TỔNG QUAN CÔNG TRÌNH áp DỤNG về đề XUẤT GIẢI PHÁP

Tuyen tap Cdng trinh Hdi nghj Khoa hoc Cff hge Thuy Todn qudc, Phan Thiet, 2008 427 Tong quan cac cong trinh da ap dung va de xuat giai phap bao ve bo bien tinh Binh Thuan Nguyen Dinh Vuong, Trin Minh Tuin Viin Khoa hoc Thuy lgi Miin Nam Torn tdt: Xdi la Id thudc tinh vimg bd bien tmh Binh Thudn Id mgt nhung thien tai nguy hiem ddi vai tinh mgng ngudi vd gdy thiet hai rdt Idn vi kinh ti .xa hoi vo mdi^ trudng Vdi nhdn thirc dd nhirng nam qua dd cd nhiiu dir dn thu nghiem bao ve bd dugc trien khai tgi cdc vimg ddn cu cdc khu kinh ti vd khu du lich diem vung ven bien tinh Binh Thudn budc ddu he thdng cdng trinh ke chdng xdi la dd phdt huy hieu qua cao viec bao ve bd bien, chgn dirng dugc xdi la on dinh cugc song cua ngudi ddn vimg bi bien Idn Bdl ndy se ddnh gid sa bg nhirng giai phdp cdng Irinh bao ve ba da thirc hien thdi gian qua dong thai nghien ciru di xudt giai phdp bao ve bd bien Binh Thudn Tir khoa : Bd bien, ke ket cdu xoi la, vimg ven bien Binh Thudn Overview of some recent coastal protection works and methods suggestion in binh thuan province Abstract: The coastal erosion phenomenon in Binh Thuan province is one of the serious natural calamities for human being and causes serious consequences for society - economy and environment In some recent years, there are manv pilot projects of coastal protection for residential areas, industrial zones, economy areas and tourism areas Recently, some coastal protection works have carried out effectively This paper has presented the overview of some recent coastal protection works and methods suggestion in Binh Thuan province Keywords : Shore, breakwater, structure, erosion, coastal areas Binh Thuan Dat van de Binh Thuan la tinh ven bien nam d vj tri ban le giira Nam Trung Bg, Nam Tay Nguyen va vung Ddng Nam Bg, phia Bac va Tay Bac giap Lam Ddng, phia Ddng va Ddng Bac giap tinh Ninh Thuan, phia Ddng va Ddng Nam giap bien Ddng, phia Tay giap vdi tinh Ddng Nai va phia Tay Nam giap tinh Ba Rja - Vung Tau Tong dien tich ty nhien loan tinh la 7.992 km", dien tich viing bien la 42.000 km" Bd biln trai dai ban 160km (tir miii Da Chep giap Ca Na - Ninh Thuan din bai bdi Binh Chau - Ba Ria Vung Tau) cd nhieu nhanh niii dam ngang bien tao nen cac mui nhu La Can, Miii Nhd, Mui Hdn Rom, Mui Ne, Ke Ga chia cit bd biln cac cung bd (vinh ho nua kin), nhung viing vinh bien cd cac cua sdng diln biln phire tap nhu La Can - Phan Ri, Mui Ne - Phan Thiet, La Gi - Ham Tan Dgc theo bd bien cua tinh cd nhilu cang bien, co so che bien thuy hai san, cac khu dan cu, khu du lich Trong nhiing nam gin day hien tugng biln ddi hau thai tiet cgng vdi nan pha rimg dl san xuit ndng nghiep da lam chl thuy van thay ddi, nhieu he thong sdng sudi can kiet ddng chay vl miia khd, biln ddi luu lugng giira hai miia rat Idn gay bat lgi cho cac bd biln vung cua sdng Hien tugng xdi Id bd biln da xay rat nghiem trgng d nhieu nai nhu Phude Thi, Phan Ri Cua (huyen Tuy Phong), Hda Thing (Bic Binh), Ham Tien_, Mui Ne, Ddi Duang (Tp