Although Melaleuca forest (M cajuputi) covers most of the peatland in U Minh Ha National Park (8.552 ha), there is a biodiversity of flora such as Stenochloena palustris, Lygodium microphyllum, Cayratia trifolia, Trichosanthes cucumerina, Flagellaria indica, Psychotria serpens and Passiflora foetida The most widespread grassland community is dominated by Phragmites sp., (Phragmites vallatoria, Phragmites karka), Leersia hexandra, Eleocharis dulcis and E attropurpea Some reports show a biodiversity of fauna with many species of valuable animals such as Manis javanica, Aony cinerea, Lutra sumatrana, Viverra zibetha, Viverricula megaspila, Viverricula indica, Prionailurus bengalensis, P viverius, Cynoterus branchyotis, Pteropus vampirus, but they are however not in the scope of this report Peatlands in buffer zones have varied land use Melaleuca plantation proposed to convert to Acacia, covers a significant area of peatland Crops and fruit trees cover a large area of farmer’s peatlands Leveling of the ground surface for crop cultivation has resulted in rapid oxidation and degradation of peat materials iii SNV REDD + www.snvredd.com Introduction 1 Tropical peatlands are widely distributed throughout Indonesia, Malaysia and several other countries in South East Asia Peat swamp forests are unique habitats for flora and fauna, containing a high proportion of endemic species (Page et al., 1999) They play an important role in stabilizing the ecosystem, particularly in regulating drainage, microclimate, and water quality and soil formation In Vietnam, approximately 183,000 of peat swamps can befound, mainly located in the Lower Mekong Basin (Rieley & Page, 2005) There are two main areas of peat located in the U Minh area; in Kien Giang and Ca Mau provinces The first peatland area is protected as a nature reserve for the conservation of biodiversity and Melaleuca forest; this area lies within the U Minh Thuong National Park and the Vo Doi Nature Reserve (Figure 1) The second peatland area is situated in an area of freshwater wetlands, which comprises peat swamp forests, seasonally inundated grasslands and open swamps This area is also of national and international significance for biodiversity conservation Vo Doi Nature Reserve, being part of the larger U Minh peat swamp forest, was converted to U Minh Ha National Park, (from 9°12’30’’ to 9°17’41’’ N and from 104°54’11’’ to 104°59’16’’ E) (Figure 2), and the park is considered one of the key wetland areas in the lower Mekong basin Following the occurrence of forest fires, six to ten years ago, and the application of defoliant agents up to thirty years ago, the area had to be replanted in the recent past The total area of the Vo Doi Nature Reserve is 3,688 hectares, most of which comprises planted Melaleuca peat forests The rest of the peatland area is scattered across the Ca Mau Province, particularly in the surrounding areas of U Minh Ha National Park; most of these peat areas have been converted for paddy rice cultivation or as Melaleuca plantations and other uses Figure Peatlands in the U Minh Region of Figure Peatland in U Minh Ha (Vo Doi Lower Mekong Basin, Vietnam district, Ca Mau Province), part of the peatland area has been established as a National Park SNV REDD + www.snvredd.com Fauna; many species are found in U Minh Ha National Park where there are also many species of valuable animals such as Manis javanica, Aony cinerea, Lutra sumatrana, Viverra zibetha, Viverricula megaspila, Viverricula indica, Prionailurus bengalensis, P viverius, Cynoterus branchyotis and Pteropus vampirus Fires and conversion to agriculture have reduced the area of intact peatland in the lower Mekong delta significantly in the past decade Fires have been a major problem for the Melaleuca forest on peatland Only about 800 of virgin forest in U Minh Ha survived the fires in 1994 and 1998, and this area has become part of the Vo Doi Protected Forest Another 3,300 of Melaleuca forest in Vo Doi and U Minh Ha were destroyed by fires in the dry season of 2002 Fire not only affects