Slide bài giảng môn Viết 2 Academic Writing 2: unit 1

What is a paragraph?Reasons for Going to University After graduating from high school, many students go on to university, but their reasons for entering higher education vary.. Unlike h

Unit 1: Paragraph to

Short Essay

Review of Paragraph structure

What is a paragraph?

Reasons for Going to University

After graduating from high school, many students go on to university, but their reasons for entering higher education vary First, many students attend to study a particular subject in depth Unlike high schools, which require students to take a wide range of classes, university curriculums allow students to choose a major In each

major, a number of specialized courses are offered, and they are taught by experts in the fields Moreover, universities have various research facilities that help students learn Another common reason for going to university is that a college education often leads to a better career in the future In many countries, people with university degree tend to find better-paying jobs than those without them In addition, some universities provide students with opportunities to acquire practical skills that can be useful in the real world, such as accounting, using computer, and speaking foreign languages To sum

up, students go to university for a variety of reasons: to study a particular field and to find a good job.

(From Chin et al., 2012)

- It is a

group of

sentenc

es

about a

topic.

How many parts are there in a paragraph?

Reasons for Going to University

After graduating from high school, many students go on to university, but their reasons for entering higher education vary First, many students attend to study a particular subject in depth Unlike high schools, which require students to take a wide range of classes, university curriculums allow students to choose a major In each

major, a number of specialized courses are offered, and they are taught by experts in the fields Moreover, universities have various research facilities that help students learn Another common reason for going to university is that a college education often leads to a better career in the future In many countries, people with university degree tend to find better-paying jobs than those without them In addition, some universities provide students with opportunities to acquire practical skills that can be useful in the real world, such as accounting, using computer, and speaking foreign languages To sum

up, students go to university for a variety of reasons: to study a particular field and to find a good job.

- Three

parts:

- Topic

sentence

sentences

sentence

What is a topic sentence?

Reasons for Going to University

After graduating from high school, many students go on to university,

but their reasons for entering higher education vary First, many students attend to study a particular subject in depth Unlike high

schools, which require students to take a wide range of classes, university curriculums allow students to choose a major In each major, a number of specialized courses are offered, and they are taught by

experts in the fields Moreover, universities have various research facilities that help students learn Another common reason for going to university is that a college education often leads to a better career in the future In many countries, people with university degree tend to find

better-paying jobs than those without them In addition, some universities provide students with opportunities to acquire practical skills that can be useful in the real world, such as accounting, using computer, and speaking foreign languages To sum up, students go to university for

a variety of reasons: to study a particular field and to find a good job

- It presents the

topic and the

controlling

idea of the

paragraph.

- It is usually the

first sentence

of a paragraph.

What are the supporting sentences?

Reasons for Going to University

After graduating from high school, many students go on to university, but their reasons for entering higher education vary First, many

students attend to study a particular subject in depth Unlike high schools, which require students to take a wide range of classes, university curriculums allow students to choose a major In each major, a number of specialized courses are offered, and they are taught by experts in the fields Moreover, universities have various research facilities that help students learn Another common reason for going to university is that a college education often leads to a better career in the future In many countries, people with university degree tend to find better-paying jobs than those without them In addition, some universities provide students with opportunities to acquire practical skills that can be useful in the real world, such as accounting, using computer, and speaking foreign languages To sum

up, students go to university for a variety of reasons: to study a particular field and to find a good job

- provide several

supporting

points that

explain the

controlling idea

- provide

supporting

details that

explain each

supporting point

What is the concluding sentence?

Reasons for Going to University

After graduating from high school, many students go on to university, but their reasons for entering higher education vary First, many

students attend to study a particular subject in depth Unlike high schools, which require students to take a wide range of classes, university curriculums allow students to choose a major In each major,

a number of specialized courses are offered, and they are taught by experts in the fields Moreover, universities have various research facilities that help students learn Another common reason for going to university is that a college education often leads to a better career in the future In many countries, people with university degree tend to find better-paying jobs than those without them In addition, some universities provide students with opportunities to acquire practical skills that can be useful in the real world, such as accounting, using computer, and speaking foreign languages To sum up, students go to university for a variety of reasons: to study a particular field and to find a good job

- It restates

the

controlling

idea and

summarizes

the supporting

points.

How to write the topic sentence?

- The topic names the subject or the context of the paragraph

- The controlling idea makes a specific comment about the topic It also limits

or controls the topic to a specific aspect

of the topic to be discussed

Example:

Convenience foods are easy to prepare

Topic Controlling idea

Two parts:

- the

controlling

idea.

Notes to write the topic sentence

Example :

Dalat city is romantic and pleasant to

live in.