Phan Thilt), Tan Binh, La Gi (Ham Tan) gay thiet bai rat Idn ve tai san ciia nhan dan Tdng quan cdc cdng trinh da dp dung vd de xudt gidi phdp hdo vj b& biin Binh Thudn 428 Trong nhirng nam qua, diln biln xdi Id, bdi ling bd biln Binh Thuan rit phire tap gay nhilu khd khan cho ddi song va cac boat dgng kinh te ven bien Nghien ciru va tilp can vl biln Dong ciia Viet Nam ndi chung va viing bien Binh Thuan ndi rieng thdi gian qua da va dang cd nhilu ca quan/to chirc thuc hien Da cd nhieu giai phap cdng trinh phdng chong thien tai ndi chung va chdng xdi Id bd bien ndi rieng dugc thyc hien, budc dau da thu dugc nhilu ket qua tdt dep, nhieu khu vyc xdi Id da dugc ngan chan bdi cac giai phap cong trinh bao ve, nhieu de tai nghien ciru khoa bgc va du an thir nghiem ve giai phap phdng chong xdi Id da dugc trien khai thyc hien cho vimg bien va bd ciia tinh Tuy nhien cho tdi cdn it cac cong trinh nghien ciru tdng the ve xdi Id viing bd, cac giai phap bao ve bd dua mdi chi dirng lai d cac dy an thu nghiem cue bg Mat khac yeu cau phat trien, khai thac, su dung vimg ven bien cang cag ban, bao ve bd khdng nhu-ng ben vti-ng ma cdn phai bao tdn dugc canh quan, mdi trudng, giir gin sy can bang cua be sinh thai, dac biet la he sinh thai cua cac vimg bien du ljch cd gia tri cua tinh Binh Thuan Van de khoa bgc ve cac ITnh vyc bien va bao ve bd bien van can phai dugc tiep tue nghien cuu Danh gia so" bo cac giai phap cong trinh bao ve bo' da ap dung Dudi day chiing tdi xin gidi thieu tdm tat mgt sd nhirng doan ke bao ve bd tieu bieu nhat 2.1 Dogn ke kit cdu truyen thdng bao vq bd biin Ham Tiin, Tp Phan Thiit tir kmS + 425 din km8+625, (xdy duvg ndm 1997), [IJ Day la dy an thu nghiem dau tien viec irng dung ke chong xdi Id cap bach cho doan bd xung ylu bao ve ting ca sd va dudng giao thdng, khu du lich tai Tp Phan Thilt, Binh Thuan Doan ke Vien Khoa hge Thuy Igi miln Nam thilt kl nam 1997 Bien phap cdng trinh la gia co bd tai cho bing tudng da xay kit hgp ke mai nghieng, vdi hinh thOrc kit ciu cdng trinh gdm khdi, xem Hinh : - Khdi dinh ke : la tudng da xay, cao trinh dinh tudng +4,2m, chilu cao tudng H=2,2m - Khdi ke mdi nghling : dugc lat bing cac tim be tdng hoac bing da hoc d > 5060cm Cao trinh dinh mai ke +2,0m, cao trinh dinh chan ke -0,2m, mai doc ke m= Khdi chdn ke (phdn chdn khay) : dugc gia cd bing he thdng cgc tram va da hoc d > 40cm Chan khay ke cao trinh -0,2m, rgng m, cao trinh ddng cgc cir tram -0,7m, khoang each hang cgc Im, cgc dugc giing bing cac ngang eiai AoTt'^° ddi qua trinh lam viec thiy ke In djnh, bin vung, chdng dugc xdi Id bao v e S c kh ^d-^^^ ^^'^^' ^"^ "^'^" ^^^ '^ ^'^' P^^P ^^^ ^°^ ^^ ^'^" ^^^ ^^'^^ ^^"^ ^^° ^'^'^ cdc bai tim N ^"^' ^^" ^^"^ nghiep, khdng phii hgp ddi vdi cac khu du ljch, nhit la vdi vipn rfa trAi' ^°^' ? ^^ ^30 vien aa troi xuonp rhnn'^'^" bA "^^i P^^" i ^^ ,• i VC ' mai khdng cdn nhu thilt kl, da d6 nhilu '-nan ke, anh huong toi tuoi thg lam viec cua ke tuang lai Nguyin Dinh Vuans Trdn Minh Tudry 429 DOAN HAM TIEN-MUI NE KM8.425-KM8.625(L = 200m) Tijong xay