*NOTE: bổ sung thêm - Ta có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ whom, which khi nó là túc từ tân ngữ trong MĐQH có giới hạn mệnh đề bổ nghĩa cho 1 danh từ đứng trước chưa xác định , không đư[r]
(1)Mệnh Đề Quan Hệ A Theory: Defining adjective clauses Restrictive relative clauses Non- Defining adjective clauses Non- Restrictive relative clauses - Là thành phần câu; Là phần thêm vào để giải thích hay thêm thông tin cho tiền nó xác định hay phân loại tiền ngữ, ngữ Nếu bỏ mệnh đề tính từ, tiền ngữ có nghĩa đầy đủ và không thể bỏ Ex: That boy, who is sitting in the front row, is the best in Ex: The house which is on the street class corner is a library - Khi S: a famous name ( Ha Long / Mr.Brown….), - Khi S: the man, the boy, the girl, a this/that/these/those + N… woman, a man, the book… - Using commas (,) between clauses - No using commas (,) between - Can’t use That clauses - That can be replaced Who / Whom/ Which… Mệnh đề tính từ hay mệnh đề quan hệ (MĐQH) đặt sau danh từ để bổ nghĩa, nó nối các đại từ quan hệ ( Relative pronouns) : WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHERE, THAT, WHOSE, WHY, WHEN I WHO : Thay cho người, làm chủ từ MĐQH EX: - I need to meet the boy The boy is my friend's son —» I need to meet the boy who is my friend's son II WHOM : Thay cho người, làm túc từ MĐQH EX: - I know the girl You spoke to this girl —» I know the girl whom you spoke to *NOTE: Đứng sau đại từ quan hệ who thường là động từ, còn sau đại từ quan hệ whom thường là danh từ III WHICH :Thay cho vật, đồ vật Vừa làm chủ từ, vừa là túc từ MĐQH EX: - She works for a company It makes cars —» She works for a company which makes cars IV WHERE : thay cho nơi chốn: there, at that place, Làm chủ từ, túc từ MĐQH EX: - The movie theater is the place We can see films at that place —» The movie theater is the place where we can see the films *NOTE: Đứng sau đại từ quan hệ which thường là động từ, còn sau đại từ quan hệ where thường là danh từ Sau đại từ quan hệ which còn là danh từ nơi chốn là bổ nghĩa cho động từ visit V WHOSE:Thay cho sở hữu người, vật (his-, her-, its-, their-, our-, my-, -'s ) EX: - John found the cat Its leg was broken —» John found the cat whose leg was broken VI THAT : thay cho người, vật Làm chủ từ, túc từ MĐQH EX: - I need to meet the boy that is my friend's son - She has a car that is made in Japan *NOTE: ( quan trọng, cần chú ý ) * Không dùng that trường hợp : + Mệnh đề quan hệ không có giới hạn (Non- Defining) EX: - Mary, ( who / that ) sits next to me, is good at maths —» Mary, who sits next to me, is good at maths ( Không dùng that ) + Sau giới từ : EX: - The girl to ( whom / that ) I was talking yesterday is my sister —»The girl to whom I was talking yesterday is my sister.( Không dùng that ) * Bắt buộc dùng that trường hợp : + Sau danh từ người lẫn vật : EX: - I saw a lot of people and vehicles that were moving to the market (2) + Sau danh từ dạng so sánh cực cấp ( superlative ) : EX: - Yesterday was one of the hottest days that I have ever known + Sau cách nói mở đầu ' It is/was ' EX: - It is the teacher that is important, not the kind of school he teaches in + Sau 'all, everybody, everything, nothing, nobody, ' EX: - Answer all the questions that I asked VII WHY : thay cho cụm trạng từ lí : for that reason EX: - Tell me the reason You are so sad for that reason —» Tell me the reason why you are so sad VIII WHEN : Thay cho cụm từ thời gian : then, at that time, on that day EX:- Do you remember the day We first met on that day —» Do you remember the day when we fisrt met ? *NOTE: ( bổ sung thêm ) - Ta có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ whom, which nó là túc từ ( tân ngữ ) MĐQH có giới hạn ( mệnh đề bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước chưa xác định ), không dùng với mệnh đề không có giới hạn ( mệnh đề bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước đã xác định ) EX: - I know the boy whom you spoke to —» I know the boy you spoke to RELATIVE CLAUSE EXERCISES I Who The girl is Jane She studied at university three years ago -> The girl A girl was injured in the accident She is now in hospital -> A girl There's the boy He broke the window -> There is the boy The man was sick He looked very pale -> The man The man is playing tennis He is a famous player -> The man The man is talking to my father He spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen -> The man The children went to New York They speak English -> The children The woman is standing over there She is my sister -> The woman The boys came late They were punished -> The boys 10 There are the policemen They caught the thief -> There are the policemen II Which The book is on the table It is mine -> The book 2.The letter hasn't arrived yet I posted it three days ago -> The letter The sweets are delicious I bought them yesterday -> The sweets I gave you a book It had many pictures -> I gave you a book _ That's the dictionary Bill gave it to me for Christmas -> That’s the dictionary I’m reading the book I bought it in 1996 -> I’m reading the book The street leads to my school It is very dirty in rainy seasons (3) -> The street _ The novel read two days ago It had 450 pages -> The novel _ The computer is old I have used it for 10 years -> The computer 10 The car parked in front of my house It had black -> The car III Whom Do you like the people? Sarah invited them to her party -> Do you like the people ? The man is John We are talking to him -> The man The girl is a famous singer I wanted to meet her -> The girl I know the girl I spoke to this girl -> I know the girl _ I remembered the man I had seen him at the concert -> I remembered the man _ The boy is my nephew You met him at the party -> The boy The woman is wearing a pink hat I met her at the supermarket yesterday -> The man The boy is Tom We spoke to him last week -> The boy The chilren broke the window We punished them yesterday -> The children 10 The lady came to the meeting late yesterday morning I would like talk to her -> The lady IV Whose I met a friend Her daughter is a famous singer -> I met a friend This is the boy His father lived in London three years ago -> This is the boy Jack is my new friend His parents come from China -> Jack is my new friend _ The girl is studying maths in this classroom Her mother went on abroad last year -> The girl That is the man His family moved to the flat two months ago -> That is the man _ I spoke to the girl His mother is a famous doctor -> I spoke to the girl _ We met the boy His invention was famous in the world -> We met the boy _ I’ll introduce you to the man His support for the project is essential -> I’ll introduce you to the man Harry is an engineer His wife has just given birth to twins -> Harry is an engineer _ 10 This is the woman Her daughter is a director of a big company -> This is the woman _ V Where I recently went back to Paris I was born there nearly 50 years ago -> I recently went back to Paris _ (4) That's the palace The Queen lives in it -> That is the palace Here is a postcard of the village We spent three days there -> Here is a postcard of the village _ This is the hotel He has stayed there for three weeks -> This is the hotel Paris is the capital We lived there months ago -> Paris is the capital That's the house I was born in it -> That’s the house _ This is a big class There are 50 students studying in it -> This is a big class Hoa Binh is a small village I was born and grew up there -> Hoa Binh is a small village That is a flat He met Jane there years ago -> That’s a flat VI/ WHEN 1/ 4th June is the day I was born on that day 2/ May Day is the day People hold a meeting on that day 3/ Summer is the time The weather is very hot then 4/ I don’t like Summer It’s often hot then 5/ We have not decided the day I’ll go to London on that day 6/ 7:30 is the time My plane will arrive then 7/ We first met in 1945 The revolution took place then 8/ I don’t know the time She will come back then → I don’t know the time when she will come back 9/ Sunday is the day _ we usually go fishing on 10/ Sunday is the day _ we usually go fishing 11/ I’ll never forget the day I first met her 12/ A night is the time of the day which it is dark outside VII/ WHY 1/ I don’t know the reason You didn’t go to