công thức viết lại câu ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT quốc gia

Adj ngắn_er Vd: I haven’t seen such an amazing film before → This is the first time I have seen such an amazing film → It is the most amazing film I have ever seen... → Much as he is str

Chuyên đề 4: VIẾT LẠI CÂU TỔNG HỢP

1 S+ have/has + not/n’t + V3/ed + O+ for + khoảng thời gian(số+ thời

gian(hour/day/week/month/year/age)

→ S +last+ V2/ed + O+ khoảng t/g + ago

→ It is + khoảng t/g + since + S+ (last) +V2/ed +O

Vd: I haven’t seen him for 2 weeks

→ It is 2 weeks since I last saw him

→ I last saw him 2 weeks ago

2 S+ have/has + not/n’t + V3/ed + O+ for + khoảng thời gian

since+ mốc t/g(năm, mệnh đề t/g(S+V)

→ S+ last+ V2/ed +O +when +mệnh đề thời gian(S+V)

→ The last time +S + V2/ed+ O+ was + in năm/tháng

khoảng t/g +ago

 Nếu sau since là MĐề t/g thì nhớ đổi since " when

 When + Mđề t/g " since+ mđề( đổi when thành since)

 Nếu sau for là khoảng t/g thì đổi for " was+ khoảng t/g +ago.

 Nếu sau since là năm/tháng thì đổi since "was +in+năm/tháng.

Ex: I haven’t heard him since August

→ The last time I heard him was in August

I haven’t seen him since I was a student

→ I last saw him when I was a student

3 not/never + before = It/This is the first time: đây là lần đầu tiên

S+ have/has + not/never + V3/ed + O+ before

→ It/This is the first time +S + have/has + (ever) +V3/ed +O

Vd: I haven’t seen that man here before.

→ It’s the first time I have seen that man here.

4 S+ have/has + not/never + V3/ed + such (a/an) + Adj+ N +before.

→ It/This is the first time +S + have/has + (ever) +V3/ed + such (a/an)

+Adj +N

→It/This is the most +Adj dài +N +S+ have/has (ever)+ V3/ed

the Adj ngắn_est +N

→ S+ have/has + not/never + V3/ed + a more +Adjdài +than this

one.

Adj ngắn_er

Vd: I haven’t seen such an amazing film before

→ This is the first time I have seen such an amazing film

→ It is the most amazing film I have ever seen

5 S + started/began +V_ing/to_inf +O+ khoảng t/g+ ago

→ S+ have/has been + V_ing +O+ for + khoảng t/g.( nhớ bỏ started/began đi, nhớ đổi ago thành for)

→S+ have/has +V3/ed +O+ for + khoảng t/g

Vd: I began to play soccer ten years ago

→ I have been playing soccer for ten years

6 S+ suggested +V_ing( đề nghị)

→ S+ suggested +that+ S + should + Vbare

Vbare

Vd: She suggested taking a rest

→ She suggested that they take a rest

7 It +takes/took + O(người) + t/gian + to_inf (mất ai đó bao lâu để làm gì)

→ S(người) +spend/spent + t/gian+ (on)+ V_ing

Vd: It took him ten days to finish the work

→ He spent ten days on finishing the work

8 get +O (người)+ to_inf (nhờ ai) = get/have +O(vật) +V3/ed

have+ O(người) + Vbare

vd: I get the man to wash my car

→ I get my car washed by the man

9 This is the first time+ have/has + V3/ed  S +V (TO BE) + not used to + V-ing

< Đây là lần đầu tiên > < Không quen làm việc gì > Vd: This is the first time I have ever travelled by plane

 I am not used to traveling by plane

10 It + is+ khoảng thời gian + since + S +V2/ed



 S + have/ has +V3/ed + for + khoảng thời gian

vd: It’s 5 years since we started learning English

 I have started learning English for 5 years

11.S+ V2/ed + khoảng thời gian + ago

 It + is + khoảng thời gian + since + S + V2/ed

Vd: I went to Hue 6 months ago

 It’s 6 months since I went to Hue

12 The last time+ S+V2/ed + O + was+ time

< Lần cuối cùng làm gì >

→ S+ have/ has + not + V3/ed + O+ for(khoảng thời gian) /since (năm, mốc thời gian)