da Mc vua W = 150 RanJi_thoaj^nudc "\ Da h^c(j > 60 cm l3I (jhing rco kem d'a J = 20^0"cn7i^p chen chat j P3a3m 50 cm lat khan Hinh I : Gia cd bd' tgi chd bdng tudng dd xdy kit hop ke mdi nghieng 2.2 Cdc dogn ke kit cdu KC-1998 bdo ve bd biin Ham Tiin - Mdi Ne vd Phu&c The, tinh Binh Thuan, [7] CAT NGANG DIE'N HINH KE (1 / 100) ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ M T I E N - MUI KM7t909 NE KM7,985 (L = 76 ml KM8*03i - KMe»225 (L = 94 m) Hinh : Cdt ngang ke bdo vi bd biin Hdm Tiin -Mdi Ne TpPhan Thiet dogn tit Km7+909^Km7+985 & tu Km8+03UKm8+225, (xdy dung 2001) Tdng quan cdc cdng trinh dd dp dung vd de xudt sidi phdp hdn ve ba biin Binh Thudn 430 MAT CAT NGANG DAI DIEN TUYEN KE BIEN PHUCiC THE - BINH THUAN (Ty le: / 100) m iM 150 BTDS W G C / a y ? cm hfln K4I nam H ' W ^ O O / J ^ y g S c m iHJn 4: n4m { b a n : :L'' ? « i r m Q^y !5 cm I V^, luc ' s a c [ p a a6 I Da"' tC:?xJ cm oiy 15 cm ; ViSiiocTS-IO - Kich thddc g h i b a n g c m • Cao trinh ghi bang m MATBANGKE(1 / 100) T S M?0C/;D=1 5m TjOngalnr, k S O S < a y V S O ^IJm9Trj5M2aO I,«nk«'min9m«", ^ T j m B K ' d(! la c h j W 200 Ca d* >= 3'Jcm ///«/? : Dogn ke I km bao vi bd biin Phu&c Thi, huyen Tuy Phong (xdy dung 2002) Nhan xet, danh gia cac doan bd ke da bao v? theo kit ciu KC-1998: Sau kit cau ke kieu tudng da xay chdng xdi Id cip bach cua Vien KHTLMN va nhieu loai kit ciu truyen thdng khac bao v? bd biln Binh Thuan khdng cdng lim, din khoang cudi nam 1998 Trudng Dai bgc Thuy Igi phdi hgp vdi Cue Phdng chdng Lut bao va Quan ly De dilu da su dung kit ciu KC-1998, day la loai kit ciu mang mim diu tien bao ve mai de biln va bao ve bd biln Ham Tiln - Binh Thuan Cac ket cau ke KC-1998 (mang mim be tdng Tsc-178 va hang ong puy) bao ve bd bien Binh Thuan dugc trinh bay a Hinh va Bg phan bag ve mai ddc ciia KC-1998 la irng dung kit cau mang mim dugc ciu tag bing cac ciu kien be tdng Tsc-178 lien kit vdi theo nguyen ly ty chen, chan khay ke la hang dng puy bd da hoc trd mgt ciu ki?n cd trgng lugng Idn vdi kha nang tri dn djnh rit cao sdng tac dgng vao bd Cac dng puy xIp liln ke tao mgt khdi chan ke lien kit mim it bi biln dang qua trinh chiu tac dgng manh cua sdng biln ^ Qua thdi gian lam viec, kit ciu da thi hien dugc kha nSng bin virng va hieu qua chdng xdi rat cao, ngan chan dugc hien tugng xdi Id bd Ve mat tham my, day cung la loai cdng trinh dep nhung he sd mai ddc phai chgn qua Idn (m=4) nen dien tich dugc phu bang be tdng dai lam thu hep bai cat anh hudng din canh quan moi trudng du ljch Dmh ke KC-1998 lien ket vdi bd theo hinh thuc kit ciu bao ve mai de biln nen chua dap irng dieu kien chju lyc cua cac ca sd ting xay dung tren bd Mat khac qua theo doi thay mai b! bien dang, mdt nhung nguyen nhan cua hien tuong la cat d mai ddc bj dong ngam va sdng rut keo bien qua cac khe hd giCra cac hang ong puy trdn cua khdi chan ke, anh huong den dn dinh phin than ke tren mai ddc Mgt so doan phin mai ke d gin Nsuyin Dinh Vuong Trdn Minh Tudn 431 m l ^ b l l ^ (tb^^ng/'^yen tilp xuc vdi sdng) cd bien t.gng lap mat