Ôn tập anh 9 đầy đủ

Một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ nhưng còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại hoặc tương lai.. Một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, không xác định rõ thơi gian.. Mệnh đề quan hệ/ mệnh đề tính từ l

I, you, we, they + have + PP

He, she, it + has +PP

Note: PP = past participle (quá khứ phân từ) ( =V-ed: V có quy tắc, =V3: V bất quy tắc)

b Negative:

I, you, we, the + have not (haven’t) + PP

He, she, it + has not ( hasn’t) + PP

c Interrogative:

Have + I, you, we, they + P.P ?

Has + he, she, it + P.P ?

2-Use

a Một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ nhưng còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại

hoặc tương lai

Thường đi với : since (từ khi); for (được bao lâu)

Ex1: She has lived here since 1987

Ex2: They have swum for 1 hour

b Một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, không xác định rõ thơi gian.

Thường đi với: already, ever ( before), never (before), not, yet, several times, many times

Ex1: She’s been to Japan several times

Ex2: I have never worked in that company before

c Một hành động vừa mới xảy ra.

Thường đi với : lately, just, recently, in recent weeks/ months / years Ex1: My uncle has just come back form Americ

Ex2: They have done the assignment in recent weeks

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Did + subject + bare-infinitive ?

Note: The simple past form of ‘to be’

* Affirmative:

You, we, they + were ;

I, he, she, it + was

* Negative

You, we, they + were not (weren’t )

I, he, she, it + was not (wasn’t)

* Interrogative

Were + you, we, they ?

Was + he, she, it ?

2-Use

a Một hành động đã hoàn tất tại một thời điểm nào đó trong quá khứ

Thường đi với: yesterday, last ( last week, last year ), ago (3 days ago, ), in 1999, in 1987

Ex1: She was here yesterday

Ex2: They didn’t learn Chinese 3 year ago

b Một thói quen ở quá khứ.

Ex1: They often went fishing when they lived in the country

Ex2: Jack always got up at 3:00 am last year

c Một hành động đó hoàn tất trong một khoảng thời gian xỏc định trong quỏ

khứ ( from to )

Ex: From 1981 to 1983, my older brother worked as a journalist

PASSIVE VOICE 1-Gerund rule

Active: S + V + O

Passive: S +to be + PP +( by +O)

Động từ chính của câu chủ động ở thì nào thì tobe phải chia ở thì đó

Example:

a.The simple present

She cleans the floor everyday

( S + V / Vs / es )

Passive: The floor is cleaned everyday.

(S + am/is/are/ +PP )

b.The present continous.

Mr.Baker is repairing the car

Passive: the car is being repaired by Mr Baker ( S + am/ is/ are + being

+ PP )

c.The present perfect

Someone has stolen the bicycles ( S+ has/have + P.P )

Passive: The bicycles have been stolen ( S+ has/have + been + PP )

d.The simple past

Where did they find the drugs ? ( S + V2/ V-ed)

Passive: where were the drugs found ? ( S+ was/ were + PP )

e.The past continuous

They were preparing luch when I came there yesterday (S+was/were +V-ing )

Passive: Luch was being prepared when I came there yesterday.( S+ was/

were + being + PP )

f The past perfect

She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm ( S+ had + PP )

Passive: Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m (S+ had been +

PP )

g Will/ would, shall/ should, can/ could, may/might must, have to, be going to, used to,

Active: S+ will/would, shall/ should + bare-infinitive + object

Passive: S + will/would, shall/shoul + be + past participle (+ by object).

Ex: Police will destroy these drugs

Passive: the drugs will be destroyed by police.

2-Special cases

a Active: s1+ verb1( say/believe/think ) (that) +S2+verb2

Passive:

Cách 1: It + be + PP (verb1) + s2 + verb2

Cách 2: S2+ be+ PP (verb1) + to- infinitive (verb2)

Ex: People say that he is crazy

Passive: The floor hasn’ t been cleaned lately

Ex2: We didn’t do anything about it

Passive: Nothing was done about it.

- By whom was this novel written ?

- Who was this novel written by ?

d It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + sth

Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + PP

Ex: It is important to finish this exercise

It is important for this exercise to be finished

Please open the door

Let the door be opened

Ex2:

Turn on the light

You are supposed to turn on the light

f Causative form ( thức mệnh lệnh)

Active:

- She + have + sb+ bare-infinitive + st

- S + get + sb + to- infinitive + sth

Passive:

- S + have + sth + PP

- S + get + sth + PP

Ex1:

She has had someone repaint the car

She has had the car repainted

Ex2:

They got me to do the housework

They got the housework done

RELATIVE CLAUSE Introduction ( giới thiệu).

