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I – ANKAN (mạch hở) CnH2n+2 ; n ≥ 1 Al C + 12 H O → Al (OH ) ↓ +3CH (Điều chế CH4 ankan) 15 crackinh ,t C C H → CH + C H (crackinh ankan) ,t CH COONa + NaOH CaO → CH + Na CO3 (ankan CH4) 16 C C + H 300 → CH (D/c ankan CH4) CH + Cl askt → CH Cl + HCl (PƯThế ankan CH4) 17 vikhuan CO2 + H → CH + H O (D/c CH4) C 2CH 1500 → C H + H (crackinh ankan CH4) 18 Ni , 250 C CO + 3H → CH + H O (D/c CH4) t 2CH Cl + Na → C H + NaCl (D/c ankan C2H6) 19 ,t C CH3COONa + NaOH CaO → CH4 + Na2CO3 (D/c ankan CH4) askt C H + Cl → C H Cl + HCl (PƯThế ankan C2H6) 20 Ni ,t C C H + H → C H 10 (D/c ankan butan) Pt ,t C C H → C H + H (crackinh ankan C2H6) 21 đpdd 2CH COONa + H O → C H + NaOH + 2CO2 + H ↑ Ni , t C C H + H → C H (D/c ankan C2H6) 22 C H Cl + Na + Cl − C H → C H 10 + NaCl Ni ,t C C H + H → C H 10 (D/c ankan C4H10 butan) 23 C H 12 crackinh → C H + C H xt , t C H 16 → C H + C H 10 0 0 0 0 0 crackinh ,t 0C 10 C H 10 → CH + C H (crackinh butan C4H10) 24 11 Na – O – C – CH2 – C – Na + 2NaOH → CH4 + 2Na2CO3 (CH4) 25 C , H SO4 2C H t → C H 12 26 xt ,t C H → C H + H 27 Ni CH − CH − CH = CH + H → C H 10 28 Ni CH − CH − CH = CH + H → C H 10 (từ Butilen butan) 29 cacoxitnito , 600 C CH + O2 → HCHO + H 2O (Oxi hóa khơng hồn tồn) ‖ ‖ O O 0 12 13 14 ,t C CH3COOH + NaOH CaO → CH4 + Na2CO3 + H2O (D/c CH4) Al C + 12 HCl → 3CH + AlCl (D/c ankan CH4) Al C + H SO4 → 3CH + Al ( SO4 ) (D/c ankan CH4) 30 C n H 2n+ 3n + + O2 → nCO2 + ( n + 1) H O II – XICLOANKAN (mạch vòng) CnH2n ; n ≥ 41 H SO4 loang , t C C H + H O → C H OH (PƯ anken C2H4) 42 C H + KMnO4 + H O → C H (OH ) + KOH + MnO2 43 Ni , t C C H + H → C H (PƯCộng anken C2H4) 44 Pt ,t C C H → C H + H (D/c anken C2H4) 45 t NaOOC − CH = CH − COONa + NaOH → C H + Na CO3 0 31 + Br2 t0 Br → + HBr C H Br2 + Zn → C H + ZnBr2 ddKMnO4 → C H (OH ) viết: 47 C H + [O ] + H O 3C H + KMnO4 + H O → 3C H (OH ) + KOH + MnO2 nCH = CH →[−CH − CH −] n (PE) (PƯTH anken C2H4) 48 46 32 33 C + H2 Ni ,80 → CH3 – CH2 – CH3 (propan) + Br2 → CH2Br – CH2 – CH2Br (1,3 – đibrompropan) 49 crackinh C H 10 → C H + C H (D/c anken C2H4) 50 H SO4 ,180 C C H OH → C H + H O (D/c anken C2H4) 34 + HBr → CH3 – CH2 – CH2Br (1 – brompropan) 53 Pb C H + H → C H (D/c anken C2H4) C H (OH ) + HBr → C H Br + H O C H + HCl → C H Cl (PƯCộng anken C2H4) 54 ddKMnO4 C H + [O] + H O → C H (OH ) 55 CH − CH = CH + HBr → CH − CHBr − CH (PƯCộng C3H6) 56 CH − CH = CH + Br2 → CH − CHBr − CH Br 51 52 35 C + Br2 Ni ,120 → CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 36 , xt CH3 t → CH3 + 3H2 Cl | 37 as + Cl2 → 57 58 (xiclopentan) + HCl 59 60 61 38 as + Cl2 → Cl + HCl 62 63 III – ANKEN CnH2n ; n ≥ → C H Cl (PƯCộng anken C2H4) 39 C H + HCl 40 2CH = CH − COONa + H O dpdd → CH = CH − CH = CH + NaOH + 2CO2 ↑ + H ↑ dd C H + Br2 → C H Br2 (PƯCộng anken C2H4) H SO4 , t C 2C H → H C = CH − CH − CH ddKMnO4 CH = CH + [O] + H → HO − CH − CH − OH C6 H + C2 H → C H − CH − CH C2H5Br + KOH → C2H4 + KBr +H2O xt , t C C H 12 → C H + 3H 3n C n H n + O2 → nCO2 + nH O IV – ANKADDIEN CnH2n-2 ; n ≥ 64 CH2 – CH – CH = CH2 | | Br Br CH = CH − CH = CH + Br2 → CH2 – CH = CH – CH2 | | Br Br 