ciu kien Tsc-178 bi an man belong, hien chua xac duih dugc nguyen nhan r ^'^'fTJt ''A dung '"." ndm ^"^'^^^^ ''"'' '^ ^^ *'^" "^"' ^'^" - ^"' ^^' '^ l^"^ Kfn9+865, (xay 2003), [4] BOAN HAM TIEN- MUI NE KM9.565 KM9,865 (L = 0 m ) n mua brf, L_ Kich thudc ghi bJng cm Cao trinh ghi bSng m Hinh : Dogn ke kit cdu cai tiin KC-2002 Nhdn xet vd ddnh gid : Ket cau ke ky hieu KC-2002 trinh bay tren Hinh dugc Trudng Dai hoc Thuy Igi Ha Ngi thiet ke nam 2002 tren co sd nghien cuu cai lien kel cau KC-1998 theo hudng bao ve bd ddng thdi giii- gin bai cat (nudi bai) phuc vu du lich Day la kel qua ciia Dy an nghien ciru khoa bgc song phuang Viet - Bi, xay dyng thu nghiem doan ke 300m bao ve bd bien Ham Tien - Miii Ne trudng Dai hoc Thuy lai va Dai hoc Liege (vuong quoc Bi) chu tri,[4] KC-2002 khdng chi cd nhiem vu bao ve chdng cac tac dgng gay xdi tir phia bien ma cdn chiu anh hudng ciia tai trgng tren bd (theo yeu cau xay dyng), de dap ung nhiem vu KC-2002 da ciu tao theo hinh tbirc tudng chan chim be tdng trgng lyc a dinh, tang kha nang chiu tai tren bd Khdi chan ke d KC-2002 da thay thi dng be tdng tru trdn bing nhung dng be tdng luc giac (cdng nghe chan ke HWRU-TOE-2001) van giir nguyen dugc khdi lugng vat lieu bing be tdng va da nhu khdi chan ke bing dng puy trdn nhung nd giam nguy co pha hoai mai ddc ddng rut keo cat qua chan ke cua sdng Ngoai kit ciu cd uu dilm ban so vdi kit ciu ke KC-1998 cung kieu dang la tang ddc mai tir m = len m = 2,5 da rut ngin dugc chilu dai mai ddc, tang gan 40% dien tich cho bai cat lam giam bdt phin bai bien bj be tdng hda, qua thdi gian boat dong, kit ciu td kha hieu qua viec hinh nen bai cat phu triim len mai k6 (nudi bai), day la mot tinh nang kha uu viet cua kit ciu KC-2002 ma trudng Dai bgc Thuy lgi da cai Tdng quan cdc cdng trinh dd dp dung vd de xudt gidi phdp hdo ve b& biin Binh Thudn 432 tiln cdng dy an thu nghiem ANTIERO, nhdm tac gia GS Nguyin Van Mao la ngudi dirng dau [4] 2.4 Bdo ve bff vd bdi biin Ddi Duffng - Tp Phan Thiet bdng kit cdu mim GST Kit ciu da dugc Cong ty Co phan TVXD Vina Mekong (VMEC) thilt kl va xay dyng thir nghiem bao ve bai bien Doi Duong nam 2007,[2] Day la kit ciu "Friendly structure", mem, chiu dugc bien dang Idn, cd the thiet ke vdi mai doc thoai (m = - 10) nbim giam chieu sau xdi phia trude va sau ke Hieu qua pha sdng kha cao so vdi kit ciu cirng, phii hgp cho nhung bd bien la bai tam Tuy nhien, vi la mgt giai phap cdng trinh bao ve bd mdi nen mgt sd van de ve thi cdng cdn gap nhieu khd khan nhu bien phap thi cong Idp vai bao ve tui cat GST va bien phap thi cdng dn djnh chan nen tui cat cung nhu tudi thg cdns trinh rat can duac xem xet L I BOHANH KHU VUC T R S N G DUONG VUON HOA VA DICH VU DU LICH TUONG CHAN PHONH HO TUI CAT P H A S O N G •Trrjspr\_ OUONG HOTN 15000 TUI CAT DON GST-A t0,40 LC5P vAl B A O ve GST-C -^^+0.10 TUI C A T K E P G S T - B ~^^ -0 20 ^^ -0.90 / :~j5^e7z ^ J\ -^r-j-j'Si: 2500 1300 _ ^\^ J 1300 ^ 2500 W-J- -1,50 Hinh : Mat cdt ngang ke bdo vi theo cdng nghi kit cdu mim GST [2] 2.5 Ke da khu ddn cu thi