V.THAT : thay thế cho người, vật. Làm chủ từ, túc từ trong MĐQH.EX: I need to meet the boy that is my friends son. She has a car that is made in Japan.NOTE: ( quan trọng, cần chú ý ) Không được dùng that trong những trường hợp :+ Mệnh đề quan hệ không có giới hạn (Non Defining)EX: Mary, ( who that ) sits next to me, is good at maths.—» Mary, who sits next to me, is good at maths. ( Không được dùng that )+ Sau giới từ :EX: The girl to ( whom that ) I was talking yesterday is my sister. —»The girl to whom I was talking yesterday is my sister.( Không được dùng that ) Bắt buộc dùng that trong những trường hợp :+ Sau danh từ chỉ cả người lẫn vật :EX: I saw a lot of people and vehicles that were moving to the market.+ Sau những danh từ ở dạng so sánh cực cấp ( superlative ) : EX: Yesterday was one of the hottest days that I have ever known.+ Sau những cách nói mở đầu bằng It iswas...EX: It is the teacher that is important, not the kind of school he teaches in.+ Sau all, everybody, everything, nothing, nobody,...EX: Answer all the questions that I asked.VII. WHY : thay thế cho cụm trạng từ chỉ lí do : for that reason.EX: Tell me the reason. You are so sad for that reason.—» Tell me the reason why you are so sad.VIII. WHEN : Thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ thời gian : then, at that time, on that day....EX: Do you remember the day. We first met on that day.—» Do you remember the day when we fisrt met ?NOTE: ( bổ sung thêm ) Ta có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ whom, which khi nó là túc từ ( tân ngữ ) trong MĐQH có giới hạn ( mệnh đề bổ nghĩa cho 1 danh từ đứng trước chưa xác định ), không được dùng với mệnh đề không có giới hạn ( mệnh đề bổ nghĩa cho 1 danh từ đứng trước đã xác định rồi ).EX: I know the boy whom you spoke to.—» I know the boy you spoke to.RELATIVE CLAUSE EXERCISESI. Who1. The girl is Jane. She studied at university three years ago.> The girl________________________________________________2. A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital> A girl__________________________________________________3. Theres the boy. He broke the window. > There is the boy__________________________________________4. The man was sick. He looked very pale.> The man________________________________________________5. The man is playing tennis. He is a famous player.> The man________________________________________________6. The man is talking to my father. He spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen.> The man________________________________________________7. The children went to New York. They speak English. > The children________________________________________________
Trang 1RELATIVE CLAUSES Mệnh Đề Quan Hệ
A Theory:
Defining adjective clauses
Restrictive relative clauses
Non- Defining adjective clauses Non- Restrictive relative clauses
- Là một thành phần của câu;
nó xác định hay phân loại tiền
ngữ, và không thể bỏ.
Ex: The house which is on the
street corner is a library.
- Khi S: the man, the boy, the
girl, a woman, a man, the
book….
- No using commas (,) between
clauses
- That can be replaced Who /
Whom/ Which…
Là phần thêm vào để giải thích hay thêm thông tin cho tiền ngữ Nếu bỏ mệnh đề tính từ, tiền ngữ vẫn
có nghĩa đầy đủ.
Ex: That boy, who is sitting in the front row, is the
best in class.
- Khi S: a famous name ( Ha Long / Mr.Brown….), this/that/these/those + N…
- Using commas (,) between clauses
- Can’t use That
Mệnh đề tính từ hay mệnh đề quan hệ (MĐQH) được đặt sau danh từ để bổ nghĩa, nó
được nối bởi các đại từ quan hệ ( Relative pronouns) : WHO, WHOM, WHICH,
WHERE, THAT, WHOSE, WHY, WHEN.
I WHO: Thay thế cho người, làm chủ từ trong MĐQH
EX: - I need to meet the boy The boy is my friend's son.
—» I need to meet the boy who is my friend's son.
II WHOM : Thay thế cho người, làm túc từ trong MĐQH
EX: - I know the girl You spoke to this girl.
—» I know the girl whom you spoke to
Trang 2*NOTE: Đứng sau đại từ quan hệ
who thường là một động từ, còn sau đại từ quan hệ whom thường là một danh
từ
III WHICH : Thay thế cho vật, đồ vật Vừa làm chủ từ, vừa là túc từ trong
MĐQH
EX
: - She works for a company It makes cars.
—» She works for a company which makes cars.
IV WHERE : thay thế cho nơi chốn: there, at that place, Làm chủ từ, túc từ trong
MĐQH.
EX: - The movie theater is the place We can see films at that place.
