Tài liệu Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Scenarios, Volume 2 doc

[...]... emissions SO2 emissions stabilize, NOx emissions increase from 20 00 to 20 50 both SO2 and NOx emissions increase globally SO2 emissions decline; NOx emissions increase slowly strong reductions in SO2 and NOx emissions Climate change 2. 0ЊC in 20 50 and 3.5ЊC in 21 00 above pre-industrial 1.7ЊC in 20 50 and 3.3ЊC in 21 00 above preindustrial 1.9ЊC in 20 50 and 2. 8ЊC in 21 00 above pre-industrial 1.5ЊC in 20 50 and 1.9ЊC... in arable land compared with 20 00 global forest loss until 20 25 slightly below historic rate, stabilizes after 20 25; ϳ10% increase in arable land net increase in forest cover globally until 20 25, slow loss after 20 25; ϳ9% increase in arable land CO2: 15.4 GtC-eq CH4: 3.3 GtC-eq N2O: 1.1 GtC-eq other GHGs: 0.5 GtC-eq CO2: 13.3 GtC-eq CH4: 3 .2 GtC-eq N2O: 0.9 GtC-eq other GHGs: 0.6 GtC-eq CO2: 4.7 GtC-eq... medium migration, 20 50 population: 8.8 billion similar to Order from Strength but with increasing growth rates toward 20 50 lower than Global Orchestration, but catching up toward 20 50 Average income growth high medium GDP growth rates/ capita per year until 20 50 (global) 1995 20 20: 2. 4% per year 20 20–50: 3.0% per year 1995 20 20: 1.4% per year 20 20–50: 1.0% per year 1995 20 20: 1.5% per year 20 20–50: 1.9%... GtC-eq CH4: 1.6 GtC-eq N2O: 0.6 GtC-eq other GHGs: 0 .2 GtC-eq Direct Driving Forces Land use change global forest loss until 20 25 slightly below historic rate, stabilizes after 20 25; ϳ10% increase in arable land Greenhouse gas emissions by 20 50 CO2: 20 .1 GtC-eq CH4: 3.7 GtC-eq N2O: 1.1 GtC-eq other GHGs: 0.7 GtC-eq low Summary: Comparing Alternate Futures of Ecosystem Services and Human Well-being 9 Air... are used they appear in italics xxv Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Scenarios, Volume 2 Summary: Comparing Alternate Futures of Ecosystem Services and Human Well-being Core Writing Team: Elena Bennett, Steve Carpenter, Prabhu Pingali, Monika Zurek Extended Writing Team: Scenarios Working Group 1 Envisioning the Future for Ecosystems and People 2 2 Developing the Millennium Ecosystem... economic, and cultural factors unrelated to ecosystems alter the human condition, and many natural forces influence ecosystems Although the MA emphasizes the linkages between ecosystems and human well-being, it recognizes that the actions people take that influence ecosystems result not just from concern about human well-being but also from considerations of the intrinsic value of species and ecosystems. .. 1 2 Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Scenarios Envisioning the Future for Ecosystems and People The capacity of Earth’s ecosystems to provide life-support services is changing rapidly, at a time when human pressures on ecosystems are also increasing These changes in ecosystems have enormous implications for life on Earth Yet they can seem bewildering because of their complexity, speed, surprises, and. .. education) and is also a precondition for achieving other components of well-being, particularly with respect to equity and fairness What are the current condition and trends of ecosystems, ecosystem services, and human well-being? What tools and methodologies developed and used in the MA can strengthen capacity to assess ecosystems, the services they provide, their impacts on human well-being, and the... human well-being Well-being also depends on the supply and quality of human services, technology, and institutions We examine changes in human well-being across the scenarios in Chapter 11, which also looks at the resilience and vulnerability of human well-being to adverse surprises across the scenarios Once we understand the similarities and differences in the provision of ecosystem services and human. ..Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Objectives, Focus, and Approach The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment was carried out between 20 01 and 20 05 to assess the consequences of ecosystem change for human well-being and to establish the scientific basis for actions needed to enhance the conservation and sustainable use of ecosystems and their contributions to human well-being The MA responds to government requests . State and Trends, Volume 1 Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Scenarios, Volume 2 Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Policy Responses, Volume 3 Ecosystems and Human. Human Well-being: Human Health Synthesis Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Wetlands and Water Synthesis Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Opportunities and