An optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) is used to characterize a fiberoptic span, usually fiber sections joined by splices and connectors. An OTDR provides an inside view of the fiber, and can calculate fiber length attenuation, uniformity, breaks, as well as splice and connector losses. A wide variety of singlemode OTDR modules is offered at four essential wavelengths (1310 nm, 1410 nm, 1550 nm, and 1625 nm) to cover all fiber applications from longhaul or WDM networks to metropolitan networks. Each OTDR module provides a stable light source, as well as the option to add a visual fault locator. The FTB7000 OTDR is ideal for LAN applications since it can host multimode OTDR modules. The FTB7000B and FTB70000C OTDR Series modules can operate on an FTB400 Universal Test System platform, as well as on an FTB100B MiniOTDR. You can also use the OTDR test application on a personal computer for processing traces offline. For more information on the FTB400, refer to the FTB400 Universal Test System user guide.
Optical Time Domain Reflectometer Series FTB-7000B/FTB-70000C If the equipment described herein bears the symbol, the said equipment complies with the applicable European Union Directive and Standards mentioned in the Declaration of Conformity User Guide P/N: 1035799 September 2002 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, be it electronically, mechanically, or by any other means such as photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of EXFO Electro-Optical Engineering Inc (EXFO) Information provided by EXFO is believed to be accurate and reliable However, no responsibility is assumed by EXFO for its use nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent rights of EXFO EXFO’s Commerce And Government Entities (CAGE) code under the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is 0L8C3 The information contained in this publication is subject to change without notice © 2002 EXFO Electro-Optical Engineering Inc Words that EXFO considers trademarks have been identified as such However, neither the presence nor absence of such identification affects the legal status of any trademark Units of measurement in this document conform to SI standards and practices Contents Contents Certification Information viii Introducing the FTB-7000 OTDR FTB-7000B and FTB-70000C OTDR Series Bidirectional Averaging Feature Template Trace Feature OTDR Basic Theory OTDR Internal Components New Features of the OTDR Safety Information Safety Conventions Laser Safety Information Getting Started with Your OTDR 11 Installing the Application on an FTB-400 or PC .11 Inserting and Removing Test Modules 13 Launching the FTB-7000 OTDR Application 18 Adjusting Window Height 21 Exiting the Application 22 Setting Up Your OTDR 23 Selecting a Testing Mode 23 Setting Trace Display Parameters 24 Setting Acquisition Parameters .29 Setting the IOR, RBS Coefficient and Helix Factor 32 Setting Analysis Parameters 34 Setting a Default Span Start and Span End 39 Keeping the Span Start and Span End in Memory 41 Including the Loss Caused by Span Start and Span End Events .42 Setting Cable Parameters 43 Setting Event Table Parameters .61 Setting Pass/Fail Thresholds 65 Setting Optical Switch Parameters 68 Setting Distance Range, Pulse Width and Acquisition Time 74 Setting a Custom Acquisition Time .78 Saving an OTDR Setup 79 Selecting an OTDR Setup 80 Optical Time Domain Reflectometer Series iii Contents Preparing Your OTDR for a Test 81 Connecting Optical Fibers .81 Installing the EXFO Universal Interface (EUI) 82 Testing Fibers in Auto Mode 83 Selecting the Auto Mode 83 Selecting a Test Wavelength 84 Setting Parameters .85 Acquiring Traces in Auto Mode .85 Testing Fibers in Advanced Mode 87 Selecting the Advanced Mode 87 Selecting a Test Wavelength 88 Setting the Autorange Acquisition Time .88 Setting Application Parameters .89 Acquiring Traces in Advanced Mode .90 Testing Fibers in Reference Creation/Template Mode 95 Description of Reference Creation Mode 95 Description of Template Mode 95 Restrictions of Reference Creation/Template Mode .96 Processing Traces Online vs Offline 96 Acquiring the Reference Trace 97 Selecting the Reference Creation/Template Mode 98 Acquiring Traces in Reference Creation/Template Mode 101 Analyzing Traces and Events 103 Trace Display and Event Table Description 104 Locating Events in the Trace Display and Event Table 108 Using Markers .109 Using Zoom Controls 110 Zooming with the Magnifying Glass 111 Changing the Loss and Reflectance 112 Inserting Events 114 Deleting Events 117 Analyzing or Reanalyzing a Trace 118 Analyzing the