b- What a pity Mary doesn’t understand me.. Future wish: a- I’m sorry I can’t speak English fluently.. I don’t know his address, so I can’t contact him.. People don’t understand him be
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CONDITIONAL SENTENSES
I If Clauses : có 3 loại câu điều kiện :
1 Future possible S + V0 / VS/ES
( Be -> am/ is/
are )
S + Will + VO
Shall Can May
2 Present unreal S + Ved/ V2
( Be -> were ) S + Would + Vo Should
Could Might
3 Past unreal S + Had + Ved /V3 S + Would + Have + Ved /
V3
Should Could Might
If not = Unless ( nếu không, trừ phi )
EX: - If he takes my advice, everything can go well
- I wouldn’t do that if I were you
- If I had known your address, I would have written you a letter
- She will be late unless she starts at once
II Wish : có 3 loại điều ước :
1 Điều ước ở
hiện tại S + Ved / V2 ( Be -> were ) Now, right now, today .
2 Điều ước ở
3 Điều ước ở
tương lai S + Would + Vo Could Tomorrow, next, in the future
EX: - I wish today were Sunday
- Tom wished he had seen the football match on T.V last night
- I can’t speak English well I wish I could speak English well
Sentence Transformation :
1
+ Qui tắc:
- Không thay đổi thì
- Chỉ thay đổi ở mệnh đề IF / UNLESS: phủ định khẳng định
EX a- If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife
Unless
b- Unless you like this one, I’ll bring you another
If
IF
UNLESS
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c- He would cause an accident if he didn’t drive carefully
Unless
d- You would have lost all of your money unless you hadn’t invested it wisely
If
2
+ Chú ý : Dạng này chỉ dùng ở câu điều kiện loại 1
EX: a- Ask him first or he won’t offer to help
Unless
b- Take an umbrella with you or you’ll be caught in the rain on the way back
If
c- Be calm or you make a wrong decision.
Unless
If
3 Cho một sự thật ở hiện tại -> Dùng câu điều kiện loại 2 viết lại câu trái với sự thật
ở hiện tại:
+ Qui tắc:
- Thay đổi thì ( hiện tại đơn -> quá khứ đơn )
- Viết lại câu trái nghĩa với câu cho trứơc ở cả hai mệnh đề:Phủ định Khẳng định
a
EX: - He is too old, so he can’t apply for the job
If
Ex:- I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up
If
b
EX: - Susan is overweight because she eats too much chocolate
If
- We get lost because we don’t have a map.
If
Vo + O or S + Will + Vo
If you + don’t Vo, S + Will +
Vo
Unless you + Vo , S + Will +
S + s.present + O , so S + future/
present + O
->If + S + Ved/ V 2 + O , S + Would + Vo
+ O
( Were ) Could
S + future/ present + O because S +
s.present + O
If + S + Ved/ V2 + O , S + Would + Vo
+ O
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4.Cho sự thật ở quá khứ -> Dùng câu điều kiện loại 3 viết lại câu trái với sự thật ở quá khứ:
+ Qui tắc:
- Thay đổi thì ( quá khứ đơn -> quá khứ hoàn thành )
- Víêt lại câu trái nghĩa với câu cho trước ở cả hai mệnh đề : Phủ định Khẳng định
a
EX: a- I didn’t see it with my own eyes, so I didn’t believe it
If
b- I didn’t know his address, so I couldn’t contact him
If I
b
EX : -The hens got into the house because she didn’t shut the door
If
5 Wish Sentences:
+ Qui tắc:
- Thay đổi thì: Hiện tại đơn -> quá khứ đơn.
Quá khứ đơn -> Quá khứ hoàn thành
Tương lai đơn -> Would / Could
- Viết lại câu trái nghĩa với câu ban đầu: Phủ định Khẳng định.
- Bỏ “I’m sorry” hoặc “What a pity” ( nếu có).