Mệnh đề quan hệ/ mệnh đề tính từ là mệnh đề phụ trong câu (không thể đứng riêng một mình) Nó bắt đầu bằng:

a relative pronouns (đại từ quan hệ) : WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHOSE, THAT.

b relative adverbs (trạng từ liên hệ) : WHERE, WHEN, WHY.

Ex1: A man who dares to do it dares to do anything

Ex2: We talked to the man who was from Beijing

1-WHO

* Thay cho danh từ, đại từ chỉ người, có chức năng của một chủ từ.

* Lưu ý “Who” trong cấu trúc:

Noun/ pronoun (person) + who + verb

Ex1: The man has met your boss.He come from Italy

subject

→ The man who comes from Italy has met your boss

relative clause

Ex2: We have met the girl She studies in the shool

→ We have met the girl who studies in the school

relative clause

2-WHOM

* Thay cho danh từ/ đại từ chỉ người, có chức năng của một đối từ.

* Lưu ý: “Whom” trong cấu trúc.

Noun / pronoun + whom + subject + verb

Ex1: We like the man You talked to him yesterday

* Thay thế cho sở hữu cách (possessive cases)

* Xuất hiện trong hai cấu trúc

- noun/ pronoun + whose + noun + verb

- noun/ pronoun whose + noun + subject + verb

Ex1: The girl looks disappoited Her examination result its so bad

The girl whose examination result is so bad looks disappointed.Ex2: That is the girl I took her hat by mistake yesterday

That is the girl whose hat I took by mistake yesterday

4-WHICH

* Thay thể cho danh từ, địa từ chỉ vật

* Có thể làm chủ từ hoặc đối từ

* Lưu ý các cấu trúc

- noun / pronoun + which + verb

- noun/ pronoun + which + subject + verb

Ex1: She show me the table It was made by her father

She shows me the table which was made by her father

Ex2: Do you like this car ? Mr Tan bought it last month

Do you like this car, which Mr.Tan bought last month ?

Note: “Which” có thể được sử dụng để thay thế cho một mệnh đề đứng trước nó (= and this/ and that)

Ex: Tom is so lazy, and this makes Mrs Green worried.

Tom is so lazy, which makes Mrs Green worried

5-WHERE

* Thay cho trạng từ, cụm trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn (place) (eg.here, there, in that place )

* Thường xuất hiện trong cấu trúc:

noun/ pronoun ( = a place) + where + subject + verb

Ex: We visit the hospital We were born there/in that hospital

We visit the hospital where we were born

6-WHEN

* Thay cho trạng từ, cum từ chỉ thời gian (time) (on that day, in the year )

* Thường xuất hiện trong cấu trúc :

noun / pronoun (= time ) + when + subject + verb

Ex: She will never forget the day She first met him on that day

She will never forget the day when she first met him

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 1-Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai (ĐKI) ( possible

condition at present or in future )

If clause : simple present Main clause : will/shall/can/may + bare-infinitive

Ex1: If it rain, we won’t go for a picnic

Ex2: Our natural resources will disappear if we do not conserve them

Notes :

- Ta có thể sử dụng mệnh lệnh ở mệnh đề chính

Ex: If you drink, don’t drive

- Ta có thể sử dụng “should” ở mệnh đề điều kiện để tỏ ý nghi ngờ

Ex: If he should call, tell him I will ring back

- Dạng rút gọn ở mệnh đề điều kiện (if possible, if necessary, if so )

Ex: If necessary, I will help you.

-Ta có thể sử dụng dạng mệnh lệnh để thay cho mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện Trong trường hợp này, giữa hai mệnh đề thường có các liên từ như sau:

and, or, else, otherwise.

2-Điều kiện không xảy ra ở hiện tại (ĐK II) (present unreal condition ) Main clause: would/could/might + bare-infinitive

If clause: simple present

Ex1: If she had wings, she would fly to an island

Ex2: He would build more houses if he were a king

- “Were to + bare –infinitive” có thể được sử dụng để thay thế động từ ở

“simple past” trong mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện

Ex: If I were to ask him nicely, he would help us

GERUND

The gerund is used as a subject, a complement, an object of a verb or an

object of a preposition ( danh động từ được sử dụng như một chủ động, bổ

túc từ, túc từ của một động từ, hay túc từ của một giới từ)

Ex1: Seeing is believing ( S= gerund)

Ex2: Her hobby is listening to music ( complement = gerund)

Ex3: They have finished doing exercises ( object = gerund)

Ex4: We are font of playing football (Object of an preposition = gerund)

Note:

Danh động từ theo sau các động từ: to enjoy, to mind, to avoid, to finish,

to practise, to suggest, to postpone, to delay, to imagine, can’t help/stand

Lưu ý cách sử dụng của các động từ :

 Forget + to-infinitive : quên (sẽ/ phải) làm gì

Forget + ing : quên đã làm việc gì.