the forest in the U Minh Ha National Park but also the cultivated areas of peatland in the buffer zone of the national park Management of remaining peatlands, cultivated crops and planted Melaleuca forest still has some problems because there is no proper inventory of the area and no record of any sustainable use practices There is clear evidence that fires and human-related activities have reduced the area of intact peatlands in the National Park and have degraded the peatlands, but there are no clear records of this The loss of peat in this area has led to the exposure of the underlying acid sulphate soils However, drainage, extraction and fires, combined with climate change, are converting more peatlands into sources of carbon rather than stores Despite the importance of peatlands they are barely mentioned in standard texts on global warming or emissions scenarios The report is the result of a rapid assessment of the peatlands in Ca Mau Province to initiate the establishment of a peatland inventory in Ca Mau to ensure the sustainable management of wetland resources toward climatic change mitigation The rapid assessment formed part of the activities under the Conservation of Peatland Biodiversity in South East Asia Project (Phase II), which was supported by the ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity through the Global Environment Centre Field data was updated with support from SNV in 2010 SNV REDD + www.snvredd.com Objective 2 The objective of this activity was to carry out an inventory of peatlands and land cover in U Minh Ha region, Ca Mau Province SNV REDD + www.snvredd.com Methodology The steps implemented to collate information for the inventory of peatlands in Ca Mau were as follows: 3.1 Secondary Data Collection Some material and reports prepared by the local scientists and institutions were used as initial reference material in the study 3.2 Satellite Interpretation Interpretation of satellite images (Spot image taken in 2008, and Landsat TM7 taken in 2009)) was used to identify peatland areas in Ca Mau, particularly in UMH region Polygons of identified peatland areas were transposed onto GIS maps and hard copies were printed for the field trip The area of peatlands identified in the drawn polygons were surveyed and land-use and/or vegetation was recorded and recorded onto a map The peat was characterized by describing augered samples collected at every polygon interpreted from satellite images, and at 300 m interval The peat colour, degree of humification, and decomposition were only described until 200 cm below the surface while the peat thickness and characteristics of the underlying mineral substratum were described beyond this depth Soil and water samples were collected at diagnostic horizon from 10 – 200 cm depths for testing and analysis During the survey/field trip, GPS equipment was used to record the exact geographical location of study sites Carbon content calculation: Peat bulk density values from peat sample analysis (Mg/m3) Peatland volume (m3) = area (m2) x thickness of peat layer (m) Weight of peatland (tons/ha) = peat volume (ha) x bulk density (tons/ha) Carbon content (tons/ha) = weight of peatland in one hectare x % C (tons/ha) Capable storage of carbon dioxide release to atmosphere from carbon content if total amount of peat will be destroyed in peatland (tons/ha) tC-CO2 e (capable CO2 storage) = Carbon content x 3.67 Note: CO2 emission factor for carbon: 3.67 SNV REDD + www.snvredd.com Table Current land cover in the U Minh Ha National Park, Do Doi district Landcover Area (ha) Mellaleuca years old 3,906.20 Melaleuca – years old 2,906.55 Melaleuca – years old 574.10 Melaleuca – 12 years old 986.84 Melaleuca > 12 years old 178.14 Grass land 4.86 Total 8,556.69 Although this report considered only general land cover of forest in the national park, it was found that the diversity of vegetation species was quite high in the peatland areas We noted that an earlier survey recorded 33 species of vascular plants in the area; of this 22 species were found in