Social capital and community well being

Issues in Children’s and Families’ Lives Alva G Greenberg Thomas P Gullotta Martin Bloom Editors Social Capital and Community Well-Being The Serve Here Initiative Issues in Children’s and Families’ Lives Series Editors: Thomas P Gullotta, Child and Family Agency of Southeastern Connecticut, New London, Connecticut Herbert J Walberg, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Roger P Weissberg, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6110 Alva G Greenberg • Thomas P Gullotta Martin Bloom Editors Social Capital and Community Well-Being The Serve Here Initiative Research Assistance by Jessica M Ramos A Sponsored Publication of the Child & Family Agency of Southeastern Connecticut Editors Alva G Greenberg Serve Here CT Old Saybrook, CT, USA Thomas P Gullotta Child & Family Agency of Southeastern Connecticut New London, CT, USA Martin Bloom Ashford, CT, USA ISSN 1572-1981 Issues in Children’s and Families’ Lives ISBN 978-3-319-33262-8 ISBN 978-3-319-33264-2 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-33264-2 (eBook) Library of Congress Control Number: 2016946175 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland To Alexander de Tocqueville who saw in America’s “Habits of the Heart” its promise and in unbridled individualism leading to selfishness its Achilles heel Preface This is a book of hope, promise, and opportunity In it, there are chapters that explain the importance of social capital and offer ways in which America’s dwindling reserves of that precious resource can be rebuilt Other chapters describe compassionate capitalism and the benefits such a model has over a ruthless business model that celebrates the heartlessness of “I’m in it only for myself” behavior These discussions are built around the Millennial Generation and a social policy initiative called “Serve Here.” Much has been written about the Millennial Generation These young adults came of age as the world tittered on the brink of an economic depression unrivaled in modern times Yes, we avoided that depression caused by the myopic greed of some within the financial sector, but the resulting “Great Recession” has left many within that generation trapped with crushing college debt, low-paying service-sector jobs that not match their educational qualifications, and a bitter cynicism that America cares first and foremost about its %, and the rest of us be damned Against that backdrop, the editors of this volume assisted by a very talented group of scholars from across the country crafted a social policy initiative to jumpstart this basement generation lost in America’s de-evolving economy This initiative not only offers a way to pay down part of one’s existing college debt, but for those without advanced education, it is a pathway to achieving that goal Most importantly, with this book as a guide, “Serve Here” is a call for all people to reengage with their communities Only then will the promise of this nation be realized Old Saybrook, CT, USA New London, CT, USA Ashford, CT, USA Alva G Greenberg Thomas P Gullotta Martin Bloom vii Acknowledgments The editors would like to recognize the contributions of the authors who contributed their time and energies to this work They graciously traveled to Connecticut to spend a long and intense weekend exploring the subject matter of this volume We also acknowledge the Hartman Scholars Program that is part of the Child and Family Agency of Southeastern Connecticut for funding that time together Over the years, the Hartman Scholars Program, Child and Family Agency, and its board of directors have supported groundbreaking explorations in the development of social policy initiatives that prevent illness and promote positive behaviors We can think of no better positive social behavior than increasing America’s social capital Lastly, we wish to thank several Connecticut legislators who championed the partnership between “Serve Here” and the state of Connecticut They are Representatives Ernie Hewett and David Alexander and Senators Steve Cassano and Mae Flexer We are especially grateful to Senator Beth Bye whose leadership made this social policy initiative a reality in Connecticut ix 232 M Fendrich and M Bloom • Only slightly interested (3) • Not at all interested (4) Q30 Are you currently registered to vote? • Yes (1) • No (2) Q31 Did you vote in the last election? • Yes (1) • No (2) • No, was too young (3) Q32 How much of the time you think you can trust the NATIONAL government to what is right -just about always, most of the time, only some of the time, or hardly ever? • • • • Just about always (1) Most of the time (2) Only some of the time (3) Hardly ever (4) Q33 How much of the time you think you can