Active sentences Câu chủ động : Câu chủ động là câu trong đó chủ ngữ là người hay vật thực hiện hành động.. Passive sentences Câu bị động : Câu bị động là câu trong đó chủ ngữ là người
Trang 1I DEFINITION(Định nghĩa)
1. Active sentences (Câu chủ động) : Câu chủ động là câu trong đó chủ ngữ là người hay vật
thực hiện hành động
Ex : They built the house in this village in 1486
2. Passive sentences (Câu bị động) : Câu bị động là câu trong đó chủ ngữ là người hay vật nhận
hoặc chịu tác động của hành động
Ex : The house was built in this village in 1486
II PASSIVE TRANSFORMATION (Cách đổi sang câu bị động)
Muốn chuyển một câu từ thể chủ động sang thể bị động, ta thực hiện những bước sau
2 Đổi động từ chủ động (VA) thành động từ bị động (VP)
V P = be + past participle (p.p)
Present Simple
S +V (s / es)
People speak English here S + am / is / are + p.pEnglish is spoken here
Present Continuous
S + am / is / are + V-ing
They are painting the house
S + am / is / are + being + p.p
The house is being painted
Present Perfect
S + have / has + p.p
He hasn’t worn jackets for ages S + have / has + been + p.pJackets haven’t been worn for ages Past Simple
S + V 2 / V ed
My mother wrote this letter
S + was / were + p.p
This letter was written by my mother Past Continuous
S + was / were + V-ing
She was doing the homework at that time yesterday
S + was / were + being + p.p
Her homework was being done at that time yesterday
Past Perfect
S + had + p.p
They had destroyed all the documents when they arrived
S + had been + p.p
All the documents had been destroyed when they arrived
Future Simple
S + will / shall + V (b.f)
I will tell you when the time comes
S + will / shall + be + p.p
You will be told when the time comes Future Continuous
S + will / shall + be + V-ing
We will be holding tasks at this time next year
S + will / shall + be + being + p.p
Talks will be being held at this time next year
Future Perfect
S + will / shall + have + p.p
You will have finished this report before Tuesday
S + will / shall + have been + p.p
This report will have been finished by Tuesday
Ex : The President presented the medals The medals was presented by the President
nobody, no one thường được bỏ đi trong cây bị động.
Ex : Somebody left this purse in a classroom This purse was left in a classroom
chia ở dạng phủ định
Ex : Nobody saw him leaving the room He wasn’t seen leaving the room.
Vị trí của các trạng từ trong câu bị động :
Trang 2Ex : This problem has been carefully studied by the scientists
She had never been promoted if she wouldn’t have changed her job.
Ex : The report was typed by the secretary this morning.
Ex : He was found in the forest by the police.
III SPECIAL CASES : (Các trường hợp đặc biệt)
1 Questions : (Câu hỏi)
E.g : Should we help Jane with the sewing ? Should Jane be helped with the sewing ?
What time can the boy hand in their papers ? What time can the boys’ papers be handed
in ?
By whom were you taught to speak English ?
2 Verb with two objects : (Động từ với hai tân ngữ)
D.O) thì cả 2 tân ngữ đó đều có thể làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động
(a) V + indirect object (I.O) + direct object (D.O)
E.g : He gave (I.O) the police (D.O) information
E.g : He gave the (D.O) information to (I.O) the police.
E.g : The police were given information.
E.g : The information were given to the police.
trực tiếp
E.g : The council have awarded Andrew the grand prize for his essay.
The grand prize has been awarded to Andrew for his essay by the council (less common)
promise, write, teach,…
3 Verb of perception : (Động từ chỉ giác quan)
dùng trong cấu trúc này là : feel, see, watch, hear,…
E.g : We saw them go out of the house
They were seen to go out of the house
I heard him run upstairs He was heard to run upstairs
E.g : They made him tell the truth He was told to tell the truth
You should help the old carry their heavy bags The old should be helped to carry the heavy bags
dạng bị động để thay thế
E.g : They let is go We were let go (We were allowed to go)
4 To-infinitive & infinitive passive : (Động từ nguyên mẫu có TO và không TO)
- Các động từ chỉ mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu, sự cho phép, lời
khuyên, lời mời,… được dùng theo cấu trúc sau : ask, tell, request, advice, order, allow, invite
E.g : He asked me to send a stamp I was asked to send a stamp.