undisturbed peatland areas (Guong et al, 2006) (See also Annex 1) Figure 14 Map of land cover in U Minh Ha National Park, Camau Province 4.3.2 Other vegetation A wide range of vegetation species is found in U Minh Ha National Park and seasonally inundated grassland and shrubs Semi-natural Melaleuca forest covers a large area in the west of the core zone Although other tree species are present, Melaleuca cajuputi is dominant in U Minh Ha region Melaleuca was planted after fires in 2002 and later years, therefore Melaleuca plantations of varying ages are distributed in many places in the park In the peat dome of the park other trees such as Alstonia spathulata, Eugenia spp., Eugenia oblata Roxb, Acronychia laurifolia Blune and Ilex thorelii Pierre are mixed with Melaleuca, grass and shrubs Annona glabra also are common along canals 12 SNV REDD + www.snvredd.com Figure 15 Some wild vegetation inside the UMH National Park Blechnum serrulatum Rich Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Ilex thorelii Pierre Bố rừng Muntingia Common species of liana are found in the Melaleuca forest, such as Stenochloena palustris, Lygodium microphyllum, Cayratia trifolia, Trichosanthes cucumerina, Flagellaria indica, Psychotria serpens and Passiflora foetida The most widespread grassland community is one dominated by Phragmites sp., (Phragmites vallatoria, Phragmites karka), Leersia hexandra Eleocharis dulcis and E attropurpea are common in acid sulphate soils According to Barry Clough et al (2008), the species diversity was higher on intact peatland (28 species) compared with that of the burned area with exposed acid sulphate soils (14 species) Of the eight tree species found on intact peatland, only one (M cajuputi) was also present on the exposed acid sulphate soils of the burned area Similarly, of the six climbers common on intact peatland, only one (C trifolia) was found in much smaller numbers on exposed acid sulphate soils in the burned area Shrub and herb species were also poorly represented in the burned area with exposed acid sulphate material 13 SNV REDD + www.snvredd.com 4.3.3 Crops and fruit trees in buffer zone Although some peatland area is covered by Melaleuca, a large area of peatland in the buffer zone has been converted to agricultural land Because of high topography of peatland, ground surface leveling, which has resulted in acceleration of rapid oxidation and then degradation of peat materials, has been done for crop cultivation in peatlands Raised bed method has also been applied in lower peatland, through which peat materials in soil body were brought up to ground surface In such cases peat materials were exposed to the air and thenoxidized rapidly As well as peat materials, pyritic materials (bottom peat layers) in marine swamp sediment were taken from the peat body They have been brought to the ground surface and have oxidised to form jarositic materials (1/3KFe(SO4)2(OH)6) Apparently a large area of actual acid sulphate soils has been formed by drainage in past years (Fig 16) Figure 16 Peat and pyritic material was brought up in peatland Part of pyritic material was oxydized to form Jarosites mottles on ground surface Peat and pyritic materials (FeS2) were ditched and brought up to ground surface in peatland Pyritic materials (FeS2) were oxidized to formed Jarositic minerals (3KFe(SO4)2(OH)6) on ground surface Deforestation and drainage for agricultural production has resulted rapidly in organic decomposition in peatland Loss of water in dry season has been a big problem for peatland management in UMH region (Fig 17) Figure 17 Peat materials on ground surface have been decomposed from exposure to the air 14 SNV REDD + www.snvredd.com A diversity of crops and fruit trees have been planted in buffer zone Crops planted include maize, pineapple, cassava, banana, rice, jam, and tomato Banana was also planted in many places in high organic soils, which is good for banana (Fig 18) As mentioned above, Melaleuca has been planted in a considerable area of buffer zone However, the low price of