F Medium Under variable costing, the unit product cost contains some fixed manufacturing overhead cost.. T Easy Under variable costing, the impact of fixed cost is emphasized becausethe
Trang 1F
Hard
Direct labor is always considered to be a product cost under variable costing
3
F
Medium
Under variable costing, the unit product cost contains some fixed manufacturing overhead cost
4
F
Medium
Under variable costing it may be possible to report a profit even if the company sells less than the breakeven volume of sales
5
T
Easy
Under variable costing, the impact of fixed cost is emphasized becausethe total amount of such cost for the period appears in the income statement
6
F
Easy
Absorption costing treats fixed manufacturing overhead as a period cost, rather than as a product cost
7
F
Medium
The unit product cost under absorption costing contains no element of fixed manufacturing overhead cost
10
F
When sales exceeds production for a period, absorption costing net income will generally be greater than variable costing net income
Trang 2F
Medium
Absorption costing net income is closer to the net cash flow of a period than is variable costing net income
12
F
Medium
Variable costing is not permitted for income tax purposes, but it is widely accepted for external financial reports
13
F
Medium
Net income is not affected by changes in production when absorption costing is used
14
T
Easy
When JIT methods are introduced, the difference in net income computedunder the absorption and variable costing methods is reduced
15
T
Easy
Since variable costing emphasizes costs by behavior, it works well with costvolumeprofit analysis
Absorption Variable costing costing
a. No No
b. No Yes
c. Yes No
d. Yes Yes18.
a. Direct materials cost, direct labor cost, but no manufacturing overhead cost
b. Direct materials cost, direct labor cost, and variable manufacturing overhead cost
c. Prime cost but not conversion cost
d. Prime cost and all conversion cost
Trang 3D
Easy
Cay Company's fixed manufacturing overhead costs totaled $100,000, andvariable selling costs totaled $80,000. Under variable costing, how should these costs be classified?
A
Easy
Which of the following are considered to be product costs under variable costing?
a. Absorption costing considers all manufacturing costs in the determination of net income, whereas variable costing considers only prime costs
b. Absorption costing allocates fixed manufacturing costs between cost of goods sold and inventories, and variable costing considersall fixed manufacturing costs as period costs
c. Absorption costing includes all variable manufacturing costs in product costs, but variable costing considers variable
manufacturing costs to be period costs
d. Absorption costing includes all fixed manufacturing costs in product costs, but variable costing expenses all fixed manufacturing costs
22
C
Easy
Under variable costing, costs which are treated as period costs include:
a. only fixed manufacturing costs
b. both variable and fixed manufacturing costs
c. all fixed costs
d. only fixed selling and administrative costs
Trang 4C
Medium
Which of the following statements is true for a firm that uses variable costing?
a. The unit product cost changes as a result of changes in the number of units manufactured
b. Both variable selling costs and variable production costs are included in the unit product cost
c. Net income moves in the same direction as sales
d. Net income is greatest in periods when production is highest.24
B
Easy
Which of the following are considered to be product costs under absorption costing?
a. cost of goods sold, excluding fixed manufacturing overhead
b. all variable costs, including variable selling and administrative expenses
c. cost of goods sold, including fixed manufacturing overhead
d. variable costs, excluding variable selling and administrative expenses
a. Fixed manufacturing overhead costs deferred in or released frominventories
b. Inventoried discretionary costs in the beginning and ending inventories
c. Gross margin (absorption costing method) and contribution margin (variable costing method)
d. Sales as recorded under the variable costing method and sales as recorded under the absorption costing method
a. production equals sales for that period
b. production exceeds sales for that period
c. sales exceed production for that period
d. the variable manufacturing overhead exceeds the fixed manufacturing overhead
Trang 5b. Net income computed using variable costing will be higher
c. The difference in net income cannot be determined from the information given
by the variable costing method was $10,100. The company's unit productcost was $17 under variable costing and $22 under absorption costing.