trust the LOCAL government to what is right? (Would you say just about always, most of the time, only some of the time, or hardly ever?) • • • • Just about always (1) Most of the time (2) Only some of the time (3) Hardly ever (4) Q34 Thinking POLITICALLY AND SOCIALLY, how would you describe your own general outlook—as being very conservative, moderately conservative, middle-of-the-road, moderately liberal or very liberal? • • • • • Very conservative (1) Conservative (2) Moderate (3) Liberal (4) Very Liberal (5) Young adults in our society often run into challenges/obstacles in getting ahead Which of these have you encountered in the last few years and are they still limiting your ability to get ahead? Please circle yes or no If yes, respond if still limiting or not limiting Q35 Running up a financial debt when going to college (or any advanced education after high school) • Yes (1) • No (2) Evaluation: Concepts, Plans, and Progress 233 Answer If Running up a financial debt when going to college (or any advanced education after high school) Yes Is Selected Q35a Still Limiting? • Yes (1) • No (2) Q36 Running up a debt for every day expenses • Yes (1) • No (2) Answer If Running up a debt for every day expenses Yes Is Selected Q36a Still Limiting? • Yes (1) • No (2) Q37 Having (or being in) an auto accident • Yes (1) • No (2) Answer If Having (or being in) an auto accident Yes Is Selected Q37a Still Limiting? • Yes (1) • No (2) Q38 Break up from a close relationship • Yes (1) • No (2) Answer If Break up from a close relationship Yes Is Selected Q38a Still Limiting? • Yes (1) • No (2) Q39 Being depressed on the way life is going • Yes (1) • No (2) Answer If Being depressed on the way life is going Yes Is Selected Q39a Still Limiting? • Yes (1) • No (2) M Fendrich and M Bloom 234 Q40 Death of friend/family member • Yes (1) • No (2) Answer If Death of friend/family member Yes Is Selected Q40a Still Limiting? • Yes (1) • No (2) Q41 Being a caregiver for others • Yes (1) • No (2) Answer If Being a caregiver for others Yes Is Selected Q41a Still Limiting? • Yes (1) • No (2) Q42 Having health issues • Yes (1) • No (2) Answer If Having health issues Yes Is Selected Q42a Still Limiting? • Yes (1) • No (2) Q43 Are there other things that are getting in the way of getting ahead? Please describe Please read each statement and answer according to your experience Please select the number that best represents your level of agreement from = strongly disagree to = strongly agree with each statement posed Strongly Agree Q44 I can always manage to solve difficult problems if I try hard enough (1) Q45 It is easy for me to stick to my aims and accomplish my goals (2) Q46 I am confident that I can deal efficiently with unexpected events (3) Q47 I can usually handle whatever comes my way (4) Strongly Disagree Evaluation: Concepts, Plans, and Progress 235 Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree Q48 What happens to me in the future mostly depends on me (5) Q49 I can just about anything I really set my mind to (6) Q50 My future is what I make of it (7) Q51 I have great faith in the future (8) Q52 I feel confident about my future (9) Q53 All things considered, how happy are you these days? • • • • • Very happy (1) Happy (2) Neither Happy nor Unhappy (3) Unhappy (4) Very Unhappy (5) Q54 How would you describe your overall state of health these days? • • • • • Excellent (1) Very Good (2) Good (3) Fair (4) Poor (5) Q55 What is the highest grade of school or year of college either of your parents have completed? • • • • • • • Less than high school (Grade 11 or less) (1) High school diploma (including GED) (2) Some college (3) Assoc degree (2 year) or specialized technical training (4) Bachelor’s degree (5) Some graduate training (6) Graduate or professional degree (7) Q56 What is your racial background? Please select all that apply • • • • • American Indian or Alaska native Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander Asian Black or African American White 236 M Fendrich and M Bloom Q57 Do you consider yourself Hispanic or Latino? • Yes (1) • No (2) Created by authors M Fendrich, J Cook, & S Hunt, (2015) References Bloom, M., & Britner, P A (2012) Client-centered evaluation: New models for helping professionals Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon Capara, G.V., Alessandri, G., Eisenberg, N., Kupfer, A., Steca, P., Capara, M.G., Abela, J (2012) The positivity scale Psychological Assessment, 21(3), 701-712 Johnson, L (2016) What is social capital? In A G Greenberg, T P Gullotta, & M Bloom (Eds.), Social Capital and Community Well-Being: The Serve Here Initiative New York, NY: Springer Pearlin, L.I., & Schooler, C (1978) The structure of