Ex1: She forgets being taken to the zoo by her father when she was six

Ex2: Don’t forget to shut the door before leaving.

 Remember + to-infinitive : nhớ ( sẽ/ phải) làm gì;

Remember + V-ing : nhớ đã làm gì

Ex1: They always remember going to cinema together

Ex2: They remember to have a test on Wendnesday

 Stop + to-infinitive : dừng ( một việc) lại để làm gì;

Stop + V- ing : dừng làm một việc gì

Ex1: This moring , I saw Mr.Pike in the street, so I stopped to greet himEx2: The teacher asked us to stop talking

 Need + to- infinitive: cần làm gì ( active);

Need + V-ing: cần được ( passive)

Ex1: We need to repair the car

Ex2: The car needs repairing

- Lưu ý cấu trúc:

a S + spend + time + V-ing = It + take + s.b + time + to-inf

b To-inf/ V-ing + be + adj/ noun = It + be + adj/ noun + to-inf

= S + V+ it + adj / noun + to-inf

Anh ấy đi ngủ vì anh ấy buồn ngủ

Mệnh đề phụ có chữ because có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính.

Tuy nhiên phải chú ý nếu mệnh đề phụ đi trước phải có dấu phảy (,) ngăncách nó với mênh đề chính

b) As

- As she was free , she came to see me

Vì cô ấy rảnh rỗi, cô ấy đến thăm tôi

c) Since

- Since he doesn’t like music , he never goes to the concert

Vì anh ấy không thích nhạc, anh ấy không bao giờ đi xem hoà

nhạc

Mệnh đề since và as luôn đứng trước mệnh đề chính.

+Ngoài ra, đồng nghĩa với Because, As và Since còn có Now that, So/ As Long As và Inasmuch As.

Ví dụ:

a) Now that = Because now

- Now that Peggy has a car , she can drive to school

Vì giờ đây Peggy có xe rồi, cô ấy có thể lái xe đi học

- As long as ( So long as) you’re not busy Can you help me ?

Vì bạn không bận rộn, bạn có thể giúp tôi ?

c) Inasmuch as

Thường được dùng trong văn viết trịnh trọng (formal writing ).

- Inasmuch as the two governments could not reach an agreement, thepossiblities for peace is still remote

Vì hai chính phủ không thể đi đến một sự nhất trí, khả năng hoà bìnhvẫn còn xa

+Ngoài các liên từ phụ thuộc ( Subordinating Conjuctions) như Because,Since, As, Now that, As long as, Inasmuch as chúng ta còn một liên từ kết

hợp ( Co-ordinating conjuctions) FOR chỉ lý do.

* Liên từ kết hợp là liên từ nối hai mệnh đề độc lập (independentclauses) và không dùng ở đầu câu

Ví dụ:

- I phoned her, for I wanted to tell her about her exam.

Tôi gọi điện cho cô ấy vì tôi muốn nói với cô ấy về kỳ thi của cô ấy.

+Mệnh đề chỉ lý do còn có thể đổi ra cụm từ chỉ lý do ( phrases of reason)

với because of hoặc due to.

Ví dụ:

- Because the weather was cold, we stayed home.

→ Because of the cold weather, we stayed home

→ Due to the cold weather, we stayed home

Vì thời tiết lạnh, chúng tôi ở nhà

Vì xe cộ đông đúc, chúng tôi đến buổi họp trễ

b) Because of là nhóm giới từ ( Prepositional phrase), theo sau nó là một cụm danh từ ( noun phrase)

Ví dụ:

- Because of the heavy traffic, we were late for the meeting.

B-PRACTICE

Conditional Sentences

VIẾT LẠI CÂU

1 You got into so much trouble because you didn’t listen to me.

5 I’m not you, so I can’t tell him the truth.

c had/ will buy d had/ would buy

22.If I ………you, I ……….do that.

c were/ will d had been/ would.

23.If I were offered the job, I think I ……… it.

c would take d would have taken

24.I would be very surprised if he………

c had refused d would refuse

25.Many people would be out of work if that factory……… down.

26.6 If she sold her car, she ………… much money.

27.They would be disappointed if we……….

28.Would John be angry if I …… ……his bicycle without asking?

a take b took c had taken d would take

29.She ……….terrible upset if I lost this ring.

a will be b would be c were d had been

30.If someone…………in here with a gun, I would be very frightened.

a would walk b walks c had walked d walked

31.What would happen if you ……… to work tomorrow?

a don’t go b didn’t go c won’t go d wouldn’t go

32.We ‘ll get wet if we ………….out.