trdn Phan Ri Cua Ke nham muc tieu chdng sat Id cho khu dan cu ven biln cua thj trin Phan Ri, dugc xay dyng theo dang ke da dd, nhin chung da phat huy dugc tac dung bao ve bd Miia gid Tay Nam phia ngoai chan ke dugc bdi lip tdt, miia gid Ddng chan ke c6 bi xdi nhung ke van lam viec dn dinh Tuy nhien theo kit qua dilu tra khao sat cho thiy vl lau dai cin thilt phai dl ddi khu dan cu sat biln cua thj trin vao sau dat liln, vira dam bao an toan, dl phong cac can bao Idn cd the xay gay nguy hilm din tinh mang cua ngudi dan, ddng thai nha nude cd dieu kien xay dyng mot viing bd biln sach dep, thong thoang, bao ve my quan, mdi trudng, hudng tdi xay dyng mgt khu dan cu van minh, hien dai, mgt cang ca Idn va khu che bien hai san ndi tieng noi day 2.6 He thdng ke chdng bdi idng Song song vdi he thdng ke chdng xdi Id bd biln, hang loat ke chdng bdi ling cho cac cua song va cua cang nhu cang Phan Thilt, Phu Hai, cang Phan Ri va cang La Gi cung dugc dau tu xay dyng bang ket cau be tdng khdi Idn TETRAPOD, coc be tong va da dd, kit qua boat dgng chg thay muc tieu va giai phap dl la hap ly, dap iing yeu ciu cua ba ng^u dan Tuy nhien cung tdn tai mgt sd vin dl vl ludng lach miia kho, mot s6 thdi diem nuac thuy tneu xudng thap viec vao cang rit khd khan, tham chi nhilu trudng hgp phai trung chuyen hai san tir ngoai xa vao bd thuyin khdng thi vao cang duoc Nsuvin Dinh Virong Trdn Minh Tudn , -, 433 Mat khac cung nhan thiy ring kit ciu ke bing khdi dd be tdng TETRAPOD nb.r bien nav rat tdn kem, thi cong lau va muc an loan, my quan khdng cao " ^ 2.7 Nhgn xet chung Danh gia chung vl cac he thdng cdng trinh chdng xdi Id bao ve bd biln cung nhu cac cong trinh chong bdi lang cho be thdng cang, cua song tren dia ban tinh Binh Thuan cd thi rut mgt so nhan xet chinh nhu sau : - Ve hieu qua hau hit cac cdng trinh da phat huy dugc tac dung va muc tieu dl ra, dac biet la cac cdng trinh mang tinh khin cip nhu ke Ham Tiln, ke Phude Thi da c h p dung dugc sat Id, bao ve an toan vl ngudi va tai san cho nhan dan, bao ve he thdng giao thdng va cac khu du ljch Phat huy dugc hieu qua cua cac dy an thOr nghiem vl phdng chdng thien tai Cac cdng trinh chdng bdi ling gdp phin lam thdng ludng lach, md dudng cho tau thuyin vao cang, van chuyin hang hoa thuan Igi - v l nhugc diem, gia diu tu cac cdng trinh cdn rit cao, kit ciu thd, nang, tren mdi met vudng bd bien phai dd mgt khdi be tdng kha Idn ciing vdi nhilu loai vat lieu dat tien khac nhu vai Igc, da lot, dng puy v.v Viec be tdng hda (cirng hda) cac doan bd bien se anh hudng den canh quan mdi trudng cac bai tim Hiu hit cdc cdng trinh deu cd thdi gian thi cdng qua dai, mat bang cdng trudng chiem di^n tich Idn, anh budng den sinh boat va du lich ciia ngudi dan Doi vdi cong trinh bao ve bd tai cac khu dan cu, khu cdng nghiep, hai cang va khu vyc qudc phdng thi giai phap be tdng hda (ciing hda) bd bien la hgp ly, van de chi la lya chgn giai phap ket cau, irng dung tien bp ky thuat de dam bao gia va my quan cho cdng trinh, giam tdi da anh hudng va tac dgng mdi trudng qua