→ S+ last + V 2/ed + time

Vd: Mary last met her husband yesterday/ The last time Mary met was yesterday

 Mary has not met her husband since yesterday

13 No sooner+ had+ S + V3/ed than S + V2/ed(chẳng bao lâu thì)

= Hardly/scarely + had+ S + V3/ed when S + V2/ed

Vd: No sooner had he gone home than the phone rang

14 Vế 1(S+ V2/ed) Then vế 2 (S+ V2/ed).

After S+ had + V3/ed(chia vế 1), S+ V2/ed(chia vế 2)

S+ V2/ed (chia vế 2) after S+ had + V3/ed(chia vế 1).

1 Julia cleaned the house Then she went shopping

"After Julia had cleaned the house she went shooping

15 As soon as / Just immediately

→ No sooner + had + V3/ed (vế sau as soon as/just immedidately)+ than + S+V2/ed(vế còn lại

→Hardly / Scarely+ had + V3/ed + When + S+V2/ed < Chẳng bao lâu… thì….>

Vd: The bomb went off as soon as the police got out of the house

→No sooner had the police gone than the bom went off

→Scarely/ hardly had the police gone when the bomb went off

16 (adj) (adj) ( adj) (adj) both +(adv) +and (adv) → not only + (adv) + but also + (adv) (N) (N) (N) (N)

<vừa> <vừa> <không những> <mà còn>

Vd: The boy is both smart and careful

→ The boy is not oonly smart but also careful

17 S+ no longer+verb(t)= S+ doesn’t/ don’t/didn’t + Vbare inf …… any more (ko còn……)

=No longer do/does/did + S+ V bare inf

=s + be(db) + no longer … = No longer +be + S

Vd: He no longer eats cake

→ He doesn’t eat cake any more

→ No longer does he eat cake

→ He is no longer… (cái này e ko hiểu lắm

18 S+ be+not + EITHER +adj +OR +be(not) +adj < vừa….vừa…./ hoặc….hoặc>

→ S+ be(KĐ) + NEITHER + adj +NOR + adj <không… Cũng không>

Vd: The theatre was not clean and not comfortable

→ the theatre was neither clean nor comfortable

19 It is kind/nice of s.o+ to inf

= Snguoi+be+ kind/nice + to inf

vd: it is kind of you to give me money

→ You are kind to give me money

20 once/twice/half + số + times as + adj/adv +as + S+ V

vd: She types twice as fast as I

21.It+ V+ such+ (a/an)+ adj+ N+ that….

→ The + N+V+so+ adj+ that (quá… đến nỗi)

Vd: It was such a beautiful girl that everybody loved her

→ The girl is so beautiful that everybody loved her

22.S+V+ so+ adj/adv+that….+ (còn it/them)

→ S+V(KĐ) +too +adj/adv +to-inf( k còn it/them) (quá… đến nỗi)

Vd: The film is so boring that I can’t watch it

→ The film is too boring for me to watch

Lưu ý: khi dùng too….to phải ở thể KĐ

23 S+V+ too+ adj/adv +(for O) +to-inf < quá… đến nỗi… >

→ S+V+ not+ adj/adv trái nghĩa+ enough+ (for O)+ to-inf <không đủ….để làm gì> Vd:The water is too hot for me to drink→The water is not warm enough for me to drink

24 S+ should/ought to/ had better +Vbare(nên)

→ It’s time for O(người) to_inf (Đã tới lúc)