Example :

1 Watson and the Shark is a good painting

(Too general)

2 In this painting there are some men in a

boat (Too specific)

3 Watson and the Shark, by John Singleton Copley, shows a dramatic rescue (Good)

• (Segal, M.K., & Pavlik, C., 1997, p.19)

1 You shouldn’t include too

many ideas in your topic

sentence -> paragraph will

not have unity.

2 A topic sentence should

not be

+ too general -> readers

cannot know exactly what

the paragraph is going to

discuss about.

+ too specific -> writer may

have nothing to say further.

How to write supporting sentences?

categories do I

have to spend

on?

- How much

money …?

- Why is it so

high?

…

University Costs

The international student needs much money to study at the university in the U.S The cost can be divided into three categories First is the price of house rent ; that expense differs according to the kind of house For example, a single basement room with a small kitchen at one end and a bed at the other costs at least $ 200 a month, but an

apartment with a separate bedroom and kitchen costs at least $ 350 a month The second expense

is the cost of food ; this cost is also various for each person I spend at least $ 300 per month, so my

daily cost for food is about $ 10 The final expense

is the cost of tuition This cost is especially high I need $ 2000 per semester for tuition at this

university because I am an “out – of – state”

student And that doesn’t even count the expenses for books, clothing, and other expenses Therefore,

I need at least $ 4000 for each semester.

(Adapted from Keith S Folse et al., 2010)

- You can get more information by using these methods and sources:

+ discussing and listening ideas

+ interviewing and taking notes

+ reading reference books, magazines,

newspapers and doing research

+ using the information in the Internet

How to write the concluding sentence?

- To restate the controlling idea or summarize the main

points of the paragraph

Ex: To sum up, students go to university for a variety of

reasons: to study a particular field and to find a good job.

- Gives a suggestion, an opinion, a warning or a prediction.

Ex:

- If you follow these steps, you never lose your keys

again (prediction)

- In my mind, it is the most beautiful city in the world

(opinion)

- Students who are not careful with credit card can go into debt quickly (warning)

• Coherence

- all the ideas in a paragraph flow smoothly from one sentence to the next sentence -> help the readers understand the writer’s thought easily

• There are two ways to make the paragraph

coherent:

1 Organize the supporting sentences in a logical order

2 Use the transitional expressions to show the

relationship between sentences

• The common orders are:

– Time order: used in narration and describing process

Details are listed as they occur in time

– Space order: used in description When you describe,

you should choose one direction and maintain it.

– Emphatic order: used when ideas are not equal in

weight.

- 02 ways to present your ideas: the most importance -> the least importance or vice verse

- Notes: the most important idea is often left to the end -> make a greater impact to the readers.

School Uniform Should Receive an A+

School uniform should be mandatory for all students for a

number of reasons First, they make everyone equal In this

way, the "rich" kids are on the same level as the poor ones

In addition, getting ready for school can be much faster

and easier Many kids waste time choosing what to wear to school, and they are often unhappy with their final choices

The most important reason is that some studies shows

that school uniforms make students perform better Many

people might say that uniforms take away from personal

freedom, but I believe the benefits are stronger than the

drawbacks.

(Adapted from Keith S Folse et al., 2010)

Transitions are signals that help readers follow the direction

of the writer’s thought.

• Additional signals: in addition, moreover, furthermore…

• Time signals: first, then, next, after, before, soon, finally

• Space signals: On the opposite side, next to, to the left…

• Change-of-direction signals: in contrast, on the contrary…

• Illustration signals: for example, for instance…

• Conclusion signals: In conclusion, in a nut shell, last of all

University Costs

The international student needs much money to study at the university in

a single basement room with a small kitchen at one end and a bed at the

other costs at least $200 a month, but an apartment with a separate

the cost of food; this cost is also various for each person I spend at least

the cost of tuition This cost is especially high I need $2000 per semester for tuition at this university because I am an “out – of – state” student

Moreover , that doesn’t even count the expenses for books, clothing, and

(Adapted from Keith S Folse et al., 2010)

Smoking cigarettes can be an expensive habit Smoking is hazardous to your health Considering that the average price per pack of cigarettes is 75 cents, people smoke two packs

of cigarettes a day spend $1.50 per day on their habit At the end of one year, these smokers have spent at least

$547.50 Several years ago, a medical study clearly showed the link of nicotine found in cigarettes with the development

of cancer However, the price of cigarettes is not the only expense cigarette smokers incur Since cigarette smoke has

an offensive odor clothing, stuffed furniture, and carpet, smokers often find that these items must be cleaned more frequently than nonsmokers do Although it is difficult to estimate the cost of this additional expense, one can see that this hidden expense does contribute to making smoking

an expensive habit.

(Adapted from Keith S Folse et al., 2010)

- Paragraph

unity  about

ONLY ONE

main topic

- One

irrelevant

sentence ->

Paragraph

does not have

a unity.