16 ANSYS Hướng dẫn sử dụng ANSYS CFX

Entwicklung elektrischer Maschinen mitANSYS Maxwell Olaf Hädrich, ANSYS ANSYS Conference & CADFEM Austria Users‘ Meeting Linz, 2016-04-21... Multi-Slice in Maxwell2D Transient• Solve mac

Entwicklung elektrischer Maschinen mit

ANSYS Maxwell

Olaf Hädrich, ANSYS

ANSYS Conference & CADFEM Austria Users‘ Meeting Linz, 2016-04-21

-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 -400 -200 0 200 400

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-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 -400 -200 0 200 400

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Electrical Machine Sizing

Workbench System wide optimization using CAD parameters

0D

Circuits,

System

Electrical Machine Sizing – RMxprt

• Analytical electromagnetic solution

 Input data as on data sheet

 Geometry, winding layout

 Saturation, core losses

 Comprehensive results

• Machine parameters

• Performance curves

Electrical Machine Sizing – RMxprt

• Fast solution (1 s)

• Fast variations / optimization

• Sizing: Initial design

• Fast analysis of existing

Maxwell – Machine Model Generation

0.00801603ohm RB

0.00801603ohm RC

7.95824e-006H LA

7.95824e-006H LB

7.95824e-006H LC

SModel1

Automatically setup – Geometry

– Motion – Boundaries – Excitations – Materials – Mesh Operations – Solve Setup

Maxwell – Transient 2D/3D

• Efficiency of use, automatic meshing

• PE-switched excitation (circuits)

• Large Motion

• dB/dt transients – fully integrated solution

• Various loss schemes

 Windings: Stranded losses

 Laminated steel: Core losses

 Solids and magnets: Eddy current losses

• Nonlinear, anisotropic, laminated

• Demagnetization, magnetization

Maxwell – Auto-Adaptive Meshing

Geometry, materials,

excitations, boundaries Create Initial Mesh Calculate Field

Calculate Field Accuracy

-0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

0.405795ohm RB

0.405795ohm RC

2.40191e-005H*Kle LA

2.40191e-005H*Kle LB

2.40191e-005H*Kle LC

LabelID=VIA

LabelID=VIB

LabelID=VIC

+ 0.8VLabelID=V14 + 0.8VLabelID=V15 + 0.8VLabelID=V16

100ohm R17 100ohm R18 100ohm R19 LabelID=IVc1 LabelID=IVc2 LabelID=IVc3

D28 D29

D30

D31 D32

D33 D34

D35 D36

SModel1

Maxwell –Transient Motion & Circuits

• Integrated transient simulation

 Saturation

 Eddy currents

 Switching by power-electronic circuits embedded

 Large motion effects with nonlinear mechanical load

Maxwell – Core Loss Evaluation

• Coreloss from fundamental vs PWM excitation

Sine only, steel:

Some Typical 3D Effects

• End turn shielding

 2D: Guess from 2D Eddy RZ

 3D: Inherently correct

• Segmented magnets

 2D: Neglect

 3D: Inherently correct

Multi-Slice in Maxwell2D Transient

• Solve machine with skewed rotor

using several slices in Maxwell2D

 Specify skew angle, number of slices

 Maxwell will solve all slices and

recombine results

• Compare: Skewed rotor Multi-slice model

2D (without considering 3D skew effects) 2D multi-slices (considering 3D skew effects)

Multi-Motion in Maxwell2D Transient

• Multiple rotational motions

• Bands should not overlap

Five bands defined:

- Forced motion on central magnet

- Free motion on outer four magnets

Maxwell –Thermal Demagnetization

• Leads to significant Torque Reduction

Maxwell –Thermal Demagnetization

Maxwell Eddy Current

• Nonlinear BH-curve for 2D and 3D

• Voltage sources

• Windings

• External Circuits

Maxwell Eddy Current

• GPU support

 Only kicking in when there are more than 2

Million unknowns

 Consumes 1 HPC pack

 Select in the HPC and Analysis Option panel

• Example: High permeable/conductive core

 2.07 Million elements

 3.51 Million unknowns

 Solve time (8 cores): 40:52 min

 Solver time (8 cores + 1 GPU): 20:26 min

 In general, expected speed up is between 1.5 to

Magnetization, Demagnetization

Magnetization

- Magnetize a magnet in magnetizer

- Reuse multiple instances of this magnet in a different design

Demagnetization

- Calculate demagnetization of a permanent magnet in a design

Maxwell - UDO/UDD, Toolkits

• ANSYS Toolkits (Open – Python)