coping Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 19, 2–21 Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M (1995) Generalized Self-Efficacy scale In J Weinman, S Wright, & M Johnston, Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio Causal and control beliefs (pp 35–37) Windsor, UK: NFER-NELSON Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey (2000) Public Opinion Archives Roper Center for Public Opinion Research Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Retrieved on July 1, 2016 from http://ropercenter.cornell.edu/2000-social-capital-community-benchmark-survey Epilogue Alva G Greenberg, Thomas P Gullotta, and Martin Bloom Across the chapters of this volume, the reader has gained a greater understanding of social capital, compassionate capitalism, the millennial generation, and the challenges that face this country in the coming years We have offered one social policy initiative to begin the process of addressing these challenges We know that Serve Here is not “THE” solution It is “A” partial solution A fact in itself that should shake policy makers out of a one-size-fits all mentality into a very different mindset of seeking and testing small solutions tailored to the different needs of groups of young people and states The word “states” may take some readers aback It is the first time it has been used in this book This volume clearly and repeatedly has made the argument for the need to jumpstart a population cohort stuck in neutral But what we mean by states? Simply this Over the next decade twenty-two states will see a decline in their workforce Put another way, educated young people—the backbone of any states’ economy—are migrating away from some states to others The biggest losers in this demographic reality are the Midwest and New England If these states hope to maintain or in several instances regain their economies, they must not lose their most precious resource—a well-educated working-age population For these states educating its young residents only to lose them to Texas, Oregon, Colorado, and A.G Greenberg (*) Serve Here CT, 45 Otter Cove Dr., Old Saybrook, CT 06475, USA e-mail: alvag@alvagallery.com T.P Gullotta, M.A., M.S.W Child and Family Agency of Southeastern Connecticut, 255 Hempstead St., New London, CT 06320, USA e-mail: tpgullotta@aol.com M Bloom, Ph.D 70 Southworth Dr., Ashford, CT 06278-1563, USA e-mail: martin.bloom@uconn.edu © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 A.G Greenberg et al (eds.), Social Capital and Community Well-Being, Issues in Children’s and Families’ Lives, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-33264-2_14 237 238 A.G Greenberg et al Utah is short sightedness beyond imagination For them, it is not enough to enter into a bidding war to attract or retain industry It is vitally necessary to retain those bright well-educated young people graduating from their state’s high schools, colleges, and universities Without these young people—your state has no future Serve Here is one step towards giving your state a tomorrow (Table 1) Table Projected workforce distribution 2015–2030 States Expected to Lose % or More of its Working-Age Population Maine Vermont New Hampshire Rhode Island Pennsylvania West Virginia Ohio Michigan States Expected to Lose from to % of its Working-Age Population Connecticut Massachusetts New York Kentucky Mississippi Wisconsin Illinois Iowa Missouri Kansas Montana Wyoming New Mexico Alaska States Expected to Gain from to % in its Working-Age Population New Jersey Maryland Indiana Alabama Arkansas Louisiana Minnesota South Dakota 239 Epilogue Table (continued) Nebraska Hawaii States Expected to Gain %, 10 %, or More in its Working-Age Population North Carolina Georgia Florida Texas Virginia Tennessee South Carolina Oklahoma North Dakota Colorado Idaho Utah Arizona Nevada Washington Oregon California Created by author, T Gullotta (2016) Index A Acculturation of military members, 37–41 Adolescent outcomes substance use, 89, 90 violence and crime, 87, 88 Agricultural Adjustment Act, 121 American corporate capitalism (ACC), 119 American governing system, Application/evaluation A/E 2015–2016 questions, 224–225 Application programming interface (API), 183 Apprenticeship-based workforce, 112 Arab spring, Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD), 153, 159 B Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 104 Benefit corporations, 133 Biomarker, 82 Bonding social capital, 60–61 Bourdieu, P., 59, 62, 201–202 Bridging social capital, 60–61 Building social capital, 48–51, 200, 202, 210, 211 C CCC’s Camp Life Reader and Workbook, 192 Cheated generation, 14 Civic engagement, 162 Civil conservation corps, 121 Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), 190, 191 