Melaleuca product nowadays necessitates a switch tooptions which are more economically valuable to local people and forest enterprises Acacia is one of the valuable trees intended to replace Melaleuca in buffer zones (Fig 19) Figure 18 Models of farming system in peatlands of UMH buffer zone Pineapple planted in raised bed of peatlands Dioscorea esculenta crop planted in peatland after making levelling and raised bed Derris tonkinensis were planted directly in peatland in buffer zone of UMH Region Cassava planting on raised bed and paddy rice cultivating in small ditch in peatlands Acacia planting on a large area will be a problem for peatlands environment Acacia is not appropriate in submerged conditions for a long period of the year; therefore, the raised bed method applied for planting Acacia will result in rapid decomposition of organic matter after exposure to the air 15 SNV REDD + www.snvredd.com Figure 19 Acacia nursery and planting in peatland of buffer zone Acacia nursery in garden of household Acacia planting in farming land in buffer zone 4.4 Carbon storage Peatland drainage for afforestation and conversion of peatland forest for agricultural production will damage peatlands, releasing many tonnes of carbon into the atmosphere Apparently if peatland is lost, it is unable to sequester further carbon and most of the former carbon store is suddenly released into the atmosphere Based on the results of physical-chemical analysis of peat samples, calculation of carbon organic content in peatland of U Minh Ha region was shown in Table Percentage of Carbon (C) in each peat horizon is variable, with an average value of 53.64% Peatlands in U Minh Ha region have different thickness of peat layers, hence there is a difference of carbon content in each peatland area In areas with peat layer thickness of 70 cm, the carbon content is up to 813.58 tons/ha, and in areas with peat layer thickness of up to 120 cm, the carbon contained in peatland is of 1,482.69 tons/ha (Table 5) Data also showed that peatlands in UMH region, particularly in UMHNP, have stored a significant quantity of Carbon that will be able to be transformed to carbon dioxide (CO2) to release into the atmosphere if peatland is drainaged or converted to agriculture for a long period Estimating calculated data shows total equivalent amount of C-CO2 is about 32,373,798.35 tons in the whole UMH region While UMH National Park is about 21,150,939.10 tons C-CO2 (Table and 7) 16 SNV REDD + www.snvredd.com Table Carbon content and calculation of equivalent amount of CO2 stored in peatland of UMHNP Dep (m) Bulk Density (Mg/m3) Area (m2) Volume (m3) Weight (tons/ha) C (%) Carbon content (tons/ha) t C-CO2e (tons/ha) 0.10 0.22 10000.00 1,000 220 53.40 117.48 431.15 0.20 0.22 10000.00 2,000 430 53.80 231.34 849.02 0.30 0.21 10000.00 3,000 620 54.03 335.01 1,229.47 0.40 0.21 10000.00 4,000 830 54.00 448.20 1,644.89 0.50 0.21 10000.00 5,000 1,050 53.96 566.58 2,079.35 0.60 0.21 10000.00 6,000 1,270 53.40 678.18 2,488.92 0.70 0.22 10000.00 7,000 1,520 53.54 813.85 2,986.83 0.80 0.22 10000.00 8,000 1,780 53.40 950.52 3,488.41 0.90 0.23 10000.00 9,000 2,030 53.50 1,086.05 3,985.80 1.00 0.23 10000.00 10,000 2,280 53.52 1,220.26 4,478.34 1.20 0.23 10000.00 12,000 2,771 53.51 1,482.69 5,441.47 Table Thickness of peat layer (cm) Carbon content, and equivalence of CO¬2 stored in good management in peatland of UMH region Av thick (m) Area (ha) Bulk Density (Mg/m3) Volume (m3/ha) Average weight (tons/ha) Weight (tons/area) Average Carbon (%) Average Carbon content (tons/ha) Carbon content (tons/area) t C-CO2e (tons/ha) t C-CO2e (stored) (tons/area) 100 - 120 1.10 792.04 0.23 11,000.00 2,530.00 2,003,861.20 53.55 1,354.82 1,073,067.67 4,972.17 3,938,158.36 70 - 100 0.90 3,855.47 0.23 9,000.00 2,028.17 7,819,548.59 53.47 1,084.46 4,181,112.63 3,979.98 15,344,683.36 40 - 70 0.60 5,205.90 0.21 6,000.00 1,277.62 6,651,161.96 53.63 685.19 35,67,018.16 2,514.64 13,090,956.64 scattered 15,114.15 - - - - - - - - - None 10,686.17 - - - - - - - - - 16,474,571.75 - 8,821,198.46 