Tài liệu hạn chế xem trước, để xem đầy đủ mời bạn chọn Tải xuống
1
/ 44 trang
THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
Thông tin cơ bản
Định dạng
Số trang
44
Dung lượng
5,69 MB
Nội dung
F2 Financial Management Complex Groups Learning Outcome A1b Identify and demonstrate the impact on group financial statements where: there is a Non controlling interest; the interest in a subsidiary or associate is acquired or disposed of part way through an accounting period (to include the effective date of acquisition and dividends out of pre acquisition profits); shareholdings, or control, are acquired in stages; intragroup trading and other transactions occur; the value of goodwill is impaired. A Complex group exists where a subsidiary company has investments of its own. Vertical Complex Structure X 80% Y 80% Z • • X controls Y and Y controls Z. Effectively X controls both Y and Z. • • Y is a subsidiary and Z is a subsidiary. Y is an 80% subsidiary with a 20% Non Controlling Interest. • • • • Z is an effective subsidiary with 64% (80% x 80%) and an effective Non Controlling Interest of 36%. FBT Publishing 30 F2 Financial Management Importance of Acquisition Date: X 80% Acquired 1 Jan X1 Y 80% Acquired 1 April X0 Z • • L is an 80% sub with a 20% MI. The date of acquisition is 1 Jan X1. • • M is a 48% subsidiary with an effective Non Controlling Interest of 52%. The date of acquisition is also 1 Jan X1. If the 2 subsidiaries combined together at an earlier date then that date is ignored because it did not give the parent company control. Consolidated Statement of Financial Position With a complex group question the workings will be the same as they are for a simple group with one extra indirect holding adjustment (IHA). The IHA affects the second goodwill calculation and the first Non Controlling Interest calculation. Income Statements There is only one change to the income statement for a complex group structure and that affects the Non Controlling Interest calculation. It involves a double counting adjustment similar to the one on the statement of financial position. FBT Publishing 31 F2 Financial Management Example 1 Here are the statement of financial positions for three companies dated 30 November 20X6. HART HIND DOE $000’s $000’s $000’s Non Current Assets Inv in Hind 75 Inv in Doe 50 Tangibles 80 60 50 Current Assets Inventory 22 Receivables 31 Cash/Bank 10 218 Share Capital $1 40 Reserves 24 Non Current Liabilities 120 Current liabilities 34 218 31 17 24 21 11 16 176 104 25 20 23 18 65 63 36 176 104 30 i. Hart purchased 20,000 shares in Hind on 1 January 20X2 for $75,000 when the reserves of Hind were $10,000. ii. Hind purchased 15,000 shares in Doe on 1 January 20X1 for $50,000 when the reserves of Doe were $5,000. On the 1 January 2002 the reserves of Doe were $8,000. iii. On 1 January 20X2 Hind’s net assets were subject to a fair value adjustment. Hind held land with a book value of $10,000 and a fair value of $15,000. This land was still owned at the statement of financial position date. iv. During the year Hart sold goods to Hind with an invoice value of $20,000 and at a mark up on cost of 25%. ¼ of these goods were unsold at the year end. v. Goodwill arising on acquisition of Doe has not suffered any impairment. Goodwill arising on acquisition of Hind has been impaired by $10,000 at the statement of financial position date. FBT Publishing 32 F2 Financial Management vi. Hart has a policy of valuing noncontrolling interests at fair value at the date of acquisition. For this purpose the share price of Doe and Hind at this date should be used. The market price of each Doe and Hind share was $3.30 and $4 respectively. Required: Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for the Hart Group as at 30 November 20X6 using the full method. FBT Publishing 33 F2 Financial Management Example 2 These are extracts from income statements for the year to 31 March 20X7. Operating Profit Investment Income Profit Before Tax Tax Profit After Tax Rose Martha Mickey $000’s 116 $000’s $000’s 122 8 130 91 (32) (40) 98 51 12 128 (25) 103 91 Notes: i. Rose owns 75% of Martha and Martha owns 80% of Mickey. ii. Martha and Mickey have declared and paid dividends of $16,000 and $10,000 respectively. Required: Produce the extracts from the group income statement for the year to 31 March 20X7. FBT Publishing 34 F2 