If the ending inventory consisted of 1,460 units, the beginning inventory must have been:
$9 per unit, of which $3 was variable selling expense. If production cost is $11 per unit under absorption costing every year, then how many units did the company produce during the year?
a. 8,000
b. 10,000
c. 9,600
d. 8,400
Trang 6C
Hard
Last year, Silver Company's variable production costs totaled $7,500 and its fixed manufacturing overhead costs totaled $4,500. The companyproduced 3,000 units during the year and sold 2,400 units. There were
c. The ending inventory under variable costing will be $900 lower than the ending inventory under absorption costing
d. Under absorption costing, the units in ending inventory will be costed at $2.50 each
34
D
Hard
During the last year, Hansen Company had net income under absorption costing that was $5,500 lower than its income under variable costing. The company sold 9,000 units during the year, and its variable costs were $10 per unit, of which $6 was variable selling expense. If fixed production cost is $5 per unit under absorption costing every year, then how many units did the company produce during the year?
Fixed Costs Variable CostsRaw materials $1.75 per unit producedDirect labor 1.25 per unit producedFactory overhead $100,000 0.50 per unit producedSelling and administrative 70,000 0.60 per unit soldWhat was Indiana Corporation's net income for the year using variable costing?
a. $181,000
b. $271,000
c. $281,000
d. $371,000
Trang 7C
Medium
Last year, fixed manufacturing overhead was $30,000, variable production costs were $48,000, fixed selling and administration costs were $20,000, and variable selling administrative expenses were
$9,600. There was no beginning inventory. During the year, 3,000 unitswere produced and 2,400 units were sold at a price of $40 per unit. Under variable costing, net income would be:
manufacturing equipment 80,000 Other fixed manufacturing overhead 18,000What amount should be considered product costs for external reporting purposes?
of units of product in inventory at the beginning of the year must have been:
$6,800. The company produced 5,000 units during the year and sold 4,600 units. There were no units in the beginning inventory. Which of the following statements is true?
a. The net income under absorption costing for the year will be $800higher than net income under variable costing
b. The net income under absorption costing for the year will be $544higher than net income under variable costing
c. The net income under absorption costing for the year will be $544
Trang 8B
Hard
Last year, Ben Company's income under absorption costing was $4,400 lower than its income under variable costing. The company sold 8,000 units during the year, and its variable costs were $8 per unit, of which $3 was variable selling expense. Fixed manufacturing overhead was $1 per unit in beginning inventory under absorption costing. How many units did the company produce during the year?
Trang 9b. $194,100
c. $170,100
d. $60,00047
a. $170,100
b. $60,000
c. $230,100
d. $24,00048
Trang 13b. $140,800
c. $232,300
d. $281,100
Trang 15The Pacific Company manufactures a single product. The following data relate to the year just completed:
a. $206,400
b. $345,600
c. $278,400
d. $360,000
Trang 16Crystal Company's variable costing income statement for the month of May appears below:
a. $30,000 loss
b. $0 profit
c. $30,000 profit
d. $60,000 profit
Trang 17The following data were provided by Green Enterprises for the most recent period: Units in beginning inventory 0
a. higher than the net income under variable costing
b. lower than the net income under variable costing
c. the same as the net income under variable costing
d. The relation between absorption costing net income and variable costing net income cannot be determined
Trang 18b. lower than net income under absorption costing
c. the same as net income under absorption costing
d. The relation between variable costing and absorption costing net income cannot be determined
Trang 19b. $213,500
c. $222,000
d. $152,000
Trang 20a. $60,000 higher than under absorption costing
b. $108,000 higher than under absorption costing
c. $108,000 lower than under absorption costing
d. $60,000 lower than under absorption costing
Trang 21Fahey Company manufactures a single product which it sells for $25 per unit. The company has the following cost structure:
Trang 22b. $179,400
c. $390,000
d. $7,800
Trang 23b. $49,200
c. $35,700
d. $7,20098
a. $42,000
b. $7,200
c. $49,200
d. $28,500
Trang 24b. $154,800
c. $88,400
d. $182,000102
a. $88,400
b. $182,000
c. $61,200
d. $93,600
Trang 25Gordon Company produces a single product that sells for $10 per unit. Last year therewere no beginning inventories, 100,000 units were produced, and 80,000 units were sold. The company has the following cost structure:
Trang 27b. $ 5,000 loss
c. $35,000 profit
d. $ 5,000 profit
Trang 28111
Hard
Lee Company, which has only one product, has provided the following dataconcerning its most recent month of operations:
Selling price $95 Units in beginning inventory 100 Units produced 6,200 Units sold 5,900 Units in ending inventory 400 Variable costs per unit:
Direct materials $42 Direct labor 28 Variable manufacturing overhead 1 Variable selling and administrative 5 Fixed costs:
Fixed manufacturing overhead $62,000 Fixed selling and administrative 35,400The company produces the same number of units every month, although the sales in units vary from month to month. The company's variable costs per unit and total fixed costs have been constant from month to month.Required:
a. What is the unit product cost for the month under variable costing?