Civil–military relations, 42–43 Closure transpires, 203 Coleman, J., 58, 59, 62, 202–204 Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL), 162 Collective efficacy, 88, 89 Committee Encouraging Corporate Philanthropy (CECP), 125 Communities That Care, 90 Community, 142 activity participation, 224 organizing, 154, 155, 159 satisfaction/belongingness, 224 Community-level factors, 141 Compassionate capitalism, ACC, 119 Columbian Exposition, 123 components, 119 CSR, 131, 132 economic recession, 120 economic value system, 120 employees, 137 exploitative and substandard conditions, 123 FDR, 121 FoE, 126–129 government leaders, 122 Great Depression, 119, 123 implementation, 132 New Deal programs, 121 nomenclature, 124 points of light, 122 raising taxes vs cutting entitlements, 122 regulatory support, 132–133 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 A.G Greenberg et al (eds.), Social Capital and Community Well-Being Issues in Children’s and Families’ Lives, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-33264-2 241 242 Compassionate capitalism (cont.) Reputation Institute, 129–130 Roosevelt’s programs, 122 self-interest, 120 social capital, organizations/workplaces, 133–134 social responsibility, 120, 130–132 stakeholders, 127 stock market, 120, 121 strategic philanthropy, 120 Conscious capitalism, 125–126 Contextual climate factors, 166–168 Control (self-management), 163 Corporate philanthropy, 125 Corporate social responsibility (CSR), 124 Corporate strategic philanthropy, 125 Cost-effectiveness, 109 Creative confidence, 183 Crime/violence, 86, 87 Cultural capital, 55 D Decision makers, 109 Delinquency, 88, 89, 92 Design thinking Brown’s book Change By Design, 181 concept of, 181 innovative approaches, 185 the k12 Laboratory, 182 project-based learning, 184 Design thinking, 181 de Tocqueville, A., 54, 58 Drill Instructors (D.I.s), 39 E Economic capital, 55 Economic development, 70, 113 Economics of social capital bottom-up interventions, 106 causal estimates, 109 decision analysis, 111 decision makers, 109 observational analyses, 109 prosocial network, 108 short-cycle-randomized control trials, 112 top-down interventions, 106 Economic stagnation, Economic trends, 13 Emotional support, 145 Index Empathy (care) compassion, 170 fairness, 170 forgiveness, 170 helpfulness, 170 kindness, 170 social awareness, 164–165 thoughtfulness, 170 Employee engagement, 136 Employees’ determination best/great/top places to work, 134 companies’ practices, 135 CSR, 136 Culture Audit©, 135 Glassdoor website, 136 Google, 135 leaders/managers, 135 legitimate stakeholders, 137 Salesforce, 136 surveys, 134 Wegmans Food Markets, 135 workplace, 135 Enterprising generation, 14 Entrepreneurship, 113 Evaluation application/evaluation A/E 2015–2016 questions, 224–225 client-centered, 220 completion of project, 218 empirically based information, 220 factors, 220 follow-up, 219 large-scale decision, 220 maintenance phase, 219 monitored over time, 215 report writing, 219 scientific ethics, 218 SHCT, 220–224 training period, 219 Evidence of Causal Impact, 106 F Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), 121 Firms of endearment (FoE), 126–129 Framingham Heart Study, 104 Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR), 121 G General Social Survey, 106 G.I Bill of Rights (GI Bill), 122, 193, 194 243 Index H HandsOn Network Corporate Service Council, 123 Head Start, 194–195 HIV-related testing, 82 Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC), 121 Home-visitors, 82 H1N1 vaccine, 81 Human capital, 55 Human-centered design (HCD), 180 I Ideation B corporation, behavior, brain storming, civic engagement, communities, community’s sidewalk network, dystopian novels, political party, positive social capital, recycle materials, shareholder primacy, social and economic inequality, social capital, 3–5 social interaction, social policy, walking, young adults, young Americans, Influence, 143 Information channels, 203 Innovation education Apple’s radical innovation, 184 Millennials, 177 stages of, 181–182 Inspiration American economy, disunity, economic debt, economic equality and panics, family developmental scholars, financial catastrophes, off time, phase, 181 political and economic power, political parties, racial and gender inequality, word opportunity, Integration, 143 Intervention with Micro Finance for Aids and Gender Equality (IMAGE), 105 Intrapower assessment scale (IPAS), 168 Intrapower CARE factors, 167, 168 Intrapower CARE framework, 162–163 J Jacob Moreno’s early sociometric analyses, 222 Jason Bernard case, 170 L Labor market, 102–103 Leisure time, 107 Linking social capital, 60–61 Logic model description, 213 types of, 214 Longitudinal research, 68 M Mediation analysis, 