33.If I go shopping, I ………some food.

c would buy d would have bought

34.If I find it, I ………you.

a will tell b would tell c had told d told

35.What would you do if you………a million dollars?

a would win b win c had won d won

36.They ‘d be hurt if I ……….

a don’t go b didn’t go c hadn’t gone d wouldn’t go

37.If we took the 6: 30 train, we…………too early.

a would have arrived b arrived

c will arrived d would arrive

38.If I had known you were in hospital, I …………to see you.

39.If I …………., I would have said hello.

a had seen b see c saw d would see

40.I………… out if I hadn’t been so tired.

a will go b went c would have gone d would go

41.If I ……… a camera, I would have taken some pictures.

a have b had c would have d had had

42.You won’t pass the examination………you study more.

a as long as b unless c if d whether

43.If only I …………you wanted to invest money in business.

a had known b knew c have known d know

44.If I were to leave my country , I ………disappointed.

a probably be b would have been c will be d would be

45.If he hadn’t wasted too much time, he……….in his examination.

a would fail b wouldn’t fail

c wouldn’t have failed d won’t fail

46.If I had taken that English course, I ……… much progress.

47.If I were in your place, I ……….a trip to England.

a will make b had made c made d would make

48.If I ………… you , I’d save some of your lottery winning.

49.If the car ……… larger, we would have bought it.

a had been b have been c has been d been

50.If I had enough money, I ……… abroad to improve my English.

a will go b should go c would go d should have go to

51.If it …… convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight.

52.If you …… time, please write to me.

a have b have had c had d has

53.If you had the chance, ………… you go finishing?

54.Trees won’t grow ……… there is enough water.

55.If you ……… to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this

mess right now

a listen b had listened c will listen d listened

56.I wish I …… you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself.

a can lend b could lend c would lend d will lend

57.If someone ……… into the store, smile and say, “ May I help you?”

a comes b came c would come d could lend

58.If you stay up late the previous night, you ……… sleepy the next

morning

a feel b to feel c feels d will feel

59.If Peter ……, Sarah will be sad because she wants to meet him very

much

a comes b do not come c does not come d will come

60.If his teeth still …… , he will have to go to the dentist’s again.

a hurt b hurts c to hurt c will hurt

61.If you…………Tom , tell him I have a message for him.

a will meet b would meet c meet d met

62.If you …………too hot during the night , turn down the central heating.

a will feel b felt c feel d feels

63.If you …………with your dictionary, I ‘d like to borrow it.

a finish b finished c will finish d are finishing

64.If I lived nearer the centre , I …………always late.

a wouldn’t be b can be c won’t be d will be

65.What would Lan do if she ………… the Miss world.

a would be b were c will be d is

66.If I ………….her , I would have said “ hello”

a has seen b have seen c saw d had seen

67.If she had read the passage more slowly , the candidate………….

a understood b would have understood

c will understood d would understand

68.If it………, they will not go out.

a rains b rained c rain d raining

69.James will not complete the work if she is ………… rarely enough.

a tell b telling c tells d told

70.Betty will not go to the party unless John ……….too.

71.Miss An does not want to go on the trip if nobody………… with her.

72.If you ………….to go shopping, please go with your aunt this weekend.

a wants b want c wanting d wanted

73.Mr Smith has to work on weekends if his manager………….him to.

a tell b telling c told d tells

74.Unless they ………her to work hard, she would not.

a encourage b encourage c encourages d encouraging

75.If I ……….a king, I would give money to the poor

76.If we had left this country , we would have………….to Australia.

a emigrated b emigrates c emigrate d emigrating

77.If I had to the party last night, I …………her.

a will have met b would meet c would have met d willmeet

78.Unless the pupils pay attention, the teacher ……….be angry.

a would b may c will d might

79.Please do not go out if it……….

a rain b rains c rained d raining

80.If you …………me with this exercise, I will do the same for you one

day

a helped b would helpc help d will help

81.If you listen to music, you can’t ………your study.

a concentrate on b interested in c care about d read about

82.………you study harder, you won’t pass the final exam.

a unless b if c if not d without

83.If the weather………….fine, we will go on a picnic.

a is b were c would be d will be

84.If he……….harder, the results will be better.

a worked b works c has worked d will work

85.If Americans ate fewer foods with sugar and salt, their general

health better

86.If she hadn’t overslept, she ……… late for the interview.

a wouldn’t be b wouldn’t have been

c hadn’t been d would have been

87.I’d have told you if I ………… the book.

a had seen b would have seen c saw d see

88.If we had known your new address, we………… to see you.

a came b would have come c would come d willcome.

89.If I found a wallet in the street, I ………….take it to police.

a will b should c would d shall

90.I ………….that coat if I were you.

a wouldn’t buy b didn’t buy c don’t buy d won’t buy

Passive and Active voice 91.A group of students have met their friend at the railway station.