Total Table Thickness of peat layer (cm) 35,653,73 - - - - 32,373,798.35 Carbon content, and equivalence of CO¬2 stored in peatlands of U Minh Ha National Park Av thick (m) Area (ha) Bulk Density (Mg/m3) Volume (m3/ha) Average weight (tons/ha) Weight (tons/area) Average Carbon (%) Average Carbon content (tons/ha) Carbon content (tons/area) t C-CO2e (tons/ha) t C-CO2e (stored) (tons/area) 100 - 120 1.10 792.04 0.23 11,000.00 2,530.00 2,003,861.20 53.55 1,354.82 1,073,067.67 4,972.17 3,938,158.36 70 - 100 0.90 2,190.03 0.23 9,000.00 2,028.17 4,441,753.15 53.47 1,084.46 2,375,005.41 3,979.98 8,716,269.84 40 - 70 0.60 3,378.82 0.21 6,000.00 1,277.62 4,316,848.01 53.63 685.19 2,315,125.59 2,514.64 8,496,510.90 scattered 1,672.99 - - - - - - - - - None 541.73 - - - - - - - - - 10,762,462.35 - 5,763,198.67 Total 17 SNV REDD + 8,575.61 - - - - 21,150,939.10 www.snvredd.com Conclusions 5 The survey results on the distribution of peatlands and land covered in the U Minh Ha area can be summarized as follows: The total area of peatlands in the U Minh Ha area in the Ca Mau province was large, approximately over 35,000 ha, but the peatlands have been degraded because of war, fires and human activity in the past few decades The total peatland area with thickness of peat layer from 50 to more than 100 cm was estimated at only 4,647.51 ha; half of this area (2,982.07 ha) is protected and located in the national park The area is covered by Melaleuca forest The area of peatlands outside the national park has been under extensive rice cultivation and the peat layer in the soil has been degraded The main threat to the remaining peatlands in the area is fire Serious fires, the latest in 2002, have destroyed large areas of peat Forest fires have been found to affect not only the thickness of the peat layer but also the quality of peat found in the area A canal system for fire control built in the peatland area has resulted in subsidence of the peat because of increased loss of water in the dry season Peatland areas within the national park have been assessed as areas of high biodiversity, but a monitoring system needs to be considered and established and fire prone areas (hotspots) need to be identified to enhance the management of the remaining peat areas Peatland in UMH region stores a large quantity of carbon If of oxidation, either as a result of increased decomposition on improved drainage, deforestation, conversion of peatlands to agricultural land or by burning, all CO2 produced goes to the atmosphere 18 SNV REDD + www.snvredd.com References Barry Clough, Guong, V.T., Loc, L.M Giang, T.T., 2005 Plant and fish biodiversity in Vo Doi National Park, U Minh Ha, Mekong Delta CTU, 2006 Bird Life International, 2000 Wetlands in the Balance A strategy for balance and harmony in wetland resource management in the Mekong Delta 2000 Bradford M Sanders, 2004 Fire Incident Assessement: U Minh Ha and U Minh Thuong National Park Hoa, N.M., Linh, B.T., Bang, P.T., Guong, V T., 2007 Soil and water characteristics of burn peatswamp forest underplain of acid sulphate soils at U Minh Ha National Park in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam CTU, 2008 ICEM, 2003 Vietnam: National Report on Protected Areas and Development ICEM, Indooroopilly, Queensland, Australia, 2003 Minh, V Q and Guong V T., 2008 Spatial Variogram of peat soil volumne distribution of Vo Doi Area in U Minh Ha National Park, Camau CTU, 2009 Minh, V.Q., Diep, V.T.H., Guong, V.T., 2006 Using remote sensing for evaluating the chage of peatswamp forest in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam CTU, 2006 MWBP, 2006 Overview of Wetlands Status in Viet Nam Following 15 Years of Ramsar Convention Implementation IUCN, 2006 Rekilä Teppo, 2007 Tropical Peat Interactions with Acid Sulphate Soil Joutsjoki Tiina Couwenberg J., 2009 Emission factors for managed peat soils (organic soils, Histosols): An analysis of IPCC default values UN-FCCC Bonn, June 2009 19 SNV REDD + www.snvredd.com List of participants Peatland survey and mapping in U Minh Ha