trinh thi cdng Doi vdi cac vung bd bien la bai tam va khu du lich thi yeu cau bao ve bd bien la kbit khe va chat che ban nhieu Cd tieu chi bat buoc la: a) Khdng dugc be tdng hda phan bai bien neu dd la bai tam b) Cdng trinh phai cd mat bang tbi cong nhd va qua trinh thi cdng khdng anh hudng den boat ddng du lich, tam bien ciia du khacb c) Cdng trinh phai dam bao giir gin dugc canh quan mdi trudng ty nhien ciia khu du ljch, bai tam D I dap ung dugc cac tieu chi dd, ddi hdi cac nha quan ly va khoa bgc phai dau tu nghien cuu, dua nbilu giai pbap nhim so sanh, lya chgn phuong an tdi uu, thich hgp dip ung cac yeu ciu neu tren, dd cin thilt phai irng dung cac tien bg ky thuat vl vat lieu mdi, kit ciu mdi thi mdi dat hieu qua cao De xuat giai phap bao ve bo bien Binh Thuan 3.1 Gidi phdp cdng trinh Cac kit qua nghien ciru trude day vl danh gia qua trinh xam thyc viing bd [3], [6], phan tich nhirng nguyen nhan gay xdi Id tren cac cung bd da chi rang hien tugng xdi Id bd biln Binh Thuan xay chu ylu la sy kit hgp giira trilu cudng va sdng Idn, cac yeu to nhu ddng ven bd, ddng vudng gdc vdi dudng bd thyc chat ciing la sdng tao Tir nh$n dinh cin cd duac dinh hudng cac giai phap bao vf bd dung dan va hgp ly ban Trieu cudng la mot quy luat tu nhien, ngudi chua the che ngy dugc, vay giai phap chdng 434 ^ Tdng quan cdc cdng trinh da dp diing vd di xudt sidi phdp bao vi ba biin Binh Thudn xdi Id bd biln chinh la cac giai phap chdng lai nhung sdng Idn truyin tdi bd (tac dgng vao bd), chdng sdng trye tilp tren bd hay pha sdng tir xa tiiy thugc vao yeu cau thyc tl, tinh chit, nhiem vu cdng trinh va kha nang kinh te, ky thuat de quyet dinh Dudi day xin dl xuit mgt sd giai phap ky thuat cbong/han che xam thyc bd bien 3.1.1 Giai phdp cdng trinh bao ve bd true tiep Ddi vdi cac khu dan cu, cdng nghiep va hai cang, yeu cau bao ve la tuyet doi an loan, vi vay tai cac vi tri giai phap "cung hda" bd la rat can thiet Cd nhieu phuang an de cimg hda nhu xay dyng tudng ke bang be tdng, lat mai bang ket cau KC-1998 (be tdng mang mim Tsc-178), rai da hoc hoac khoi Tetrapod len mai bd sau da cd Idp vai dia chit va giir chan ke bing cac hang ong puy, ke da dd Nhin chung day la cac dang cong trinh cd vdn diu tu rit Idn, vi vay cac phuang an deu phai dugc nghien cuu, tham dinh va so sanh rit than trgng trude dua quyet dinh xay dyng Ddi vdi cac khu du lich, bai tam, giai phap bao ve bd phai "mem hda", chdng xdi Id cd nhilu yeu cau phiic lap han Trude bet neu ap dung giai phap bao ve trye tiep thi viec cirng hda bd bien cung chi nen ap dung cho phan tren bd, phan mai bd phai giir nguyen la bai cat ty nhien, de nghi ap dung cdng nghe bao ve bd va ket hgp nudi bai phuc vu du lich Giai phap bao ve bd dugc dua la kit ciu KC-2002 kieu chan ke TOE-HWRU-2001,[4], kit cau mem GST [2] vv Ngoai giai phap bao ve bd phai bao dam thi cdng nhanh ggn khong yeu cau mat bang cdng trudng Idn trir khu vyc thi cdng cdng trinh, dac biet khong anh hudng tdi hoat dgng du lich va tam bien cua du khach, yeu cau thi cdng kieu cudn chieu tirng doan, giir