They advised us to go early We were advised to go early
5 Reporting verb with THAT clause : (Động từ tường thuật với mệnh dề THAT)
Active : Subject + verb + bare infinitive / V-ing
Passive : Subject + be + V 3 / V ed + to – infinitive / V-ing
S + be + V 3 / V ed + to-infinitive
Trang 3- Mệnh đề that được dùng làm tân ngữ cho các
động từ : allege, announce, hope, believe, claim, consider, expect, know, report, rumor, say, think,…
sau
MAIN CLAUSE THAT CLAUSE
E.g : We know that he is an honest man. They say that the castle was built in the 19th century
the 19th century
19th century
6 Imperative form : (Mệnh lệnh cách)
E.g : Turn off all the lights before leaving the workshop
All the lights must be turned off before you leave the workshop
Note : Trong trường hợp câu mệnh lệnh có 2 vế thì cần phải xem xét kĩ chủ ngữ của từng vế, khi đối sang câu bị động phải đổi kèm với chủ từ vế sau để tránh lỗi về phân từ (dangling participial phrases)
7 Causative form : (Thể sai khiến)
ta nhờ hoặc sắp xếp cho ai làm một việc gì
đó cho chúng ta
E.g : I will get a mechanic to repair my car
The manager had his secretary type the document The manager had his document typed by the secretary
Note : Người ta thường sử dụng cấu trúc bị động của thể nhờ vả hơn là thể chủ động
xảy ra cho người hay vật nào đó
E.g : The shops had its beautiful windows broken in a strong storm
Mr Mai has just had her wallet stolen on the bus
EXERCISES
1 I asked Jack to polish my shoes
2 Jack will ask the Mason to build his house
3 They are going to tell us to play football
4 She has told the maid to wash her clothes
5 Tom has told the dentist to pull his decaying tooth
6 She told the police to catch the thief
7 We shall ask John to give you this book
8 He had a mechanic repair his car engine
9 Mary often asks the postman to mail her letter
10 I will ask the painter to paint my house soon
11 Mr Green has told the electrician to repair his electric fan
Active : S 1 + V 1 + (that) S 2 + V 2
Passive : * It + be + (that) V 3 / V ed + S2 + V2
* S2 + be + V 3 / V ed + to + bare-infinitive
have + V 3 / V ed
Active : Subject + have sb do sth / get sb to do sth
Passive : Subject + have / get + sth done by sb
Trang 412 Alice is going to tell the manicurist to manicure her nails next Sunday.
II Rewrite these sentences, using Causative Passive Form :
1 The mother has had her daughter make a dress
2 Did you have anyone paint the chair ?
3 The boss has had the servant wash his car
4 We have a carpenter make a desk
5 Mrs Green had had May feed the cat
III Use the correct verb form :
B THE PASSIVE VOICE
I Use the correct passive form of these verbs :
Trang 510 The examinees ……… the result of the examination next week (tell)
II Rewrite these sentences :
She
It
Tom
The situation
5 It is said that she works 16 hours a day
She
The company
It
The man
The president
The prisoners
The buildings
Many people
It
You
15 People believe that he was killed by terrorists
He
III Change these sentences to the passive voice :
Trang 6
4. They chose him as the best actor of the year
20. Why didn’t they mend the roof before it fell in?
28 Mr Tam is painting his pictures with his patience
Trang 7
35 People have built this building of bricks, stones and cement.
40 The artist painted a huge pictures to raise fund for the poor children
43 My father was fixing the electrical sockets at this time yesterday
46 The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant
56 People can’t learn a foreign language in this week
57 They make artificial flower of silk
58 Nick will bring the pizzas to our house
Trang 8
60 They are digging some holes in the garden
songs
77 This is the first time they have written to us about this
Trang 9
85 You were wearing your new hat when I met you yesterday
100.A pair of robins has built a nest in the porch since last week