region June 2009 and August 2010 Le Phat Quoi Institute for Environment and Natural Resources, National University at Ho Chi Minh City quoilp@gmail.com Thai Truyen The 3rd Regional Office for Forest Protection, Vietnam FPD thaitruyen@gmail.com Mai Cong Quyet The 3rd Regional Office for Forest Protection, Vietnam FPD quyetkl@gmail.com Tran Van Hung Forest Protection Department of Ca Mau Province tranhungsix@gmail.com Tran Thanh Quan Forest Protection Department of Ca Mau Province thanhquan@yahoo.com.vn Nguyen Tan Truyen U Minh Ha National Park nguyentantruyen1970@yahoo.com.vn Chau Hung Khoi U Minh Ha National Park Nguyen Hai Dang U Minh Ha National Park 20 SNV REDD + www.snvredd.com Annex 1: Plant species found in U Minh Thuong National Park Latin name Melaleuca cajuputi L Euodia lepta (Spreng.) Merr Ilex thorelii Pierre Alstonia spathulata Blume Eugenia spp Eugenia spp Ficus spp Eugenia oblata Roxb Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domino Psychotria serpens L Flagellaria indica L Trichosanthes cucumerina L Gymnopetalum cochinchinensis (Lour.) Kurz Convolvulaceae Stenochloena palustris (Burm) Redd Passiflora foetida L Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R.Br Paederia lanuginosa Annona glabra L Rhapis excelsa Caryota mitis Lour Melastoma affine D.Don Glochidion littorale Bl Alternanthera repens (L.) O Kutze Nephrolepis falcata (Cav.) C Chr Blechnum serrulatum Rich Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin Ex Stend Cyperus compuctus Retx Acrostichum aureum L Salvinia cuculata Roxb Ex Bory Azolla pinnata Br Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brogn Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Leersia hexandra Swartz Panicum repens L Eleocharis ochrostachys Stand Lemna minor L Ludwidgia adscendens (b.) Hara Nymphoides indicum (L.) O Ktze Dendrophtoe pentandra (L.) Miq Alternanthera repens 21 SNV REDD + Local name Tràm Bí bái Bùi Móp Trâm Trâm bột Dây gáo Trâm rộng Dây vác Dây kiềm Mây nước Dây cứt quạ Dây cứt quạ Bìm bìm Dây choại Nhãn lồng Bịng bong Mơ lơng Bình bát Mật cật Đủng đỉnh Mua Múi Rau diệu Ráng Thận lân Dớn Sậy Cỏ cạnh Ráng đại Bèo tai chuột Bèo hoa dâu Ráng gạc nai Môn nước Cỏ bắc Cỏ ống Năng kim Bèo cám Rau dừa nước Súng ma Chùm gởi Rau dệu www.snvredd.com Annex 2: Some typical vegetation in U Minh Ha National Park Latin name Local name Melaleuca cajuputi L Tràm Acronychia laurifolia Blune Bí bái Ilex thorelii Pierre Bùi Alstonia spathulata Blume Móp Euodia lepta Ba Chạc 22 SNV REDD + Life form www.snvredd.com Latin name Local name Ficus spp Dây gáo Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domino Dây Vác Cayratia carnosa Gagn Dây Vác Gymnopetalum cochinchinensis (Lour.) Kurz Dây cứt quạ Stenochloena palustris (Burm) Redd Dây choại 23 SNV REDD + Life form www.snvredd.com Latin name Local name Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R.Br Bòng bong Annona glabra L Bình bát Blechnum serrulatum Rich Dớn Colocasia esculenta (L.) Shott Môn nước Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin Ex Stend Sậy 24 SNV REDD + Life form www.snvredd.com For further information on SNV REDD+ activities please contact: Richard McNally rmcnally@snvworld.org website www.snvredd.org www.snvredd.com SNV-Netherlands Development Organisation REDD+ Programme 6th floor, Building B, La Thanh Hotel 218 Doi Can Street, Ba Dinh, Ha Noi, Vietnam Tel: 84 43 8463 791/2 Fax: 84 43 8463 794 Email: rmcnally@snvworld.org SNV REDD + www.snvredd.com ... Figure Map of peatlands in U Minh Ha National Park, Ca Mau Province, Vietnam From the general map of peatlands in the U Minh Ha region (Figure 8) and that of the U Minh Ha National Park (Figure... system being used for fire control in U Minh Ha National Park, Ca Mau Province Fig Distribution of peatlands in U Minh Ha region of Vo Doi district, Ca Mau Province, Vietnam 10 Fig Map of peatlands. .. Ca Mau Province Figure 12 Map of Land cover in peatlands of U Minh Ha region, Ca Mau Province, Vietnam 10 SNV REDD + www.snvredd.com Table Land cover in U Minh Ha region, Ca Mau province Code