gin ve sinh mdi trudng cho bai tam Tir nhiing yeu cau khat khe tren cd the de xuat mgt giai phap khac de bao ve bd cho cac khu bai tam la irng dung cong nghe cir ban BTCT dy img lyc (be tong irng suat trude) lap ghep tudng dung de bao ve bd, vdi cong nghe nay, hoan toan cd the dap irng dugc nhung yeu cau de d tren, dac biet la tdc dg thi cdng va sy ggn nhe cua cdng trudng vi tat ca cau kien deu dugc due san nha may, phan be tong lien ket ciing dugc pbdi trdn a noi khac mang tdi, so lugng cdng nhan tren cdng trudng chi tii den 10 ngudi, cd the thi cdng theo yeu ciu cua nganh du lich dl bai tim ludn hoat dgng binh thudng Dudi day xin gidi thieu dang cong trinh bao ve bd bien Binh Thuan irng dung cdng nghe cir ban BTCT dy iing lyc a) Bao vi b& true tiip irng dung cdng nghe eu bdn BTCT du irng lire kit hop mdi be tdng mdng mim Tsc-178 chdn ke TOE-HWRJJ-2001 (cai tiin KC-2002) Tren co so kit cau KC-2002, d day ta thay tudng be tdng trgng lyc d dinh ciia kit ciu KC-2002 bang hang tudng cir BTCT dy irng lyc, xem Hinh Phat huy tinh uu viet cua kit cau KC-2002 da dugc nhac den a phin 2,3 Day la phuong an cd tinh dn dinh an toan ciia ke kha cao, bien phap thi cdng de dang, kha nang gay bdi Idn (da thi cong cho ke Ham Tiln - Mui Ne, qua thdi gian van hanh su dung cdng trinh cho thiy doan ke kit ciu KC-2002 thudng bdi nhieu nen khdng Id phin mai va chan khay) Tuy nhien vin cd nhugc dilm la phan gia cd mai va chan khay van cdn kha dai vl phia biln khoang 7-10m, chilm dien tich bai cat cd the Id bd bien bj xam thyc manh (hoac gia s6 lieu phuc vu tinh toan thilt ke cdng trinh cd tin cay thip) m khic phuc nhugc dilm cd thi nghien ciru tinh toan thiet ke thap cao dp chan khay va dinh mai cua phin gia c6 tim be tdng mang mim Tsc178 thi kha nang lo phan be long rit it va viec phuc vu cho nhu ciu nghi mat, tim biln la cd the dap irng tot Mat khac nlu trudng hap day la bai tim du lich, tren bd khdng chju anh hudng cua tai trpng Idn nen rit cin thay tudng be tdng luc cua KC-2002 Nsuvin Dinh Virong Trdnjynnf^,laii 435 bang hang cu BTCT dy ung luc nbim bao ve canh quan moi trudng du lich sinh thai viing bien MAT CAT NGANG DIFN HINH DOAN KE BIEN f J h W ? ^ Hinh : Ke bao ve bd biin irng dung cdng nghe eir ban BTCT du irng lire kit hop mdt be tdng mdng mini Tse-178 chdn ke TOE-HWRU-2001 b) Bdo vi ba true tiep irng dung cdng nghi cir ban BTCT du ung lire Giai phap bao ve bd bien bang loai ke irng dung cdng nghe coc cir ban BTCT dy img lyc, xem Hinh 7, cd cac uu diem sau : Gid dugc nguyen trang bai tam, khdi lugng be long nhd ngoai ggn nhe (dien tich chiem bai gan nhu rat it) Viec thi cong rit nhanh, gon va hoan loan khdng anh buong den boat dgng du ljch va tam bien cua du khacb Tbi cong khdng theo nude, khong phu thupc vao thuy trieu (cd the tbi cdng nude), Thi cdng cudn chilu vdi mgt mat bing cdng uudng nhd ggn, bai vat lieu it, ban che roi vai be tdng tren bai tim vi ciu kien da phin dugc che tao nha may, dam bao mgt cong trudng sach se va ve sinh mdi trudng, Tao hanh lang Idi di dgc theo bd bien