65 66 67 CH2 = CH – CH = CH2 + Br2 → CH2 – CH – CH –CH2 | | | | Br Br Br Br Na nCH2 = CH – CH = CH2 → [- CH2 – CH = CH – CH2 -]n (cao su buna) Pd CH2 = CH – C ≡ CH + H2 → CH2 = CH – CH = CH2 79 ddKMnO4 C H + 4[O] → HOOC − COOH viết 3C H + KMnO4 + H O → 3(COOH ) + 8MnO2 + KOH CH − CHCl → CH ≡ CH + HCl 80 CH ≡ CH + HCl → CH − CHCl 78 AgC ≡ CAg + HCl → CH ≡ CH + AgCl ↓ NH → AgC ≡ CAg + H O viết 82 CH ≡ CH + Ag O CH ≡ CH + 2[ Ag ( NH ) ] + OH − → AgC ≡ CAg + NH + H O 81 83 C ,C 2C H 600 → C H (Đề hidro hóa ankin C2H2) 84 T C H Br4 + Zn → C H ↑ +2ZnBr2 (Đ/c ankin C2H2) 0 85 86 2000 C CaO + 3C → CaC + CO CaC + H O → C H ↑ +Ca (OH ) (Đ/c ankin C2H2) 88 ruou ,t C C H Br2 + KOH → C H + KBr + H O xt C H + CH COOH → CH − COOCH = H 89 C nCH ≡ CH Ca , 280 →[−CH = CH −] n (cupren) 87 68 P , xt CH2 = C – CH = CH2 t → | CH3 - CH2 – C = CH – CH2 – | CH3 n 91 ,t C 2CH ≡ CH CuCl → CH ≡ C − CH = CH C H + AgNO3 + NH → C Ag + NH NO3 92 C Ag + HCl → C H + AgCl ↓ 93 HgCl ,t C C H + HCl → CH = CHCl 90 69 70 Ni CH2 = CH – CH = CH2 + H2 → CH3 – CH2 – CH = CH2 Al O3 , 450 C 2C H OH → CH = CH − CH = CH + H O + H ↑ 71 72 xt , P , t nCH − CH − CH = CH →(−CH − CH − CH = CH −) n (polibutaddien) xt , P , t CH2 = CH – CH = CH2 → - CH2 – CH – | CH = CH2 n (Polivinyl etilen) V – ANKIN CnH2n-2 ; n ≥ , NH Cl 2CH ≡ CH CuCl → CH = CH − C ≡ CH 73 76 C 2C + H 3000 → C2 H Pd / PdCO3 C2H2 + H2 → C H (PƯCộng ankin C2H2) Ni C2H2 + 2H2 → C H (PƯCộng ankin C2H2) 77 HgSO4 / 80 C C H + H O → CH CHO 74 75 0 xt , P ,t C nCH = CHCl →(−CH − CHCl −) n 3n − O2 → nCO2 + (n − 1) H O 95 C n H n − + VI – AREN CnH2n-6 n ≥ xt , t → C H + 3H 96 C H 12 94 97 xt ,t 3C H → C H 98 Ni , t C H + 3H → C H 12 99 AlCl3 C H + CH Cl → C H − CH + HCl CH3 NO2 | + 3HO – NO2 → H SO4 100 + 3H2O 101 102 + Fe, to Br2 103 Fe, to + Br2 t C H CH + KMnO4 + H O → C H COOK + MnO2 + KOH Kali benzoat C H COOK + HCl → C H COOH + KCl 110 Br 111 ,t C H + C H Cl xt → C H C H + HCl 112 as C H C H + Cl → C H CHClCH + HCl 113 ,t C H CHClCH xt → C H CH = CH + HCl 0 CH3 Br 114 CH3 116 117 SO4 C H + CH = CH H → C H C H CH2- Br 118 SO4 C H + CH = CH − CH H → C H CH (CH ) (cumen) + HBr 121 AlCl3 C H + C n H n +1Cl → C H C n H n +1 + HCl 3n − C n H n −6 + O2 → nCO2 + (n − 3) H O / Cr2 O3 , 500 C , 40 atm CH (CH ) CH Al 2O → C H + H (D/c C6H6) 122 ,t , P CH (CH ) CH xt → C H CH + H (D/c toluen) 123 ,t , P C H 12 xt → C H + 3H 124 ,t C H CH = CH + H Ni → C H CH CH 119 120 105 askt CH2-CH3 + Br2 Br-CH-CH3 + HBr (sản phẩm chính) CH-CH2-Br + HBr (sản phẩm phụ) 106 C H + 3Cl → C H Cl 107 ,t C CH CH CH CH CH CH xt → n – hexan + HBr 104 + Br2 Br C C H + HOSO3 H 170 → C H SO3 H + H O Axit benzensunfonic H SO4 C H + CH CH OH → C H CH CH + H O 115 Br askt ,t + Br2 Fe → + HBr + HBr CH3 benzen clorua 109 + HBr CH3 + HCl NO2 CH3 O2N | NO2 +3H2O | NO2 H + Cl2 → Toluen O2N CH3 | H SO4 + 3HO – NO2 → 108 CH2Cl as + 4H2 0 125 126 132 133 134 127 135 VII – STIREN (C8H8) VÀ NAPHTALEN (C10H8) 128 C6H – CH = CH +Br (dd) → C 6H -CH Br– CH 2Br xt ,t o , p 129 C6H5 –CH = CH2 + H2 → C6H5–CH2 – CH3 Ni ,150 C 130 C10H8 + 2H2 → C10H12 (tetralin) Ni , 200 C , 35 atm 131 C10H12 + 3H2 → C10H18 (đecalin) 136 137