68 Membership, 142, 143 Mental health-related outcomes, 84, 85 Meta-analysis, 80 Military Service Organizations (MSOs), 45 Military Veterans and social capital acculturation of military member, 37–41 active duty personnel, 34 the Air Force, 34 and civil relations, 42–43 “Coast Guard Creed”, 34, 50 DoD, 35 education level, 35 female veterans, 36 individuals, 33 male veterans, 36 Mathies ARCHIBALD (Air Mission), 40 National Guard, 34 Reserve forces, 34 Reserves and Guard, 36 “Sailor’s Creed”, 50 Sergeant First Class Paul R Smith, 41 “Soldier’s Creed”, 49 treatment and adjustment, 43–48 unique place in American society, 33 “US Marine Corps [Unofficial Motto]”, 34, 50 VA Homeless Veterans Program, 49 VA National Cemetery Administration, 49 VA Volunteer Transportation Network, 49 244 Military Veterans and social capital (cont.) VA Welcome Home Celebrations, 49–51 Veterans Affairs, 36 Millennials, 176, 177 American Dream, 27–29 cheated, economic trends, 22 civic health, 25 co-inspirator, 13 college debt, 17 college degree, 16 college graduates, 18 communities, 27 community connectedness and interdependence, 24 contemporary social capital and work, 24 cynicism/disillusionment, 23 democracy, 26 disparity, poorly shared economic growth, 21 dispersion of wealth, 26 economic growth, 13, 26 economic trends, 13 employment, unemployment and income, 15–16 enterprising entrepreneurs, 23 entrepreneurship, 19 frustrating, 16 generation, 13, 14 interpretations, 14 labor market, wage levels and job opportunities, 20, 21 living arrangements and home ownership, 17–18 motivations, 176–177 national and world events, 14 nonprofit organizations, 25 public service, 18 responsibility-averse millennials, 21 social capital, 24, 26 social trust, 24 stalled, 22 volunteering, 19 voting, 14, 19 young adults, 16 Milton Hershey School, 124 Mortality, 83, 84 Multicomponent intervention, 93 N National and Community Service Trust Act, 123 National Conference on Citizenship (NCoC), 25 National Educational Longitudinal Study, 103 National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), 121 National Institutes of Health, 107 Index National Labor Relations Act, 122 National Recovery Administration (NRA), 121, 191 National Youth Administration (NYA), 191 Neighborhood/community sample size, 93 O Obesity-related behaviors, 83 Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense [ODASD], 34 P Passive observational methods, 67–68 Perseverance, 168 Persistence, 168 Physical health, 81–83 Piloted intervention, 69 Political participation, 154, 159 Post-study evaluation, 69 Post-traumatic stress (PTS), 44 Pre-test health ratings, 80 Proclivity, 151 Projected benefit to connecticut, 113–114 Projected workforce distribution 2015–2030, 238–239 Project Team explores assumptions, 216 PROSPER program, 109 PROSPER research trial, 92, 108 Putnam, R., 58, 59, 61, 204–205 Putnam’s masterful 2000 work, 190 R Reciprocity, 203 multicomponent intervention, 93 and social participation, 88 supportive networks, 74 and trust, 80 voting and volunteering, 85 Recovery capital, 208 Reentry capital, 210 Resilience, 168 Responsible decision-making, 164 Restore social capital, 200, 207–210 incarceration and prisoner reentry, 209–210 social capital, 208–209 substance misuse, 207–208 Returning veteran adjustment, 43–48 Review social capital research, 71–79 anti-drug social capital, 91 comparison group, 69 Index evidence, 70 geographic location, 69 healthcare insurance data, 90 intervention research studies, 68 medication adherence, 91 non-experimental research, 68 null findings, 93–94 qualitative approach, 90 social participation, 91 S Science-based decision-making process, 90 Self-acceptance, 169 Self-appraisal, 169 Self-awareness, 162, 163 Self-confidence, 169 Self-control, 162, 163, 165 Self-determination, 169 Self-development, 169 Self-efficacy, 169 Self-empowerment, 170 Self-esteem, 170 Self-fulfillment, 169 Self-made, 152 Self-monitoring, 169 Self-motivation, 169 Self-perception, 169 Self-rated health, 80, 81 Self-responsibility, 170 Sense of community mediating structures, 145 mutual influence, 143 perceptions and feelings, 142 positive feelings, 144 social capital, 156 Serve Here Connecticut Project (SHCT), 112 application form-and-evaluation form, 223 benefit, 114 challenges, 10 connection, 221 crippling debt, 10 employers, evaluation plan, evaluators approach, 221 federal government, free-standing organization, implementation, 101 individual patterns, change over time, 224 Jacob Moreno’s early sociometric analyses, 222 learning community, 8, legislation, 10, 11 legislative roller coaster story, 245 non-profit organization, “over time”, 221, 223 participants’ physical and social-emotional well-being, 222, 223 planning, 11 political