dudi nhirng hang den chieu sang (cot Inoc chdng ri) tai cac bai tim se gdp phin giir gin tdn tao canh quan moi trudng du ljch cho bai bien Vdi kit ciu ke BTCT dy irng lyc, viec tu, sira chira hang nam khdng dang ke neu khdng mudn ndi la khdng can thiet Nhan xet : Tren day la phuang an dat dugc yeu cau vira bao ve bd bien khoi bi xdi Id vira gin giir va tdn tao canh quan, mdi trudng du lich cua bai bien, rit cin dugc xem xet nghien ciru irng dung Tdng quan cdc cdng trinh da dp dung vd di xudt gidi phdp hdo vi ba biin Binh Thudn 436 ULLLLLLLTLLLLLJ ' LLLLLLLLLi LLLLLLLLLLL a^, j_^LL Ll_LLL_L_L L L ^ ^^ Hang cu ban be ton L E L L L L L L L U L.I_L_L C6I di^n X L P L L L + - £ ; L_ l_L L L L L L L T L I T L I L_l_Ll t_LI_l_l_Ll_Ll_LLL L L L L L L L L L L L L :i- l_ L L l_ i_ L U L L L L L LLLL_LLULLULL B u B kC'LEN "' ' L I U L C L L L L L ' H I L IL-LLLLLLLLLLL UJLLLLLLLLLLLL JLLLLLLLLLL JLLLLLLLLLLLL ,1 i I ; I I I I I I I L _ L ^ L ( + ^ ) L L L L L U_LL^-tr4f2^LLLLL MAT CAT B-B Gach l i t : 20x20 •t-a.oo i ^BTCTM300 V(3a 161 ^ ^ i +2,40 r Hinh : U'ng dung cdng nghi coc cu bdn BTCT du ung lire bdo ve ba trirc tiip 3.1.2 Gidi phdp cdng trinh bdo ve hd gidn tiip eho mdt sd vi tri Trong trudng hgp su dung phuong phap bao ve bd gian tilp tir xa, kiln nghi djnh hudng chung cac budc chinh nhu sau : - Xac dinh vj tri bd bien can bao ve, xac dinh vj tri xay dyng de (ke) chin/pha sdng tir xa tren co sd ket qua Idi giai bai toan tuang tac sdng-bd (ching han diing phin mim tinh sdng RCPWAVE) [5], xem Hinh - Xac djnh kilu dang ke pha sdng nhu khdi be tong try dd, ke da dd, ke bing cac khdi be tong Tetrapod, phao be tdng neo giir, cu ban BTCT du irng lyc ddng hd each deu (kieu rang lu-gc) vv Tinh toan ket cau va de xuat giai phap thi cdng Nsuven Dinh Vu(rnen Anh Tiln (2003) "Nghien cini nguyen nhdn vd giai phdp giam thieu sat la bd bien vimg Hdm Tien - Mid Ne vd vdn de xdy dung ca sd dir lieu sdng ven bd tinh Binh Thudn " Ky yeu Hpi thao Khoa bgc "Bao ve bd biln va canh quan moi trudng du lich viing biln tinh Binh Thuan" Sd Kl ICN Binh Thuan [6] Nguyen Dinh Vugng (2006) "Ddnh gid qud trinh xdm thuc bd bien tmh Binh Thudn, phdn tich nguyen nhdn vd de xudt giai phdp phdng chdng" Tap chi khoa hoc ky thuat Thuy Igi va Mdi trudng, s6 12 thang 3/2006, 7] "Dd dn TKKT-BVTC ke bao ve bd bien Hdm Ticn -Tp Phan Thiit Phude The - Tuy Phong tinh Binh Thudn " Cong ly Tu vin CGCN chi nhanh miln Trung - Dai hpc Thuy lgi, 2000 - 2001  ... c) Cdng trinh phai dam bao giir gin dugc canh quan mdi trudng ty nhien ciia khu du ljch, bai tam D I dap ung dugc cac tieu chi dd, ddi hdi cac nha quan ly va khoa bgc phai dau tu nghien cuu, dua... bd bien khoi bi xdi Id vira gin giir va tdn tao canh quan, mdi trudng du lich cua bai bien, rit cin dugc xem xet nghien ciru irng dung Tdng quan cdc cdng trinh da dp dung vd di xudt gidi phdp... cao ddi sdng ngudi dan vin dl khai thac vat lieu ciing nhu cac xi nghiep khai thac quang ven biln cung cin dugc quan ly chat che bing cac quy dinh, chinh sach rd rang nham ban che viec dao xdi