—» The movie theater is the place where we can see the films
*NOTE: Đứng sau đại từ quan hệ which thường là một động từ, còn sau đại từ quan
hệ where thường là một danh từ Sau đại từ quan hệ which còn là một danh từ khi nơi
chốn là bổ nghĩa cho một động từ như visit
IV WHOSE : T hay thế cho sở hữu của người, vật (his-, her-, its-, their-, our-, my-,
-'s )
EX: - John found the cat Its leg was broken.
—» John found the cat whose leg was broken.
V THAT : thay thế cho người, vật Làm chủ từ, túc từ trong MĐQH
EX: - I need to meet the boy that is my friend's son.
- She has a car that is made in Japan.
*NOTE: ( quan trọng, cần chú ý )
* Không được dùng that trong những trường hợp :
+ Mệnh đề quan hệ không có giới hạn (Non- Defining)
EX: - Mary, ( who / that ) sits next to me, is good at maths.
Trang 3—» Mary, who sits next to me, is good at maths ( Không được dùng that )
+ Sau giới từ :
EX: - The girl to ( whom / that ) I was talking yesterday is my sister
—»The girl to whom I was talking yesterday is my sister.( Không được dùng that )
* Bắt buộc dùng that trong những trường hợp :
+ Sau danh từ chỉ cả người lẫn vật :
EX
: - I saw a lot of people and vehicles that were moving to the market.
+ Sau những danh từ ở dạng so sánh cực cấp ( superlative ) :
EX: - Yesterday was one of the hottest days that I have ever known.
+ Sau những cách nói mở đầu bằng ' It is/was '
EX: - It is the teacher that is important, not the kind of school he teaches in.
+ Sau 'all, everybody, everything, nothing, nobody, '
EX
: - Answer all the questions that I asked.
VII WHY : thay thế cho cụm trạng từ chỉ lí do : for that reason.
EX: - Tell me the reason You are so sad for that reason.
—» Tell me the reason why you are so sad.
VIII WHEN: Thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ thời gian : then, at that time, on that day
EX
: - Do you remember the day We first met on that day.
—» Do you remember the day when we fisrt met ?
*NOTE: ( bổ sung thêm )
- Ta có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ whom, which khi nó là túc từ ( tân ngữ ) trong MĐQH
có giới hạn ( mệnh đề bổ nghĩa cho 1 danh từ đứng trước chưa xác định ), không được dùng với mệnh đề không có giới hạn ( mệnh đề bổ nghĩa cho 1 danh từ đứng trước đã xác định rồi )
EX: - I know the boy whom you spoke to.
—» I know the boy you spoke to
Trang 4RELATIVE CLAUSE EXERCISES
I Who
1 The girl is Jane She studied at university three years ago
-> The girl
2 A girl was injured in the accident She is now in hospital
-> A girl
3 There's the boy He broke the window
-> There is the boy
4 The man was sick He looked very pale
-> The man
5 The man is playing tennis He is a famous player
-> The man
6 The man is talking to my father He spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen -> The man
7 The children went to New York They speak English
-> The children
8 The woman is standing over there She is my sister
-> The woman
9 The boys came late They were punished
-> The boys
10 There are the policemen They caught the thief
-> There are the policemen
II Which
1 The book is on the table It is mine
-> The book
2.The letter hasn't arrived yet I posted it three days ago
-> The letter
3 The sweets are delicious I bought them yesterday
-> The sweets
Trang 54 I gave you a book It had many pictures
-> I gave you a book _
5 That's the dictionary Bill gave it to me for Christmas
-> That’s the dictionary
6 I’m reading the book I bought it in 1996
-> I’m reading the book
7 The street leads to my school It is very dirty in rainy seasons
-> The street _
8 The novel read two days ago It had 450 pages
-> The novel _
9 The computer is old I have used it for 10 years
-> The computer
10 The car parked in front of my house It had black
-> The car
III Whom
1 Do you like the people? Sarah invited them to her party
-> Do you like the people ?
2 The man is John We are talking to him
-> The man
3 The girl is a famous singer I wanted to meet her
-> The girl
4 I know the girl I spoke to this girl
-> I know the girl _
5 I remembered the man I had seen him at the concert
-> I remembered the man _
Trang 66 The boy is my nephew You met him at the party.
