Phuong trinh phản ưng của các hidrocacbon

Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon Phuong trinh hidrocacbon

I – ANKAN (mạch hở) CnH2n+2 ; n ≥ 1 Al C + 12 H O  → Al (OH ) ↓ +3CH (Điều chế CH4 ankan) 15 crackinh ,t C C H   → CH + C H (crackinh ankan) ,t CH COONa + NaOH CaO  → CH + Na CO3 (ankan CH4) 16 C C + H 300  → CH (D/c ankan CH4) CH + Cl askt → CH Cl + HCl (PƯThế ankan CH4) 17 vikhuan CO2 + H  → CH + H O (D/c CH4) C 2CH 1500  → C H + H (crackinh ankan CH4) 18 Ni , 250 C CO + 3H  → CH + H O (D/c CH4) t 2CH Cl + Na → C H + NaCl (D/c ankan C2H6) 19 ,t C CH3COONa + NaOH CaO  → CH4 + Na2CO3 (D/c ankan CH4) askt C H + Cl →  C H Cl + HCl (PƯThế ankan C2H6) 20 Ni ,t C C H + H  → C H 10 (D/c ankan butan) Pt ,t C C H  → C H + H (crackinh ankan C2H6) 21 đpdd 2CH COONa + H O  → C H + NaOH + 2CO2 + H ↑ Ni , t C C H + H  → C H (D/c ankan C2H6) 22 C H Cl + Na + Cl − C H  → C H 10 + NaCl Ni ,t C C H + H  → C H 10 (D/c ankan C4H10 butan) 23 C H 12 crackinh  → C H + C H xt , t C H 16  → C H + C H 10 0 0 0 0 0 crackinh ,t 0C 10 C H 10    → CH + C H (crackinh butan C4H10) 24 11 Na – O – C – CH2 – C – Na + 2NaOH  → CH4 + 2Na2CO3 (CH4) 25 C , H SO4 2C H t → C H 12 26 xt ,t C H  → C H + H 27 Ni CH − CH − CH = CH + H → C H 10 28 Ni CH − CH − CH = CH + H → C H 10 (từ Butilen  butan) 29 cacoxitnito , 600 C CH + O2   → HCHO + H 2O (Oxi hóa khơng hồn tồn) ‖ ‖ O O 0 12 13 14 ,t C CH3COOH + NaOH CaO  → CH4 + Na2CO3 + H2O (D/c CH4) Al C + 12 HCl  → 3CH + AlCl (D/c ankan CH4) Al C + H SO4  → 3CH + Al ( SO4 ) (D/c ankan CH4) 30 C n H 2n+ 3n + + O2  → nCO2 + ( n + 1) H O II – XICLOANKAN (mạch vòng) CnH2n ; n ≥ 41 H SO4 loang , t C C H + H O   → C H OH (PƯ anken C2H4) 42 C H + KMnO4 + H O  → C H (OH ) + KOH + MnO2 43 Ni , t C C H + H  → C H (PƯCộng anken C2H4) 44 Pt ,t C C H  → C H + H (D/c anken C2H4) 45 t NaOOC − CH = CH − COONa + NaOH → C H + Na CO3 0 31 + Br2 t0 Br → + HBr C H Br2 + Zn  → C H + ZnBr2 ddKMnO4 → C H (OH ) viết: 47 C H + [O ] + H O   3C H + KMnO4 + H O  → 3C H (OH ) + KOH + MnO2 nCH = CH  →[−CH − CH −] n (PE) (PƯTH anken C2H4) 48 46 32 33 C + H2 Ni ,80  → CH3 – CH2 – CH3 (propan) + Br2  → CH2Br – CH2 – CH2Br (1,3 – đibrompropan) 49 crackinh C H 10   → C H + C H (D/c anken C2H4) 50 H SO4 ,180 C C H OH   → C H + H O (D/c anken C2H4) 34 + HBr  → CH3 – CH2 – CH2Br (1 – brompropan) 53 Pb C H + H → C H (D/c anken C2H4) C H (OH ) + HBr  → C H Br + H O C H + HCl  → C H Cl (PƯCộng anken C2H4) 54 ddKMnO4 C H + [O] + H O  → C H (OH ) 55 CH − CH = CH + HBr  → CH − CHBr − CH (PƯCộng C3H6) 56 CH − CH = CH + Br2  → CH − CHBr − CH Br 51 52 35 C + Br2 Ni ,120   → CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 36 , xt CH3 t  → CH3 + 3H2 Cl | 37 as + Cl2 → 57 58 (xiclopentan) + HCl 59 60 61 38 as + Cl2 → Cl + HCl 62 63 III – ANKEN CnH2n ; n ≥ → C H Cl (PƯCộng anken C2H4) 39 C H + HCl  40 2CH = CH − COONa + H O dpdd  → CH = CH − CH = CH + NaOH + 2CO2 ↑ + H ↑ dd C H + Br2 → C H Br2 (PƯCộng anken C2H4) H SO4 , t C 2C H  → H C = CH − CH − CH ddKMnO4 CH = CH + [O] + H  → HO − CH − CH − OH C6 H + C2 H  → C H − CH − CH C2H5Br + KOH  → C2H4 + KBr +H2O xt , t C C H 12  → C H + 3H 3n C n H n + O2  → nCO2 + nH O IV – ANKADDIEN CnH2n-2 ; n ≥ 64 CH2 – CH – CH = CH2 | | Br Br CH = CH − CH = CH + Br2  → CH2 – CH = CH – CH2 | | Br Br 65 66 67 CH2 = CH – CH = CH2 + Br2  → CH2 – CH – CH –CH2 | | | | Br Br Br Br Na nCH2 = CH – CH = CH2 → [- CH2 – CH = CH – CH2 -]n (cao su buna) Pd CH2 = CH – C ≡ CH + H2 → CH2 = CH – CH = CH2 79 ddKMnO4 C H + 4[O]  → HOOC − COOH viết 3C H + KMnO4 + H O  → 3(COOH ) + 8MnO2 + KOH CH − CHCl  → CH ≡ CH + HCl 80 CH ≡ CH + HCl  → CH − CHCl 78 AgC ≡ CAg + HCl  → CH ≡ CH + AgCl ↓ NH → AgC ≡ CAg + H O viết 82 CH ≡ CH + Ag O  CH ≡ CH + 2[ Ag ( NH ) ] + OH −  → AgC ≡ CAg + NH + H O 81 83 C ,C 2C H 600  → C H (Đề hidro hóa ankin C2H2) 84 T C H Br4 + Zn → C H ↑ +2ZnBr2 (Đ/c ankin C2H2) 0 85 86 2000 C CaO + 3C  → CaC + CO CaC + H O  → C H ↑ +Ca (OH ) (Đ/c ankin C2H2) 88 ruou ,t C C H Br2 + KOH   → C H + KBr + H O xt C H + CH COOH → CH − COOCH = H 89 C nCH ≡ CH Ca , 280  →[−CH = CH −] n (cupren) 87 68 P , xt CH2 = C – CH = CH2 t → | CH3 - CH2 – C = CH – CH2 – | CH3 n 91 ,t C 2CH ≡ CH CuCl  → CH ≡ C − CH = CH C H + AgNO3 + NH  → C Ag + NH NO3 92 C Ag + HCl  → C H + AgCl ↓ 93 HgCl ,t C C H + HCl  → CH = CHCl 90 69 70 Ni CH2 = CH – CH = CH2 + H2 → CH3 – CH2 – CH = CH2 Al O3 , 450 C 2C H OH   → CH = CH − CH = CH + H O + H ↑ 71 72 xt , P , t nCH − CH − CH = CH  →(−CH − CH − CH = CH −) n (polibutaddien) xt , P , t CH2 = CH – CH = CH2 → - CH2 – CH – | CH = CH2 n (Polivinyl etilen) V – ANKIN CnH2n-2 ; n ≥ , NH Cl 2CH ≡ CH CuCl   → CH = CH − C ≡ CH 73 76 C 2C + H 3000  → C2 H Pd / PdCO3 C2H2 + H2  → C H (PƯCộng ankin C2H2) Ni C2H2 + 2H2 → C H (PƯCộng ankin C2H2) 77 HgSO4 / 80 C C H + H O   → CH CHO 74 75 0 xt , P ,t C nCH = CHCl   →(−CH − CHCl −) n 3n − O2  → nCO2 + (n − 1) H O 95 C n H n − + VI – AREN CnH2n-6 n ≥ xt , t → C H + 3H 96 C H 12  94 97 xt ,t 3C H  → C H 98 Ni , t C H + 3H  → C H 12 99 AlCl3 C H + CH Cl  → C H − CH + HCl CH3 NO2 | + 3HO – NO2 → H SO4 100 + 3H2O 101 102 + Fe, to Br2 103 Fe, to + Br2 t C H CH + KMnO4 + H O → C H COOK + MnO2 + KOH Kali benzoat C H COOK + HCl  → C H COOH + KCl 110 Br 111 ,t C H + C H Cl xt  → C H C H + HCl 112 as C H C H + Cl → C H CHClCH + HCl 113 ,t C H CHClCH xt  → C H CH = CH + HCl 0 CH3 Br 114 CH3 116 117 SO4 C H + CH = CH H → C H C H CH2- Br 118 SO4 C H + CH = CH − CH H → C H CH (CH ) (cumen) + HBr 121 AlCl3 C H + C n H n +1Cl  → C H C n H n +1 + HCl 3n − C n H n −6 + O2  → nCO2 + (n − 3) H O / Cr2 O3 , 500 C , 40 atm CH (CH ) CH Al 2O    → C H + H (D/c C6H6) 122 ,t , P CH (CH ) CH xt → C H CH + H (D/c toluen) 123 ,t , P C H 12 xt → C H + 3H 124 ,t C H CH = CH + H Ni   → C H CH CH 119 120 105 askt CH2-CH3 + Br2 Br-CH-CH3 + HBr (sản phẩm chính) CH-CH2-Br + HBr (sản phẩm phụ) 106 C H + 3Cl  → C H Cl 107 ,t C CH CH CH CH CH CH xt → n – hexan + HBr 104 + Br2 Br C C H + HOSO3 H 170  → C H SO3 H + H O Axit benzensunfonic H SO4 C H + CH CH OH → C H CH CH + H O 115 Br askt ,t + Br2 Fe   → + HBr + HBr CH3 benzen clorua 109 + HBr CH3 + HCl NO2 CH3 O2N | NO2 +3H2O | NO2 H + Cl2 → Toluen O2N CH3 | H SO4 + 3HO – NO2  → 108 CH2Cl as + 4H2 0 125 126 132 133 134 127 135 VII – STIREN (C8H8) VÀ NAPHTALEN (C10H8) 128 C6H – CH = CH +Br (dd) → C 6H -CH Br– CH 2Br xt ,t o , p 129 C6H5 –CH = CH2 + H2  → C6H5–CH2 – CH3 Ni ,150 C 130 C10H8 + 2H2   → C10H12 (tetralin) Ni , 200 C , 35 atm 131 C10H12 + 3H2     → C10H18 (đecalin) 136 137