→ It’s time+ S+ V2/ed

Vd: You should go to bed

→ It’s time for you to go to bed

→ It’s time you went to bed

25 Even though + S+V( mệnh đề là còn S và thì V) = Despite + V_ing/N(cụm danh từ: The +N)

Although In spite of

→ Much as+ S+V

→ Adj/Adv + as/though +S+V

→No matter how +adj/adv +S+V

→However adj/adv +S+V

→ Despite the fact that +S+ V

Vd: Although he is strong, he lost the game

→ Much as he is strong, he lost the game

→ Strong as he is, he lost the game

→ No matter how strong he is, he lost the game

→ However strong he is, he lost the game

→ Despite of the fact that he is strong, he lost the game

26 Because/since/ as (bởi vì) +S+ V

→ Because of

Due to +V-ing/ N

Owning to

→ Because of the fact that +S+V

Vd: Because it rained heavily, he couldn’t go to school

→ Because of the fact that it rained heavily, he couldn’t go to school

→ Because of the heavy rain, he couldn’t go to school

*Cách đổi mệnh đề (S+V) sang cụm danh từ( N/V-ing):

a S+ V

-C1: V-ing ( bỏ S, đưa V về nguyên mẫu rồi thêm –ing)

-C2: S’s + V-ing ( đưa S về thành TTSH)

TTSH

Vd: Although my mother is sick

→ in spite of my mother’s being sick

b S+ be+adj

→ S’s + N ( bỏ be, đưa adj về N)

TTSH

Vd: Because she is sick

→ Because of her sickness

c It+ be+ adj

→ The + N ( bỏ be, đưa adj về N)

Vd: It is rainy

→ The rain

d It+ V+ adv

→ The adj + N( đưa động từ về N, đưa adv về thành adj( bỏ ly))

Vd: It rained heavily

→ The heavy rain

e The +N+ be +adj

TTSH turn

→ The +adj +N ( bỏ be/turn đi)

TTSH

Đổi adj → N

Happ

Happiness

No

27 because (not) to-inf S+ V+ so that +S+want to → S+V+ so as (not) to

in order that <để mà> in order (not) to Vd: Mary went shopping because she wanted to buy some jeans.

→ Mary went shopping in order to/ so as to/to buy some jeans.

28 In spite of/ Despite +N/ cụm N /V-ing

→ Despite the fact that+ S+V < Bất chấp>

Vd: In spite of getting high salary, he isn’t happy.

→ Despite the fact that he gets high salary, he isn’t happy.

29 Although/ Even though+ S +V → In spite of/despite + V-ing/ cụm N

< Mặc dù> < Bất chấp>

Vd: Although/ even though she was ill, she tried to go to school.

→ Inspite of her illness/ Despite her being ill, she tried to go to school

30 To-inf/ V-ing + be+ adj

→ It+ be+ adj+ to-inf

Vd: Playing games is really exciting → It is really exciting to play computer.

31 Having+ V3/ed + O , S+ V2/ed

→ After +S+ had+ V3/ed(vế 1), S+ V2/ed(vế 2)

Vd: Having finished her English course, she applied for a job.

→ After she had finished her English course, she applied for a job

32 S+ V+ allow + O + to-inf

→ S+let +O + Vbare < cho phép ai làm gì>

Vd: My mother allows me to eat out → my mother lets me eat out

33 S+ find+ it+ easy/dificult + to-inf

→ S+ find+ no difficulty/ ease in+ V-ing < nhận thấy khó/ dễ làm gì đó…>

" S+ be + not used to +V-ing

" S+ have trouble/problem/difficulty in +V-ing

Vd: Carol finds it easy to make friends

→ Caral finds no dificulty in making friends

" Carol is not used to making friends

34 S1+ be + the +so sánh nhất + S2 + have/ has ever + V3/ed

→ S2 + have/has + never + V3/ed + such (a/an) + adj+noun + (like+danh từ riêng) Vd: Mary is the most intelligent girl I have ever met.

→ I have never met such an intelligent girl like Mary.

35 I would like/ want+ S.O + to- inf → Do you mind if +S+V (thì hiện tại đơn) Would you mind + V-ing/

Would you mind if +S+V (thì quá khứ)+…? <Nhờ ai đó làm gì> < Bạn có phiền khi làm….>

Vd: I would like you to open the window

 Would you mind opening the window?

36 S + like/prefer + V-ing + (O) to + V-ing + (O)

→ S+ would rather + V (bare-inf ) + than+ V (bare-inf )

< Thích làm gì… hơn làm thứ khác >

Vd: Henry likes going fishing better than going swimming

→ henry would rather go fishing than go swimming

37 S+ advised+ SO+ to-inf

→S+ had better/should + Vbare

Vd: My mother advised me to travel by train

→ I had better travel by train.