-> The boy
7 The woman is wearing a pink hat I met her at the supermarket yesterday
-> The man
8 The boy is Tom We spoke to him last week
-> The boy
9 The chilren broke the window We punished them yesterday
-> The children
10 The lady came to the meeting late yesterday morning I would like talk to her -> The lady
IV Whose
1 I met a friend Her daughter is a famous singer
-> I met a friend
2 This is the boy His father lived in London three years ago
-> This is the boy
3 Jack is my new friend His parents come from China
-> Jack is my new friend _
4 The girl is studying maths in this classroom Her mother went on abroad last year -> The girl
5 That is the man His family moved to the flat two months ago
-> That is the man _
6 I spoke to the girl His mother is a famous doctor
Trang 7-> I spoke to the girl _
7 We met the boy His invention was famous in the world
-> We met the boy _
8 I’ll introduce you to the man His support for the project is essential -> I’ll introduce you to the man
9 Harry is an engineer His wife has just given birth to twins
-> Harry is an engineer _
10 This is the woman Her daughter is a director of a big company
-> This is the woman _
V Where
1 I recently went back to Paris I was born there nearly 50 years ago -> I recently went back to Paris _
2 That's the palace The Queen lives in it
-> That is the palace
3 Here is a postcard of the village We spent three days there
-> Here is a postcard of the village _
4 This is the hotel He has stayed there for three weeks
-> This is the hotel
5 Paris is the capital We lived there 5 months ago
-> Paris is the capital
Trang 86 That's the house I was born in it
-> That’s the house _
7 This is a big class There are 50 students studying in it
-> This is a big class
8 Hoa Binh is a small village I was born and grew up there
-> Hoa Binh is a small village
9 That is a flat He met Jane there 4 years ago
-> That’s a flat
VI/ WHEN
1/ 4th June is the day I was born on that day
2/ May Day is the day People hold a meeting on that day
3/ Summer is the time The weather is very hot then
4/ I don’t like Summer It’s often hot then
5/ We have not decided the day I’ll go to London on that day
6/ 7:30 is the time My plane will arrive then
7/ We first met in 1945 The revolution took place then
Trang 98/ I don’t know the time She will come back then.
→ I don’t know the time when she will come back
9/ Sunday is the day _ we usually go fishing on
10/ Sunday is the day _ we usually go fishing
11/ I’ll never forget the day I first met her
12/ A night is the time of the day which it is dark outside
VII/ WHY
1/ I don’t know the reason You didn’t go to school for that reason
1/ I do not know the reason She left school for it
VIII NON- DEFINING CLAUSE.
1/Dublin is the capital of Ireland It is my favourite city
2/Amelia speaks English and Chinese fluently Her mother is from Shanghai
Trang 103/This smartphone takes great photos I bought last week.
4/ Buckingham Palace is in the centre of London The Queen of England lives in
5/ Ferraris are very expensive They are made in Italy
6/ Russell Crowe was born in New Zealand He starred in Gladiator.
7/ Emily is in my English class Her brother is a singer,
8/ Mr Kemp is going to retire next year He teaches us Physics
9/ The White House is in Washington DC The US president lives in
10/ My brother earns a lot of money He works in Warsaw
11/ Venice is a very old city It is in Italy
12/ The Ritz Hotel is very expensive We stayed last year
13/ John Lennon was a member of The Beatles He was born in 1940,
Trang 1114/ My car broke down again I bought last month.
15/ Molly speaks French very well Her father is from Paris
16/ Valencia is a great place Valencia is due east of Madrid
17/Jimbo is living in Thailand now Jimbo got divorced last year
18/ Clare is a good teacher I don't like Clare very much
19/ My greasy neighbour stinks of after-shave My greasy neighbour is a bus driver
20/ Almeria is very dry The beaches of Almeria are wonderful
21/ The school was built in 1907 The school has about 800 students
22/ The government handled the diplomatic crisis badly The government is facing corruption charges
23/ The Plaza Redonda square is near the cathedral They hold a market in The Plaza Rodonda square every Sunday (use WHERE)
Trang 1224/ Samantha is coming to the party.Samantha's mother is mayoress of this town
25/ The Flaca pub rocks I met my girlfriend in The Flaca
26/ My grandmother came from the North of England She is dead now
27/ I spoke to Fred He explained the problem.
28/ The old man looked at the tree He had often sat under
29/ We stopped at the museum we'd never been into.
30/ She's studying maths Many people hate it.
31/ I've just met Susan Her husband works in London.
32/ He had thousands of books He had read most of them.
33/ The writer has just published his second novel He lives in this luxurious mansion
34/ My sister is a lawyer She is five years younger than me
Trang 1335/ Next summer I’m going to India I’ve never been before.
36/ He didn’t even say “Thank you” I found really rude
37/ My boss travels to Paris regularly His wife is French
38/ My new coat is very warm and comfortable I bought it in New York
39/ Jim is my best friend I’ve known him for years
40/ Lady Gaga is only 24 She is a well-known star
41/ Tom Cruise is a famous American actor He has starred a lot film
42/ Queen Elizabeth II has been the queen of England for 57 years now She is 83
43/ London is one of the largest cities in the world It is the capital of England
44/That is the woman She keeps this library
45/Here is the book It is on wild animals
Trang 1446/The teacher is Mr Trung He is reading in the library.
47/The long table is for reading It is in the middle of the room
48/The large room is the library It is near the principal’s office
49/Jack has many dictionaries They are kept for reference
50/The woman is Mrs Tam She works in the library
51/John is the boy He plays the guitar