Fiber on a Specific Fiber Span .119 Entering Comments 121 Viewing and Changing Trace Parameters in the Trace Info Tab 122 Modifying Current Trace Settings .124 Displaying or Hiding a Trace .126 Swapping Traces 128 iv FTB-7000B/FTB-70000C Contents 10 Performing Specific Measurements on Traces 129 Measuring Event Distances and Powers 129 Measuring Event Loss (Four-Point and Least-Square Approximation) 130 Measuring Attenuation (Two-Point and Least-Square Approximation) 132 Measuring Reflectance 133 Calculating Optical Return Loss (ORL) 134 11 Managing Trace Files 135 Changing the Storage Path 135 Naming Trace Files Automatically .139 Storing a Trace 140 Storing a Trace From the Main Window 142 Storing a Trace in a Different Format 143 OTDR Trace File Compatibility .145 Recalling a Trace File 147 Recalling a Reference Trace 149 Renaming a Trace File 150 Clearing Traces from the Display 151 Deleting a Trace File 152 12 Creating and Printing Trace Reports 153 Entering Report Information .153 Customizing the Report 156 Setting Up the Report Layout .158 Setting Printer Parameters 159 Printing a Report 161 13 Using the OTDR as a Light Source 163 Using the Light Source 163 Using the Visual Fault Locator 165 14 Analyzing Bidirectional Traces 167 Starting the Bidirectional Analysis Utility 168 Recalling Single-Wavelength Trace Files 169 Recalling Multiwavelength Trace Files 172 Analyzing the Fiber on a Specific Fiber Span .173 Aligning Traces for Bidirectional Analysis 175 Analyzing Bidirectional Traces .178 Changing Event Tables 180 Viewing and Changing Trace Parameters in the Trace Information Tabs .180 Changing the Event Tolerance Interval 182 Optical Time Domain Reflectometer Series v Contents Modifying Current Trace Settings .184 Creating a Report .185 Storing Bidirectional Traces 186 Printing a Bidirectional Trace 187 15 Maintenance 189 Cleaning the Front Panel .189 Cleaning Fixed Connectors 190 Cleaning Connectors Equipped with EUI/EUA Adapters 192 Recalibrating the Unit 195 16 Troubleshooting 197 Error Messages 197 Measuring Deviation 199 Evaluating the Launch Level 200 Setting the OTDR to Zero 201 Measuring Dead Zones .202 Measuring the Dynamic Range 203 Determining the Measurement Range 205 Viewing Online Documentation 206 Finding Information on the EXFO Web Site 207 Contacting the Technical Support Group 208 Transportation 210 17 Warranty 211 General Information 211 Liability .212 Exclusions 212 Certification 212 Service and Repairs .213 EXFO Service Centers Worldwide 214 vi FTB-7000B/FTB-70000C Contents A Description of Event Types 215 Span Start 215 Span End 215 Continuous Fiber .216 End of Analysis 217 Non-Reflective Fault 218 Reflective Fault 219 Positive Fault 220 Launch Level 221 Fiber Section 222 Merged Reflective Fault .223 Echo 225 Reflective Fault (Possible Echo) 226 B Technical Specifications 227 Index 229 Optical Time Domain Reflectometer Series vii Certification Information Certification Information F.C.C Information Electronic test equipment is exempt from Part 15 compliance (FCC) in the United States However, compliance verification tests are performed on all EXFO equipment Information Electronic test equipment is subject to the EMC Directive in the European Union The EN61326 standard prescribes both emission and immunity requirements for laboratory, measurement, and control equipment This unit has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device Please refer to the Declaration of Conformity Independent Laboratory Testing This unit has undergone extensive testing according to the European Union Directive and Standards All pre-qualification tests were performed internally, at EXFO, while all final tests were performed externally, at an independent, accredited laboratory This guarantees the unerring objectivity and authoritative compliance of all test results IMPORTANT The AC adapter provided with this product is equipped with a shielded three-wire power cord and plug Use this power cord in conjunction with a properly grounded electrical outlet to avoid electrical shock and to reduce radio frequency interference that may emanate from the power cord viii FTB-7000B/FTB-70000C Certification Information IMPORTANT Use of shielded remote I/O cables, with properly grounded shields and metal connectors, is recommended in order to reduce radio frequency interference that may emanate from these cables Optical Time Domain Reflectometer Series ix Certification Information Electro-Optical Engineering DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY Application of Council Directive(s): Manufacturer’s Name: Manufacturer’s Address: Equipment