Financial Management Mixed or D Shaped Complex Groups This is when the parent company has both a direct and an indirect holding in the subsubsidiary. X 80% 10% Y 80% Z • • X controls both Y and Z because of the actual percentages. • • Y is an 80% sub with a 20% Non Controling Interest. • • X has an effective interest in Z made up of: 74% direct 10% indirect 64% Effective MI 26% Care must be taken when calculating the goodwill arising on acquisition of Z as the cost of investment will contain both a direct and an indirect part. FBT Publishing 35 F2 Financial Management Example 3 Statement of Financial Positions as at 31 December 20X6 Butch Mia Vincent $m $m $m 250 82 75 76 67 69 Non Current Assets Investments Tangibles Current Assets Share Capital $1 Reserves Current liabilities 67 80 401 218 147 200 60 84 50 152 49 401 47 74 50 218 147 i. Vincent paid $200m for 45m shares in Mia on 31 December 2001 when the reserves of Mia were $30m. Goodwill is not impaired. ii. Vincent also purchased for $50m, 20m shares in Butch on the same date when Butch’s reserves were $20m. No impairment has occurred. iii. On 31 December 20X1 Mia purchased $20m shares in Butch for $75m when Butch’s reserves were $25m. Once again no impairment has occurred. iv. The NCI Goodwill for Mia is $20m and for Butch is $10m. Required: Prepare the group statement of financial position for the Vincent Group as at 31 December 20X6. FBT Publishing 36 10 30 31 32 33 F2 Financial Management Foreign Currency Transactions Learning Outcome A2b Explain foreign currency translation principles, including the difference between the closing rate/net investment method and the historical rate method. Functional Currency “The functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates.” The primary economic environment in which an entity operates is normally the one in which it primarily generates and expends cash. An entity’s management considers the following factors in determining its functional currency: (i) the currency that dominates the determination of the sales prices ; and (ii) the currency that most influences operating costs (iii) The currency in which an entity’s finances are denominated is also considered. The focus is on the currency in which funds from financing activities are generated and the currency in which receipts from operating activities are retained. (iv) Consideration of the autonomy of a foreign operation from the reporting entity and the level of transactions between the two. (v) Consideration is given to whether the foreign operation generates sufficient functional cash flows to meet its cash needs. FBT Publishing 46 34 35 F2 Financial Management One off transactions in foreign currency IAS 21 Foreign currency translation says that, when an individual company has transactions that are denominated in a foreign currency, they should translate them at the rate prevailing when the transactions occurred i.e. the historic rate. At the year end, the balance sheet items need to be classified as either monetary or nonmonetary items. The monetary items are then retranslated at the year end, or closing rate. Noncurrent asset investments, tangible noncurrent assets and inventory are deemed to be nonmonetary and everything else is monetary. Any exchange gains or losses that arise are taken directly to the income statement. Example 1 A Ltd buys inventory on 1 Jan 20X0 for Dh250,000 on credit. The payment is made on 1 Feb 20X0 and the year end is 31 March 20X0. The relevant exchange rates are as follows: Dh $ 1 Jan 20X0 2 : 1 1 Feb 20X0 2.2 : 31 Mar 20X0 2.3 : 1 1 Required: Record the relevant entries in the books of A Ltd. FBT Publishing 47 36 37 F2 Financial Management Example 2 As above but this time the payment for the inventory occurs after the year end of 31 March 20X0. Hedging If a company purchases an investment that is denominated in a foreign currency and this acquisition is financed by a loan that is also denominated in a foreign currency, the normal rules state that the loan is monetary and would be translated at the year end. The investment is a nonmonetary item and so will not be retranslated at the year end. This ignores the substance of the transaction which is that these activities are 2 parts of the same transaction so it would make sense to offset the gain on one against the loss on the other or vice versa. IAS 21 says