 UDO – User Defined Outputs

 UDD – User Defined Documents

• Allows application specific input

• Extracts application specific data

94.5 95.1

95.1

94.5

93.6 92.2 91.0 85.6 93.9

89.8 92.5

90.1 86.5 54.2

60.4

77.9 91.6 89.2

91.9 89.5

93.3

10 15 20 25 30 35

65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Efficiency Map

Maxwell

Motor-CAD Therm

Makes optimum use of a

minimum number of FEA

calculations to model

saturation and losses to

give the very fast

calculation speed

Duty Cycle Temperature Dependent Efficiency Map

Motor-CAD to Maxwell with Temperature

Effects

Electrical Machine –

System, Integration, Workflow

Workbench System wide optimization using CAD parameters

0D

Circuits,

System

System simulation

• Source Voltage

• Control Logic / Software

• Mechanics, Fluids, Thermal

Field simulation

• Induced voltage

• Magnetic Force / Torque

• Losses: Iron, Copper, Magnet

ERS

ERS

EQUL_I EQUL_D

RMX

A C

N

ROT1 ROT2

Maxwell-Simulink Transient Cosimulation

• Based on source quantity exchange between Maxwell

transient and Simulink

• Non-conservative nodes

• 2D and 3D

Maxwell eModel for HiL Electrical Machines

• Goal – test control hardware,

motor model in the HiL software

Drive Controller Measured

Speed

Motor Drive

HIL System Test Sequence

HIL Motor

Function (array)

Desired Speed

• Equivalent CircuitExtraction (ECE)

Maxwell eModel for HiL Electrical Machines

• Inductive fingerprint

 dYdq /dI dq,(jm) = Jacobian matrix

L dq(jm ) , T(j m)

• Export for

 Circuit solver (Simplorer – ECE)

 State space solver



 x x D x u C

y

u x B x x A x

x

x f u x x

x f

Maxwell eModel for HiL

ECE - Simplorer

Data Table - HIL

• ECE/HIL Workflow

Maxwell eModel for HiL

• eModel for linear motion, transformers, etc

 ECEW_Model: one winding model (R16)

 ECE3_Model: three-phase model (R16)

 ECER_Model: rotation model (R16)

 ECEL_Model: linear motion model (R17)

 ECET_Model: transformer model (R17)

• ECE Model Format

 Simplorer model in file sml

 Look-up table output

TT Transformation

TT

(la, lb, lc) (ld, lq, l0) (Ld, Lq, lm)

Domain decomposition along time-axis

Solve all time steps simultaneously instead of sequentially

Using either:

Time Decomposition Method (TDM)

Time Domain Method - Description

k – Simultaneous Time Steps

n – Parallel Distributed Tasks

Matrix Size

What is a task?

• A task consists in a single solver

instance which can handle one or

several time steps simultaneously.

• A task can use one or multiple cores

(MP)

• All cores used in a task must share

the same memory

• Memory used by a task: sum of

Using Tasks to Solve a Single Subdivision

• While solving 1 subdivision, Maxwell will distribute all the

time steps over all available tasks.

Tend Time Axis

….

Task 1 Task 2 Task 3

…

subdivisions are solved in sequence

Time steps of a subdivision are solved in parallel using tasks

TDM Example - 2D Induction Machine

2500 time steps ( 500ms)

500 time steps ( 100ms)

4300 triangles

5000 time steps ( 1s)

TDM Example - 3D Induction Machine

NodesXCores Total Cores Tasks Subdiv DOFs/Subdiv Solve Time Speed

GB RAM

Cluster:

Cluster with 16 nodes Each node has 8 cores/128 GB RAM

75mins per time step

About 19.5 days total

2011

Maxwell 3D v14 95,000 Tets 13mins per time step About 4 days total

2014

Maxwell 3D R15 95,000 Tets

3mins per time step About 20hours total

2015

Maxwell 3D R16 50,000 Tets

75 sec per time step About 8hours total

ANSYS Ansoft

2016

Maxwell 3D R17 50,000 Tets

3.6 sec per time step About 22.5mins total

1,250 x Speed up

in 10 years

ANSYS Electromagnetic Releases

• ANSYS R17 release in Feb 2016:

 ANSYS Electronics Desktop

 Common tool for all EM/HF/SI products (Maxwell, Simplorer, Q3D, HFSS, …)

 File extension: *.aedt (no *.mxwl anymore)

 Versioning, the following is equivalent

New R17: RMxprt and PExprt Part of Maxwell

• Each Maxwell product * will include one seat of RMxprt andPExprt

• No price changes for Maxwell (PU, LEASE, TECS)

* Maxwell 2D, Maxwell 3D QS, Maxwell 3D, Maxwell3D with EMAG,

Maxwell3D in Multiphysics bundles

Workbench System wide optimization using CAD parameters