school for that reason 1/ I not know the reason She left school for it VIII NON- DEFINING CLAUSE 1/Dublin is the capital of Ireland It is my favourite city 2/Amelia speaks English and Chinese fluently Her mother is from Shanghai 3/This smartphone takes great photos I bought last week 4/ Buckingham Palace is in the centre of London The Queen of England lives in 5/ Ferraris are very expensive They are made in Italy 6/ Russell Crowe was born in New Zealand He starred in Gladiator 7/ Emily is in my English class Her brother is a singer, 8/ Mr Kemp is going to retire next year He teaches us Physics 9/ The White House is in Washington DC The US president lives in 10/ My brother earns a lot of money He works in Warsaw 11/ Venice is a very old city It is in Italy 12/ The Ritz Hotel is very expensive We stayed last year 13/ John Lennon was a member of The Beatles He was born in 1940, 14/ My car broke down again I bought last month 15/ Molly speaks French very well Her father is from Paris 16/ Valencia is a great place Valencia is due east of Madrid 17/Jimbo is living in Thailand now Jimbo got divorced last year 18/ Clare is a good teacher I don't like Clare very much 19/ My greasy neighbour stinks of after-shave My greasy neighbour is a bus driver 20/ Almeria is very dry The beaches of Almeria are wonderful (5) 21/ The school was built in 1907 The school has about 800 students 22/ The government handled the diplomatic crisis badly The government is facing corruption charges 23/ The Plaza Redonda square is near the cathedral They hold a market in The Plaza Rodonda square every Sunday (use WHERE) 24/ Samantha is coming to the party.Samantha's mother is mayoress of this town, 25/ The Flaca pub rocks I met my girlfriend in The Flaca 26/ My grandmother came from the North of England She is dead now 27/ I spoke to Fred He explained the problem 28/ The old man looked at the tree He had often sat under 29/ We stopped at the museum we'd never been into 30/ She's studying maths Many people hate it 31/ I've just met Susan Her husband works in London 32/ He had thousands of books He had read most of them 33/ The writer has just published his second novel He lives in this luxurious mansion 34/ My sister is a lawyer She is five years younger than me 35/ Next summer I’m going to India I’ve never been before 36/ He didn’t even say “Thank you” I found really rude 37/ My boss travels to Paris regularly His wife is French 38/ My new coat is very warm and comfortable I bought it in New York 39/ Jim is my best friend I’ve known him for years 40/ Lady Gaga is only 24 She is a well-known star 41/ Tom Cruise is a famous American actor He has starred a lot film 42/ Queen Elizabeth II has been the queen of England for 57 years now She is 83 43/ London is one of the largest cities in the world It is the capital of England RELATIVE CLAUSES I/ Combine these stentences, using “WHO / WHICH” That is the woman She keeps this library Here is the book It is on wild animals The teacher is Mr Trung He is reading in the library The long table is for reading It is in the middle of the room The large room is the library It is near the principal’s office Jack has many dictionaries They are kept for reference The woman is Mrs Tam She works in the library John is the boy He plays the guitar II Combine these stentences, using “WHOM” I saw the singers I liked them very much They talked about the librarian They admired her The boy is Tom We are looking for him I know the man You want to meet him The girl is a famous singer You meet her at the party last night III/ Combine these stentences, using “WHICH” Daisy loves to read the books He borrows them from the library Mary is cleaning her bike She got it yesterday I’ll repair the washing machine My mother bought it years ago He liked to talk about the shows He liked them best The dress is beautiful She is wearing that dress III Combine these stentences, using “WHOSE” I know the man His bike was stolen The people were nice We visited their house The girl is my sister You took the girl’s picture She has a friend His brother is a soccer player John found a cat Its leg was broken (6)