b. What is the unit product cost for the month under absorption costing?
c. Prepare an income statement for the month using the contributionformat and the variable costing method
d. Prepare an income statement for the month using the absorption costing method
e. Reconcile the variable costing and absorption costing net incomes for the month
Trang 29a. & b. Unit product costs
Variable costing:
Direct materials $42
Direct labor 28
Variable manufacturing overhead 1
Unit product cost $71
Absorption costing: Direct materials $42
Direct labor 28
Variable manufacturing overhead 1
Fixed manufacturing overhead 10
Unit product cost $81
c. & d. Income statements
Variable costing income statement
Sales $560,500
Less variable expenses:
Variable cost of goods sold:
Beginning inventory $ 7,100
Add variable manufacturing costs 440,200
Goods available for sale 447,300
Less ending inventory 28,400
Variable cost of goods sold 418,900
Variable selling and administrative 29,500 448,400
Contribution margin 112,100
Less fixed expenses:
Fixed manufacturing overhead 62,000
Fixed selling and administrative 35,400 97,400
Net income $ 14,700
Absorption costing income statement
Sales $560,500
Cost of goods sold:
Beginning inventory $ 8,100
Add cost of goods manufactured 502,200
Goods available for sale 510,300
Less ending inventory 32,400 477,900
Gross margin 82,600
Less selling and administrative expenses:
Variable selling and administrative 29,500
Fixed selling and administrative 35,400 64,900
Net income $ 17,700
Trang 30e. Reconciliation Variable costing net income $14,700 Add fixed manufacturing overhead costs
deferred in inventory under absorption costing 3,000 Deduct fixed manufacturing overhead costs
released from inventory under absorption
costing 0
Absorption costing net income $17,700 112 Medium Mahugh Company, which has only one product, has provided the following data concerning its most recent month of operations: Selling price $122
Units in beginning inventory 0
Units produced 8,300 Units sold 8,200 Units in ending inventory 100
Variable costs per unit: Direct materials $27
Direct labor 46
Variable manufacturing overhead 4
Variable selling and administrative 7 Fixed costs:
Fixed manufacturing overhead $199,200 Fixed selling and administrative 106,600 Required:
a. What is the unit product cost for the month under variable costing?
b. What is the unit product cost for the month under absorption costing?
c. Prepare an income statement for the month using the contribution format and the variable costing method
d. Prepare an income statement for the month using the absorption costing method
e. Reconcile the variable costing and absorption costing net incomes for the month
Trang 31a. & b. Unit product costs
Variable costing:
Direct materials $27
Direct labor 46
Variable manufacturing overhead 4
Unit product cost $77
Absorption costing: Direct materials $ 27
Direct labor 46
Variable manufacturing overhead 4
Fixed manufacturing overhead 24
Unit product cost $101
c. & d. Income statements Variable costing income statement Sales $1,000,400 Less variable expenses: Variable cost of goods sold: Beginning inventory $ 0
Add variable manufacturing costs 639,100 Goods available for sale 639,100 Less ending inventory 7,700 Variable cost of goods sold 631,400 Variable selling and administrative 57,400 688,800 Contribution margin 311,600 Less fixed expenses: Fixed manufacturing overhead 199,200 Fixed selling and administrative 106,600 305,800 Net income $ 5,800 Absorption costing income statement Sales $1,000,400 Cost of goods sold: Beginning inventory $ 0
Add cost of goods manufactured 838,300
Goods available for sale 838,300
Less ending inventory 10,100 828,200
Gross margin 172,200
Less selling and administrative expenses:
Variable selling and administrative 57,400
Fixed selling and administrative 106,600 164,000
Net income $ 8,200