that, in this situation, hedging provisions should apply.: • • The investment is retranslated and any gain or loss is recorded in the reserves in other comprehensive income. The loan is retranslated and the gain or loss is offset against • • reserves. Example 3 On 1 Jan, B Plc buys an investment for Dh250,000 and finances it using a loan of Dh200,000. The hedging principles apply to this transaction. The relevant exchange rates are as follows: Y $ 1 Jan 2 : 1 1 31 Dec (Year end) 2.4 : Required: Record for the relevant entries in the books of B for the year to 31 Dec. FBT Publishing 48 38 F2 Financial Management Presentational Currency If a group has a subsidiary company that is located overseas, that subsidiary will have a different functional currency to the rest of the group. IAS 21 says that the subsidiary’s results will need to be translated into the presentation currency before the consolidation process can occur using the closing rate method of translation. “The presentation currency is the currency in which the group decides to present its financial statements.” FBT Publishing 49 39 F2 Financial Management Example 4 Statement of financial positions Near Far Dhm $m Non Current Assets Investment in Far 15 Tangibles 45 30 Current Assets 20 Inventory 30 Receivables 25 15 Cash/Bank 10 10 125 75 Share Capital 50 20 30 NonCurrent Liabilities 15 10 Reserves 35 Current liabilities 25 125 15 75 Income Statements Near Far Dhm $m Revenue 100 Cost of Sales (50) Gross Profit 50 Operating Expenses (12) Operating Profit 38 IntraGroup Investment Income 12 45 (9) 36 Profit Before Tax 50 Taxation (13) Profit After Tax 37 FBT Publishing 80 (35) 36 (7) 29 50 40 41 F2 Financial Management i. Near purchased 75% of the ordinary share capital of Far on 1 Jan 20X5 for Dh30m . The reserves of Far at that date were Dh12m. ii. Near sold goods to Far for an invoice value of $10m during the year at a mark up of 20% on cost. 40% of these goods had been sold by the year end. iii. Goodwill arising on acquisition of Far had been impaired by 30% as at 31 December 20X6. Half of this impairment relates to this year. iv. It is group policy to value the noncontrolling interest at its proportionate share of the fair value of the subsidiary’s identifiable net assets. v. The relevant exchange rates are as follows: $ Dh 1 Jan 20X5 2 : 1 as at 31 Dec X5 3 : 1 Average rate 3.5 : as at 31 Dec X6 4 : 1 1 Required: Produce the Group statement of financial position and statement of comprehensive income for the Near Group for the year to 31 December 20X6. FBT Publishing 51 42 F2 Financial Management Example 5 POT Ltd purchased 80% of Hole on 30 April 20X5 for Dh30m, when the reserves of Hole were Dh2m. The summarised financial statements of the two companies for the year to 30 Apr 20X7 are as follows: Statement of Financial Positions POT Hole $m Dhm Non Current Assets Investment in Hole 10 Tangibles 11 17 Current Assets 20 30 41 47 Share Capital 10 15 Reserves 25 Current liabilities 6 41 10 22 47 Income Statements POT Hole $m Dhm Revenue 35 Costs (20) Profit Before Tax 15 Taxation (5) Profit After Tax 35 30 (15) 15 (7) 8 Statements of Changes in Equity POT Hole $m Dhm Opening 30 Profit 10 Dividends (5) Closing 35 FBT Publishing 27 8 35 52 43 F2 Financial Management Notes: It is group policy to value the noncontrolling interest at its proportionate share of the fair value of the subsidiary’s identifiable net assets. The relevant exchange rates are as follows: Dh $ 30 April X5 3 : 1 Average for the year 3.2 : Closing rate April X7 3.5 : Opening rate April X6 3.1 : 1 1 1 Required: Produce the Group Income Statement, Statement of Financial Position and Statement of Changes in Equity for the POT Group for the year to 30 April 20X7. There is no impairment to goodwill. FBT Publishing 53 44 ... Inventory 22 Receivables 31 Cash/Bank 10 21 8 Share Capital $1 40 Reserves 24 Non Current Liabilities 120 Current liabilities 34 21 8 31 17 24 21 11 16 176 104 25 20 ... 18 19 20 F2 Financial Management Required Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position of Today at 31 December 20 X7 assuming: i) The 20 % interest in Tomorrow allowed Today significant ... Current liabilities 67 80 401 21 8 147 20 0 60 84 50 1 52 49 401 47 74 50 21 8 147 i. Vincent paid $20 0m for 45m shares in Mia on 31 December 20 01 when the reserves of Mia were $30m. Goodwill is not