38 S+like/love + ST

→ S+ be+ fond of/interested in/ keen on +ST + V-ing

Vd: I love fishing  I am interested in fishing / I am fond of/ keen on fishing

39 Would you like + to-inf ?

→ S+ invited +SO + to-inf/N

offered+ to inf/N < Lời mời, đề nghị ai đó>

Vd: Would you like to go swimming with me? → She invited me to go swimming

40.

CĐ: S1( people, they/we)+V1(say/said/think/thought/believe/know) (that) +S2+V2+O(chép

nốt)

< Người ta nói/nghĩ/bảo…… rằng>

BĐ: C1: It is/was + V3/ed that S2 +V2 +O (Chép nốt)

(phụ thuộc vào V1

và đưa V1 về BĐ)

C2: S2 + HT:is/am/are + V3/ed + to_inf( nếu ko thỏa mãn V1(HT) that V2(QK) thì đưa V2

về to-inf)

QK:was/were +V3/ed to have V3/ed

Phụ thuộc V1 (nếu thỏa mãnV1(HT: Vs/es/bare) ….that (QK: was/were/last/ago/

yesterday/năm qk)

Vd: People say/think that he is 150 years old.

→ It’s said/thought that he is 150 years old / He is said/thought to be 90 years old.

41.S+ V(KĐ) + so sánh hơn( adv/adj ngắn_ er/ dài_est) + THAN + S+ V

→ S + V(PĐ) + AS + adj/ adv + AS + S

Vd: He is handsomer than his brother  His brother is not as handsome as he is

42 It + be + (high) time + for S.O + to-inf(đã tới lúc)

 It + be + (high) time + S + V2/ed (thì qk)

Vd: It’s time for us to go home → It’s time we went home

43 Nhờ ai đó làm gì:

Active(CĐ): ask/request/get/ want + O( người) + to-inf

↓ Have +O(người) +Vbare

Passive(BĐ): ask/request/get/ want +O(vật) +V3/ed

Have

Vd: I had the boy polish my shoes

→ I asked/ am going to ask/wanted/ had my shoes polished by the boy.

44 Whose + N + is + this/ that/…?

→ Who + do/does/did/ this/that+ N ít + belong to? < Vật gì của ai vậy? > Whose + N + are + these/those…?

→ Who + do/did+ these/those+ N nhiều + belong to?

Vd: Whose book is this?  Who does this book belong to?

45

Dạng 1 : S1 + V1 + Because / Because of + S2 + V2/(Noun phrase)

If (chia vế sau because) , MĐC ( vế còn lại)

Dạng 2 : S1 + V1 + So / Therefore S2 + V2

As a result / That’s why

If ( chia vế 1) , MĐC (chia vế 2)

- B1: Xác định câu đó thuộc dạng gì

- B2: Xác định từng vế ở HT hay QK:

+ Nếu ở hiện tại( is/am/are/don’t/doesn’t/Vs/es/bare/now/today… ) thì chia Đk2

If S + V2/ed , S+ would/could + Vbare

+Nếu ở quá khứ(was/were/V2/ed/yesterday/ago/….) thì chia Đk3

If + S+ had + V3/ed, S + would/could have V3/ed

-B3: Xác định từng vế là KĐ hay PĐ để đổi ngược lại( nhớ đổi cả hai vế)

- B4: Nhớ bỏ because/so/that’s why/therefore

*Chú ý: any(PĐ) đổi thành some(KĐ)

- Vế nào cũng phải thực hiện đủ bước 2(đổi thì, đổi ngược lại)

Dạng 3: If đổi sang unless:

Mệnh đề if Mệnh đề chính

Dạng 1: If + PĐ (not)

↓

→ Unless + KĐ

- Vế sau giữ nguyên

Dạng 2: If +KĐ

↓

→ Unless ( Vế này giữ nguyên KĐ)

- Đổi ngược lại KĐ → PĐ

PĐ → KĐ

*Quy tắc đổi KĐ → PĐ:

PĐ → KĐ

-Vđb( is,am,are,was,were,would,could,should,will… )

KĐ: S + Vđb (bỏ not)