environment, 10 positive and negative versions, 222 program, 94 project participants, 223 social capital, 220–221 social policy, Theodore Newcomb’s balance theory, 222 thoughts, 11–12 web-based application, working definition, social capital, 222 Shared emotional connection, 144–145 Shared value initiatives, 125 Single-system design, 217 Sociability, 202 Social and emotional learning (SEL), 161 Advocates of Social and Emotional Learning, 162 CASEL, 162 groundbreaking work, 162 Jason’s social and emotional issues, 172 Social and emotional skill factors, 161 Social capital American society, 57 bridging, bonding and linking, 60–61 challenges, 196 characteristics, 156 Coleman’s approach, 59 collective efficacy, 58 compassionate capitalism, 237 concept of, 53 dark side, 62–63 definition, 56, 189, 221 directionality of the links, 147 elements, 156 GI bill of rights, 193–194 head start, 194–195 in health behaviors, 60 individuals, 221 members, 156 micro-, meso-, and macro-level, 57 models, 199, 206–207, 210 multifaceted concept, 141 national tradition, 190–191 physical and psychological health, individuals, 189 reciprocity, 56 schools, 59 school children, 196 “social network”, 222 246 Social capital (cont.) twentieth-century history, 189 understanding, 55 VISTA websit, 196 volunteers in service to America, 195–196 working definition, 63, 222 WPA, 191, 192 Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital, 102 Social enterprise, 19 Social entrepreneurs business ventures, 175 creative confidence (Side Box), 183 definition, 175 designing for behavior, 179–181 design meets learning, 179 design-led, 184–185 “design thinking”, 182 identification, 177 innovation, stages, 181–182 lean startup, 183–184 learning through doing, 177–178 looking forward, 185 millennial motivations, 176–177 on rise, 176 Social fabric community, 67 Social network analysis characteristics, 146 to community, 153 community building blocks, 159 Corps® program, 103 creation, 150 density, 148, 149 depression and social relationships, 104 development and strengthening, 149 economic theory/econometric analysis, 101 existing networks, 150 existing organizations, 150 families, schools and communities, 101 fundamental mechanisms, 102 and health, 104–105 household income, 103 human and intellectual capital, 101 independent societies, 69 individual’s perception, 104 information, 152 “linked”, 158 mediational processes, 102 opportunities, 158 quality-of-life, 103 size, 146 social capital and crime, 105–106 strength of links, 146–147 Index transactional context, 101 types of strategies, 149 Social organization, 67 Social participation, 80 Social Security Act, 122 Social skills, 151 Social support, 145 categories, 157 definition, 145 types, 145–146 Socioeconomic indicators, 92 Socioeconomic status, 70, 86 Stalled generation, 14 Strategic philanthropy, 125 Subjective well-being community-level, 85 indicators, 85 psychological well-being, 85 social participation, 85 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 207 T “Task-specific” dimension, 88 Theodore Newcomb’s balance theory, 222 Time series design, 217 Training Instructors (T.I.s), 39 Triple-bottom-line (TBL), 124–125, 136 Twentieth-century social capital alumni of, 196 social capital contributions, 192 U Unidirectional links, 147 Unit cohesion, 40 Urban vs rural geography, 70 User-centered design (UCD), 180 V Veteran demographics, Reserves and Guard, 36 Veteran suicide rates, 44 Victimization, 88 Violent crimes, 88 Volunteering, 159 Volunteer service, 154 Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA), 122, 195, 196 Volunteer Transportation Network (VTN), 49 247 Index W Wagner Act, 122 Walkers for Sidewalks, Warrior in Transition Units (WTU), 44 WIA Title I-B Dislocated Worker programs, 112 WIA Title I-B Youth programs, 112 Workforce Investment Act (WIA), 112 Works Progress Administration (WPA), 122 American families, 191 CCC, 191 depression-era economy, 191 New Deal stimulus programs, 191 and NRA, 191 social capital contributions, 192 TVA, 191 Wall Street stock values, 191 WPA social capital See Works Progress Administration (WPA) ... of Social Networks 101 Max Crowley and Lawrie C Green Compassionate Capitalism, the Workplace, and Social Capital 119 Sharon Hunt and James Mattson Strategies for Building Social Capital. .. Case Studies of Social Capital at Work 189 Janet F Gillespie and Lauren M Mutignani Social Capital: Models and Efforts to Build and Restore among Marginalized Individuals and Communities... info@graffps.com © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 A.G Greenberg et al (eds.), Social Capital and Community Well- Being, Issues in Children’s and Families’ Lives, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-33264-2_1