EX:
Present wish:
a- I’m sorry I don’t get good marks
I wish
b- What a pity Mary doesn’t understand me
I wish
c- I’m bad at English
I wish
Past wish:
a- What a pity my girl friend didn’t go to my birthday party
I wish
b- Nam is sorry now that he didn’t accept the job
S + Simple past + O , so + S + Simple past + O
-> If + S + Had + Ved/ V 3 + O , S + Would + Have
+ Ved/ V 3 + O
S + Simple past + O because + S + simple past +
O
-> If + S + Had + Ved/ V3 + O , S + Would + Have
+ Ved/ V3 + O
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Nam now wishes that
Future wish:
a- I’m sorry I can’t speak English fluently
I wish
b- My sister won’t come here
I wish
EXERCISE
I IF -> UNLESS:
1 If he doesn’t take more care, he’ll have an accident
-> Unless
………
2 The crops will be ruined if it doesn’t rain soon
-> Unless
………
3 Unless the weather is fine, we’ll stay at home
-> If
………
4 I can’t go with you unless I get my work finished
-> If
………
5 If you don’t leave on the 15th , you’ll get home late for your mother’s party -> Unless
………
6 Tom never does anything unless his father tells him what to do
-> If
………
7 Don’t take this job if you don’t really want it
-> Unless
………
8 If she does nothing to prepare for the test, she will get bad marks
-> Unless
………
9 You can’t visit the United States unless you get a visa
-> If
………
10 Unless you remember our address, you can find it in the phone book
-> If
………
II Vo … + O or S + WILL + Vo -> IF YOU + DON’T Vo … , S + WILL + Vo
-> UNLESS YOU + Vo … , S + WILL + Vo
1 Do your exercises or you will fail the exam
If
Unless
2 Save some money or you won’t able to buy the house
If
3 Behave yourself or your parents will be very unhappy
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Unless
4 Do it carefully or you’ll feel sorry afterwards
If
5 Ask him first or he won’t offer to help
If
6 Be calm or you’ll make a wrong decision
Unless
7 Be careful or you’ll cut yourself with that knife
If
III FACT IN THE PRESENT - > IF CLAUSE ( TYPE 2)
1 My brother doesn’t buy that car because he doesn’t have enough money
………
2 We don’t go out because it rains
If………
………
3 I don’t know his address, so I can’t contact him
If………
………
4 It’s too cold so we can’t go swimming
If………
………
5 The exercises are very difficult so I can’t finish in fifteen minutes
If………
………
6 She can’t go to the meeting because she is busy
If………
………
7 Because I don’t meet her, I don’t give her your letter
If………
………
8 They are too slow, they can’t win the mach
If………
………
9 She is too weak, she can’t take any exercise
If………
………
10 People don’t understand him because he doesn’t speak clearly
If………
………
IV FACT IN THE PAST -> IF CLAUSE ( TYPE 3)
1 I didn’t watch T.V last night because I was busy
-> If
………
………
2 I didn’t see the signal,so I didn’t stop
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-> If
………
………
3 We got lost because we didn’t have a map
-> If
………
………
4 We stayed up late last night and we were so tired
-> If
………
………
5 He wasn’t able to answer the questions, so he failed the exam
-> If
………
………
6 One of the reason I didn’t phone you was that I was very busy
-> If
………
………
7 Unfortunately, I didn’t have an umbrella and so I got wet in the rain
-> If
………
………
8 Peter was very nervous and failed the driving test
-> If
………
………
9 I didn’t take a taxi because I didn’t have any money on me
-> If
………
………
10 Without a visa, she couldn’t have come to that country
-> If
………
………
V FACT -> WISH
1 I’m sorry I don’t have much money
I wish
2 What a pity I missed an exciting football match on T.V last night
I wish
3 What a pity Mary doesn’t understand me
I wish
4 I’m sorry I can’t speak English fluently
I wish
5 My friends don’t take part in the game
I wish
6 I’m sorry I get bad marks
I wish
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7 What a pity the weather isn’t find today
I wish
8 What a pity I missed an exciting football match on T.V last night
I wish
9 I haven’t enough money to buy this book
I wish
10 I’m afraid he won’t get over his illness soon
I wish
11 I live in a big city, but I don’t like it
I wish
12 I can’t take the trip to Hanoi with her next summer
I wish
13 Mary is afraid she won’t be able to attend your wedding next week
I wish
14 I’m sorry I didn’t finish my homework
I wish
15 Tom bought the second- hand car
I wish
16 She won’t come with me
I wish
17 Nam is sorry now that he didn’t accept the job
18 Nam wishes
19 I regret that you didn’t give me a chance to tell the truth
20 I wish you had given
21 He is sorry now that he didn’t invite Molly to his party
I wish
22 Daisy didn’t go swimming with me
I wish