↑↓ ↓↑

PĐ: S+ Vđb + not (thêm not)

- V thường:

KĐ: Vs/es (bỏ doesn’t thêm s/es)

↑↓ ↓↑

PĐ: doesn’t +Vbare ( bỏ s/es)

- Vbare:

KĐ: S nhiều( I,we,you,they) +Vbare (bỏ don’t)

↑↓ ↓↑

PĐ: don’t+ Vbare (thêm don’t)

- V2/ed (QKĐ):

KĐ: V2/ed (thêm ed hoặc đưa V1 về V2)

↑↓ ↓↑

PĐ: didn’t + Vbare (thêm didn’t + bỏ ed )

Đưa V2 về V1

Vd: If you don’t work hard, you won’t pass the exam

Unless you work hard, you won’t pass the exam

Dạng 4: But for/ Without(nếu không có) + N

ĐK 2: But for + N, S+ would/could + Vbare

= But for the fact that + S+ V2/ed, S + would/could + Vbare

= if it weren’t for +N, + would/could + Vbare

ĐK 3: But for + N, S+ would/could + have+ V3/ed

= But for the fact that + S+ had V3/ed, S+ would/could + have+ V3/ed

= if it hadn’t been for +N, S+ would/could + have+ V3/ed

Dạng 5 :

Vbare + OR + S+ will+ Vbare

= Unless you + V bare(chia vế 1) , S+ will+ Vbare( nhớ bỏ or)(chép lại vế2) = If you don’t + V bare , S+ will+ Vbare

= If you aren’t , S+ will+ Vbare

= Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam.

= If you don’t study hard, you will fail the exam.

46 If+S+ V + (not)

 Unless + S+ V KĐ < Nếu ….không…>

Vd: If you don’t work hard, you won’t pass the exam

Unless you work hard, you

47 S+ V (not)…+ anymore/ any longer

→ No longer + V + S < Không còn nữa >

Vd: She wasn’t a famous singer anymore/any longer

→ No longer was she a famous singer.

48 This is the first time+ have/has + V3/ed  S +V (TO BE) + not used to + V-ing

< Đây là lần đầu tiên > < Không quen làm việc gì > Vd: This is the first time I have ever travelled by plane

 I am not used to traveling by plane

49 It + is+ khoảng thời gian + since + S +V2/ed



 S + V + have/ has +V3/ed + for + khoảng thời gian

vd: It’s 5 years since we started learning English

 I have started learning English for 5 years

Vd: Remember to send me a letter

 Don't forget to send me a letter

46 A hơn B (than)= B không bằng A(as):

B hơn (trái nghĩa A) A( than)

A+ V (KĐ)+ So sánh hơn (adj/adv ngắn –ER) +than + B +V

(more+ adj/adv dài)

C1: → B +V1(PĐ) +as + adj/adv +as+ A +V2

C2:→ B +V1(KĐ) + So sánh hơn( adj/adv trái nghĩa) +than + A+V2

Lưu ý: - Nếu V1 là Vđb (is/am/are/will/can/….) thì V2 được lặp lại Vđb

- Nếu V1 là Vs/es thì V2 mượn trợ động từ does: He,she,it

- Nếu V1 là Vbare thì V2 mượn trợ động từ do: I, we, you, they

- Nếu V1 là V2/ed thì V2 mượn trợ động từ did

Vd: My house is bigger than your house

→ Your house is not as big as mine

→ Your house is smaller than mine

Nam plays football better than I do

→ I don’t play football as well as Nam does

47 Không ai tốt hơn A(than)= không ai… bằng A(as) → A là nhất

-Nobody/one in+N1 +V(KĐ)+ so sánh hơn( (adj/adv ngắn –ER) ) + than +A+V

(more+ adj/adv dài)

→ A +V+ the + so sánh nhất+ N( boy/girl/ student/….) + in+ N1

-Noone/body + in +N1+ V+ as+ adj/adv +as +A +V

→A+ V+ the+so sánh nhất ( THE adj/adv ngắn + EST) +in+ N1

THE most adv/adj dài

Vd: Nobody in class is taller than Huy

→ Huy is the tallest student in class