Type/Environment: Trade Name/Model No.: Year of Conformity Assessment: 73/23/EEC - The Low Voltage Directive 89/336/EEC - The EMC Directive EXFO ELECTRO-OPTICAL ENG 465 Godin Avenue Vanier, Quebec Canada G1M 3G7 (418) 683-0211 Industrial Scientific Equipment FTB-7000B Optical Time Domain Reflectometer 2000 Standard(s) to which Conformity is Declared: EN 61010-1: 1993/ A2: 1995 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use, Part 1: General Requirements EN 60825-1: 1993/ A11: 1996 Safety of Laser Products-Part 1: Equipment Classification, Requirement, and User’s guide EN 61326: 1997/ A1: 1998 Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use - EMC Requirements EN 55022: 1994/ A2: 1997 Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of information technology equipment I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specified above conforms to the above Directive and Standards Manufacturer Signature: Full Name: Stephen Bull, E Eng Position: Vice-President Research and Development Address: 465 Godin Avenue Vanier, Quebec, Canada March 29, 2002 Date: x FTB-7000B/FTB-70000C Description of Event Types Echo Echo This symbol indicates that a reflective event has been detected after the end of the fiber ➤ The launched pulse travels up to the end connector and is reflected back towards the OTDR Then, it reaches the second connector and is reflected again towards the end connector It is then reflected back to the OTDR ➤ ToolBox interprets this new reflection as an echo because its distance is longer than the total fiber length ➤ The distance between the second connector reflection and the end connector reflection is equal to the distance between the end connector reflection and the echo ➤ There is no loss specified for echo events Optical Time Domain Reflectometer Series 225 Description of Event Types Reflective Fault (Possible Echo) Reflective Fault (Possible Echo) This symbol indicates a reflective event that can be a real reflection or an echo produced by another stronger reflection located closer to the source 226 ➤ The launched pulse hits the third connector, is reflected back to the OTDR and reflected again into the fiber It then reaches the third connector a second time and is reflected once more to the OTDR ➤ ToolBox would therefore detect a reflective event located at twice the distance of the third connector Since this event is almost null (no loss), and since its distance is a multiple of the third connector distance, ToolBox would interpret it as a possible echo ➤ A reflectance value is specified for reflective fault (possible echo) events FTB-7000B/FTB-70000C B Technical Specifications IMPORTANT The following technical specifications can change without notice The information presented in this section is provided as a reference only To obtain this product’s most recent technical specifications, visit the EXFO Web site at www.exfo.com OTDR Multimode Module Specifications1 Wavelength (nm) 850/1300 ± 20 Dynamic range2 (dB) at 100 ns/1 µs 23/27 (C), 25/29 (D) Event dead zone3 (m) 1.5/1.5 Attenuation dead zone3 (m) 5/5 Model Dynamic range2 (dB) at 20 µs Event dead zone5 (m) Attenuation dead zone5 (m) Model 38.5/37.5 41.5/39.5 45/434 38.5 43.5 36 39 41.5 37.5/36 40.5/39 43.5/41.5 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 3 3 3/3 3/3 3/3 10/15 10/15 10/15 10/15 10 15 16 16 16 15/16 15/16 15/16 FTB-7223B-B7 FTB-7323B-B FTB-7423B-B FTB-7523B-B FTB-7405B-B FTB-7503B-B-ER FTB-7304B-B FTB-7404B-B FTB-7504B-B FTB-7334B-B FTB-7434B-B FTB-7534B-B 42.5/40.5/39.5 3/3/3 10/10/10 FTB-74234C-B FTB-7212B-C or D OTDR Singlemode Module Specifications1 Wavelength (nm) Dynamic range2 (dB) at 10 µs Single-Dual-Wavelength module 1310/1550 ± 20/± 20 32/31 1310/1550 ± 20/± 20 37.5/35.5 1310/1550 ± 20/± 20 40/38 1310/1550 ± 20/± 20 43.5/41.54 1410 ± 10 37 1550 ± 20 42 1625 ± 10 35 1625 ± 10 38 1625 ± 10 40 1550/1625 ± 20/± 10 35.5/35 1550/1625 ± 20/± 10 40/38 1550/1625 ± 20/± 10 42/40 Triple-Wavelength module 1310/1550/1625± 20/± 20/± 10 41/39/38 Other OTDR configurations are available Contact your EXFO representative for more information General Specifications Models Distance range (km) Pulse width (ns) 850 nm: 1300 nm: Linearity (dB/dB) Loss threshold (dB) Loss resolution (dB) Sampling resolution (m) Sampling points Distance uncertainty6 Measurement time Real-time refresh Stable source output power (dBm) Visual fault locator (optional) CW, Pout maximum: 800 µW 200B-C/D series 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 10, 30, 100 10, 30, 100, 275, 1000 ± 0.05 0.01 0.001 0.08 to Up to 16 000 ± (1 m + 0.0025 % x distance) User-defined (60 maximum)